Literatura académica sobre el tema "Accessibility metrics"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Accessibility metrics"
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Nieminen, Tomi. "Conformal metrics and boundary accessibility". Illinois Journal of Mathematics 53, n.º 1 (2009): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/ijm/1264170837.
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Zhang, Weihua. "Factors of Accessibility Metrics and Research Progress". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 69 (6 de noviembre de 2023): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v69i.11847.
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Accessibility studies are an important concept in urban transport systems and play an important role in human geography and regional economic studies. Due to the abstract nature of the concept of accessibility, it is easy to have a one-sided understanding and ambiguous knowledge of accessibility. In order to understand accessibility accurately, this paper summarize the concept of accessibility and its influencing factors. In addition, as accessibility research deepens, accessibility measurement methods and application areas are expanding, and this paper classifies different measurement methods and discusses their advantages, disadvantages and applications. The following conclusions are drawn: firstly, according to the needs of the research object and the characteristics of the facilities, the factors influencing accessibility are divided into four types of factors: transport system factors, land resource use, time description and individual characteristics; secondly, according to the purpose and conditions of the research, the broad categories of accessibility research methods can be divided into three types: metrics based on mathematical statistics, metrics based on geometric networks and metrics based on topological networks; thirdly, different Thirdly, different accessibility research methods have different scope of application, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. In the future, accessibility research can be improved in four directions: spatial-temporal research, adoption of appropriate accessibility methods to avoid model shortcomings, research on topological metrics and construction of a perfect accessibility metric system. In this paper, the concept of spatial accessibility and the accessibility metrics of public service facilities in existing research are reviewed, and the different methods used are compared and analyzed, in the hope of providing assistances in the knowledge and selection of relevant research methods.
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Zahedi Nooghabi, Mahdi y Akram Fathian Dastgerdi. "Proposed metrics for data accessibility in the context of linked open data". Program 50, n.º 2 (4 de abril de 2016): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prog-01-2015-0007.
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Purpose – One of the most important categories in linked open data (LOD) quality models is “data accessibility.” The purpose of this paper is to propose some metrics and indicators for assessing data accessibility in LOD and the semantic web context. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, at first the authors consider some data quality and LOD quality models to review proposed subcategories for data accessibility dimension in related texts. Then, based on goal question metric (GQM) approach, the authors specify the project goals, main issues and some questions. Finally, the authors propose some metrics for assessing the data accessibility in the context of the semantic web. Findings – Based on GQM approach, the authors determined three main issues for data accessibility, including data availability, data performance, and data security policy. Then the authors created four main questions related to these issues. As a conclusion, the authors proposed 27 metrics for measuring these questions. Originality/value – Nowadays, one of the main challenges regarding data quality is the lack of agreement on widespread quality metrics and practical instruments for evaluating quality. Accessibility is an important aspect of data quality. However, few researches have been done to provide metrics and indicators for assessing data accessibility in the context of the semantic web. So, in this research, the authors consider the data accessibility dimension and propose a comparatively comprehensive set of metrics.
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Sakkas, Nikos y Juan Pérez. "Elaborating metrics for the accessibility of buildings". Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 30, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2006): 661–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2005.06.002.
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McCahill, Chris, Saumya Jain y Michael Brenneis. "Comparative assessment of accessibility metrics across the U.S." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 83 (junio de 2020): 102328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102328.
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KWATRA, Divya, Kalaga Ramachandra RAO y Vasudha BHATNAGAR. "NOVEL ACCESSIBILITY METRICS BASED ON HIERARCHICAL DECOMPOSITION OF TRANSPORT NETWORKS". Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 118 (1 de marzo de 2023): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2023.118.10.
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Scientific analysis of public transport systems at the urban, regional, and national levels is vital in this contemporary, highly connected world. Quantifying the accessibility of nodes (locations) in a transport network is considered a holistic measure of transportation and land use and an important research area. In recent years, complex networks have been employed for modeling and analyzing the topology of transport systems and services networks. However, the design of network hierarchy-based accessibility measures has not been fully explored in transport research. Thus, we propose a set of three novel accessibility metrics based on the k-core decomposition of the transport network. Core-based accessibility metrics leverage the network topology by eliciting the hierarchy while accommodating variations like travel cost, travel time, distance, and frequency of service as edge weights. The proposed metrics quantify the accessibility of nodes at different geographical scales, ranging from local to global. We use these metrics to compute the accessibility of geographical locations connected by air transport services in India. Finally, we show that the measures are responsive to changes in the topology of the transport network by analyzing the changes in accessibility for the domestic air services network for both pre-covid and post-covid times.
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Mossoux, Sophie, Matthieu Kervyn y Frank Canters. "Assessing the impact of road segment obstruction on accessibility of critical services in case of a hazard". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, n.º 6 (26 de junio de 2019): 1251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1251-2019.
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Abstract. Development of hazard maps is one of the measures promoted by the international community to reduce risk. Hazard maps provide information about the probability of given areas to be affected by one or several hazards. As such they are useful tools to evaluate risk and support the development of safe policies. So far studies combining hazard mapping with accessibility to services are few. In hazardous environments, accessibility of the population to strategic infrastructure is important because emergency services and goods will principally be offered at or provided from these locations. If a road segment is blocked by a hazard, accessibility to services may be affected, or worse, people may be completely disconnected from specific services. The importance of each road segment in the transport network as a connecting element enabling access to relevant services is therefore critical information for the authorities. In this study, we propose a new application of hazard mapping which aims to define the importance of each road segment in the accessibility to services, taking into account the probability of being affected by a hazard. By iteratively removing one segment after the other from the road network, changes in accessibility to critical infrastructure are evaluated. Two metrics of road segment importance considering the population affected and the hazard probability are calculated for each segment: a road accessibility risk metric and a users' path vulnerability metric. Visualization of these road metrics is a useful way of valuing hazard maps and may help to support discussions about the development of new infrastructure, road capacity increase and maintenance of existing infrastructures, and evacuation procedures.
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Ma, Minghao. "A Review of Urban Green Space Accessibility Research". Advances in Economics and Management Research 12, n.º 1 (26 de octubre de 2024): 536. https://doi.org/10.56028/aemr.12.1.536.2024.
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Green space accessibility metrics, green space quality assessment methods, and green space equity assessment methods used in existing studies are sorted out and summarized. The green space accessibility measures compare the basic principles, metrics, advantages, and disadvantages of different methods in terms of mathematical statistics, topological networks, and geometric networks. The green space quality assessment methods include a review of common single-indicator, multi-indicator, and multi-indicator system construction methods.
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Ekkel, E. Dinand y Sjerp de Vries. "Nearby green space and human health: Evaluating accessibility metrics". Landscape and Urban Planning 157 (enero de 2017): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.06.008.
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Capasso Da Silva, Denise, David A. King y Shea Lemar. "Accessibility in Practice: 20-Minute City as a Sustainability Planning Goal". Sustainability 12, n.º 1 (23 de diciembre de 2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010129.
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Cities can enhance their sustainability planning by prioritizing accessibility as a performance metric for transportation planning. In this context, accessibility measures the ease of reaching opportunities and captures more characteristics of sustainable cities than the more conventionally used mobility metrics, focusing on the overall ability to move and generally recommending faster speeds to overcome distance. However, how cities can prioritize accessibility in planning is understudied. This research presents a case of Tempe, Arizona, putting accessibility into practice through a 20-min lens. Using a 20-min threshold for all modes, the city aims to promote travel for daily activities that is less reliant on private autos. The analysis presented here documents the challenges that planners face when planning for accessibility. The challenges range from technical points to decisions that need to be made about the quality of the built environment. The analysis also shows that Tempe, which is a classically suburban city of wide roads and single-family homes that was built around the automobile, is highly accessible by a 20-min metric by bicycling, walking and transit. These results suggest that planners focus on street network improvements that prioritize accessibility as part of a sustainability strategy.
Tesis sobre el tema "Accessibility metrics"
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Michailidou, Eleni. "Visual complexity rankings and accessibility metrics". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525989.
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Stewart, Anson F. (Anson Forest). "Visualizing urban accessibility metrics for incremental bus rapid transit projects". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92057.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 135-144).
As cities worldwide grow, their residents must be able to traverse urban space in order to access employment, social services, recreation, and other critical activities. Urban accessibility reflects the ease of such access with respect to locations within a city, and it is largely dependent on the city's land use and transport systems. A variety of urban accessibility metrics have been proposed to guide urban policy and planning, but they have not been implemented systematically. Better understood and more widely adopted accessibility measures could help guide complex land use and multimodal transportation planning processes toward more eective and equitable outcomes. Such measures represent a signicant departure from the facility, maintenance, and mobility priorities that dominate transportation planning today, opening possibilities for new approaches. In particular, a clearer focus on accessibility could help prioritize and inform the design of bus rapid transit (BRT) projects, which tend to include dierent potential streetscape, transport, and network improvement options across a wide range of geographic and temporal scales. This thesis aims to develop a participatory framework built on an open-source, web-based toolkit that transit advocates and planners can use to visualize how urban design and operational characteristics of dierent incremental BRT scenarios might affect access at a personal level and accessibility at a regional level. Such visualizations can encompass the interaction of these scenarios with pedestrian, local bus, and rail connectivity, as well as regional land use. Built on Open Trip Planner Analyst and other web-based civic engagement platforms, as well as open data such as transit information in the general transit feed specification (GTFS) format, this toolkit is applied to transit performance and accessibility for example projects in two contexts, Boston and Santiago de Chile. Focus groups with transit advocates and planners were conducted in these two settings to evaluate the proposed toolkit. Members of community-based transit advocacy organizations found the toolkit to be both understandable and able to represent some of their key concerns; professional planners thought the toolkit could help them better understand existing operations and proposed projects. These evaluations suggest that the participatory framework developed around this toolkit could be an eective platform for dialogue between planners and community organizations. By connecting individual perspectives on access with broader accessibility metrics, this framework has the potential to build political will for the adoption of equitable accessibility indicators as decision-making metrics.
by Anson F. Stewart.
M.C.P.
S.M. in Transportation
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Freire, André Pimenta. "Acessibilidade no desenvolvimento de sistemas web: um estudo sobre o cenário brasileiro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-06052008-101644/.
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A universalização do acesso ao conteúdo disponibilizado em sistemas Web tem se tornado crucial para que todas as pessoas, independente de deficiências ou de outras restrições possam ter acesso a ele. Diversos estudos indicam que, apesar da instituição de leis federais sobre acessibilidade para conteúdo Web em diversos países, muitos sítios ainda apresentam problemas. A falta de conscientização das pessoas envolvidas em projetos de desenvolvimento Web sobre a acessibilidade e a não utilização de técnicas adequadas para desenvolvimento de aplicações têm um impacto considerável sobre a acessibilidade. Levantamentos foram realizados com o objetivo de identificar características dos desenvolvedores sobre o conhecimento e uso de técnicas para acessibilidade. Entretanto, os estudos realizados investigaram somente o uso de um conjunto restrito de técnicas e, além disso, também não investigaram a correlação entre as respostas obtidas pelos participantes e o nível de acessibilidade das páginas desenvolvidas por eles. Neste trabalho, propõe-se efetuar um levantamento sobre a percepção de acessibilidade e uso de técnicas para desenvolvimento de sistemas Web considerando acessibilidade com pessoas envolvidas em projetos de desenvolvimento Web no Brasil de diferentes áreas de atuação. Este levantamento foi acompanhado de avaliações de acessibilidade automatizadas com uso de métricas sobre sítios desenvolvidos pelos participantes, para verificar a influência dos fatores investigados na acessibilidade dos sítios e na percepção de acessibilidade dos participantes. O levantamento realizado contou com a participação de 613 participantes de todo o Brasil. Os resultados indicaram que no Brasil a percepção da acessibilidade por pessoas que participam de projetos de desenvolvimento Web ainda é bastante limitada. Mais do que promover o treinamento das pessoas envolvidas em projetos sobre questões técnicas, é necessário promover maior conscientização sobre a acessibilidade e sobre os problemas que pessoas com diferentes restrições e habilidades enfrentam ao utilizar a Web.Universal access to content in Web based systems is an essential aspect to enable everyone to have access to it, regardless of disabilities or any other restrictions. Several studies indicate that, although federal legislation regarding to Web accessibility have been promulgated in many countries, accessibility is still an issue for many Web sites. The limited awareness of accessibility by people involved in Web development and the lack of appropriate use of development techniques in the development of applications have a deep impact on accessibility. A few surveys have been carried out to identify the main characteristics of Web developers regarding accessibility concepts and techniques for accessibility. However, the studies reported up to this date have only investigated the use of a restricted set of techniques by developers. Besides, they have not addressed the analysis of the correlation between the answers provided by the subjects and the accessibility level of their Web pages. The proposal of the work presented in this master\'s thesis is the development of a survey on the accessibility awareness and on the use of techniques for accessibility by people involved in the development of Web based systems. Automatic metric based accessibility evaluations on the Web sites developed by the subjects were carried out to support the investigation of the impacts that the issues investigated have on the Web pages accessibility and on the accessibility awareness. The survey was answered by 613 subjects from all Brazilian states. The results show that in Brazil the accessibility awareness is still very limited. Training people involved in Web projects on technical issues alone is not enough. It is necessary to promote a wider awareness of accessibility and of the problems people with different restrictions and abilities deal with when using the Web
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Xu, Jinmeng. "Comparing Web Accessibility between Major Retailers and Novelties for E-Commerce". Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Datateknik och informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49001.
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Purpose –Comparing the accessibility of e-commerce for General Merchandise, between major retailers and novelties, in the conformance of web accessibility guidelines, and the implementation of rich internet applications specifications. So that to figure out whether the differences exist between them, if so, what are the differences, and analyzing upcoming e-commerce and established e-commerce. Method – The descriptive and quantitative case studies were used to evaluated 45 websites respectively from major retailers and novelties in General Merchandise of e-commerce, where sample websites were selected from Alexa’s rank lists. Then the WAVE tool, Accessibility Quantitative Metric (WAQM), and Fona assessment were applied for analyzing cases for representing the accessibilities and answering the research questions of purpose. Findings – ARIA specifications as a kind of technological solution really had positive functions on web accessibility when only focusing on accessibility guidelines, because the novelty websites with less ARIA attributes resulting in lower accessibility levels generally, even though there were also many other elements that can affect accessibility. Implications – In the main branch of General Merchandise, the degree of web accessibility in major retailer websites was better than that in novelties, which means as far as e-commerce is concerned, the accessibility of mature websites that had been established for a long time was contemporarily stronger than that of new websites with creative products. Limitations – From the perspective of the sample, there were limitations in sample sources, size, websites languages, while in the technical aspect, the evaluation of dynamic contents just aims at keyboard navigation, and the tool of Fona assessment also had restrictions.
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Youssoufi, Samy. "Satisfaction résidentielle et configurations spatiales en milieu périurbain". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00903526.
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Depuis les années 1960, les villes françaises sont soumises à un processus d'étalement urbain. Cet étalement se traduit par l'émergence d'une catégorie d'espace située à l'interface entre la ville et la campagne : le périurbain. Les caractéristiques sociales, urbanistiques, ou liées aux pratiques spatiales de ses habitants confèrent au périurbain une singularité et une spécificité propres. Il s'agit d'un espace de contradiction qui attire à la fois en raison du cadre de vie plutôt " naturel " qu'il offre aux ménages, mais également en raison de sa proximité avec la ville et des potentialités liées à l'accessibilité à diverses aménités urbaines.Pour comprendre plus finement cet engouement pour le périurbain, cette thèse propose d'explorer la relation individu-environnement résidentiel sous l'angle de la satisfaction que retirent les individus de leur cadre de vie. Il s'agit de mettre en relation une information de nature cognitive avec une information de nature spatiale. En modélisant chacune de ces composantes par l'utilisation d'indicateurs spécifiques, divers modèles statistiques sont mobilisés pour mettre en lumière les attributs spatiaux du cadre de vie susceptibles d'avoir une influence sur la satisfaction des individus.L'approche modélisatrice est centrale dans la démarche suivie. Après voir mené une enquête de satisfaction sur plus d'un millier de ménages vivant dans un secteur périurbain de Besançon, la démarche s'est attelée à construire des indicateurs en vue de caractériser deux types d'aménités de leur environnement résidentiel : le paysage et l'accessibilité aux commerces et services. Chacune de ces aménités est ensuite intégrée dans des modèles statistiques permettant d'évaluer leur contribution dans le degré de satisfaction du ménage.La démarche, essentiellement modélisatrice et exploratoire, offre toutefois des perspectives intéressantes dans le domaine de l'aménagement du territoire et de la planification urbaine. En ayant recours à des modèles simples et reproductibles, il s'agit de d'établir des documents cartographiques décrivant le potentiel de satisfaction à grande échelle.
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Alahmadi, Tahani J. "A Multi-method Evaluation of Website Accessibility: Foregrounding User-centred Design, Data Mining and Using a Quantitative Metric". Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/389683.
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Accessibility evaluation is an important equity-oriented step in assessing the effectiveness and usefulness of online learning materials for users with disabilities. The popular uptake of blended and online learning warrants an assessment of the accessibility of university web-based systems. Previous studies indicated that such systems have become gradually inaccessible as the complexity of their content increases, yet higher education institutions continue to pay minimal attention to this issue. Administrators of university websites and companies that develop learning management systems usually focus on conforming to specific accessibility standards, such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1. The problem is that the systems of these institutions extensively feature media and document files, thereby necessitating more than mere adherence to common principles for users with disabilities to efficiently interact with the systems.
The development of an efficient accessibility evaluation method for dynamic web-based systems poses a significant challenge to researchers. In this regard, the main shortcomings that were addressed in this thesis are as follows: (1) The creation of accessible and usable questionnaire statements to be answered by disabled groups. (2) The limitations of accessibility evaluations carried out through automated and human-directed approaches. (3) The assignment of fixed weights to accessibility problems without consideration for the prioritisation of each problem encountered by disabled populations. (4) The lack of a technique for validating the results of human and automated assessments. (5) The occurrence of false negative and false positive accessibility problems during evaluations performed by automated tools. (6) The insufficient quality of descriptive texts or captions for non-textual elements. (7) The absence of accessibility values for uploaded files, such as Word, PowerPoint, PDF, image and video files, in a quantitative metric. (8) The shortage of initiatives in highlighting potential influencing factors for accessibility evaluation by users. (9) The failure of current standards to categorise accessibility issues on the basis of disability characteristics and system features.
The outcomes of this research are expected to influence the types of information incorporated into evaluated systems and the development plans formulated for such platforms. They should also drive universities to institute adequate mechanisms that increase accessibility awareness among developers and educators. All the data collected through the multi-evaluation method put forward in this work can serve as reference in the design of a quantitative metric intended to identify accessibility values for users with visual and hearing disabilities. The ultimate goal of the proposed approach is to enable the construction of fully accessible systems that simultaneously facilitate the creation of accessible content by end-users, such as educators.
To the above-mentioned ends, this study involved measuring and analysing the accessibility of university web-based systems used by visually and hearing-impaired groups. The measurement and analysis, which covered the accessibility of image, video and document files, were aimed at casting light on the influence of university web-based systems on content accessibility for vision-, hearing- and vision–hearing-impaired individuals. They were also meant to elucidate how developers, educators and universities implement accessibility principles with respect to the usability of system webpages and uploaded files. A model for accessibility evaluation was developed in accordance with a multi-method approach, the characteristics of disabled groups and the features of university systems. The model considers subjective and objective measurements. The subjective evaluation conforms to user-centred design (UCD) theory and embodies a design informed by usability and accessibility statements derived from state-of-the-art questionnaires and standards. The specific foundational materials for this evaluation are WCAG 2.0, the Software Usability Measurement Inventory, the IBM Usability Evaluation, Section 508 and PDF and MS Office standards. The objective evaluation entails the use of automated tools, human judgement and a quantitative metric (A3). Mining techniques (NaiveBayes, BayesNet, JRip and J48) were likewise carried out in developing the evaluation.
The core end-products of this thesis are strategies for ranking and prioritising accessibility problems, a UCD theory-grounded estimation approach to the weighing of each accessibility problem by system users with visual and hearing impairments (subjective evaluation), a list of accessibility problems for each checkpoint for webpages as well as image, video, Word, PowerPoint and PDF files and a list of accessible and inaccessible files. Additional insights were drawn from the comparison of the outputs of the automated and human evaluations and the comparison of the number of accessible and inaccessible instances identified via data mining techniques as validation for the results of the human evaluations and vice versa. In the end, accessibility values for visually and hearing-impaired groups were determined by integrating all the evaluation findings as regards webpages, images, videos and Word, PowerPoint and PDF files and then by computing the developed Accessibility Metric of Web-based system including uploaded files (AMWSUF) (objective evaluation). The results showed that the overall accessibility values of university web-based systems were low. The accessibility value for the visually impaired users was 0.88, indicating that 88% of the examined university webpages (including uploaded files) were inaccessible for this population. The accessibility value for the hearing-impaired users was 0.42, denoting that 42% of the webpages (including uploaded files) were inaccessible for this group. The group with visual disabilities faced web access challenges in interacting with such critical systems, while the hearing-impaired group was confronted with difficulties relating to videos and audio files, which are popular content replete with usability problems.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Info & Comm Tech
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Galassi, Luquezi Leonardo. "Including everyday mobility and activities with agent-based models when assessing noise exposure at the metropolitan scale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025LEMA1004.
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Le bruit environnemental est un problème majeur dans les zones urbaines en raison de ses effets sanitaires et de ses coûts sociaux et économiques. Selon l'Organisation mondiale de la santé, environ un tiers des Européens subissent des gênes liées au bruit environnemental pendant la journée, et environ un cinquième d'entre eux voient leur sommeil gêné par le seul bruit de la circulation routière. Les effets du bruit sur la santé s'intensifient avec l'urbanisation, qui s'accompagne d'une augmentation du nombre et de la diversité des sources de bruit. Dans le but d'établir un cadre juridique pour traiter le bruit dans l'environnement, l'Union européenne a adopté la directive sur le bruit dans l'environnement 2002/49/EC, et formulé une méthode commune d'évaluation du bruit basée sur la modélisation numérique. Cette méthode présente des limites importantes : (1) la localisation des individus est statique, considérée à leur domicile ; (2) l'exposition est estimée sur la base de doses de bruit à long terme, généralement des moyennes énergétiques quotidiennes ou annuelles, négligeant la dynamique détaillée du bruit ; (3) l'évaluation des groupes socio-économiques les plus affectés par le bruit n'est pas systématisée et la population exposée est traitée comme homogène, sans variabilité intra-populationnelle dans les expositions et les réactions au bruit. Parallèlement, une nouvelle génération d'études dans le domaine de la recherche sur la santé environnementale, inspirée par les théories de la géographie temporelle et de l'écologie spatiale, préconise l'intégration de la mobilité et des activités quotidiennes dans la recherche sur la santé publique, afin d'étudier les phénomènes d'exposition en tant que processus spatio-temporel complexes. Une solution pour améliorer l'évaluation de l'exposition au bruit consiste à mettre en œuvre des approches multi-agents, qui simulent un plan d'activité quotidien pour chaque individu (appelé agent) d'une population modélisée sur une période de 24 heures d'un jour de semaine type . Ce cadre de modélisation à l’échelle individuelle estime, pour chaque agent de la modélisation, à la fois la trajectoire spatio-temporelle et les niveaux de bruit rencontrés dans différents contextes d'activité. Cependant, il est très important de comprendre la pertinence de ces évaluations dans le contexte de modèles initialement conçus pour des études de transport. L'objectif initial de ce travail de thèse est donc de situer l'estimation de l'exposition à l'aide de multi-agents par rapport à d'autres méthodologies d'évaluation de l'exposition, en identifiant ses limites, ses points forts et les possibilités d'amélioration. De plus, les connaissances concernant l'utilisation et la formulation d'analyses basées sur ces résultats sont encore limitées. Par conséquent, le deuxième objectif est de développer des cadres d'évaluation, des mesures et des indicateurs innovants dans le contexte des problèmes de bruit urbains contemporains. À cette fin, deux études ont été menées : (a) une évaluation spatio-temporelle de l'accessibilité d'une population aux zones calmes, et (b) une évaluation des zones d'exposition critique au cours de la journée dans le contexte de la formulation de plans d'action contre le bruit. Ces études s'appuient sur un scénario open-source appliqué à l'aire métropolitaine de Lyon et composé de trois outils principaux : EQASim, MATSim et NoiseModelling. EQASim est utilisé pour la modélisation de la population synthétique, de l'attribution des plans d'activité aux agents et de la modélisation des infrastructures et des services de transport. MATSim est utilisé pour la simulation de transport multi-agents utilisant la population synthétique et le système de transport précédemment modélisés par EQASim. Enfin, NoiseModelling permet de caractériser le bruit provenant des différents flux de transport et des sources environnementales. (...)Environmental noise is a major problem to be confronted in urban areas due to its detrimental health outcomes, and social and economic costs. According to the World Health Organization, approximately one-third of Europeans experience environmental noise-related disturbances during the daytime with approximately one-fifth having their sleep disturbed by traffic noise alone. Noise health impacts are intensified with urbanization which is associated with an increase in the diversity of noise sources. With the objective of establishing a legal framework to address environmental noise, the European Union passed the Environmental Noise Directive and formulated a Common Noise Assessment Methods based on numerical modeling. The European method has strong limitations: (1) the location of the individuals is static as it is assumed that individuals are fixed to their homes; (2) the exposure is estimated based on long-term noise doses, usually daily or annual energetic averages, neglecting detailed noise dynamics; (3) the assessment of the socio-economic groups the most affected by noise is not promoted and the exposed population is treated as homogeneous, without intra-population variability in noise reactions. In parallel, a new generation of studies in environmental health research, inspired by the theories of time geography and spatial ecology, advocates for the integration of mobility and everyday activities in public health research to study the exposure phenomena as a complex spatio-temporal process. One solution for improving noise exposure assessments is the implementation of agent-based exposure frameworks. These frameworks simulate an everyday activity plan for each individual of a modeled population over a 24-hours of a typical working weekday. These individual-level exposure assessments allow the estimation of both agents' trajectories and the noise conditions they encounter over different activity contexts. However, it is very important to understand the relevance of these assessments within the context of models initially designed for transport studies. Then, the initial objective of this doctoral thesis is to situate the exposure estimation with agent-based models in relation to other exposure assessment methodologies, identifying its limitations, its strengths, and the avenues for its enhancement. Furthermore, there is still limited knowledge regarding the utilization and formulation of analyses based on these results. Consequently, the second objective is to develop innovative assessment frameworks, metrics, and indicators in the context of contemporary urban noise problems. To this end, two studies have been conducted: (a) a spatio-temporal assessment of the accessibility of a population to quiet areas, and (b) an assessment of critical exposure areas over the clock in the context of formulating Noise Action Plans. These studies rely on an open-source scenario applied to the Lyon Metropolitan Area composed of three main tools: EQASim, MATSim and NoiseModelling. EQASim is utilized for the modeling of the synthetic population, the assignment of activity plans to agents, and the modeling of transport infrastructure and services. MATSim is utilized for the agent-based transport simulation utilizing the synthetic population and transportation system previously modeled by EQASim. NoiseModelling is utilized to characterize noise from different transport traffic flows and environmental sources. It then calculates sound propagation and estimates the environmental noise conditions. The findings of this study underscore the imperative of conceptualizing exposure assessment as a multifaceted process encompassing four modeling dimensions: the representation of space, time, the individual, and his trajectory of activities. (...)
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Lachman, Michael A. "Benchmarking a Transit System on Time-Constrained Trip Chain Access: A Comparative GIS Analysis of Two University Towns". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1483613270824226.
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Mamede, Lia Costa. "Visitabilidade-vivenciabilidade em assentamentos informais : um estudo da acessibilidade de percursos urbanos no Conjunto Santa Terezinha em Fortaleza-CE". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12362.
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Previous issue date: 2011-05-09Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This research approaches the issue of accessibility in informal settlements, seeking for the challenges and limits defined by informal urban settings, about the application of accessibility parameters. Take the empirical universe as the Conjunto Santa Terezinha, located in Fortaleza- Ce. Initially, the study presents a reflection about the housing issue in Brazil and the informal settlementes in view of the Right to the City. In this sense, the main references are, the works of Suzanne Pasternak (2008), Nabil Bonduki (1998) and Erminia Maricato (1996-97), among others. Follows with the discussion of the concepts and classifications of this type of settlement, making a content analysis of legislation and regulations relating to accessibility and proposed the discussion of the accessible route as the right strategy for the city. In another step, the methodology of 'walking together' created by Dischinger (2000) was applied in a passage previously chosen, which the researcher follows the disabled person during the journey through city making records like photos and video. The comments and perceptions are compared to the spatial analysis of urban morphology, made from the method of Del Rio (1990) and Panerai (2006), and the parameters of NBR 9050. Knowledge of the area is enriched by the methodology of the production of space made by Henri Lefebvre in his book 'The production of space' (1974) with these categories: space conceived, perceived and lived. Another key reference of this author it s the book 'The Right to the City' (991), which allowed in-depth reflections on the social function of town. In conclusion, the study finds that to guarantee a minimum access conditions in informal sittlements it?s necessary to know the specifics of their morphology, their relations and urban practices in view of the visitability- experiencebility, describing it as complementary concepts
A presente pesquisa aborda o tema da acessibilidade em assentamentos informais, buscando identificar desafios e limites definidos por configura??es urbanas informais ? aplica??o de par?metros de acessibilidade. Toma como universo emp?rico o Conjunto Santa Terezinha, situado em Fortaleza-Ce. Inicialmente o estudo apresenta uma reflex?o sobre a quest?o habitacional no Brasil e a produ??o do espa?o informal na perspectiva do Direito ? Cidade. Nesse sentido, s?o refer?ncias principais os trabalhos de Suzana Pasternak (2008), Nabil Bonduki (1998) e Erm?nia Maricato (1996-97), entre outros. Segue com o debate acerca dos conceitos e classifica??es desse tipo de assentamento, fazendo uma an?lise do conte?do da legisla??o e normativa referente ? acessibilidade e prop?e a discuss?o da rota acess?vel como estrat?gia para o direito ? cidade. Em outra etapa, foi aplicada a metodologia do passeio acompanhado criado por Dischinger (2000) num trecho previamente escolhido, no qual a pesquisadora acompanha a pessoa com defici?ncia durante o percurso urbano e o registra atrav?s de fotos e v?deo. Os coment?rios e percep??es s?o comparados ? an?lise espacial da morfologia urbana, feita a partir da metodologia de Del Rio (1990) e Panerai (2006), e aos par?metros da NBR 9050. O conhecimento da ?rea ? enriquecido pela metodologia de an?lise da produ??o do espa?o feita atrav?s da metodologia de Henri Lefebvre em seu livro A produ??o do espa?o (1974) nas categorias: espa?o concebido, percebido, e vivido. Outra refer?ncia fundamental desse autor ? o livro O Direito ? Cidade (991), que possibilitou o aprofundamento das reflex?es sobre a fun??o social da cidade. Concluindo, o estudo constata que para garantir um m?nimo de condi??es de acesso em ?reas informais ? necess?rio conhecer as especificidades de sua morfologia, de suas rela??es e pr?ticas urbanas na perspectiva da visitabilidade-vivenciabilidade, entendidos como conceitos complementares
Libros sobre el tema "Accessibility metrics"
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Exploring Data and Metrics of Value at the Intersection of Health Care and Transportation: Proceedings of a Workshop. National Academies Press, 2016.
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Goliszek, Sławomir. Znaczenie komponentów dostępności transportowej w Szczecinie w latach 2009-2018 = Significance of transport acces-sibility components in Szczecin in the period 2009-2018. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego, Polska Akademia Nauk, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/9788361590910.
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This monograph deals with the importance of the components of transport accessibility in the city of Szczecin, north-western Poland, over the period 2009-2018, with particular attention to public transport. The study uses census districts to look at the accessibility of a range of destinations by both public and private (car) means of transport in 2018 and adds three other years, 2009, 2012 and 2015, for public transport alone. The empirical part of the study involved statistical methods and specific points in time in 2018, including date, hour and minute. The specific metrics used for the static data about each destination included: shortest distance, percentage of the population, cumulative accessibility, potential accessibility, potential quotient, and for the final outcome, a synthetic ranking metric with data standardisation. The dynamic part of the empirical research covers the entire study period, i.e. 2009-2018, supplemented by data on single days running from 5:00am to 10:00 pm. For the longer of the periods, the method of potential accessibility to population was used. The choice of methodology involved a review of various GIS tools and their applicability to city-wide accessibility research, including text format data (GTFS) covering several years. Each of the research methods employed was assessed for its impact on the individual components of transport.
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Frymoyer, Johanna. Modernist Movements. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780197641378.001.0001.
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Abstract Topic theory examines the lexicon of conventions that emerged in the late eighteenth century through which composers evoked dances, marches, hunting, the pastoral, and the supernatural. While scholars have explored ad hoc applications of the theory in later repertories, the author begins with fundamental methodological questions of if, why, and how analysts ought to apply topic theory—a method tailored to eighteenth-century historical and aesthetic contingencies—to modernist repertory. Advancing topic theory beyond its foundations in semiotics to incorporate insights from cognition, the author argues that topical identification and interpretation are governed by mental categories and prototypicality effects, and that topics function as mnemonics of bodily movement (such as dance) that is conventional, ritualized, and meaningful. Her approach explains how listeners past and present, though they may not be able to dance a minuet or march in synchronized military procession, nonetheless preserve these historically embedded patterns of movement in memory. Topic theory therefore provides important insight into how listeners engage imaginatively—choreographically, one could say—with musical meaning in ways that are experienced as transhistorical, embodied, and intersubjective. Illuminated by innovative analyses of Schoenberg and Stravinsky and placing topics in dialogue with considerations of twelve-tone style, metrical irregularity, accessibility, and agency, Modernist Movements is an important contribution to topic theory, modernist studies, and embodied cognition.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Accessibility metrics"
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Brajnik, Giorgio y Markel Vigo. "Automatic Web Accessibility Metrics". En Human–Computer Interaction Series, 505–21. London: Springer London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7440-0_27.
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Palani, Narayanan. "Cypress Lighthouse Performance Metrics and Accessibility Score". En The Web Accessibility Project, 177–87. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003299431-22.
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Pucci, Paola y Giovanni Lanza. "New Metrics for Inclusive Accessibility by Proximity". En SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, 43–56. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66071-9_4.
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Freire, Andre P., Christopher Power, Helen Petrie, Eduardo H. Tanaka, Heloisa V. Rocha y Renata P. M. Fortes. "Web Accessibility Metrics: Effects of Different Computational Approaches". En Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 664–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02713-0_70.
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González, Julia, Mercedes Macías, Roberto Rodríguez y Fernando Sánchez. "Accessibility Metrics of Web Pages for Blind End-Users". En Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 374–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45068-8_68.
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Abou-Zahra, Shadi. "Website Accessibility Metrics: Introduction to the Special Thematic Session". En Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 386–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31522-0_58.
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Li, Dongxiao y Peter Olaf Looms. "Metrics and Evaluation Models for Accessible Television". En Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Design for All and Accessibility Practice, 564–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07509-9_53.
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Conesa, Alexis, Armand Pons y Arthur Nihoul. "Mind the Gap! A Mixed Methods Study on Inequalities in Accessibility: Evidence from Brussels and Strasbourg". En Lecture Notes in Mobility, 11–17. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-85578-8_2.
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Abstract With the growing need to limit car dependence, public transportation appears as a key means of ensuring the transition to greener cities. However, access inequalities in undergrounds, tramways and buses are still considerable and intra-urban accessibility for all is still far from being achieved. Not only the usually labelled “people with reduced mobility (PRM)” but everyone could endure some types of barriers in their daily transit routes. The extent and severity of the resulting disparities are still seldom studied, accessibility being generally considered as the same for everyone. Conversely, this paper adopts a people-centered perspective to analyze and model constraints faced by selected vulnerable users in their use of public transport. We used mixed-methods, combining different survey and modelling techniques to enrich the usual accessibility approaches. The study is grounded in two cities—Brussels and Strasbourg —, enabling the development of adaptive metrics in various geographical environments. It focuses mainly on the impact of physical disability, visual impairment, old age and poverty on transit users’ behaviors. This approach leads to identifying failures and disincentives of each transport system. We conclude by discussing dissemination to transport operators and future research prospects.
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Lazar, Jonathan, Mark Turner, Luis Velarde y Jeremy Westerwiller. "Evaluating the Potential Implementation of New Metrics in Automated Web Accessibility Testing Software for Managers". En Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 22–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05028-2_2.
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Giordano, Alessandro, Javier Aycart y Juan Nicolás Ibáñez. "Comparing Access to Services by Public and Private Transport in Ireland to Measure Transport Poverty". En Lecture Notes in Mobility, 654–61. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-85578-8_88.
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Abstract Transport plays a vital role in social inclusion, enabling people to access essential services and opportunities. Thus, while striving to reduce carbon emissions in the transport sector, the European Union (EU) must balance its environmental targets with “social sustainability” goals and address related challenges. The EU has then proposed establishing a Social Climate Fund to support households at risk of transport poverty and reduce social exclusion risks. However, measures that can help tackle this issue are either poorly defined or depending solely on survey data. This paper aims to provide analytical evidence of transport poverty in the Republic of Ireland, using high-resolution public and private transport networks and identifying where and why people might be at risk of experiencing transport poverty. The contribution to the policy discussion focuses on transport availability as the basis for the analysis. Preliminary results suggest significant differences when comparing access to opportunities, or services, by car or by public transport. With regard to the latter, the number of individuals below a predefined accessibility “sufficiency threshold” varies significantly between rural areas, or near the country border areas, and urban settings. Future work will include a broader variety of destinations and transport poverty dimensions, such as affordability and digital connectivity, population dynamics scenarios, travel demand indicators, and socioeconomic metrics.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Accessibility metrics"
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Lyu, Chen y Gabriele Pergola. "SciGisPy: a Novel Metric for Biomedical Text Simplification via Gist Inference Score". En Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Text Simplification, Accessibility and Readability (TSAR 2024), 95–106. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.tsar-1.10.
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"READABILITY METRICS FOR WEB APPLICATIONS ACCESSIBILITY". En 12th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002867902070210.
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Vigo, Markel, Myriam Arrue, Giorgio Brajnik, Raffaella Lomuscio y Julio Abascal. "Quantitative metrics for measuring web accessibility". En the 2007 international cross-disciplinary conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1243441.1243465.
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Mirri, Silvia, Ludovico Antonio Muratori, Marco Roccetti y Paola Salomoni. "Metrics for accessibility on the Vamolà project". En the 2009 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1535654.1535688.
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Naftali, Maia. "Analysis and integration of web accessibility metrics". En the 2010 International Cross Disciplinary Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1805986.1805996.
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Cooper, Martyn, David Sloan, Brian Kelly y Sarah Lewthwaite. "A challenge to web accessibility metrics and guidelines". En the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207028.
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Panagoulias, Panagiotis, Ioannis Moscholios, Panagiotis Sarigiannidis, Nikos Sagias y Michael Logothetis. "Performance Metrics in OFDM Wireless Networks with Restricted Accessibility". En 2019 Panhellenic Conference on Electronics & Telecommunications (PACET). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pacet48583.2019.8956292.
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Freire, André P., Renata P. M. Fortes, Marcelo A. S. Turine y Debora M. B. Paiva. "An evaluation of web accessibility metrics based on their attributes". En the 26th annual ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1456536.1456551.
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Nasr, Vanessa y Maryam Zahabi. "Development of A Single Usability Metric that Accounts for Accessibility (SUMA)". En 2024 AHFE International Conference on Human Factors in Design, Engineering, and Computing (AHFE 2024 Hawaii Edition). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005655.
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Various technology tools have been designed to aid person(s) with disabilities (PWD). However, no wholistic, standardized method exists that evaluates usability with a focus on accessibility of apps. The objective of this study was to develop a model to assess app usability with a single usability metric that accounts for accessibility (SUMA). The model includes both subjective and objective usability measures to create a comprehensive view of usability and considers accessibility metrics to ensure interfaces are inclusive for PWD. SUMA combines all measures into a singular score, so it is easily interpretable and comparable to other interfaces since previous studies tended to prefer singular score questionnaires. Seven metrics are selected based on their relevance to website and app design as well as inclusivity considerations for PWD including efficiency, effectiveness, satisfaction, accessibility, learnability, flexibility, and memorability. This paper focuses on the development of SUMA and explains the next steps to finalize the model. This includes reducing model dimensionality through a principal component analysis (PCA) of user testing data from an indoor navigation app designed for PWD. Examples of the final model and Excel package are shown based on the pilot data. The results of PCA yielded a model with reduced dimensionality while maintaining a desirable amount of dataset variability.
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Breton, John y AbdelRahman Abdou. "Applying Accessibility Metrics to Measure the Threat Landscape for Users with Disabilities". En Workshop on Measurements, Attacks, and Defenses for the Web. Reston, VA: Internet Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14722/madweb.2023.23074.
Texto completoInformes sobre el tema "Accessibility metrics"
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bin Ahsan, Wahid. The EDIT UX Framework: A User-Centered Approach to Effective Product Redesign. Userhub, abril de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58947/zxkd-kldq.
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In the dynamic domain of web and mobile application development, the imperative to continuously evolve and enhance user experience is paramount. The EDIT UX Framework offers a robust, systematic approach to redesign, aimed at significantly enhancing user engagement, accessibility, and business performance. This framework is delineated into four pivotal stages: (1) Evaluation, which establishes a solid analytical foundation by synthesizing metrics analysis, heuristic evaluations, accessibility assessments, and user insights; (2) Design, where ideation and prototyping are driven by user-centric insights, fostering innovative solutions; (3) Iteration, a phase dedicated to refining designs through iterative user feedback and rigorous testing, with an unwavering focus on inclusivity and accessibility; and (4) Transformation, which transitions the refined product into the market, emphasizing continuous evaluation and iterative enhancements post-launch. By integrating principles of user-centered design, data-driven decision-making, and comprehensive accessibility, the EDIT UX Framework empowers design teams to create digital experiences that not only meet but exceed user expectations, ensuring a product's resilience and adaptability in an ever-evolving digital landscape.
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Chierichetti, Maria y Fatemeh Davoudi Kakhki. Latent Active Transportation Methodology. Mineta Transportation Institute, abril de 2025. https://doi.org/10.31979/mti.2025.2309.
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Understanding and estimating latent demand for active transportation, such as walking and cycling, is essential for designing infrastructure and policies that promote sustainable mobility. Unlike traditional demand models that focus on observed trips, latent demand estimation seeks to quantify the unrealized potential for active travel due to barriers such as inadequate infrastructure, safety concerns, or lack of connectivity. This study develops a comprehensive latent demand model tailored for California, integrating geospatial analysis and multimodal accessibility assessments. The methodology employs a GIS-based corridor analysis approach, utilizing spatial accessibility metrics and distance decay functions to evaluate potential demand. It incorporates employment and population data, school and university enrollments, and park and trail accessibility to estimate the likelihood of walking and cycling trips. To better capture behavioral patterns, the model also classifies cyclists into four categories: strong and fearless, enthused and confident, interested but concerned, and no way, no how. Case studies in Douglas City, El Centro, and downtown San Jose illustrate the model’s application across urban, suburban, and rural contexts. Findings highlight that employment centers and commercial areas significantly contribute to bicycle demand, while schools and recreational spaces influence pedestrian activity. The results emphasize the need for targeted infrastructure improvements to convert latent demand into realized active transportation. This study provides a data-driven framework to guide investments in pedestrian and cycling infrastructure to ensure equitable and effective transportation planning in California.
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FACHINELLI, ANA CRISTINA, TAN YIGITCANLAR, TATIANA TUCUNDUVA PHILIPPI CORTESE, JAMILE SABATINI MARQUES, DEBORA SOTTO y BIANCA LIBARDI. SMART CITIES DO BRASIL: Performance of Brazilian Capital Cities. UCS - Universidade de Caxias do Sul, mayo de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/9786500438604.
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This report is an outcome of close collaboration between the Australia-Brazil Smart City Research and Practice Network's member institutions. The report focuses on understanding the smartness levels of the Brazilian capital cities through the lens of a smart city performance assessment framework. This report focuses on Brazilian cities to develop an evaluation model for smart cities and bring metrics that contribute to public managers seeking balance and smartness in the life of their cities. The smart city concept in this report concerns of smart economy, smart society, smart environment, smart governance, and smart technology domains that seek community-enabled technology and policy to deliver productivity, innovation, livability, well-being, sustainability, accessibility, and good governance and planning.
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Walsh, Brianne, Simon Costanzo, William Dennison, J. Campbel, Mark Lehman, Megan Nortrup, Brent Steury et al. Natural resource condition assessment: George Washington Memorial Parkway (2024 revision). National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2305175.
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The report summarizes known natural resource conditions found in George Washington Memorial Parkway. Natural Resource Condition Assessments provide a snapshot-in-time evaluation of park resource conditions. For this report, twenty-five metrics were synthesized in four categories: Air Quality, Water Resources, Biological Integrity, and Landscape Dynamics. The assessment of condition was based on the comparison of available data collected between 2002 and 2014 to justified ecological threshold values. This report was first published in 2016; however, an error was noted in the report resulting in this revised version. The scope/nature of the revision includes replacing missing pages and correcting pagination and reference errors. The report has also been updated to reflect current Science Report series formatting and accessibility standards.
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Feeney, Patricia, Matthias Liffers, Estelle Cheng y Paul Vierkant. Better Together: Complete Metadata as Robust Infrastructure. Crossref, noviembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.13003/m3237yt.
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According to the survey we conducted prior to this webinar series dedicated to the APAC community, metadata quality was one of the most voted topics to be covered in the webinars, which is understandable - out of FAIRsFAIR’s 15 assessment metrics for the FAIRness of research objects, 12 are about metadata. Rich and persistent metadata that incorporate identifiers and encode generic and domain-specific information, accessibility and licensing, and links between objects using standardized vocabulary and communication protocols is the cornerstone of a versatile, equitable, and trustworthy scholarly infrastructure ecosystem. In this webinar, we want to focus on the various aspects of enriching the metadata of research outputs. What is considered rich or complete, what does it mean to the metadata capture and curation workflows, how is this process supported, what services are underpinned by which part of the metadata, etc? In this webinar, we’ll hear from Matthias Liffers from ARDC and representatives from Crossref, DataCite, and ORCID, to share their perspectives and provide guidance toward a world with richer metadata. This webinar takes place on Nov 28, 2022, 06:00 AM Universal Time UTC/ 14:00 Beijing. This webinar will last 90 minutes including time for Q&A. The slides and recording will be shared afterward with all who register for the event.
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Luo, Hao, Ricardo Chahine, Arianna Rambaram, Elizabeth Theresa Rosenzweig, Konstantina Gkritza y Hua Cai. Assessing the Travel Demand and Mobility Impacts of Transformative Transportation Technologies in Indiana. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317374.
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The rapid development of transformative transportation technologies, such as bike-sharing, shared e-scooters, and ride-hailing systems, is reshaping the transportation landscape. These transformative transportation technologies have the potential to significantly change travel behavior and travel demand and affect transportation agencies’ planning, operations, and decision-making. The objective of this project is to develop a framework and models to quantify the potential travel demand and mobility impacts of transformative transportation technologies in Indiana cities. This project analyzed historical system usage data and conducted survey studies to evaluate the availability and use of transformative transportation technologies in select Indiana cities. The project also proposed a data-driven model to study the relationship between shared micro-mobility and the existing transit system and developed a simulation model to analyze the potential mode choice change under different future development scenarios. Additionally, based on a comprehensive literature review, a list of operations; environmental, health and safety; and accessibility and equity metrics were identified as the Key Performance Indicators to evaluate transformative transportation technologies. Furthermore, as this study was conducted in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the impacts of the pandemic on both traditional and transformative transportation systems were also examined as documented in the literature and stated in our survey.
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Chandra, Shailesh y Vivek Mishra. Optimizing Multimodal Transportation Access to Support Commuting Among Low-Income Transit Riders with Social Distancing. Mineta Transportation Institute, marzo de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2140.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, LA Metro has encouraged social distancing among passengers—especially at stations of high-demand routes—and has increased fixed-route transit (FRT) services. However, potential impacts of social distancing on the performance of FRT services remain mostly unknown. This research evaluates the accessibility of FRT buses with social distancing using the ridership data collected on four FRT routes: 105, 108, 111, and 115 of the LA Metro's A Line stations located in low-income neighborhoods. This research shows that social distancing of six feet can impact FRT's accessibility to destination stations, and maximum accessibility is achieved only for a certain number of stops served—which is less than the current number of stops served. The FRT routes 105, 108, 111 and 115 have maximum accessibility with social distancing for the number of stops served equal to 65, 52, 52 and 50, respectively. The methodology used in this research can help decision-makers understand how FRT bus frequencies are impacted by social distancing measures, and the results can guide the transit authorities developing FRT service among low-income commuters during and after the pandemic.
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Albert, Jose Ramon, Ronald Mendoza, Deanne Lorraine Cabalfin, Mohammad Mahmoud y Mika Muñoz. A Process Evaluation of the Philippine Alternative Learning System. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, diciembre de 2024. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2024.31.
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This study presents a comprehensive process evaluation of the Department of Education's Alternative Learning System (ALS) in the Philippines, examining its effectiveness in providing second-chance education opportunities for out-of-school youth and adults (OSYAs). While the ALS plays a vital role in the Philippine education system, systematic evidence on its implementation effectiveness, operational processes, and institutional capabilities has been limited thus far. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of administrative data with key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and an online survey of 4,933 past and current ALS learners. This multifaceted methodology provides both broad insights into system-wide patterns and a granular understanding of implementation challenges. The evaluation reveals significant institutional strengths, particularly in teacher dedication and program adaptability. However, severe resource constraints hinder program effectiveness. Key findings demonstrate that the ALS faces substantial operational challenges. Most notably, despite serving only 0.8 percent of basic education learners, ALS receives merely 0.1 percent of the Department of Education's budget. This resource disparity manifests in concerning ways: a pupil-teacher ratio of 75:1 (compared to an ideal of 25:1), inadequate facilities—with 61 percent of Community Learning Centers below standard size requirements—and limited learning materials. Results from the online survey indicate high satisfaction with teaching quality (95%); however, only 54 percent of program completers are employed, with 51 percent reporting a high alignment of their jobs with their skills. Balancing work and study emerges as a significant challenge, particularly for working learners (45%), while financial difficulties affect 22 percent of participants. Gender disparities are notable, with female employment rates significantly lagging behind those of males, particularly in the 25-35 age group (34% versus 65%). The analysis also examines trends in the out-of-school youth population, considering the complementary effects of other interventions such as the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). Projections suggest this population could decrease to approximately 500,000 by 2035, requiring strategic recalibration of the ALS program's scope and delivery models. This potential reduction raises fundamental questions about the program's "endgame"—specifically, what constitutes a manageable level of out-of-school youth based on the Philippine context and international standards. The recommendations emphasize the need for increased funding, improved resource allocation, enhanced teacher training, stronger coordination among stakeholders, and innovative approaches to curriculum design and delivery. Additionally, the study calls for better alignment between ALS and other social protection programs, clearer metrics for measuring program effectiveness, and more targeted support for working learners and female participants. These findings are expected to inform evidence-based policymaking and catalyze strategic reforms to enhance the accessibility, quality, and relevance of alternative education in the Philippines.
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Randrup, Thomas B., Agnes Pierre, Niel Sang y Kjell Nilson. Equity in Green Space Planning and Management : synthesis study on data availability for the development of a socio-ecological index. SLU Movium Think Tank, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54612/a.7h5gdnod5n.
Texto completoResumen
As cities densify to meet environmental and economic goals, the equitable distribution of urban green spaces (UGS) becomes critical for fostering community well-being, promoting environmental justice, and enhancing climate resilience. This report presents a synthesis study conducted by the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) in collaboration with Nilsson Landscape, aimed at understanding the relationship between socio-economy and accessibility to UGS, to assess and enhance green equity in urban environments. The research focuses on Malmö specifically, and have involved Region Skåne as a proxy for other municipalities in southern Sweden, leveraging data on green space access, canopy cover, socio-economic indicators, and maintenance costs. The primary objective of this study was to establish a data-driven, replicable framework that quantifies green space equity at the city district level. Specifically, the research seeks to (i) identify key indicators of green space availability and socio-economic status that can be measured consistently across Swedish municipalities; (ii) develop a composite relationship (a matrix or an index) that integrates these indicators to provide actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers, and (iii) to test the applicability of this index in Malmö, illustrating its potential to guide future investments in UGS for equitable urban development. The research integrates three complementary initiatives: i. KSLA Project: A synthesis of socio-economic and green space factors relevant to equity in urban environments. ii. FoMA Project: Development and testing of green space indicators, including canopy cover, urban green space per capita, and distance to the nearest green space, in relation to socio-economic metrics like income, education, and employment. iii. Movium Partnership: Evaluation of the Green Equity Matrix, a tool that categorizes neighborhoods based on their socio-economic status (SES) and green space status (GSS), and explores policy implications and maintenance costs. The ambition to develop a matrix or an index aligns with international models such as the Tree Equity Score and Spatial Equity NYC but adapts them to the Swedish context, where socioeconomic factors and access to UGS are measured differently. Data sources include GIS-based analyses, municipal records, and socio-economic data from Statistics Sweden. All computations of UGS rely on open datasets, which are updated at varying frequencies but not always regularly. All the SES data is easily accessible and reliable, and available at DeSO level. A Green Equity Matrix was developed, including seven indicators ‘UGS per capita’, ‘canopy cover’, ‘distance to UGS’ as Green Space Status (GSS) indicators, and ‘age dependency’, ‘income’, ‘education level’, and ‘employment rate’, as Socio-Economic Status (SES) indicators. Each indicator was computed and combined into two individual indexes. All indicators are combined unweighted, meaning they are treated equally when combined. Contrary to widespread assumptions, our analysis reveals that neighbourhoods with lower SES often have higher GSS in Malmö. Lower SES neighbourhoods in Malmö were often developed around the 1960’es and early 1970’es (the Million Program), where larger parks and green spaces were prioritized. As such, we believe these areas have benefited from earlier planning efforts aimed at providing green amenities to balance socio-economic disadvantages, and that the effects of these efforts are still notable in a Swedish context like in Malmö. However, while higher GSS in lower SES areas is a positive finding, it does not necessarily reflect equitable quality or functionality of Summary green spaces. Socio-economic disparities might still influence the usability, safety, and maintenance of these green areas, affecting their actual benefits to residents. We calculated maintenance cost in DeSOs characterized by both low GSS and low SES. Here, costs range from 24 to 335 SEK per capita, with an average in Malmö being 448 SEK per capita. Even though we indicate a relationship between low SES and low maintenance cost, we recognise the need for better data, including a calculation based on actual use, rather than cost per capita. However, such data is not available today. The actual quality of UGS should be further explored and considered incorporated into or related to the matrix. This will ensure that green space interventions align with the needs and preferences of residents. In line with this, local governments’ capacities to develop such indices should be explored too. However, the use of accessible data in combination with relatively simple GIS-based socio-ecological analysis has been prioritised for this project. Thus, our proposed method does not require advanced GIS skills, making it accessible for all municipalities. The suggested method ranks neighbourhoods within a municipality or urban area, meaning the GSS and SES results cannot be directly compared across different municipalities or urban areas. However, metrics such as the percentage of neighbourhoods within each quadrant or within a certain standard deviation can still be used for comparisons with other municipalities or urban areas. Our new and nuanced understanding of the relationship between SES and GSS challenges the conventional narrative that socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods lack access to green spaces. Instead, it highlights the need for context-specific urban planning and management that recognizes both the strengths and challenges of different neighbourhoods.