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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Abusive parent"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 1 de febrero de 2022

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1

Simmons, Melanie L., Troy E. McEwan y Rosemary Purcell. "“But All Kids Yell at Their Parents, Don’t They?”: Social Norms About Child-to-Parent Abuse in Australia". Journal of Family Issues 40, n.º 11 (15 de abril de 2019): 1486–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x19842587.

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Child-to-parent abuse has been hampered by a lack of attention to what behaviors are commonly perceived as abusive and a poor understanding of when children’s behavior stops being difficult, but normative, and becomes abusive. This study investigated what Australian parents and young people perceived as abusive behavior by children toward parents. Convenience samples of (a) parents of young people aged 14 to 25 years ( n = 201) and (b) young people aged 14 to 25 years ( n = 586) were asked to define at what frequency they believed that 40 child-to-parent behaviors became abusive. Both parents and young people perceived that children could abuse their parents, but young people were more permissive when defining abuse than were parents for behaviors involving physical aggression without injury, financial abuse, humiliation, or intimidation. The findings have implications for child-to-parent abuse measurement, particularly in relation to how coercive and verbally aggressive behavior is (or is not) defined as abusive.

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2

Hunsaker, Alan. "Changing the Abusive Parent". Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 9, n.º 1 (marzo de 1987): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073998638703090110.

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3

Iwaniec, Dorota. "Evaluating Parent Training for Emotionally Abusive and Neglectful Parents: Comparing Individual Versus Individual and Group Intervention". Research on Social Work Practice 7, n.º 3 (julio de 1997): 329–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104973159700700303.

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The principles and methods of parent training provided by social workers are described with an emphasis on working with abusive and neglectful parents using cognitive and/or behavioral approaches. Two emotionally abusive and neglectful groups of parents (n = 10 parents per group) were assessed, trained, and followed up for 2 years. Group I received individual parent training only and Group 2 received similar individual parent training plus 10 sessions of parent training provided in groups. Group 2 improved significantly better in areas other than child care. The results are discussed in terms of their applications to the provision of parent training by social workers.

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4

Golub, Judith S., Michael Espinosa, Linda Damon y Jessica Card. "A videotape parent education program for abusive parents". Child Abuse & Neglect 11, n.º 2 (enero de 1987): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(87)90065-2.

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5

Patterson, George T. "An Exploratory Study Assessing Relations of Demographic Characteristics with Police Recruits' Attitudes toward Abuse of Children and Abusive Parents". Psychological Reports 101, n.º 2 (octubre de 2007): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.2.451-456.

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The purpose of this exploratory study was to assess the relationships of demographic characteristics with attitudes toward abusive parents and abused children in a convenience sample of 183 police recruits. Police academy training staff invited recruits to complete a questionnaire which contained three vignettes and a 36-item questionnaire that depicted child neglect, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and demographic information. Analysis of responses showed that African Americans and Latinos reported more negative attitudes of anger, disgust, sadness, and discomfort toward an abusive parent than the Euro-American group. Women reported more negative attitudes toward an abused child and also more positive attitudes of sympathy and caring toward an abused child. Results partially support previous research suggesting demographic characteristics influence report of attitudes toward abusive parents and abused children. These findings about the influence of demographic characteristics on positive and negative emotional reactions toward abusive parents and abused children add to the literature.

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6

Thompson, Ross A. y Rebecca A. Colman. "Society as an Abusive Parent". Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 42, n.º 8 (agosto de 1997): 713–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/000154.

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7

Dore, Martha Morrison y Judy M. Lee. "The Role of Parent Training with Abusive and Neglectful Parents". Family Relations 48, n.º 3 (julio de 1999): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/585642.

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8

Fennell, Dana C. y Anne H. Fishel. "Parent Education: An Evaluation of STEP on Abusive Parents?Perceptions and Abuse Potential". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 11, n.º 3 (julio de 1998): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.1998.tb00022.x.

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9

No authorship indicated. "Review of Changing the Abusive Parent." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 31, n.º 4 (abril de 1986): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/024707.

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10

Burke, Jessica L. y Jessica M. Doucet. "Deciding on Discipline: The Importance of Parent Demeanor in the Transmission of Discipline Practices". Social Sciences 8, n.º 3 (13 de marzo de 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8030095.

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Although child abuse is a social problem in the United States, many cases go unreported because there is not a consensus as to what disciplinary actions are deemed abusive. Thus, it is paramount to understand the demarcation between physical punishment and physical abuse among parents and their use of certain forms of discipline. This study examines how discipline experienced by adolescent respondents affects their choice of discipline practices in adulthood. A random sample of residents was selected from three South Carolina counties using the 2016 state voter registration list. Respondents were mailed a survey asking questions pertaining to their disciplinary practices and experiences. Analyses were conducted using the ordinary least squares regression. Those who experienced abusive discipline as a child were significantly less likely to report that they use the same discipline techniques as their parents. However, adding parenting traits into the model revealed a mediation effect. Abusive discipline no longer plays a significant role in how respondents discipline their own children once the perceived demeanor of their parent is taken into consideration. These findings suggest that disciplinary techniques are less important than a parent’s attitude when correcting their children’s behavior. Implications for the current research, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

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11

Chaffin, Mark, Jane F. Silovsky, Beverly Funderburk, Linda Anne Valle, Elizabeth V. Brestan, Tatiana Balachova, Shelli Jackson, Jay Lensgraf y Barbara L. Bonner. "Parent-Child Interaction Therapy With Physically Abusive Parents: Efficacy for Reducing Future Abuse Reports." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 72, n.º 3 (junio de 2004): 500–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.72.3.500.

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12

Sabarre, Jess, Paulo Louis H. Villareal y Myla Arcinas. "Filipino Adolescents’ Experiences of Abusive Parent-Child Relationship in Low Socioeconomic Status Families". Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 3, n.º 4 (25 de abril de 2021): 06–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2021.3.4.2.

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This phenomenological-qualitative study aimed to describe how an abusive parent-child relationship of selected Filipino adolescents from an intact family of low socioeconomic status affects the perceptions of their potential romantic partner, marriage, and family. The study also uncovered their coping mechanisms and support system. The seven informants were identified using a purposive sampling technique. The researchers devised an open-ended interview guide to elicit information from the informants and were conducted with a guidance counsellor. With the use of content analysis, the study revealed that their abusive experiences with one or both parents have significantly affected their perceptions. Most of them have resorted to using negative coping strategies and that their grandparents stood as their extended family support system with their friends as their non-family support system. The informants displayed a significantly entrenched position on the characteristics of their future marital partner and family. However, they have shown disapproval of marriage due to their experiences. The study also exposed that mothers have been more present in the abusive parent-child experiences than the fathers, which contradicts expectations that fathers act as strict disciplinarians and mothers being the child's protector in Philippine Culture. The study exposed the experiences of children in verbal and physical abuse in their homes from intact families with low socioeconomic status in Metro Manila, wherein expounds on the type of social support these children have been given and the kinds of coping mechanisms that are prevalent in their experiences and how these abusive parent-child experiences reflected with either positive or negative on their perception of marital partner, the concept of marriage, and concept of family, wherein provides substantial knowledge on how these experiences can be handled and faced in terms of treatment.

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13

Nurius, Paula S., Jacqueline Furrey y Lucy Berliner. "Coping Capacity Among Women with Abusive Partners". Violence and Victims 7, n.º 3 (enero de 1992): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.7.3.229.

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Coping capacity, although increasingly implicated as a mediating force in how individuals respond to personal threat, is an underrecognized factor in work with women of abusive partners. To explore the utility of coping capacity as a multivariable set to guide intervention with women of abusive partners, findings are reported comparing four groups of women: those whose partners do not engage in abuse, are abusive toward them, are sex offenders of children for whom the woman is a parent, or are offenders of children for whom the woman is not a parent. Three variable sets were included: vulnerability factors that may negatively influence appraisals of threat and ability to cope with abuse; coping responses that include cognitive, emotional, and behavioral reactions to the abuse; and coping resources expected to mediate effects of vulnerability factors and to influence the mobilization (of lack thereof) of coping responses. There were significant differences in coping capacity profiles across the four groups. These appeared to be a continuum of coping capacity, with women who were most directly threatened showing the lowest and women who were least directly threatened showing the highest levels of coping capacity. In order from the lowest to the highest levels of coping capacity were (1) battered women, (2) women whose partners are offenders against their children, (3) women whose partners are offenders against children of whom they are not the parent, and (4) control group women. The paper ends with a conceptual interpretation of the mediating functions of coping resources and implications for intervention and further study.

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14

Wongcharoenwatana, Jidapa, Jariya Tarugsa, Kamolporn Kaewpornsawan, Perajit Eamsobhana, Chatupon Chotigavanichaya y Thanase Ariyawatkul. "Identifying children at high risk for recurrence child abuse". Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 29, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2021): 230949902199641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499021996411.

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Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics of abused children, families and abusive event and to identify risk factors associated with recurrence of child abuse. Methods: Retrospective data from 133 children aged between 2 months to 15 years old who were diagnosed as abuse between year 2002 and 2017. Thirteen items related to characteristics of the child, families, abusive event were selected. These factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model for association with repeated child abuse. Results: Total of 133 subjects with average age of 5.25 ± 4.65 years old. There were 54 cases (40.60%) reported of repeated abuse. Majority of repeated abuse type in this study was physical abuse (73.68%). Most perpetrators were child’s own parents (45.10%). Factors associated with increased risk of repeated abuse were child age 1–5 years old (AOR = 4.95/95%CI = 1.06–23.05), 6–10 years old (AOR = 6.80/95%CI = 1.22–37.91) and perpetrator was child’s own parent (AOR = 21.34/95%CI = 3.51–129.72). Three cases of mortality were found with single-visit children and one case in recurrence. Most of death cases were children less than 1-year-old with average age of 7 months. Causes of death were subdural hematoma with skull and ribs fracture. Conclusions: Identifying risk factors for repeated child abuse help in recognizing child at risk to provide prompt intervention. This study found two factors associated with higher risk of abuse recurrence: child age 1–10 years old and abusive parents. Children who presented with these risk factors should be recognized and intensively monitored.

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15

Tedgård, Eva, Maria Råstam y Ingegerd Wirtberg. "An upbringing with substance-abusing parents: Experiences of parentification and dysfunctional communication". Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 36, n.º 3 (20 de diciembre de 2018): 223–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072518814308.

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Aim: To increase understanding of the consequences of growing up with substance-abusing parents, including how this can influence the experience of becoming a parent. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 parents who had participated in an Infant and Toddler Psychiatry Unit intervention programme and who had experienced substance-abusing parents in their family of origin. Directed qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Analysis of the interview material revealed both a high incidence of parentification and a conspiracy of silence concerning the substance abuse that helped generate symptoms of cognitive dissonance in the children. As parents they experience a high degree of inadequacy, incompetence and stress. Conclusion: A majority of the children who had grown up with substance-abusing parents responded by taking a parenting role for themselves, their siblings and their parents. These children, often well-behaved and seemingly competent, need to be identified and offered support as they risk developing significant psychological and emotional difficulties that can extend into adulthood. They form an extra sensitive group who may need special support up to and including the time when they become parents themselves. This finding underlines the importance of further research on parenting among those who have grown up with abusive parents.

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16

Whatley, Mariamne H. y Bonnie Trudell. "The Role of the Family in Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs". Journal of Education 170, n.º 1 (enero de 1988): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002205748817000108.

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In response to the problem of child sexual abuse, there has been a proliferation of school-based prevention programs. In conjunction with the children's programs, there have also been efforts to develop a parent education component. After examining the potential roles for adult caretakers in school sexual abuse prevention programs, we raise issues that should be considered before such programs are implemented. These issues include: the necessity of developing a true “partnership” between school and community; the possible unintended consequence of deskilling parents; the recognition that adults sought as “partners” in these programs might actually be abusers; the use of such gender-neutral terms as “abusive parent” which serve to disguise who actually abuses and who is held responsible for protecting the child; the reaction to what is perceived as intervention in the family. These issues are crucial to consider, because a haphazard approach to parental involvement could cause damage to the program, as well as to the trust that is necessary between educators and parents.

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17

Sack, William H., Robert Mason y James E. Higgins. "The single-parent family and abusive child punishment." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 55, n.º 2 (abril de 1985): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1985.tb03439.x.

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18

Clemente, Miguel y Dolores Padilla-Racero. "Influence of intrafamilial abuse in children's change of values towards their parents". Journal of Family Research 32, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2020): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-157.

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The socialization that parents and society exercise on children instills in them a set of values towards parents. Some of these values are not lying, feeling affection for the parents, and wanting to have contact with them. In this work, we attempt to determine whether these values change in the face of intrafamilial abuse. To that end, an incidental sample was used, consisting of 2730 minors aged between 6 to 18 years, who had never suffered abuse. They were asked to put themselves in the place of the main character of a story. The story varied depending on the conditions to be studied: observation and direct suffering or account of the abuse by another, type of abuse (physical or psychological), who perpetrated the abuse (custodian or non-custodial), and who received it (the other custodian or the minor). The results show that, as a rule, children lie to conceal both parents’ abusive behavior; they love their parents and want to have contact with them, even in the presence of abuse. Notwithstanding that in the presence of abuse by one of their parents, children still love them and want to have contact with both parents, a significant number of children, however, stop loving them or want to have contact with the abusive parent. These results undermine what is defended by theories like PAS with no scientific evidence, and underline the need to use scientific procedures to test the reliability of minors’ testimony based on the idea that children tell the truth.

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19

MacMillan, Virginia M., Ralph L. Olson y David J. Hansen. "Low and high deviance analogue assessment of parent-training with physically abusive parents". Journal of Family Violence 6, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1991): 279–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00980534.

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20

Lau, Anna S., Sylvia M. Valeri, Carolyn A. McCarty y John R. Weisz. "Abusive parents’ reports of child behavior problems: Relationship to observed parent-child interactions". Child Abuse & Neglect 30, n.º 6 (junio de 2006): 639–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.11.009.

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21

Nazemi, Fatemeh, Parvaneh Mohammadkhani y Katayoun Khoshabi. "Parent management training used in abusive parent – child interaction in children with ADHD". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 5 (2010): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.081.

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22

Stark, Debra, Jessica Choplin y Sarah Wellard. "Properly Accounting for Domestic Violence in Child Custody Cases: An Evidence-Based Analysis and Reform Proposal". Michigan Journal of Gender & Law, n.º 26.1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36641/mjgl.26.1.properly.

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Promoting the best interests of children and protecting their safety and well-being in the context of a divorce or parentage case where domestic violence has been alleged has become highly politicized and highly gendered. There are claims by fathers’ rights groups that mothers often falsely accuse fathers of domestic violence to alienate the fathers from their children and to improve their financial position. They also claim that children do better when fathers are equally involved in their children’s lives, but that judges favor mothers over fathers in custody cases. As a consequence, fathers’ rights groups have engaged in a nationwide effort to reform the custody laws to create a presumption of equal parenting time, with no exception when one of the parents has engaged in domestic violence. Domestic violence survivors and their advocates, however, claim that the needs of survivors of domestic violence and their children to be safe and free from further abuse are not being met in custody cases, that their claims of abuse are not being believed, and that the harm when a parent commits domestic violence against the other parent is not being recognized and addressed by judges and the family law professional upon whom they rely. This Article first presents a literature review, with articulated scientific standards applied to each of the pieces of research cited in this review, on what is happening outside of court and in court relating to domestic violence and best practices for taking domestic violence into account in these child custody cases. Among the key findings from this literature review are: (1) when a parent commits domestic violence against the other parent, this can cause serious long-term harm to children, (2) custody judgments tend to favor fathers over mothers because greater weight is placed on claims of alienation than on domestic violence claims, (3) long-term harms can be mitigated by evidence-based best practices, most notably, supporting non-abusive parents in their efforts to protect themselves and their children from further domestic violence, (4) family law judges and professionals must be trained on domestic violence and its nuances, as well as how to screen for domestic violence, to adequately support them, and (5) a component of this training is learning how to distinguish mutual “situational couple violence” for which “parallel parenting” custody arrangements might be feasible, from a pattern of “coercive abuse,” where sole decision-making and primary parenting time should be ordered to the non-abusive parent, and protective restrictions on parenting time should be ordered to the abusive parent. The Article then reports on a fifty-state review of custody-related laws (laws determining which parent makes major decisions relating to the child, who is allocated primary parenting time, and whether protective restrictions shall be placed on the parenting time of a parent who has engaged in domestic violence). This review found serious gaps between what evidence-based best practices suggest, and what is currently required by law in many states. These gaps in the law, including the failure of the law to require domestic violence screening and training for judges and other family law professionals, contribute to poor custody decision-making by them that compromises the safety and welfare of domestic violence survivors and their children. The Article then proposes nuanced law reforms that would align custody-related laws with evidence-based best practices for taking domestic violence into account in custody cases, including creating rebuttable presumptions, burdens of proof, and definitions of domestic violence that conform with these evidence-based best practices.

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23

Schocket, Deborah Houk. "Contested Parental Authority in Jules Vallès's L'Enfant". Nottingham French Studies 52, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2013): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2013.0058.

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This article examines Jules Vallès's portrayal of an abusive parent-child relationship in his 1879 novel L'Enfant, showing how the author's narrative techniques, in particular his use of an unstable first-person narrative voice, undermine the notion of parental authority. Situating this novel in its historical context, I show that although it was published a decade before France's first law protecting children from physical abuse, authors of childrearing guides from as early as the 1820s were already advocating moral as opposed to corporal punishments for children. Not only does Vallès cast his critical eye on parent-child dynamics but also he widens the novel's scope by creating an analogy between the authority of parents in the home and that exercised by the State in schools. Moreover, through the young protagonist's rejection of his parents’ professional aspirations for him, Vallès's provocative novel challenges the classic nineteenth-century narrative of progress through upward social mobility.

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24

Jiménez, Teresa Isabel, Estefanía Estévez, Coral M. Velilla, José Martín-Albo y María Luisa Martínez. "Family Communication and Verbal Child-to-Parent Violence among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n.º 22 (16 de noviembre de 2019): 4538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224538.

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In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of reported incidents of child-to-parent violence (CPV); however, this type of intra-family violence remains vastly understudied compared with other forms of family violence. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between family communication and verbal CPV through the mediation of adolescent perceived stress. The sample consisted of 2399 Spanish students of both genders between the ages of 11 and 20 years. Results show that problematic family communication is a risk factor for the presence of verbally abusive behavior towards parents, with a direct and indirect relationship through perceived stress. Open family communication is presented as a protective factor against verbally abusive behavior due to a negative relationship with perceived stress. Results point to a mediating role of perceived stress, which would explain the mechanism which links the quality of family communication to verbal violence towards parents. Implications of these results are discussed.

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25

Lasine, Stuart. "DIVINE NARCISSISM AND YAHWEH'S PARENTING STYLE". Biblical Interpretation 10, n.º 1 (2002): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851502753443281.

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AbstractTheologians like Blumenthal, Brueggemann, and Chastain have recently stressed the abusive and sometimes capricious nature of Yahweh's actions toward his people, at times using studies of present-day child abuse to bolster their case. Predictably, such indictments of Yahweh have met with considerable resistance. This paper assesses the proposed analogy between Yahweh's behavior and that of abusive parents, by making more extensive use of the psychological literature on child abuse and trauma. The discussion also moves in a new direction, by employing recent research on narcissistic parenting to analyze Yahweh's behavior as father (and mother) to his "special" child Israel and his unique son Job. Passages in which Yahweh is said to love or hate his human children are examined in terms of psychological studies of parental ambivalence, narcissism and emotional "splitting." The final section of the paper examines the relationship between Yahweh's own lack of a family history and his narcissism, in part by comparing the unique and parentless divine king Yahweh with the Egyptian god Amun. The paper concludes by contrasting the single parent Yahweh with Assmann's characterization of ancient polytheisms, and asking whether monotheism itself is the most dramatic example of divine royal narcissism.

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26

Biron, Dean. "Where the action is …: … in this edition, the Queensland Police Service: Preventing shaking injuries in infants: A brief communication". Children Australia 29, n.º 4 (2004): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200006192.

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Fifty-two (52) cases of infant abusive head trauma (IAHT), investigated by the Queensland Police Service over a ten-year period, were examined for information on victim and offender demographics. The study revealed a mean age of 2.6 months for victims of assaults categorised as involving a shaking-type mechanism, indicating that the youngest infants are particularly susceptible to that form of injury. It was further demonstrated that abusive injuries are most likely to be caused by a primary caregiver, such as a biological or step-parent. It is thus hypothesised that to assist in prevention, some form of written caution on the dangers of infant shaking should be provided to all parents immediately prior to their child's departure from the maternity ward.

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27

Ware, Lisa M., Beverly L. Fortson y Cheryl B. McNeil. "Parent-child interaction therapy: A promising intervention for abusive families." Behavior Analyst Today 3, n.º 4 (2003): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0099993.

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28

Covington, Chandice Y. "INFLUENCE OF ABUSIVE PARENTING PEDIGREE ON PARENT CRY PERCEPTION AND POTENTIAL FOR ABUSE. † 603". Pediatric Research 39 (abril de 1996): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199604001-00624.

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29

Haskett, Mary E., Susan Smith Scott, Michael Willoughby, Lisa Ahern y Kennard Nears. "The Parent Opinion Questionnaire and Child Vignettes for Use with Abusive Parents: Assessment of Psychometric Properties". Journal of Family Violence 21, n.º 2 (febrero de 2006): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-005-9010-2.

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30

Gopaul-McNicol, Sharon-Ann. "Ethnocultural perspectives on childrearing practices in the Caribbean". International Social Work 42, n.º 1 (enero de 1999): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087289904200108.

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Given the recent increase in allegations of child abuse in the Caribbean community, the influence of sociocultural factors on various aspects of behavior including childrearing practices needs to be examined. Evidently, cultural differences substantially add to the existing complexity of defining maltreatment, neglect or abuse. Recommendations for researchers and clinicians who work with Caribbean families are elucidated with respect to disciplinary practices. The focus of this article is to help clinicians not to erroneously diagnose a parent as abusive when he or she is, in the eyes of that culture, merely disciplining the child.

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31

Dujmović, Ana. "Odnos instituta stvarnoga korisnika i načela zabrane zlouporabe prava u europskom poreznom pravu". Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 41, n.º 1 (2020): 353–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.41.1.16.

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Article deals with overview and some implications of European Court of Justice's (CJEU) judgments in Danish Beneficial Ownership cases. In six jointed cases, right to witholding tax exemption, according to EU Interest and Royalties Directive (IRD) and Parent and Subsidiary Directive (PSD) in cases of abusive tax practices, has been questioned. Among other things, within two judgments, CJEU puts special attention to the relationship between beneficial ownership concept and general EU principle of abuse of law. By specifying the concept of the beneficial ownership in detail, relying heavily on OECD’s guidelines and international tax practice, and providing specific indicia for identifying abusive practices, the Court brings these two concepts into the relationship of interplay. Furthermore, by interpreting the EU general abuse of law principle, CJEU eliminates the need for national or treaty-based anti-abuse provisions, by which, in fact, confirms the principle of the prohibition of abusive tax practices as a direct expression of the general legal principle of abuse of law. In addition to making a further step in the development of this principle in Union law, the paper will show that the new, or upgraded, mechanism presented by these judgments represents logical sequence of the trend and doctrine developed by earlier Court judgments, but at the same time a clear indication of the Union's political commitment in the fight against international tax avoidance.

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32

Altman, R. L., J. Canter, P. A. Patrick, N. Daley, N. K. Butt y D. A. Brand. "Parent Education by Maternity Nurses and Prevention of Abusive Head Trauma". PEDIATRICS 128, n.º 5 (24 de octubre de 2011): e1164-e1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-3260.

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33

Heintzelman, Carol A. "Changing the Abusive Parent and Violence in the Home: Interdisciplinary Perspectives". Health & Social Work 12, n.º 4 (1987): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/12.4.311.

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Wasserman, Sidney. "The abusive, unloveable parent of the abused and sexually assaulted child". Practice 2, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1988): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09503158808416998.

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35

Ibabe, Izaskun y Joana Jaureguizar. "Child-to-parent violence: Profile of abusive adolescents and their families". Journal of Criminal Justice 38, n.º 4 (julio de 2010): 616–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.04.034.

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36

Deitrich-MacLean, Gay y Tedra Walden. "Distinguishing teaching interactions of physically abusive from nonabusive parent-child dyads". Child Abuse & Neglect 12, n.º 4 (enero de 1988): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(88)90064-6.

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37

Lunkenheimer, Erika, Alex Busuito, Kayla M. Brown y Elizabeth A. Skowron. "Mother–Child Coregulation of Parasympathetic Processes Differs by Child Maltreatment Severity and Subtype". Child Maltreatment 23, n.º 3 (11 de enero de 2018): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559517751672.

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Parasympathetic processes appear to underlie maladaptive parent–child interactions in maltreating families, but it is unknown whether parent–child coregulation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) differs by child maltreatment severity and subtype. RSA coregulation in maltreating and nonmaltreating mother–child dyads ( N = 146; age 3–5 years) during two dyadic tasks was analyzed using dynamic time series modeling. Nonmaltreating dyads showed positive RSA concordance but maltreating dyads (when examined as one group) did not. However, when examined separately by subtype, physically abusive dyads showed positive concordance and neglectful dyads no concordance, in dyadic RSA. Patterns were further modified by maltreatment severity, which predicted discordant RSA (one partner’s RSA predicting decreases in the other’s) in both groups. Specifically, higher physical abuse severity predicted lower resting child RSA, declining mother RSA over time, and mother RSA predicting declines in child RSA over time, suggesting a mother-driven dyadic stress response. Higher neglect severity predicted increasing child RSA over time and child RSA predicting declines in mother RSA over time, suggesting a child-driven maternal stress response. These findings show there are distinct patterns of RSA coregulation in nonmaltreating, physically abusive, and neglectful mother–child dyads, which may inform etiology and intervention with respect to stress regulation in maltreating families.

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38

Collings, Steven J. y Brigitte M. M. P. Bodill. "Methodological Issues in Research on Child Sexual Abuse Attributions". South African Journal of Psychology 33, n.º 3 (agosto de 2003): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630303300305.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate methodological influences in research on child sexual abuse attributions. Two hundred and forty respondents were exposed to a newspaper report of a child sexual abuse incident. Methodological influences on attributional thinking were assessed using a 2 (population: university students vs. general population) x 2 (lexical description of abuse: the language of abusive vs. consensual sexual activity) x 2 (probe questions: closed vs. open-ended) factorial design with attributions of culpability being entered as dependent measures. The results showed that respondents were significantly more likely to attribute some degree of culpability: (a) to the victim when closed probe questions were used, when the language of consensual sexual activity was used to describe the abuse, and when the respondent was a university student; (b) to the offender when closed probe questions were used; (c) to the non-offending parent when closed probe questions were used and when respondents were drawn from the general population; and (d) to society in general when closed probe questions were used, when ‘abusive’ language was used to describe the abuse incident, and when respondents were drawn from the general population.

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39

Howarth, Emma, Theresa HM Moore, Nicky J. Welton, Natalia Lewis, Nicky Stanley, Harriet MacMillan, Alison Shaw, Marianne Hester, Peter Bryden y Gene Feder. "IMPRoving Outcomes for children exposed to domestic ViolencE (IMPROVE): an evidence synthesis". Public Health Research 4, n.º 10 (diciembre de 2016): 1–342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr04100.

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BackgroundExposure to domestic violence and abuse (DVA) during childhood and adolescence increases the risk of negative outcomes across the lifespan.ObjectivesTo synthesise evidence on the clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of interventions for children exposed to DVA, with the aim of making recommendations for further research.Design(1) A systematic review of controlled trials of interventions; (2) a systematic review of qualitative studies of participant and professional experience of interventions; (3) a network meta-analysis (NMA) of controlled trials and cost-effectiveness analysis; (4) an overview of current UK provision of interventions; and (5) consultations with young people, parents, service providers and commissioners.SettingsNorth America (11), the Netherlands (1) and Israel (1) for the systematic review of controlled trials of interventions; the USA (4) and the UK (1) for the systematic review of qualitative studies of participant and professional experience of interventions; and the UK for the overview of current UK provision of interventions and consultations with young people, parents, service providers and commissioners.ParticipantsA total of 1345 children for the systematic review of controlled trials of interventions; 100 children, 202 parents and 39 professionals for the systematic review of qualitative studies of participant and professional experience of interventions; and 16 young people, six parents and 20 service providers and commissioners for the consultation with young people, parents, service providers and commissioners.InterventionsPsychotherapeutic, advocacy, parenting skills and advocacy, psychoeducation, psychoeducation and advocacy, guided self-help.Main outcome measuresInternalising symptoms and externalising behaviour, mood, depression symptoms and diagnosis, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and self-esteem for the systematic review of controlled trials of interventions and NMA; views about and experience of interventions for the systematic review of qualitative studies of participant and professional experience of interventions and consultations.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Science Citation Index, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Social Services Abstracts, Social Care Online, Sociological Abstracts, Social Science Citation Index, World Health Organization trials portal and clinicaltrials.gov.Review methodsA narrative review; a NMA and incremental cost-effectiveness analysis; and a qualitative synthesis.ResultsThe evidence base on targeted interventions was small, with limited settings and types of interventions; children were mostly < 14 years of age, and there was an absence of comparative studies. The interventions evaluated in trials were mostly psychotherapeutic and psychoeducational interventions delivered to the non-abusive parent and child, usually based on the child’s exposure to DVA (not specific clinical or broader social needs). Qualitative studies largely focused on psychoeducational interventions, some of which included the abusive parent. The evidence for clinical effectiveness was as follows: 11 trials reported improvements in behavioural or mental health outcomes, with modest effect sizes but significant heterogeneity and high or unclear risk of bias. Psychoeducational group-based interventions delivered to the child were found to be more effective for improving mental health outcomes than other types of intervention. Interventions delivered to (non-abusive) parents and to children were most likely to be effective for improving behavioural outcomes. However, there is a large degree of uncertainty around comparisons, particularly with regard to mental health outcomes. In terms of evidence of cost-effectiveness, there were no economic studies of interventions. Cost-effectiveness was modelled on the basis of the NMA, estimating differences between types of interventions. The outcomes measured in trials were largely confined to children’s mental health and behavioural symptoms and disorders, although stakeholders’ concepts of success were broader, suggesting that a broader range of outcomes should be measured in trials. Group-based psychoeducational interventions delivered to children and non-abusive parents in parallel were largely acceptable to all stakeholders. There is limited evidence for the acceptability of other types of intervention. In terms of the UK evidence base and service delivery landscape, there were no UK-based trials, few qualitative studies and little widespread service evaluation. Most programmes are group-based psychoeducational interventions. However, the funding crisis in the DVA sector is significantly undermining programme delivery.ConclusionsThe evidence base regarding the acceptability, clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve outcomes for children exposed to DVA is underdeveloped. There is an urgent need for more high-quality studies, particularly trials, that are designed to produce actionable, generalisable findings that can be implemented in real-world settings and that can inform decisions about which interventions to commission and scale. We suggest that there is a need to pause the development of new interventions and to focus on the systematic evaluation of existing programmes. With regard to the UK, we have identified three types of programme that could be justifiably prioritised for further study: psycho-education delivered to mothers and children, or children alone; parent skills training in combination with advocacy: and interventions involving the abusive parent/caregiver. We also suggest that there is need for key stakeholders to come together to explicitly identify and address the structural, practical and cultural barriers that may have hampered the development of the UK evidence base to date.Future work recommendationsThere is a need for well-designed, well-conducted and well-reported UK-based randomised controlled trials with cost-effectiveness analyses and nested qualitative studies. Development of consensus in the field about core outcome data sets is required. There is a need for further exploration of the acceptability and effectiveness of interventions for specific groups of children and young people (i.e. based on ethnicity, age, trauma exposure and clinical profile). There is also a need for an investigation of the context in which interventions are delivered, including organisational setting and the broader community context, and the evaluation of qualities, qualifications and disciplines of personnel delivering interventions. We recommend prioritisation of psychoeducational interventions and parent skills training delivered in combination with advocacy in the next phase of trials, and exploratory trials of interventions that engage both the abusive and the non-abusive parent.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42013004348 and PROSPERO CRD420130043489.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.

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Dias, Mark S., Carroll M. Rottmund, Kelly M. Cappos, Marie E. Reed, Ming Wang, Christina Stetter, Michele L. Shaffer et al. "Association of a Postnatal Parent Education Program for Abusive Head Trauma With Subsequent Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma Hospitalization Rates". JAMA Pediatrics 171, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2017): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.4218.

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Urquiza, Anthony J. y Cheryl Bodiford McNeil. "Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: An Intensive Dyadic Intervention for Physically Abusive Families". Child Maltreatment 1, n.º 2 (mayo de 1996): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559596001002005.

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GODDARD, CHRISTOPHER R. y JANET R. STANLEY. "Viewing the Abusive Parent and the Abused Child as Captor and Hostage". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 9, n.º 2 (junio de 1994): 258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088626094009002008.

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Rosenthal, Ted L., David Muram, Elizabeth A. Tolley, Bridget Dorko y Judy Brown. "Sexually Abused Youngsters' Reactions Toward Abusive and Nonabusive Parent Figures and Kin". Journal of Sex Education and Therapy 17, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1991): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01614576.1991.11074018.

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Batzer, Stephanie, Teresa Berg, Meripa T. Godinet y Rebecca L. Stotzer. "Efficacy or Chaos? Parent–Child Interaction Therapy in Maltreating Populations: A Review of Research". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 19, n.º 1 (9 de diciembre de 2015): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838015620819.

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Child abuse remains a serious and expensive social problem in the United States. Few evidence-based treatments (EBTs) exist for at-risk families and/or maltreating families where neglect or abuse has occurred, limiting the ability of social service agencies to comply with legislative mandates to use EBTs with clients. One promising intervention, parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT), has been tested in 11 separate trials with this population. This review of research on PCIT with abusive adults found that overall PCIT is an appropriate, efficacious intervention method to prevent future maltreatment by targeting parenting skills and child externalizing behaviors. These findings must be taken with caution, since the key factor to determine efficacy is completion of treatment, and all the studies involved showed significant problems with sample attrition. While the current studies are promising, there is a need for research that focuses on measuring parental sensitivity and attachment levels, explores use in the foster and adoptive communities, and studies that use tertiary subjects to serve as unbiased reporters of perceived levels of behavioral changes.

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Gupta, Meenu y Sukhminder Kaur. "Adolescent Perceptions and Extent of Abusive Parenting in Single Parent and Intact Families". Journal of Social Sciences 21, n.º 2 (noviembre de 2009): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2009.11892761.

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Ruffing, Elizabeth J. "Fifth Amendment: Preventing an Abusive Parent from Hiding behind the Self-Incrimination Privilege". Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 81, n.º 4 (1991): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1143732.

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Wilson, Steven R. "Developing Planning Perspectives to Explain Parent-Child Interaction Patterns in Physically Abusive Families". Communication Theory 10, n.º 2 (mayo de 2000): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2000.tb00190.x.

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Kong, J. "CARING FOR ABUSIVE PARENT AND MENTAL HEALTH: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SELF-ESTEEM". Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (30 de junio de 2017): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.4395.

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Rodriguez, Christina M., Paul J. Silvia, Samantha Gonzalez y Maria-Ernestina Christl. "Disentangling the Cycle: Potential Mediators and Moderators in the Intergenerational Transmission of Parent–Child Aggression". Child Maltreatment 23, n.º 3 (22 de abril de 2018): 254–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559518767571.

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Although a cycle of harsh and abusive parenting has been recognized for decades, this cycle is not inevitable. Indeed, the mechanisms underlying such patterns, and the resources parents may access to disrupt this cycle, require further study. Research investigating those processes has either relied on cross-sectional designs or largely assessed mediators or moderators at one time point. The current investigation of parent–child aggression (PCA) risk utilized a longitudinal design to consider possible mediators and moderators across three time points. Mothers and fathers reported on their personal history of physical and psychological abuse during the last trimester of the mother’s pregnancy; their PCA risk was assessed concurrently when their child was 6 months and when their child was 18 months. Current findings support several mediators for mothers, although fewer for fathers, prenatally, but mediation was not observed across time. Similarly, several moderators of the effect of personal history of physical and psychological aggression on PCA risk were identified prenatally but not across time. Thus, several qualities believed to account for, or mitigate, the intergenerational transmission of PCA may not be consistent—underscoring the continued need to identify factors that account for the cyclical process versus what may interrupt intergenerational transmission.

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Lutenbacher, Melanie. "Psychometric Assessment of the Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory in a Sample of Low-Income Single Mothers". Journal of Nursing Measurement 9, n.º 3 (enero de 2001): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.9.3.291.

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The Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI) is a 32-item inventory widely used to identify adolescents and adults at risk for inadequate parenting behaviors. It includes four subscales representing the most frequent patterns associated with abusive parenting: (a) Inappropriate Expectations; (b) Lack of Empathy; (c) Parental Value of Corporal Punishment; and (d) Parent-Child Role Reversal. Although it has been used in a variety of samples, the psychometric properties of the AAPI have not been examined in low-income single mothers. The purposes of this study were to: (a) examine the reliability and validity of the Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI) in a sample of 206 low-income single mothers; (b) assess the mother’s risk for inadequate parenting by comparing their AAPI subscale scores with normative subscale scores on the AAPI; (c) assess the construct validity of the AAPI by testing the hypothesis that mothers with lower AAPI scores have a higher level of depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem in comparison to mothers with higher AAPI scores; and (d) determine whether the 4-factor structure proposed by Bavolek (1984) could be replicated. AAPI scores indicated these mothers were at high risk for child abuse when compared with normative data for parents with no known history of abuse. Higher risk for abusive parenting was associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms, less education, and unemployment. The subscales, Inappropriate Expectations and Parental Value of Corporal Punishment demonstrated poor internal consistency with Cronbach’s alphas of .40 and .54, respectively. Hypothesis testing supported the construct validity of the AAPI. Bavolek’s 4-factor structure was not supported. A 19-item modified version of the AAPI with three dimensions was identified. This modified version of the AAPI may provide a more efficacious tool for use with low-income single mothers.

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