Tesis sobre el tema "Activation de liaison C-F"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Activation de liaison C-F".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Champagne, Pier Alexandre. "Activation de liens C-F à l'aide de liaisons hydrogène". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26272.
Texto completoL’activation de liens C–F a été un sujet de recherche prolifique des dix dernières années, considérant l’utilité de telles études pour mieux comprendre et utiliser le comportement des composés fluorés. Toutes les méthodes qui existent pour réaliser la substitution nucléophile de fluorures aliphatiques tirent profit d’interactions faibles en conditions acides ou basiques, ou de métaux de transition. Cependant, une interaction comme la liaison hydrogène avec un lien C–F, certainement faible en énergie, n’a toujours pas été utilisée pour réaliser l’activation en conditions neutres. Après une introduction sur l’activation C–F et leur capacité d’accepteur de liaisons hydrogène, divers systèmes utilisant cette faible interaction pour la substitution nucléophile de fluorures aliphatiques, qui ont été développés dans cette thèse, seront présentés. Plusieurs types de donneurs de liaisons hydrogène (DLH) ont été utilisés au courant de la thèse, notamment l’eau, les alcools polyfluorés, ainsi qu’une large gamme d’alcools, diols, triols et autres groupements donneurs. En présence de nucléophiles variés, il a été démontré que les liaisons hydrogène sont suffisamment puissantes pour permettre la transformation de composés organofluorés par l’activation et la substitution de leur lien C–F. L’analyse des mécanismes réactionnels a aussi démontré qu’en plus de nécessiter des activateurs pour pouvoir le substituer, le lien C–F conserve un certain caractère spécial dans nos conditions avec les DLHs. Pour nos systèmes de substitution nucléophile, un mécanisme SN2 semble correct, tandis que dans les réactions de Friedel-Crafts, des paires d’ions fortement retenues par les liaisons hydrogène semblent expliquer la réactivité observée mieux qu’un mécanisme ionisant SN1 classique ne pourrait le faire.
C–F activation has been a subject of intensive research over the last decade, considering the usefulness of such studies to understand, predict and profit from the unusual behaviour of fluorinated organic compounds. All methods that are known to enable the nucleophilic substitution of aliphatic fluorines use weak interactions in acidic or basic conditions, or require transition metals. However, hydrogen bonds with fluorine, energetically-weak interactions, have not yet been harnessed to activate C–F bonds in neutral conditions. After an introduction on C–F activation and on the possibility of these bonds to accept hydrogen bonds, various systems that exploit this weak interaction for the nucleophilic substitution of aliphatic fluorines and that were developed during the thesis, will be presented. Multiple types of hydrogen-bond donors (HBD) were used to affect this transformation, notably water, polyfluorinated alcohols and a wide variety of alcohols, diols, triols, and other donating groups. In the presence of varied nucleophiles, it will be shown that hydrogen bonds are strong enough to permit the transformation of organofluorine compounds through activation and substitution of their C–F bond. Thorough analysis of the reaction mechanisms demonstrated that, in addition to needing activating agents to be able to substitute it, the C–F bond keeps its unusual behaviour in our conditions with HBDs. In our systems of nucleophilic substitution, a SN2 mechanism seems to operate, while for the Friedel-Crafts reactions, ion pairs strongly kept together by hydrogen bonds are a better explanation for the observed reactivity than the traditional SN1 mechanism involving free carbocations.
Quint, Valentin. "Formation de liaison C-P par fonctionnalisation de liaison C-H sans métal de transition : aspects snthétiques et mécanistiques". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC219/document.
Texto completoThis thesis describes the successful development of three modes of activation for the formation of Carbon–Phosphorus bonds under mild conditions and without the use of transition metals.First, a regioselective phosphorylation of pyridines has been developed via a sequential process consisting of the activation of the pyridine with a Lewis acid (BF3) followed by oxidative aromatization mediated by chloranil. The characterization of the Meisenheimer complex enabled to confirm the proposed reaction mechanism. Next, we developed a straightforward approach for the synthesis of benzo[b]phospholes from the reaction of secondary phosphine oxides and alkynes in the presence of an organic oxidant and eosin Y as a catalyst. Apart from the broad scope of this reaction, extensive mechanistic investigations, including EPR, NMR, steady state photolysis permitted the elucidation of the mechanism of this photoreaction. It has been suggested that the oxidant and the photocatalyst come together to form a ground state charge transfer complex that is the driving force of the photocatalyzed process. Finally, we developed a metal-free photoinduced approach for the phosphorylation of anilines and related structures. The reaction proceeded through the formation of an electron donor acceptor complexes between anilines derivatives (electron donors) and N–ethoxypyridinium (electron acceptor). Scope and limitations of this process are discussed along with detailed mechanistic studies
Barde, Etienne. "Catalyse au cobalt : applications en couplages croisés et en activation/fonctionnalisation de liaison C-H". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLET019.
Texto completoOrganic synthesis has been making outstanding recent progress because of the use of transition-metal catalysis into laboratory routine. Among different metals involved in catalysis, cobalt is interesting because of its low cost and toxicity but also because of its unique reactivity.During this thesis, cross-coupling and C—H bond activation reactions using cobalt complexes as catalysts were investigated.A simple catalytic system composed of diphosphine ligand and a cost-effective cobalt salt allowed us to functionnalize α-haloamides using Grignard reagents. A large variety of amides and Grignard reagents (aryl-, vinyl-, alkynyl-) were successfully tested, generating an interesting library of α-functionnalized amides.Moreover, simple cobalt salts were engaged in the activation of the C—H bond of benzamides for the aminoarylation of alkylidene cyclopropanes. Under mild conditions, original and polycyclic molecules were obtained in a single step.These results obtained in two different domains treated in this thesis demonstrate the high potential of simple cobalt salt in catalysis
Benhassine, Yasmine. "Nouvelle méthode d’activation du lien C-F promue par des donneurs de liaisons hydrogènes". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26654.
Texto completoThe carbon-fluorine bond is the strongest single bond that a carbon can have, it is also particularly stronger than any other carbon-halogen bonds (dissociation enthalpy at 298 K: CH3-F 480,7 kJ/mol; CH3-Cl 349,9 kJ/mol.). Despite the strength of this connection, numerous methods have emerged in recent years to turn it into aromatic and aliphatic vinyl compounds. Typically, these methods require strongly acidic conditions or the use of transition metals. We developed a C-F activation method with water to produce nucleophilic substitution reactions type SN2. The reactivity of carbon-fluorine bond is due to the hydrogen bonds between water and the fluorine atom, which acts as an acceptor. Following this work, we investigated the reactivity of benzyl fluoride in the presence of stronger hydrogen bond donor than water, such as 1,1,1,3,3,3- hexafluoro-2-propanol ( HFIP) The results show a Friedel-Crafts type unprecedented reactivity (SN1). An optimization of the reaction was carried out. The extent of the transformation has been studied and the results obtained have allowed us to understand the reactivity of the system based on electronic properties of benzyl fluorides and nucleophilic. All this work and preliminary mechanistic studies will be presented.
Zhao, Liqin. "Palladium-catalyzed direct arylation via sp² and sp³ C-H activation of hetero(aromatics) and hydrocarbons for C-C bond formation". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S038/document.
Texto completoDuring this thesis, we were interested in the sp² and sp³ C-H bond activation catalyzed by palladium catalysts for the preparation of (hetero)aryl-aryls and biaryls. This method is considered as cost effective and environmentally attractive compared to the classical couplings such as Suzuki, Heck, or Negishi. First we described the palladium-catalyzed direct C2-arylation of benzothiophene in the absence of phosphine ligand with high selectivity. We also demonstrated that it is possible to active both C2 and C5 C-H bonds for access to 2,5-diarylated compounds in one step, and also to non-symmetrically substituted 2,5-diarylpyrroles via sequential C2 arylation followed by C5 arylation. We also studied the reactivity of polychlorobenzenes via palladium-catalyzed C-H activation. We finally examined the palladium-catalysed selective sp² and sp³ C-H bond activation of guaiazulene. The selectivity depends on the solvent and base: sp² C2-arylation (KOAc in ethylbenzene), sp² C3-arylation (KOAc in DMAc) and sp³ C4-Me arylation (CsOAc/K₂CO₃ in DMAc). Through this method, a challenging sp³ C-H bond was activated
LEBRETON, HAQUETTE CAROLE. "Activation de la liaison c-h des alcanes par des complexes du rhodium (i)". Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066614.
Texto completoLarribeau, Thomas. "Synthèse de cyclοprοpanes fluοrés par cyclοprοpanatiοn directe de fluοrures allyliques et οuverture de ces cyclοprοpanes par activatiοn de la liaisοn C-F avec des acides de Lewis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025NORMR006.
Texto completoThe formation of new molecular patterns has always been a stake of organic chemistry in order to access to new compounds of interest.Cyclopropanes and fluorine are two patterns becoming more and more present in bioactives molecules and that’s why new methods to obtain these compounds are needed. The objective of this thesis was to develop for the first time a method allowing to form a cyclopropane starting from allylic fluorides, compound particularly deactivated hence less reactive. This reaction, firstly developed on unsubstituted allylic fluorides was then extended to 1,2-substituted olefins. In a second part, the carbon – fluorine bond of these α-fluorocyclopropanes was activated with Lewis acids. This activation led to a non-conventional carbocation allows the cyclopropane to undergo a rearrangement forming four different halogenated compounds: two cyclopropanes, one cyclobutene and one α,β-insaturated γ-halogenated
Roudesly, Fares. "Fonctionnalisation C-H dirigée d'hétérocycles azotés". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS354.
Texto completoThis thesis work has brought its contribution the field of C-H activation / functionalization of nitrogenous containing rings as pyridine and pyrrole. First, we developed a strategy for a Pd- catalyzed regioselective allylation and alkenylation of azine N-oxides. The scope of this reactivity has been studied. Experimental studies and DFT calculations allowed us to propose a mechanism for the allylation and isomerization steps. We propose that the C-H activation step is the rate determining step of the catalytic cycle, and that it takes place through an outer sphere deprotonation / palladation mechanism. Next, we applied the Murai reaction to 2-pyrrole- carboxaldehyde derivatives using a Ru(0) complex. Under an atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide, we could obtain the acylated products in the presence of various vinylsilanes and styrenes. The application of this reactivity to other 2-pyrrole carboxaldehyde derivatives is under study in the laboratory
Massouh, Joe. "Transition metals-catalyzed C(sp2)-H bond activation for aldehyde functionalization". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDM0001.
Texto completoThe synthesis of α-ketoacid, precursor or analogue of amino-acid, presents a center of interest. One of the synthetic pathways leading to these molecules could be the direct functionalization of aldehyde. The C(sp2)-H bond activation of aldehyde catalyzed by organometallic complexes is a powerful tool to afford various elaborated products in a relatively sustainable manner.In the first chapter of this manuscript, we presented the organometallic complexes based on different transition metals like Rh, Co, Ru, Ni, and Ir, that are able to activate selectively the C(sp2)-H bond of aldehyde. The reported procedures involve transition metals at low oxidation state favoring the oxidative addition mechanism, or at high oxidation state favoring the concerted metalation deprotonation process. This presentation allows to display the advantages and the drawbacks of each approach and highlights the novelty in each concept.In the second chapter, according to bibliography, procedures were investigated to achieve aldehyde C-H functionalization with various reagents, notably carbon dioxide. Various transition metals at low oxidation states were studied, and the reactivity of the aldehyde substrate remained restricted to the reported examples under Rh(I)-catalysis. In the case of high oxidation state transition metals, Rh(III)-catalytic complex was found efficient to mediate new pathway to imides using dioxazolones in good yields (up to 97%). Numerous parameters affecting the C-H activation of aldehyde were screened, and the mechanistic investigations were supported by labelling tests. Unfortunately, we observed that some catalytic systems, that are able to achieve aromatic C(sp2)-H bond functionalization with carbon dioxide, were not efficient to afford the carboxylation of aldehydic C(sp2)-H bond. The third chapter disclosed the experimental procedures and the characterization of the new products, notably imides
Gref, Aurore. "Activation de la liaison C-H : oxydation des hydrocarbures saturés en présence de catalyseurs de fer par l'oxygène moléculaire, activé électrochimiquement". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112021.
Texto completoBy modifying the so-called "Gif" chemical system we established on electrochemical one for oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons. This system hos the cluster FeII FeIII 2o(OAc)6PY3. 5 as catalyst and comprises pyridine, an acid (trifluoroacetic or 2-picolinic) and molecular oxygen activated at the cathode. After having analysed the electrochemical behoviour of each of the components of the systems by cyclic voltammetry we were in a position to chose the optimum conditions under which to work. Were obtained a similar selectivity with the electrochemical system as with the chemical one: attach occurs preferentially at the secondary C-H bond and results in the preponderant formation of ketones and an efficiency (electronic yield) which is clearly superior (con reach 70% in the case of cyclohexane). Use of hydrogen peroxide resulted in same selectivity as that obtained by molecular oxygen activated at the cathode in the presence of on acid, although with lower yields. This lead us to propose that the some active species were involved in the two processes. The latter might be on iron-oxo species of low oxidation state, and the presence of pyridine as ligand might confer a particular selectivity to it different to that observed in other systems
Gref, Aurore. "Activation de la liaison C-H oxydation des hydrocarbures saturés en présence de catalyseurs de fer par l'oxygène moléculaire activé électrochimiquement /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376055913.
Texto completoBheeter, Charles Beromeo. "Palladium-catalysed C-H bond activation for simpler access to ArSO₂R derivatives". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S171.
Texto completoDuring this Ph.D. period, we were interested in the C-H bonds activation catalysed by palladium catalysts for the preparation of biaryls units bearing SO₂R group. Many biological compounds present a SO₂R function and thus we chose to activate this family of substrates. This method is considered as cost effective and environmentally attractive compared to other types of couplings such as Suzuki, Stille, or Negishi. First, we demonstrated that it is possible to apply C-H bond activation method for the direct arylation of thiophene derivatives bearing a SO₂R substituent. We then established palladium-catalysed system for the selective C2 arylation of N-tosylpyrrole derivatives. We found that N-tosylpyrrole is more reactive than free NH-pyrrole. We also studied the direct arylation of heteroarenes using bromobenzenes bearing SO₂R substituents either at C2 or C4 via palladium-catalysed C-H activation. This method provides a simpler access to substituted SO₂R derivatives. Finally we developed the first palladium-catalysed dehydrogenative sp³ C-H bond functionalization/activation of N-alkyl-benzenesulfonamides to produce N-alkenyl-benzenesulfonamides. The reaction proceeds with easily accessible ligand-free Pd(OAc)₂ catalyst for aryl bromides bearing electron-withdrawing groups or PdCl(C₃H₅)(dppb) catalyst for aryl bromides with electron-donating substituents. We found that the reaction tolerates a variety of substituents both on nitrogen and on the bromobenzene moiety
Li, Chen. "CH bond activation of methane and unsaturated molecules by a transient eta2-cyclopropene complex of niobium : synthesis, characterization and mechanistic studies". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0029/document.
Texto completoChapter 1 reports a literature summary of the different ways of cleaving a hydrocarbon C-H bond, mostparticularly methane, with both early and late transition metal complexes. For early transition metals ourattention is focused on three mechanisms: i) the σ-bond metathesis, ii) the α-H abstraction/1,2-CH bond addition and iii) the β-H abstraction/1,3-CH bond addition.Chapter 2 challenges the problem of the activation of a CH bond of methane by a transient η2-cyclopropene complex of niobium. High pressure solution NMR, isotopic labelling studies and kinetic analyses of the degenerate exchange of methane in the methyl complex [TpMe2NbCH3(c-C3H5)(MeCCMe)] (1) are reported. Stoichiometric methane activation by the mesitylene complex [TpMe2Nb(CH2-3,5-C6H3Me2)(c-C3H5)(MeCCMe)] (2) giving 1 is also realized. Evidence is provided that these reactions proceed via an intramolecular abstraction of a β-H of the cyclopropyl group from either methane or mesitylene from 1 or 2, respectively, yielding the transient unsaturated η2-cyclopropene intermediate [TpMe2Nb(η2-c-C3H4)(MeCCMe)] (A). This is followed by itsmechanistic reverse 1,3-CH bond addition of methane yielding the product.Chapter 3 explores the reactivity of complex 1 towards heteroaromatics, unsaturated hydrocarbons, pentafluorobenzene and ferrocene (FcH) via the β-H abstraction/1,3-CH bond activation mechanism. Compound 1 is able to selectively activate the C-H bond of furan, thiophene, 1-cyclopentene, phenylacetylene, pentafluorobenzene and ferrocene, yielding the corresponding products [TpMe2NbX(c-C3H5)(MeCCMe)] (X = 2-C4H3O, 2-C4H3S, 1-C5H7, PhC≡C C6F5, Fc) which have been isolated and characterized by 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, electrochemical studies and X-ray diffraction analysis
Jahjah, Hussein Rabih. "Réactions radicalaires photo initiées de dérivés de la furanone et leur valorisation en synthèse organique". Reims, 2010. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/sciences/2010REIMS001.pdf.
Texto completoPhotochemistry plays an increasing role in organic chemistry, as a powerful approach to obtain under mild conditions a large number of compounds inaccessible by conventional methods. During this work, we looked at different aspects of the photochemical reactivity of furanone derivatives. Irradiation of furanones functionalized by tetrahydropyran and glucose in the presence of acetone as sensitizer led by a mechanism of energy transfer to a regioselective intramolecular radical reaction where the addition occurs in α position of the furanone. An important step in this mechanism is the hydrogen abstraction. A reaction of epimerization was shown at the anomeric center of β-anomers molecules. This type of photochemical reaction can be controlled to prepare highly functionalized structures (a family of Carba-Sugars). We have carried out a selective addition at a α-position of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound by a single-electron transfer via the formation of an exciplex or radical ion pair in contact. The mechanism of this reaction was revealed by a deuterium-labeling and interpretation of the regioselectivity. The isotopic-labeling allowed us to discover the origin of hydrogen added in β position of a furanone. Structures accessible by this method may have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and diuretic as well as bactericidal activities
Brazi, Eric. "Activation de la liaison C-H hydroxylation catalytique des hydrocarbures par de nouveaux complexes alkylperoxydiques de cobalt (III), désydrogénation sélective et catalytique de cycloalcanes... /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603426w.
Texto completoNguyen, Khac Minh Huy. "Activation de liaisons C-H au moyen d’un système catalytique bio-inspiré pour la synthèse d’hétérocycles d’intérêt pharmacologique". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB023.
Texto completoNaturally occurring metalloenzymes constitute a rich source of inspiration for the design of synthetic catalysts because of their ability to perform controlled aerobic oxidations under very mild conditions. Among metalloenzymes, copper amine oxidases (CuAOs) promote selective aerobic oxidation of primary amines through the cooperation of a quinone-based cofactor (topaquinone) and a copper ion. Recently, there has been a boost in the development of biomimetic catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of amines to imines owing to the importance of imines as pivotal intermediates in the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. In our laboratory, a CuAOs-like homogeneous co-catalytic system has been described for the atom-economical oxidation of primary amines to imines, under ambient air. The catalytic process combines two redox couples in a way reminiscent of CuAOs: the o-iminoquinone organocatalyst 1ox, generated in situ from the corresponding o-aminophenol 1red, is the substrate-selective catalyst, whereas the copper (II) salt serves as an electron transfer mediator. Interestingly, low loadings of biocompatible CuII and organocatalyst 1ox are sufficient to activate the α-C-H bond of primary aliphatic amines, which are converted, under ambient air, into cross-coupled imines through a transamination process that leads to the homocoupled imine intermediate, followed by dynamic transimination. The mild reaction conditions are highly favorable from a synthetic viewpoint, in particular for trapping the unstable alkylimines in situ for further reactions. So, we have envisioned the use of this bioinspired co-catalytic system in the one-pot synthesis of heterocycles of pharmacological interest. In the first part of the thesis, we envisioned that the Cu(II)/1ox cooperative system might be utilized to synthesize novel 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives. In the specific case of R1R2CHCH2NH2 amines, the catalytic process should stop after a few turnovers, because the catalyst 1ox should be trapped through inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction with the simultaneously in situ generated tautomeric enamine form of the alkylimine extruded during the catalytic process, leading to 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives. Unfortunately, this protocol failed to produce the expected cycloadducts in acceptable yields as enamines rapidly decomposed under ambient air. For this reason, we have developed a tandem oxidation-inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction as an alternative: a stoichiometric amount of activated MnO2, in deaerated methanol, was then sufficient to convert various o-aminophenol derivatives into o-iminoquinone heterodienes which were trapped in situ by different enamine dienophiles leading to the expected 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives under mild conditions. The possibility of introducing variations in both cycloaddition partners led to highly substituted 1,4-benzoxazine cycloadducts with up to five elements of diversity. Among these compounds, a 3,3-diphenyl-substituted-1,4-benzoxazine derivative was identified as an effective neuroprotective agent in newborn mice, suggesting that it could be a potential candidate for the treatment and prevention of cerebral palsy. In the second part of the thesis, the Cu(II)/1ox cooperative system has been successfully used for the catalytic oxidative coupling of a diverse range of activated and non-activated primary amines with o-amino-anilines under ambient air leading to benzimidazoles of biological interest through multistep oxidation and nucleophilic addition reactions. Through the variation of both solvent and coupling partners, MeOH proved to be the best solvent for this transformation because it provided the ideal balance of 1ox solvation and reaction rate, except when reactive N-alkyl o-aminoanilines were used as in situ imine traps, due to the concomitant formation of a benzimidazole byproduct originated from MeOH itself. (...)
Bordeaux, Mélanie. "Ingénierie moléculaire de cytochromes P450 pour l'hydroxylation des alcanes". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0009/document.
Texto completoActivation of inert molecules such as alkanes is considered as one of the most difficult challenges in catalysis, due to the high stability of the C-H bond. To comply with the principles of green chemistry, functionalization methods must respect multiple requirements, such as the use of non-toxic solvents and reagents, in addition to reducing energy usage whilst maintaining maximal activity. To satisfy these conditions, we decided to focus on the use of an enzymatic system. Indeed, unactivated C-H bonds can be functionalized under mild conditions by monooxygenases, such as cytochrome P450s, but their activity is relatively limited. In order to have cytochrome P450s more active on alkanes, we describe the fusion between a member of the CYP153 family and an electron donor partner. This fusion protein has been characterized and its catalytic properties studied. We have shown that the fusion increases significantly the alkane hydroxylase activity. Our second step was to continue to exploit the potential of this biocatalyst by attempting to reduce the volume of its active site using site-directed mutagenesis for the hydroxylation of gaseous alkanes, including methane. Finally, various modifications of the reaction conditions allowed us to achieve the terminal hydroxylation of octane with a previously unequalled activity
Gonnard, Laurine. "Réactions métallo-catalysées : synthèse d'hétérocycles azotés saturés fonctionnalisés". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066438/document.
Texto completoIn order to facilitate the total synthesis of active molecules used in pharmaceutical or agrochemical industries, chemists try constantly to develop new, general, practical and sustainable methods. In 2014, a study revealed that piperidine was the most frequently present aza-heterocycle in medicines approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In this context, three different methods were developed during this Ph.D in order to synthesize functionalized piperidines. A wide variety of substituted piperidines was first efficiently obtained by a cobalt catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between 4- and 3-halogenopiperidines and Grignard reagents. Cobalt has appeared as a good alternative to the expensive palladium salts or the toxic nickel salts. Moreover, it can prevent side reactions such as dehydrohalogenation or β-H elimination. Next, 2-dienylpiperidines, present in a myriad of alkaloids, were prepared by iron catalyzed cyclization from diallylic amino-alcools. Finally, new conditions for the ruthenium catalyzed C(sp3)‒H monoarylation of piperidines were developed. The influence of the electronic and steric properties of the directing group attached to the nitrogen of the piperidine was fully studied. These methods were then applied to the synthesis of other azacycles
Cuny, Guylaine. "Synthèse de moyens et grands cycles fusionnés à des dihydroazaphenanthrènes et synthèse de 1,4-benzodiazépine-2,5-diones par N-arylations intramoléculaires catalysées au palladium ou au cuivre : nouvelle synthèse de 5-aminooxazoles trisubstitués". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112232.
Texto completoIn the first part of this manuscript we described dihydrozaphenanthrene fused macrocyclic ring synthesis using a unique domino sequence n-arylation/c-h activation/ c-c bond forming process. This sequence is catalyzed by palladium and is the unique way to rapidly acces to macrocyclic ring via n-arylation with good to excellent yield. During this study, we demonstrated that our substrate acted as ligand for the palladium and favorised the cyclisation. We also determined bond formation order and proved that c-n bond formation preceded c-c bond formation. And we have been able to isolate an intermediate palladium complex, which allowed us to propose a possible mechanism for this transformation. This methodology was successfully applied to 5,6-dihydro-8h-5,7a-diaza-cyclohepta[jk]phenanthrene-4,7-dione synthesis. Then, we demonstrated that copper could be a good catalyst to promote intramolecular n-arylation to produce 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-dione. In a second part, we described a new way to synthetize 5-aminooxazole using a passerini modified two component reaction between an aldehyde and an isocyanoacetamide. Those reactions could have been diastereoselectively controlled and applied to rapid synthesis of dipeptide containing norstatine motif
Graux, Lionel. "Nouveaux complexes de ruthénium (II) associés aux Oxydes de Phosphine Secondaire (OPS) : Synthèse, caractérisation et application en catalyse". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4366/document.
Texto completoThe past decade has witnessed a renewed interest for Secondary Phosphine Oxides (SPO) in catalysis as preligands of transition metals. While the coordination chemistry and catalytic activity of these species have been mainly studied with palladium and platinum, only few examples with ruthenium have been reported so far.We investigated the synthesis of new ruthenium(II) complexes associated to one or two phosphinous acid ligand (PA) (SPO tautomer) which were fully characterised. Then we were interested in the role played by the ligand during the catalytic cycle. The use of different ruthenium sources allowed us to isolate [Ru]/SPO complexes (oxygen coordinated) and [Ru]/PA complexes (phosphorous coordinated). We evaluated the catalytic activities of these well-defined complexes in C-H bond activation and cycloisomerisation from alkynes or ynamides. During the course of these studies, the influence of ligand stereoelectronic parameters in the catalytic process have been demonstrated.Moreover, in a side project, we explored a new reactivity of ynamides with cyclic 1,3-diketones catalysed by palladium, cationic gold or ruthenium complexes. This reactivity gives access to alpha-alkoxysubstituted enamides
Martin-Soudant, Nathalie. "Activation oncogénique de c-ets-1 : importance de l'isoleucine 445 située dans le domaine de liaison à l'ADN de c-Ets-1, mutée en valine dans sa version oncogénique v-Ets du rétrovirus aviaire E26". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10086.
Texto completoSkhiri, Aymen. "Réactivité des chlorures de benzènesulfonyle pour l'accès à des hétéroarènes et alcènes arylés via des réactions pallado-catalysées". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S080.
Texto completoIn this thesis we have been interested in the synthesis of arylated heterocycles via the activation of sp2 C-H bonds of heteroaromatics and to the synthesis of halo-substituted arylated alkenes using palladium-catalysis. The products obtained are considered to be molecular bricks which are of interest to biochemists as well as to the preparation of materials. The catalyst system Pd(MeCN)2Cl2/Li2CO3/dioxane allows the direct access to a wide variety of arylated molecules from heteroarenes or alkenes and benzenesulfonyl chlorides. We have developed a method for the direct β-arylation of selenophenes from selenophenes and benzenesulfonyl chlorides. We have also shown that the use of (poly)halogenated benzenesulfonyl chlorides makes it possible to synthesize, by Pd-catalyzed reactions, (poly)halo-substituted arylated heteroarenes, stilbenes or cinnamates
Graux, Lionel. "Nouveaux complexes de ruthénium (II) associés aux Oxydes de Phosphine Secondaire (OPS) : Synthèse, caractérisation et application en catalyse". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4366.
Texto completoThe past decade has witnessed a renewed interest for Secondary Phosphine Oxides (SPO) in catalysis as preligands of transition metals. While the coordination chemistry and catalytic activity of these species have been mainly studied with palladium and platinum, only few examples with ruthenium have been reported so far.We investigated the synthesis of new ruthenium(II) complexes associated to one or two phosphinous acid ligand (PA) (SPO tautomer) which were fully characterised. Then we were interested in the role played by the ligand during the catalytic cycle. The use of different ruthenium sources allowed us to isolate [Ru]/SPO complexes (oxygen coordinated) and [Ru]/PA complexes (phosphorous coordinated). We evaluated the catalytic activities of these well-defined complexes in C-H bond activation and cycloisomerisation from alkynes or ynamides. During the course of these studies, the influence of ligand stereoelectronic parameters in the catalytic process have been demonstrated.Moreover, in a side project, we explored a new reactivity of ynamides with cyclic 1,3-diketones catalysed by palladium, cationic gold or ruthenium complexes. This reactivity gives access to alpha-alkoxysubstituted enamides
Brazi, Eric. "Activation de la liaison C-H : hydroxylation catalytique des hydrocarbures par de nouveaux complexes alkylperoxydiques de cobalt (iii), déshydrogénation sélective et catalytique de cycloalcanes en présence d'éponges à hydrogènes à base d'uranium métal". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066680.
Texto completoHostier, Thomas. "Activation de liaisons C-O catalysée par le nickel et sulfénylation de liaisons C-H". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066587/document.
Texto completoThe development of new flexible synthetic methods for the regioselective formation of carbon carbon or carbon-heteroatom represents an ongoing challenge in organic chemistry. The work presented in this manuscript concerns the development of efficient and easy to implement protocols on nickel-catalyzed C-O bond activation and metal-free C-H sulfenylation.It was demonstrated that the use of a single catalytic system based on nickel(II) acetate and triphenylphosphine oxide under mild conditions (40 ° C) could perform the cross-coupling between an alkenyl methyl ether and a Grignard reagent via the insertion of the Ni catalyst into the C-OMe bond. An electrophilic sulfenylation reaction of (hetero)aromatics has also been developed. The use of N thiosuccinimides as sulfenylating partners, in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, allowed us to achieve with a very good regioselectivity the sulfenylation of electron-rich aromatics. This method was also applied to unprotected indoles in order to access functionalized 2 thioindoles
Boulho, Cédric. "Complexes de Niobium : interactions C-C agostiques et activation de liaisons CH". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/487/.
Texto completoIn this dissertation, following a first chapter reviewing the current knowledge on the CC agostic interactions, we deal with the properties and reactivity of niobium complexes TpMe2NbX(c-C3H5)(MeC=CMe). The second chapter describes the reactivity of the complex TpMe2NbMe(c-C3H5)(MeC=CMe). At room temperature, it activates the aromatic CH bond of benzene by elimination of methane via a rare beta-H abstraction followed by an 1,3-addition on the intermediate TpMe2Nb(eta2-cyclopropene)(MeC=CMe). The product TpMe2NbPh(c-C3H5)(MeC=CMe) activates a second CH bond via a transient species TpMe2Nb(eta2-benzyne)(MeC=CMe) to give the complex TpMe2NbPh2(MeC=CMe). The detailed mechanistic study demonstrates that the highly reactive intermediates (eta2-cyclopropene or eta2-benzyne) preferentially activate the strongest CH bonds. The third chapter tackles the selectivity between benzylic and aromatic CH bond activation by these complexes. This reflects the competition between steric, electronic and statistic effects. The fourth chapter describes the study of the cyclopropyl group in these complexes. All complexes exhibit a rare alpha-CC agostic interaction. We demonstrate that the experimentally determined JCC coupling constant (NMR) is a reliable probe to detect such interaction, like CH agostic interactions
Dupont, Jairton. "Activation-fonctionnalisation intramoleculaire de liaisons c-h par le palladium". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13197.
Texto completoDupont, Jairton. "Activation-fonctionnalisation intramoléculaire de liaisons C-H par le palladium". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376133600.
Texto completoLeclercq, Elise. "Formation de liaisons C-S et C-C par activation photo- et électrochimique en flux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2023/2023ULILR037.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis describes the development of new methodologies for the formation of C-C and C-S bonds via electro-and photochemical activation in order to develop eco-friendlier batch and continuous flow processes. The use of photons offers organic chemists an excellent opportunity to introduce a high level of molecular complexity in a “reagent-free” environment. Organic electrosynthesis makes it to replace the use of oxidizing and reducing chemical agents by the addition or removal of one or more electrons from electrodes, which can be assimilated as a green, clean and trace-free reagent and which can be derived form renewable electricity. That's why, electrosynthesis is more and more attractive for carrying out oxidation-reduction reactions. In addition, the transposition of photochemical and electrochemical in flow is also more interesting as it makes possible to considerably reduce energy costs, reaction time but also to improve the selectivity of reactions. In the first part, this work focuses on the development of an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines electrochemical sulfonylation reaction in conventional and flow reactors. This method is compatible with a wide range of nitrogen heterocycles and substituents (37 examples described with a maximum yield of 90%).The second part concerns the development of a new method for trifluoromethylation of nitrogenous heterocyles by electrochemical activationin conventional and flow reactors. This methodology makes possible to obtain a wide range of protected and unprotected trifluoromethyl pyridinones with average to good yields and without supporting electrolyte. Moreover, the conversion of this reaction to a method of oxy- and trifluoromethylation of cyclic enamides is introduced in a last part. The use of flow devices being limited to completely homogeneous reactions and to avoid any clogging phenomenon, only the reaction of oxy-trifluoromethylation could be carried out in fluidic reactor also allowing electrolyte suppression. The reaction tolerates many substituents both on the benzyl cycle and on the enamide cycle and the influence of the nucleophile on the oxy-trifluoromethylation reaction has been studied and led to average to excellent yields (55% to 90%).Finally, in the last section, we set out to develop a new method for C-C bond formation by photochemical activation via new aryne photoprecursors. The preliminary results obtained are encouraging for further study, with a view to transposition to a fluidic reactor.In conclusion, this work demonstrates the benefits and limitations of continuous flow technology, particularly for photochemical and electrosynthesis processes. The use of microfluidic devices in electrosynthesis enables the decarbonization of organic oxidation-reduction reactions, accompanied by a significant reduction in electricity consumption by a third at constant productivity, while limiting the use of supporting electrolytes in an atom-saving approach. This methodological approach coupled with a low-carbon electricity source is thus virtuous and thus offers a solution to current environmental problems. In addition, the development of a new methodology for generating arynes using green activation may prove promising for the future
Vece, Vito. "Formation de liaisons C-C et C-O par activation électrophile de doubles liaisons catalysée par des superacides de Brönsted et de Lewis". Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4028.
Texto completoThe use of Brönsted superacids (TfOH and Tf2NH) or Lewis superacids (M(n)(OTf)n and M(n)(NTf2)n) in organic synthesis presents a high interest in a wide number of reactions, particularly for the C-O, C-N and C-C bond formation involving the electrophilic activation of a double bond. These superacids could be used in sub-stoichiometric amounts whiole remaining more active and selective than more conventional Lewis acids, therefore improving the Green Chemistry aspects of our studies. We have used these catalysts to carry out Friedel-Crafts type reactions, tandem Friedel-Crafts-hydroalkoxylation processes and cycloisomerisations. The polyfunctionalised compounds for which a novel and efficient access is proposed present potential applications in medicinal, agricultural and perfume chemistry. A first chapter is devoted to the bibliographical studies of the various topics presented in this manuscript. In a second chapter, the Friedel-Crafts type allylation reaction from aromatic cycles, phenolic or not, have been studied and oriented towards the synthesis of valuable chemicals of industrial relevance. In a third chapter, mechanistic studies based on kinetic measurements and theoretical calculations on this reaction are presented. In a fourth chapter, cyclisation reactions of polyinsaturated compounds such as 1,6-dienes and aza-dines are presented. The cycloisomerisation of substituted 1,6-dienes allowed the access to several new compounds of interest in fragrance chemistry, a central interest of our laboratory. The application of the catalytic systems studied in the synthesis of compounds with odorant properties has
Smari, Imen. "Synthèse et réactivité en catalyse de nouveaux hétéroaromatiques". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S012/document.
Texto completoThis thesis work dealing with the activation / functionalization of CH bonds for the formation of derivatives of heteroaryl. We sum so interested in the reactivity of derivatives of 4-formylpyrazole for pallado-catalyzed via CH bond activation couplings. The formyl C4 is used to control the regioselectivity of the arylation. Subsequently, we investigated the reactivity of 2-bromofluorènes in these coupling reactions. The third part focuses on the synthesis of aminothiophenes and pyrrolyl-thiophene. The originality of our approach is the use of these compounds as a precursor in pallado-catalyzed reactions. Finally, the last part is devoted to the reactivity of 3-bromobenzothiophene in pallado-catalysed reactions without cleavage of the C-Br bond C3 benzothiophene
Saiegh, Tomas. "Activation de liaisons C-H de cyclobutènes et de sulfolènes. Application à la synthèse d’hétérocycles". Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLS016.
Texto completoIn recent years, the development of synthetic methods relying on C–H bond functionalization has expandedthe reaction toolbox for the construction of heterocycles. Although considerable progress has been made in the fieldof aromatic C–H bond activation in the presence of transition metal complexes, the substrate scope of methods relyingon the activation of vinylic C(sp2)−H bonds has been much less investigated. In this context, the work carried out duringthis PhD thesis has been devoted to the development of (4+2) heteroannulation reactions relying on the activation ofvinylic C(sp2)−H bonds in cyclobuten-1-ylcarboxylic acid derivatives. In the presence of acetylenic partners andrhodium(III) complexes, this strategy has allowed access to diversely substituted cyclobuta[c]pyrones and -pyridones.These latter compounds can be transformed into cyclobuta[c]pyridines which are precursors of orthoquinodimethanes, by opening of the four-membered ring, that can be involved in the synthesis of polycyclic compounds thanks to Diels-Alder reactions. Accordingly to a similar approach, 3-sulfolene-3-carboxylic acid derivatives were also involved in rhodium-catalyzed (4+2) heteroannulations with alkynes to access sulfolenyl pyrones, pyridones and pyridines. These latter heterocycles are also ortho-quinodimethanes precursors by cheletropic elimination ofsulfur dioxide
Krieger, Jean-Philippe. "Réarrangements de cycles et activation de liaisons C-H : synthèse de macrocycles". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066765.
Texto completoThere is currently a growing interest for macrocycles as scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Therefore, the development of new and efficient strategies toward this class of compounds represents a major challenge. In the first part of our research work, we have been interested in the synthesis of functionalized paracyclophanes incorporating heteroatoms, capitalizing on a Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder reaction sequence from tricyclic dienes and acetylenic dienophiles. The tricyclic dienes precursors could be quickly assembled from simple and readily available building blocks, using a reliable sequence involving a Sonogashira cross-coupling, the semi-hydrogenation of an alkyne and a six-pi electron electrocyclization. The resulting tricyclic dienes were engaged in an intermolecular Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder reaction sequence to provide paracyclophanes possessing a trisubstituted aromatic ring. An intramolecular version of this sequence was devised which enabled access to unique paracyclophanes with a cage architecture incorporating a tri- or tetrasubstitued aromatic ring. The second part of our investigations was devoted to the development of transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation mediated macrocyclizations. In the presence of a ruthenium(II) complex as the catalyst, the cyclization of Omethylhydroxamic acids substituted by a carbon chain possessing a remote alkyne could be achieved and provided an efficient access to macrocyclic isoquinolones. A similar transformation was applied to alpha,betaunsaturated hydroxamic acids derivatives substituted by an acetylenic chain, using a catalytic system based on a rhodium(III) complex, to afford macrocyclic pyridones
Sofack-Kreutzer, Julien. "Synthèses de carbocycles et d'hétérocycles à cinq chaînons par activation de liaisons c(sp3)-h non activées". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744243.
Texto completoHazari, Amaruka. "Palladium catalysed alylic-C-F bond formation and activation". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526523.
Texto completoHitce, Julien. "Fonctionnalisation intramoléculaire de liaisons C(sp3)-H catalysée par le palladium : études méthodologiques et applications en synthèse organique". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112192.
Texto completoA palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C(sp3)-H functionalization reaction of benzylic alkyl groups was studied. Both methodological and synthetic aspects were investigated. Thus, in order to determine the scope and the limitations of this new methodology and to emphasize its synthetic value, the reactivity of a variety of substrates was studied using a specifically designed catalyst. This transformation afforded either olefins adjacent to a quaternary carbon atom by dehydrogenation or polycycles by intramolecular arylation of C(sp3)-H bonds. The dehydrogenation methodology was illustrated in the synthesis of the antihypertensive drug verapamil. The mechanism of the new reaction involves 5- and 6-membered palladacycles: the C-H bond cleavage is an intramolecular process. Moreover, the catalytically active species is most probably a molecular complex though the formation of palladium nanoparticles was evidenced. Finally, selective palladium-catalyzed cascade reactions were designed. They combined C(sp3)-H functionalization, Heck cyclization, Heck arylation or olefin hydrogenation to afford valuable 4- and 5-membered carbocycles
Isaac, James Alfred. "Conception et synthèse de catalyseurs de cuivre bio-inspirés pour l'activation de liaisons C-H". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV068/document.
Texto completoCopper-oxygen adducts in enzymes have been proposed to be responsible for the activation of C-H bonds, a process that has industrial applications. The first part of this thesis is therefore dedicated to a discussion on various copper oxygenases and their model complexes. Recently, key reactive intermediates have emerged and among them mixed valent CuIICuIII species have been proposed to be responsible for strong C-H bond activation.In this work the stabilisation and spectroscopic characterisation of high valent intermediates using dinucleating ligands based on a 1,8-naphthyridine spacer are explored. The generation of Cu2:O2 species from the activation of O2 by CuI2 complexes is discussed. Two µ-ɳ2:ɳ2-peroxo-CuII2 complexes have been prepared at -80°C and characterised by spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT). Our attempts at generating dinuclear systems using new dissymmetric ligands with an amide function are also discussed. Finally the successful characterisation of mixed valent CuIICuIII species by mono-electronic oxidation of CuII2 complexes is described (cyclic voltammetry, electron paramagnetic resonance, UV-visible, near infrared and DFT).The last part focusses on probing the reactivity of CuIICuIII species, for which the literature is almost inexistent. When sterically congested ligands are used to support the mixed valent system, intramolecular aliphatic C-H oxidation was observed, whether as the CuIICuIII species supported by a less bulky ligand was able to oxidise toluene. Interestingly the addition of a base made the system catalytic
Hough, Sarita Elizabeth. "Regioselective, Nucleophilic Activation of C-F Bonds in o-Fluoroanilines". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90657.
Texto completoMaster of Science
This thesis describes reactions of fluorinated anilines with titanium amides to make fluorinated 1,2-phenylenediamines. The reaction gives high to moderate yields, and is highly selective for ortho substitution. The scope of the reaction, trends in reactivity among substrates, product characterization, and reaction mechanism are discussed. This reaction is of interest because fluorinated aniline derivatives are a privileged structural motif in pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. The first chapter presents an overview of C-F bond activation and key background information. Chapter 2 is a description of the experiments and an in-depth analysis of their results. Chapter 3 presents detailed characterization data for substances generated in this research. Chapter 4 comprises some concluding remarks and plans for possible future extensions of the research.
Begouin, Jeanne-Marie. "Activation de composés aromatiques et hétéroaromatiques pour la formation de liaisons C-C et C-N par catalyse au cobalt". Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0033.
Texto completoTransition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions allowing the formation of C-C or C-Heteroatom bonds underlie the synthesis of key intermediates for pharmaceutical, supramolecular chemistry and material sciences. Thereby, the development of these methodologies is prominent and an increasing number of studies are devoted to these processes. However, some metallic catalysts are known to be rather expensive or toxic. Consequently, the development of alternative sustainable catalysts such as cobalt or ironbased catalysts has been studied over the past few years. Cobalt-catalysts have been little-used although they have shown to be effective for various C-C bond forming reactions. Functionalized arylzinc reagents can be readily obtained from the corresponding arylhalides using a CoBr2-catalyzed reaction. First we envisioned using these arylzinc reagents in CoBr2-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with chlorodiazines and chlorotriazines leading to aryldiazines and aryltriazines. Benzylzinc reagents had also been used in these reactions and we synthesized various benzyltriazines in this manner. We also studied whether we can use other kind of substrates in these reactions. Thus, we performed CoBr2-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions between arylzinc reagents and methylthiopyrimidines or methylthiobenzo[b]thiazole derivatives leading to 2,4-diarylpyrimidines and 2- arylbenzo[b]thiazole. Then, we studied the reactivity of benzonitrile derivatives in direct cross-coupling reactions with arylhalide based on C-CN bond activation using CoBr2 as catalyst. Finally, we also carried out the study of CoBr2-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions for the synthesis of diarylamines
Raynal, Matthieu. "Nouvelles classes de ligands et complexes métalliques pour la fonctionnalisation d’alcanes par activation C-H". Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2009/RAYNAL_Matthieu_2009.pdf.
Texto completoHighly active homogeneous catalysts for the dehydrogenation of linear and cyclic alkanes have been developed since 1996. These iridium complexes contained a tridentate bis(phosphine) [for {IrPCP}, A] or bis(phosphinite) ligand [for {IrPOCOP}, B] (Scheme 1). The goal of this work was to synthesize and characterize Nheterocyclic carbenes (NHC) analogues of these complexes (target molecules C, Scheme 1) and to evaluate their activity in alkane dehydrogenation reactions. The transformation of alkanes into alkenes represents a very important reaction, both scientifically and economically. Nheterocyclic carbenes were chosen for their unique stereroelectronic properties. Indeed, NHCs are even better σdonors than trialkylphosphines and can strongly stabilize metal ions. Thus, the dissociation energy of the MNHC bond is particularly high. The features of NHC ligands are important for catalytic applications: the presence of NHC ligands in the coordination sphere of the metal increases the electron density around the metal center. This facilitates the oxidative addition process which is a key step in numerous catalytic systems and notably in the functionalization of alkanes. The fact that the MNHC bond is strong limits the loss of ligand during the catalytic process. In {IrPCP} and {IrPOCOP} complexes, the ligand acts as a « pincer » for the metal. Pincer ligands are rigid, chelating ligands which strongly stabilize metal ions. The resulting homogeneous complexes are thermostable and can be used at relatively high temperatures (200 250°C for {IrPCP} « pincer » complexes for example) without degradation. Metal complexes with pincer, planar and rigid ligands which incorporate at least one NHC functionality have been intensively studied during the last ten years and exhibit unique catalytic properties. However, at the beginning of this project, no NHC pincer complex of iridium was reported in the literature. We have developed a synthetic route towards new hydrido, Nheterocyclic dicarbene iridium(III) pincer complexes (Scheme 2, molecules 12). Hollis et al reported the preparation of the iodidebridged dimer CNHCCCNHC iridium complex 3 (Scheme 2) in 2 steps with a yield inferior to 50%. Our method provides a more direct route and allows the synthesis of the expected complexes 12 in one step from the corresponding bis(imidazolium) salts in almost 70% yield. The diiodide analogues 46 were also isolated in almost 30% yield (Scheme 2). Experimental conditions used to prepare complexes 12 and 46 were thoroughly investigated. The influence of several parameters [nature of the bis(imidazolium) precursor, nature and amount of base, temperature, addition of KI and reaction time] on the course of the formation of NHC complexes and on the nature of the complexes was demonstrated. Reaction intermediates in the synthesis of pincer complexes were isolated and a possible mechanism for their formation was suggested. The NHC dicarbene ligand 7, remarkably stable at room temperature, was prepared and its reaction towards several iridium precursors yielded monoand dinuclear iridium complexes in which the ligand acts as a bridge and no as a chelate or a pincer as might have been anticipated (Scheme 3). The heterodinuclear Ir(I)Rh(I) complex 8, which constitutes a rare example of heterobimetallic complex with a NHC ligand, was synthesized in two steps from 7. The unprecedented and unexpected structure of 9, which possesses a remarkable figure ofeight topology,is useful in order to reconsider some chelate structures postulated in the literature for similar complexes (Scheme 3). Only a few comparative studies dealing with the influence of the nature of the weak base on the course of the formation of NHC complexes have been disclosed in the literature. We were able to demonstrate that higher yields of monoand dinuclear NHC complexes were obtained, for a given reaction time, when Cs2CO3 was used in place of NEt3. For the synthesis of the dinuclear complexes 9, the choice of the base is even more critical, because products are formed only when Cs2CO3 is used. Two different pathways are conceivable for the formation of the IrNHC bond in our complexes: either a combined oxidative addition/HX base assisted elimination process or the formation of the free carbene and its in situ coordination to the Ir(I) center. In the latter case, the higher intrinsic basicity of Cs2CO3 compared to NEt3 would represent an advantage for the generation of a free carbene. Moreover, protonation of the free carbene by the conjugate acid of Cs2CO3 is less likely than the reaction between free carbene and [HNEt3]+X. As mentioned above, we envisaged to use our iridium pincer complexes as catalysts for the functionalization of alkanes. Firstly, we calibrated our experimental conditions with a precursor of reference {IrPOCOP}. Then, we tested 12 and 46, under different conditions, but no significant activity was observed for the transfer dehydrogenation of cyclooctane with tertbutylethylene as olefin acceptor. Several pathways were envisaged to obtain an active catalyst. We are focusing on the synthesis of CNHCCCNHC 16electron iridium(III) pincer complexes (in contrast to 18electron complexes 12 and 46). We are currently studying in the laboratory: (a) the preparation of a complex D (Scheme 4) containing a mixeddonor phosphorus NHC ligand in which the phosphorus substituents can provide the steric hindrance necessary to stabilize a 16electron iridium(III) complex,(b) the increase of the steric hindrance of the NHC ligand by replacing, for example, the nbutyl group by adamantyl groups on the nitrogen of the imidazole rings (E, Scheme 4). Finally, the perspectives of this work include the use of our IrNHC complexes as catalysts for other reactions such as the hydrogenation of trisubstituted alkenes,transfer hydrogenationsor the Oppenauertype oxidationof alcohols. Modifications of the ligand architecture can lead to envisage applications of our complexes in asymmetric catalysis (hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation or hydrosilylation). RhNHC complexes (hydroformylation or hydroaminomethylation of alkenes) or CrNHC complexes (ethylene oligomerisation) can also find outstanding applications
Bu, Qingqing. "Ruthenium- and Cobalt-Catalyzed C-H Activation". Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E4FC-F.
Texto completoRoger, Julien. "Arylations d’hétéroarènes via activation / fonctionnalisation de liaisons C-H par des catalyseurs du palladium". Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S086.
Texto completoDuring this thesis, we are interested in the activation/functionalisation of C-H bonds for the formation of biaryls, which would provide a cost effective and environmentally attractive procedure in comparison to other types of couplings such as Suzuki, Stille or Negishi. First, we demonstrated that it is possible to use electron-rich aryl triflates to functionalize heteroarenes. The best catalytic system seems to be Pd(OAc)₂/PPh₃ with KOAc orCs₂CO₃ in DMF. Then, we have demonstrated that by using as little as 0,1–0,001 mol% of Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst precursor, without ligand, it was possible to perform a regioselective intermolecular 5-arylation of heteroaromatics such as furans, thiophenes, thiazoles, pyrroles or imidazoles in the presence of aryl bromides. A wide range of substituents, such as acetyl, benzoyl, nitro, nitrile, trifluoromethyl, fluoro, alkyl or methoxy on the aryl bromide are tolerated. In addition, we also showed that it was possible to use of heteroaromatics bearing unprotected amine or alcohol functions. Finally, we have demonstrated that carbonates, which are considered as "green" solvents, can be used for the direct arylation of heteroaromatics. In the presence of propylene carbonate or diethyl carbonate and 1 mol% of PdCl(C₃H₅)(dppb) as the catalyst precursor, it was possible to obtain the 2-arylation of benzoxazole
Müller, Valentin [Verfasser]. "C–H and C–F Activation by Manganese, Nickel and Ruthenium Catalysis / Valentin Müller". Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232492787/34.
Texto completoFallon, Brendan. "Cobalt-catalyzed bond activation : C-H functionalization, hydrosilylation and coupling reactions". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066411/document.
Texto completoThis thesis has focused on the use of well-defined low-valent cobalt complexes of the family RCo(PMe3)4 for a variety of bond activation (C–H, Si–H, C–X). We aimed to develop a catalytic system that could compete with the previously reported bimetallic systems of Yoshikai and expensive rhodium catalysis. To this end, we successful demonstrated that Co(PMe3)4 and HCo(PMe3)4 are efficient catalysts for the hydroarylation of a broad variety of alkynes and alkenes. In addition, we carried out extensive mechanistic investigations using deuterium labelling experiments and theoretical studies namely DFT. The main finding of these studies was that the C–H bond activation proceeded via a ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfer mechanism. Following on from this study we then showed that it was possible to carry out the regio- and stereoselective hydrosilylation of internal alkynes with a broad variety of hydrosilanes. During this study we successfully isolated an interesting cobalt(III) intermediate which we believe plays a crucial role in the reaction mechanism. Finally, we report on the ability of these catalysts to efficiently catalyze the homocoupling of benzyl halides in the presence of dimethylzinc. Initial mechanistic investigations suggest that the reaction takes via two single electron transfers and that dimethylzinc act to regenerate the catalyst
Renaudat, Alice. "Fonctionnalisation de liaisons C(sp3)-H non activées catalysées par le palladium". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704011.
Texto completoDryzhakov, Marian. "Nitro-assisted Brønsted acid catalysis : activation of C(sp3)–O and C(sp3)–F bonds". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF012/document.
Texto completoAlcohols are attractive electrophilic partners for nucleophilic substitution reactions as water is the only by-product in a reaction with protic nucleophiles. Despite being a highly desirable reaction, the scope of useful catalytic transformations remains limited to specific alcohol-nucleophile pairs and a general set of catalytic conditions remains elusive. This thesis describes the development of a general and mild catalyst system for the activation of a broad range of π-activated and aliphatic alcohols to address key limitations in the field. B(C6F6)3•H2O, a strong Brønsted acid, when combined with nitromethane has been found as a widely useful catalyst system for chemoselective alcohol substitution in the presence of acid sensitive functionalities and protecting groups without the typical compromises in reaction rates, substrate/nucleophile scope and catalyst loading. In particular, a co-catalytic effect of nitro compounds is described for the B(C6F6)3•H2O catalyzed azidation of tertiary aliphatic alcohols, enabling catalyst turnover for the first time. On the basis of kinetic, electronic, and spectroscopic investigations, higher order hydrogen-bonded aggregates of nitro compounds and acids are proposed as kinetically competent Brønsted acid catalysts at the origin of the enhanced reactivity. The utility of the new catalytic conditions has been extended beyond alcohol activation and applied to the cleavage of strong C–F bonds in defluorinative Friedel-Crafts reactions of tertiary aliphatic fluorides
Baladi, Tom. "Autour du noyau imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine : inhibiteurs potentiels de la protéine kinase Tyro3 et fonctionnalisation directe de liaisons C – H". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS386/document.
Texto completoBladder cancer is a major medical issue, being the fourth most frequent cancer in men and treatable only with heavy surgery and/or broad-spectrum chemotherapy. This thesis project deals with the discovery of new targeted therapies of bladder cancer by blocking specifically, at a molecular scale in cancer cells, the signaling pathways in which protein kinase Tyro3 is involved. Indeed, its overexpression in most bladder cancers and the major part it plays in cancer cells survival have led to the validation of protein kinase Tyro3 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of bladder cancer. This thesis project can be divided into three main parts: the development of new synthetic methods around the imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine scaffold, the synthesis of a library of compounds using these methods and eventually the study of structure-activity relationships of these compounds versus Tyro3
Rondon, Rodriguez Deyanira. "Activation de liaisons C-X (X= H, O, C, Cl, S) et aromatisation d'hydrocarbures cycliques par le fragment cationique pentaméthylcyclopentadienyl ruthénium". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30203.
Texto completoGiffin, Kaitlyn Anne. "Selective C-F and Ni-C Bond Activation of Fluoronickelacycles as a Function of Ancillary Ligands". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36619.
Texto completoDekhici, Mébrouka. "Activation aérobie et biomimétique de liaisons C-H des phénols catalysée par les complexes cuivre-amines". Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2041.
Texto completoWe have studied the aerobic oxidations of phenols catalyzed by copper-amines complexes. The new catalyst PEI-copper was found more active than the amine-copper catalysts previously described, but less effective than the complexe CuCl(OH)TMEDA. For the first time, we have found a catalytic oxidation providing the Pummerer's ketone. The catalytic oxidation of pyrogallol in Purpurogalline (benzotropolone) was also possible without using enzyme. We have oxidized 2-naphthols in bi-naphthols. The coupling reaction was extended to the synthesis of dihydroxycoumarine, a natural antiviral compound. Some biomimetic reactions (coumestane, alkaloid tetracyclic synthesis) were obtained by catalytic aerobic oxidation