Artículos de revistas:

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Corten, André. "Port-au-Prince, Washington, Santo Domingo Premières leçons d'un embargo (Note)". Études internationales 25, n.º 4 (12 de abril de 2005): 671–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/703386ar.

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After three pro-embargo resolutions from the OAS and five from the Security Council, an American military intervention authorized by the United Nations has enabled the democratically elected president Jean-Bertrand Aristide to return to office. This article seeks to trace the escalation from embargo to military intervention with reference to the transnationalization of social, economic, and political relations in which Haïti, the United States, and the Dominican Republic are directly involved. Large-scale population movements - deemed to be "threats to peace", and the importance of a "humanitarian" form of discourse and, even more so, a form of discourse about the "suffering" of the "unfortunate people of Haïti who are bearing... the full weight of sanctions" (Boutros-Ghali) are components of such transnationalized relations. These relations have developed in a setting that the boat people issue has determined in several ways, a setting where one can make out, on the one hand, a joining of forces between, among other people, the Haïtian priest-president and the U.S. congressional black caucus and, on the other hand, a shaky coalition comprising notably the president of the Dominican Republic, the Dominican archbishop, the Conference of Haitian bishops, the Vatican, and certain sectors of the American administration. Pena Gomez - a black man believed to be of Haïtian origin - ran as candidate for the Dominican presidential election and his candidacy was favoured for quite some time in the opinion polls. He ultimately failed, however, to provide an alternative in terms of political culture. The election on May 16, 1994 in the Dominican Republic was marked by incidents of fraud. The "international community", preoccupied as it was with re-establishing peace in Haiti, reacted feebly.

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MILLER, M. W., D. B. MCCLELLAN, J. W. WIENER y B. STOFFLE. "Apparent rapid fisheries escalation at a remote Caribbean island". Environmental Conservation 34, n.º 2 (29 de mayo de 2007): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892907003852.

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Navassa Island is a small uninhabited island, approximately 60 km west of the south-west tip of Haiti (18°24′N, 75°00′W). Haiti laid claim to the island in 1804, however the USA claimed it under the Guano Act of 1856 and recently placed it under jurisdiction of the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Remoteness from USFWS administration in Puerto Rico and disputed sovereignty by Haiti make enforcement of management impractical. Artisanal fishers from Haiti have frequented Navassa over the past several decades. Given the lack of current land-based development and limited transient land-based activity (for example salting fish and gear construction), Navassa provides a case study where fishing is largely isolated as the dominant human impact on coastal resources.

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Sijid, St Aisyah, Cut Muthiadin, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain y Ar Syarif Hidayat. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TUAK TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI HATI MENCIT (Mus musculus) ICR JANTAN". Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA 11, n.º 2 (30 de julio de 2020): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jpmipa.v11i2.36623.

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Liver damage or liver disease is caused by many factors, one of which is by consuming drinks that contain alcohol. Tuak is one of the drinks that contain alcohol. This study aims to determine the effect of palm wine administration on the histopathological picture of male ICR mice (Mus musculus) liver. This study used 20 mice consisting of 4 treatments namely P0 = 0 mL / day / head; P1 = 0.1 mL / day / head; P2 = 0.2 mL / day / head and P3 = 0.3 mL / day / head. The parameters observed were body weight of mice, liver weight and liver histopathology of mice. The results showed that administration of palm wine to male ICR mice at different doses gave an influence on the histopathological picture of male ICR mice (Mus musculus).AbstrakKerusakan hati atau penyakit liver disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah dengan mengkonsumsi minuman yang mengandung alkohol. Tuak merupakan salah satu minuman yang mengandung alkohol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian tuak terhadap gambaran histopatologi hati mencit (Mus musculus) ICR jantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor mencit yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu P0 = 0 mL/hari/ekor; P1 = 0,1 mL/hari/ekor; P2 = 0,2 mL/hari/ekor dan P3 = 0,3 mL/hari/ekor. Parameter yang diamati adalah berat badan mencit, berat hati dan histopatologi hati mencit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tuak pada mencit ICR jantan dengan dosis yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh terhadap gambaran histopatologi hati mencit (Mus musculus) ICR jantan.Kata Kunci: Hati, Histopatologi, Mencit, Tuak

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Mathieu, Els, Abdel N. Direny, Madsen Beau de Rochars, Thomas G. Streit, David G. Addiss y Patrick J. Lammie. "Participation in three consecutive mass drug administrations in Leogane, Haiti". Tropical Medicine and International Health 11, n.º 6 (junio de 2006): 862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01626.x.

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5

Won, Kimberly Y., Madsen Beau de Rochars, Dominique Kyelem, Thomas G. Streit y Patrick J. Lammie. "Assessing the Impact of a Missed Mass Drug Administration in Haiti". PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 3, n.º 8 (25 de agosto de 2009): e443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000443.

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6

HOCHBERG, NATASHA, ELS MATHIEU, PATRICK J. LAMMIE, DAVID G. ADDISS, MARIE C. MICHEL, MADSEN BEAU DE ROCHARS y ABDEL N. DIRENY. "SYMPTOMS REPORTED AFTER MASS DRUG ADMINISTRATION FOR LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS IN LEOGANE, HAITI". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 75, n.º 5 (1 de noviembre de 2006): 928–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2006.75.928.

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7

Morley, Morris y Chris McGillion. ""Disobedient" Generals and the Politics of Redemocratization: The Clinton Administration and Haiti". Political Science Quarterly 112, n.º 3 (1997): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2657562.

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Goldman, Ann S., Molly A. Brady, Luccene Desir, Abdel Direny, Roland Oscard, Jean-Francois Vely, Margaret Baker y Mary Linehan. "Costs of Integrated Mass Drug Administration for Neglected Tropical Diseases in Haiti". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 85, n.º 5 (1 de noviembre de 2011): 826–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0635.

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9

Warren, Kellee E. "Reimagining Instruction in Special Collections: The Special Case of Haiti". American Archivist 83, n.º 2 (1 de septiembre de 2020): 289–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/0360-9081-83.2.289.

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ABSTRACT A growing body of literature has developed around critical archival instruction and archivists as educators. This development demonstrates the pedagogical evolution beyond show-and-tell sessions to critical approaches in archival instruction and specific standards in archival literacy. This article provides a cross-disciplinary discussion of an approach to archival instruction. Also included is a reimagined instruction session using a fragmentary collection from the Saint-Domingue/Haiti colonial administration. Stories of the enslaved are usually marked by death and brutality. But Haiti's is a story of triumph; though fleeting, a victory nonetheless. When instructors decolonize archival instruction, they bring the past into the present and the future. The Haitian Revolution was a large-scale revolt by enslaved Africans, and it was also directly connected to the expansion of the United States. Archival instructors should encourage students to reimagine the stories told from the Saint-Domingue colonial administration collection and from any colonial collections that may be under their care.

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Nogueira, Fernando do Amaral. "HAITI: A TALE OF TWO DISASTERS". Revista de Administração de Empresas 56, n.º 4 (agosto de 2016): 456–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-759020160409.

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11

Hamdan, Rahimah. "WINNING THE HEARTS OF THE MALAYS: THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE AUTHOR OF SYAIR TUAN HAMPRIS TOWARDS THE COLONIALISTS". International Journal of Creative Industries 2, n.º 5 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijcrei.25001.

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This study was aimed at identifying the author’s perspective of the colonialists, and to analyse her relationship with one of them in her poem. The British colonisation of the Malay world in the nineteenth century gave rise to various reactions and attitudes among the indigenous communities, the majority of whom were opposed to colonisation, as recorded in traditional Malay literary works. Most of these works expressed the anxiety and hardships they encountered in life under the colonial government. Therefore, it would have been disturbing if any Malay writer were to heap praises on the British colonialists, more so if the writer happened to be a female, as according to the patriarchal system that dominated the conventional Malay literary world, women should be ‘silent’. Nevertheless, this tradition was broken by Hajah Wok Aisyah Nik Idris from Terengganu with her writing of Syair Tuan Hampris, in the early twentieth century. Ironically, in her poem, the author appears to have forgotten the miserable state of the Malays in the other states under the British administration. As such, did Hajah Wok Aisyah have her own reasons for writing the way she did? Was the author of Syair Tuan Hampris captivated by the British administrator? Did the British administrator, J. L. Humphreys, succeed in winning the hearts of the Malays in Terengganu? The method of text analysis was employed in this study, guided by the eight ways proposed by the first British Resident-General of the Federation of Malaya, Sir Frank Swettenham, to Syair Tuan Hampris. This study found that Syair Tuan Hampris invites its readers to savour the unique spectrum of relationships that existed between the colonised people, and the colonialists. The colonialists are no longer regarded as individuals who brought ruin and destruction to the local community, but instead, all their actions are held as being honourable. Thus, the author, being a woman, was able to perfectly explain her closeness to one such colonialist in the verses of her poem. In conclusion, Syair Tuan Hampris is strong and direct proof that women had a voice in the community at that time, even though they had to go against the conventions of Malay literature.

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Andayani, Prawita Lintang, Koekoeh Santoso, Nastiti Kusumorini, Aryani Sismin Satyaningtijas y Atin Supiyani. "DETERMINASI PEMBERIAN SUKROSA TERHADAP KADAR SGPT DAN SGOT TIKUS GALUR WISTAR SEBAGAI INDIKATOR FUNGSI HATI". BIOMA 12, n.º 1 (2 de junio de 2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bioma12(1).8.

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The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between sucrose intake at various administration doses to SGPT and SGOT level in Wistar rats. SGPT and SGOT level in blood serum were used as parameter of liver function. Twelve rats were grouped according to administration doses (20%, 40%, 60% of given feed total energy and control group). Sucrose was administered orally once a day for 70 days at given doses by force feeding. SGPT dan SGOT level were measured using SGPT and SGOT Test Kit and read using spectrophotometer. The result indicated that increased administration dose caused a significant increase of SGPT and SGOT level.

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Providence, Christophe. "Nine Indicators to Assess the Financial Issues of Local Government Administrations in Haiti". Scholedge International Journal of Management & Development ISSN 2394-3378 6, n.º 2 (11 de julio de 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/journal.sijmd060201.

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<p>The measurement of the financial issues of local public administrations has never been addressed in the scientific literature on Haiti, either from the point of view of accountability or the evaluation of local public actions. However, the provision of local public goods and services depends on the financial situation of these local public administrations. In this paper, the financial measurement model will be based on nine indicators, three for financial sustainability, three for financial flexibility and three for financial vulnerability. The results demonstrated not only the difficulties faced by municipalities in the West Department in financing their supply of local goods and services to taxpayers, but also the profound disparities in the evolution of their financial health over the period 2015–2018.</p>

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14

Bryan, Anthony T. "The New Clinton Administration and the Caribbean: Trade, Security and Regional Politics". Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 39, n.º 1 (1997): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166499.

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Faced with rapid changes in the global system, most Caribbean countries may seem to be doing everything right. The English-speaking Caribbean countries, in particular, have been exemplary in their practice of democracy and political stability. Others, such as Suriname and Haiti, are nurturing new democratic regimes. Economically, the region has followed the neoliberal reform rule book and implemented policies mandated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. They have trimmed fiscal deficits, privatized state-owned commercial enterprises that were losing money, and liberalized their trading regimes. These measures have been implemented either by reform-minded governments or governments which have seen no alternative. Only Cuba continues to labor under a discredited, ideological model that does not encourage democracy, while its economy mirrors some version of “á la carte capitalism” in the face of an accelerated US embargo.

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Asterina, Asterina y Endrinaldi Endrinaldi. "PENGARUH TIMBAL ASETAT TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ENZIM KATALASE HATI TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN". Majalah Kedokteran Andalas 36, n.º 2 (30 de agosto de 2012): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.22338/mka.v36.i2.p179-187.2012.

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AbstrakTimbal (Pb) dapat ditemukan di berbagai media lingkungan seperti udara, air, debu dan tanah. Logam Pb atau bentuk persenyawaannya berasal dari pembakaran bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor, emisi industri dan dari penggunaan cat bangunan yang mengandung Pb. Toksisitas Pb menghambat sebahagian besar enzim yang terlibat dalam biosintesis heme dan merusak sel hatiTujuan studi ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh timbal (Pb) terhadap aktivitas enzim katalase hati tikus putih jantan. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimental menggunakan 25 ekor tikus putih jantan yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol, dan kelompok perlakuan dengan pemberian Pb asetat dengan dosis konsentrasi 5 mg, 10 mg , 20 mg, dan 40 mg/kg BB selama 26 hari.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan rerata aktivitas katalase hati dan serum secara bermakna (p < 0,05), setelah pemberian Pb asetat selama 26 hari. Penurunan aktivitas katalase hati dan serum tikus secara bermakna (p < 0,05) terjadi antara kelompok kontrol dibandingkan dengan kelompok tikus yang diberi dosis 40 mg/kg BB.Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari studi ini ialah bahwa pemberian Pb asetat dapat menurunkan aktivitas katalase hati dan juga mempengaruhi aktivitas katalase serum tikus.Kata kunci : Pb asetat, katalaseAbstractLead (Pb) can be found in various environmental media such as air, water, dust and dirt. Pb in the form of compounds derived from burning motor vehicle fuel, industrial emissions and from the use of paints containing Pb buildings. Pb toxicity partly inhibit the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of heme and damage the liver cells.The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of lead (Pb) on the enzyme activity of rat liver catalase white male. Experimental research design was used 25 white male rats were divided into five groups, namely the control group and theARTIKEL PENELITIAN180group treated with the administration of Pb acetate at a dose concentration of 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg / kg body weight for 26 days.The results showed an average decrease in liver catalase activity, after administration of Pb acetate for 26 days were significantly (p <0.05). Decrease in catalase activity of rat liver and serum were significantly (p <0.05) occurred between the control group compared with the group of mice given a dose of 40 mg / kg.The conclusion from this study is that the administration of Pb acetate can decrease the liver catalase activity and also affects the activity of serum catalase mice.Key word : Pb Acetate, Catalase

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Jacob, Sergot. "Massification and the public financing of higher education in Haiti: issues and challenges". International Review of Administrative Sciences 86, n.º 2 (19 de julio de 2018): 349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852318781457.

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Haitian higher education is changing, but is little studied. This article examines the conditions under which massification recently occurred, on the one hand, and the extent of the inadequacy of public funding since the 1980s, on the other. It highlights that despite faster mass supply to address a social demand that is also rising sharply, the meagre public funding (on average, 0.33% of gross domestic product, and 1.17% of the state budget) devoted to the financing of public universities over the last 30 years has hindered their development. In fact, despite the modest increase in the budget of public universities compared to the state budget, massification ultimately resulted in a reduction in expenditure per student, which does not help to create the conditions for an acceptable level of quality education, and deprives the sector of its ability to play an effective role in the socio-economic development process of the country by first putting itself in a position to reflect on the problems of society and on its evolution. Points for practitioners The system of virtually free studies, funded by the taxpayer, has reached its limits, while institutional mechanisms for regulating massification are essential to protect the consumer and counter the decline in the quality of education. To carve out a better position for the country on the world stage and benefit from the positive externalities of higher education, more public resources must be invested in it. The stake is therefore triple as means must be found, which must be differentiated, not only to fund the universities and the studies themselves, but also to diversify this funding given the limited resources of the state.

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Santamaria, Estefania, Jean Ronald Cornely, Georges Dubuche y Vincent DeGennaro. "National Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Program in Haiti". Journal of Global Oncology 2, n.º 3_suppl (junio de 2016): 20s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.004275.

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Abstract 19 Background: Project Medishare launched a breast cancer program in Port-au-Prince in 2013 at the request of local partners. In 2015, the program was expanded as part of a national breast cancer treatment program with Equal Health International. With the mission of strengthening Haiti’s Ministry of Health (MSPP) cancer care infrastructure, the program seeks to decentralize cancer care for women living up to eight hours driving distance from Port-au-Prince by building hospital capacity for cancer screening, diagnosis, chemotherapy and hormone therapy provision at outlying hospitals. Methods: In 2013, two physicians and three nurses were trained to handle, mix and administer chemotherapy by American nurses and doctors. To expand the national program in January 2015, 20 additional physicians and 32 nurses from all ten geographic regions underwent a three-day training in Port-au-Prince on treatment algorithms and practical training for breast cancer. As patients came in for treatment at the local institutions, Project Medishare nurses were on site to supervise mixing and administration of chemotherapy. Physicians continued their practical training via telemedicine to confirm treatment plans and dosage calculations. Results: By September 2015, onsite practical training and chemotherapy had occurred at the primary public hospitals in Gonaives, Jacmel, and Les Cayes. One physician and three nurses were fully trained at each site and seven patients with breast cancer have been treated thus far at the new sites. Future efforts will focus on quality improvement and continuing onsite training at the other hospitals as well as encouraging more doctors and patients to utilize regional programs instead of coming to the capital for treatment. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first regularly-operating multi-site chemotherapy program in a low-income country. Our experiences may inform others to expand already established protocol-based cancer programs in low-resource settings. Next steps include working with MSPP to expand chemotherapy access to Cap-Haitien and to launch breast reconstruction programs through similar trainings in Port-au-Prince. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No COIs from the authors.

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Brown, MacAlister. "Election Observers in Cambodia, 1998: What Can We Learn?" Government and Opposition 35, n.º 1 (enero de 2000): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.00013.

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COUNTRIES RIVEN BY INTERNAL CONFLICT HAVE INCREASINGLY SOUGHT to resolve their conf licts and establish stable government by conducting elections, which outside observers can verify as ‘free and fair’. The first highly successful such venture, in Nicaragua 1990, was followed by election operations by the UN in Ethiopia 1992, Angola 1992, El Salvador 1994, Mozambique 1994, South Africa 1994, Haiti 1995, Liberia 1997 and Cambodia 1993 and 1998. The degree of stability and reconciliation achieved by these operations has varied, but the recent election observer effort, in Cambodia (26 July 1998), had a disputed outcome, which raised fundamental questions concerning the efficacy of post-conf lict election monitoring.

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DE ROCHARS, MADSEN BEAU, JEANNE RADDAY, JACK G. LAFONTANT, ABDEL N. DIRENY, SANJAT KANJILAL, THOMAS G. STREIT, PATRICK J. LAMMIE et al. "THE LEOGANE, HAITI DEMONSTRATION PROJECT: DECREASED MICROFILAREMIA AND PROGRAM COSTS AFTER THREE YEARS OF MASS DRUG ADMINISTRATION". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 73, n.º 5 (1 de noviembre de 2005): 888–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2005.73.888.

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Sutomo, Sutomo, Muhammad Rafi y Arnida Arnida. "Pengaruh Pemberian Fraksi Etil Asetat Buah Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) Terhadap Gambaran Makroskopis-Mikroskopis Organ Hati Tikus Putih Jantan". Jurnal Pharmascience 6, n.º 1 (4 de marzo de 2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jps.v6i1.6082.

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ABSTRAK Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Kosterm) merupakan tumbuhan khas Kalimantan Selatan yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan gambaran makroskopis (warna dan volume) organ hati serta perubahan histopatologi sel hati (degenerasi parenkimatosa, degenerasi hidropis, dan nekrosis) pada tikus setelah diberikan fraksi etil asetat buah M. casturi secara peroral. Penelitian ini berupa penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan post test only control group design. Hewan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol (Na-CMC 0,5%) dan kelompok perlakuan (5, 50, 300, dan 2000 mg/kgBB). Setiap kelompok terdiri dari 5 tikus putih jantan yang diberikan perlakuan 1 kali selama 14 hari, setelah itu tikus dibedah dan diambil organ hati untuk diamati. Hasil analisis Kruskal Wallis menunjukkan bahwa pemberian fraksi etil asetat buah M. casturi pada gambaran makroskopis (volume) hati tidak berbeda bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan (p > 0,05). Hasil analisis One-Way ANOVA pada gambaran mikroskopis hati menunjukkan bahwa kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna. Kata kunci : Mangifera casturi, fraksi etil asetat, toksisitas, degenerasi, nekrosis ABSTRACT Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) is the typical plants of South Kalimantan that contains antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to determine the macroscopical representative (color and volume) of rats liver and the microscopical representative of hepar cells (parenchymatous degeneration, hydropic degeneration, and necrosis) after oral administration of ethyl acetate fraction of M. casturi fruit. This study was an experimental study with post-test only control group design. Test animals were divided into 5 groups consisted of a control group (CMC Na 0,5%), and treatment groups (5, 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg bw). Each group consisted of 5 the male white rats which were treated once for 14 days. And then the rats were dissected, the liver were taken out to make preparations of histopathological examination and observation. The results of Kruskal Wallis showed that ethyl acetate fraction of M. casturi fruit had no difference on macroscopical representation of the liver. Keywords : Mangifera casturi, ethyl acetate fraction, toxicity, degeneration, necrosis

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Auxila, Paul y Jon Rohde. "Microcomputers as a means to introduce effective management procedures in Primary Health Care: The Haiti experience". Information Technology for Development 4, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1989): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681102.1989.9627177.

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Harlis, Wa Ode, Sitti Wirdhana Ahmad y Jusrianti Jusrianti. "Kadar Asam Urat Mencit Hiperurisemia Setelah Pemberian Perasan Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dan Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.)". BioWallacea : Jurnal Penelitian Biologi (Journal of Biological Research) 7, n.º 1 (5 de mayo de 2020): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/biowallacea.v7i1.11640.

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The quercetin flavonoid content in cherry leaves and Moringa serves as a competitive inhibitor of hypoxanthine and xanthine which causes uric acid not to form. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of grains of cherry leaves and Moringa leaves on the uric acid levels of mice. 25 male mice weighing 20-30 grams 2-3 months old were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely: K1 as a negative control (without treatment), K2 as the positive control (chicken liver juice 0.5 mL), K3 (cherry leaf juice and liver juice chicken), K4 (Moringa leaf juice and chicken liver juice) and K5 (a mixture of cherry leaf juice, Moringa, and chicken liver juice). Mice are first measured initial uric acid levels. The administration of chicken liver juice at a dose of 0.5 mL is done three times a day for 7 days so as to achieve a hyperuricemia condition. Furthermore, the juice was given according to the treatment group at a dose of 0.2 mL for 14 days and finally, uric acid levels were calculated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD test (α = 0.05). The results showed that the administration of cherry leaves and moringa juice significantly reduced blood uric acid levels in mice in all treatment groups. The highest mean decrease in uric acid levels was in the K5 (0.91 mg / dL) group, compared with K1 (0.93 mg / dL), K2 (2.03 mg / dL), K3 (0.994 mg / dL) and K4 (0.98 mg / dL) .Keywords: Uric Acid Levels, Hyperuricemia, Munitingia calabura L, Moringa oleifera L. AbstrakKandungan flavonoid golongan kuercetin pada daun kersen dan kelor berfungsi sebagai inhibitor kompetitif hipoxantin dan xantin yang menyebabkan asam urat tidak terbentuk. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian perasan daun kersen dan daun kelor terhadap kadar asam urat mencit. 25 ekor mencit jantan berat 20-30 gr berumur 2-3 bulan dibagi kedalam 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu: K1 sebagai kontrol negatif (tanpa perlakuan), K2 sebagai kontrol positif (jus hati ayam 0.5 mL), K3 (perasan daun kersen dan jus hati ayam), K4 (perasan daun kelor dan jus hati ayam) dan K5 (campuran perasan daun kersen, kelor dan jus hati ayam). Mencit terlebih dahulu diukur kadar asam urat awal. Pemberian jus hati ayam dengan dosis 0.5 mL dilakukan tiga kali sehari selama 7 hari sehingga mencapai kondisi hiperurisemia. Selanjutnya diberi perasan sesuai kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis 0.2 mL selama 14 hari dan dihitung kadar asam urat akhir. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan uji BNT (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian perasan daun kersen dan kelor secara signifikan menurunkan kadar asam urat darah mencit pada semua kelompok perlakuan. Rerata penurunan kadar asam urat tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok K5 (0.91 mg/dL), dibandingkan dengan K1 (0.93 mg/dL), K2 (2.03 mg/dL), K3 (0.994 mg/dL) dan K4 (0.98 mg/dL).Kata kunci : Kadar Asam Urat, Hiperurisemia.,Munitingia calabura L, Moringa oleifera L.

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Fontes, Gilberto, Eliana Maria Mauricio da Rocha, Ronaldo Guilherme Carvalho Scholte y Rubén Santiago Nicholls. "Progress towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the Americas region". International Health 13, Supplement_1 (22 de diciembre de 2020): S33—S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaa048.

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Abstract In South and Central America, lymphatic filariasis (LF) is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus, the only vector species in this region. Of the seven countries considered endemic for LF in the Americas in the last decade, Costa Rica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago were removed from the World Health Organization list in 2011. The remaining countries, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Guyana and Haiti, have achieved important progress in recent years. Brazil was the first country in the Americas to stop mass drug administration (MDA) and to establish post-MDA surveillance. Dominican Republic stopped MDA in all LF-endemic foci: La Ciénaga and Southwest passed the third Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) and the Eastern focus passed TAS-1 in 2018. Haiti passed the TAS and interrupted transmission in >80% of endemic communes, achieving effective drug coverage. Guyana implemented effective coverage in MDAs in 2017 and 2018 and in 2019 scaled up the treatment for 100% of the geographical region, introducing ivermectin in the MDA in order to achieve LF elimination by the year 2026. The Americas region is on its way to eliminating LF transmission. However, efforts should be made to improve morbidity management to prevent disability of the already affected populations.

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Talbot, Jeffrey T., Els Mathieu, Abdel Direny, Thomas Streit, David Addiss, Abigail Viall, Patrick J. Lammie y Madsen Beau de Rochars. "Predictors of Compliance in Mass Drug Administration for the Treatment and Prevention of Lymphatic Filariasis in Leogane, Haiti". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 78, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 2008): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.283.

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Paluma, Thiago y Bianca Guimarães Silva. "Os reflexos jurídicos do fluxo migratório Haitiano / Les réflexes juridiques du flux migratoire haïtien". Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia 47, n.º 1 (22 de julio de 2019): 348–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/rfadir-v47n1a2019-48551.

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O paradigma central da política migratória brasileira passou por uma ressignificação no período de 1980 a 2017 impulsionado, principalmente, pela mudança do perfil do imigrante que busca o Brasil como país de destino. Antes da chegada dos imigrantes haitianos, após o terremoto que acometeu o Haiti em 2010, a legislação possuía um caráter conservador e excludente. Contudo, a partir das demandas por regularização e direitos, a legislação assumiu um caráter mais acolhedor, sobretudo, com a institucionalização do visto humanitário. Deste modo, este artigo examina se a legislação migratória foi atualizada em virtude das demandas originadas com o fluxo migratório haitiano e quais os seus reflexos. O presente texto tem como objetivo discutir esse cenário através da análise histórica da política nacional migratória, bem como mediante o debate acerca da terminologia sobre os deslocados ambientais. Por fim, observar-se-á que a lacuna normativa, que impulsionou a atuação administrativa (com o visto humanitário), culminou, posteriormente, na criação da lei 13.445/17. Portanto, a partir do estudo bibliográfico e da análise estatísticas buscar-se-á demonstrar os impactos e desafios desse fenômeno. Abstract: Le paradigme central de la politique migratoire brésilienne a subi une nouvelle signification au cours des années de 1980 a 2017 surtout grâce à le phénomène de changement du profil migratoire qui cherche le Brésil comme pays de destination. Avant l’arrivée des immigrants haïtiens, à la suíte du séisme qui a frappé Haïti en 2010, la loi migratoire brésilienne avait caractéristiques discriminatoire et stigmatisante. Cependant, des exigences en matière de régularisation et de droits, la législation a pris un caractère plus accueillant, principalement avec l’institutionnalisation du visa humanitaire. De cette manière, cet article examine si la législation migratoire a été mise à jour en raison des demandes découlant du flux migratoire haïtien. La recherche vise à examiner ce scénario par l'analyse historique de la politique migratoire nationale, ainsi que par le débat sur la terminologie relative aux personnes déplacées par l'environnement. Enfin, on observera que le fossé normatif à l'origine de l'action administrative (avec le visa humanitaire) a abouti plus tard à la création de la loi 13.445/17. Le présent texte vise donc à examiner ce scénario à partir de l’étude bibliographique et de l’analyse statistique démontrant les impacts et les défis de ce phénomène.

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Brinkerhoff, Derick W. y Arthur A. Goldsmith. "The Challenge of Administrative Reform in Post-Duvalier Haiti: Efficiency, Equity and the Prospects for Systemic Change". International Review of Administrative Sciences 54, n.º 1 (marzo de 1988): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002085238805400104.

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Myers, C. Bernard. "Budgetary Reform in Haiti from 1996-98: A Case Study of Issues and Obstacles in Implementing Change". Public Budgeting Finance 20, n.º 2 (junio de 2000): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0275-1100.00012.

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Duffin, R. Paul, Michael Delbuono, Lawrence Chew, James Johnstone, Volker Niedan, Pascal Schwarz, Paul Shabram y Amish A. Patel. "Home Administration of CVD 103-HgR: A Live Attenuated Oral Cholera Vaccine". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104, n.º 4 (7 de abril de 2021): 1232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1223.

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ABSTRACTVaccination is a well-established means for prevention and spread of disease in people traveling abroad. Although vaccines to diseases such as cholera are recommended by world health agencies, they are seldom required even when traveling to endemic regions. Consequences of noncompliance can affect traveler’s health and spread diseases to new regions, as occurred in Haiti in 2010 when United Nations peacekeepers from Nepal, where a cholera outbreak was underway, introduced the disease to the region. Steps to increase vaccine recommendation compliance should therefore be an integral part of vaccine development. PXVX0200 contains Center for Vaccine Development 103-HgR live, attenuated recombinant Vibrio cholerae vaccine strain, and is indicated for single-dose immunization against the bacteria that causes cholera. It is supplied as one buffer and one active component packet to be mixed into water and ingested. Administration instructions are designed to be “user friendly” with flexibility for self-administration, thus promoting compliance. Studies to support self-administration were conducted to cover stability of the vaccine outside of normal storage conditions, potency in case of misadministration, and disposal procedures to minimize environmental impact. The principal findings showed that the stability of vaccine was maintained under conditions allowing for transport times and temperature conditions as well as when misadministration errors were made. Finally, the vaccine was effectively neutralized with hot water and soap to prevent bacterial environmental contamination in the event of an accidental spill. The conclusion is that PXVX0200 oral vaccine is stable, easy to formulate and dispose of, and is amenable to self-administration.

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Baskara, Angga, I. N. Arsana y N. K. A. Juliasih. "GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI HATI TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) PASCA PEMBERIAN MONOSODIUM GLUTAMAT". JURNAL WIDYA BIOLOGI 10, n.º 01 (9 de enero de 2019): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/widyabiologi.v10i01.238.

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Monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been used very widely in the community as a food flavoring, and is thought to have a detrimental effect. This study aims to determine the effect of MSG on liver histopathology. 28 Wistar rats were used in this study. Rats were grouped into four groups: control (K), MSG-1 (MSG dose 1.5 mg / g bodyweight), MSG-2 (MSG dose 3.5 mg / g bw), and MSG-3 (MSG dose 4, 5 mg / g bw). MSG is given every day for 30 days. At the end of the treatment, the rat were euthanized and dissected for taking the liver. Histology preparation were made using the paraffin method and stained with Hematoxyclin Eosin (HE) staining. Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney test were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that the dose of MSG was 1.5; 3; and 4.5 mg / g bw causes liver damage with the same level of damage in the form of focused degeneration in one place. The higher the dose, the more degeneration of focused on one place which were found. Liver tissue damage scores in group K, MSG-1, MSG-2, and MSG-3 were 0; 0.4; 0.42857, and 0.45714. Conclusion, the administration of MGS has an effect on liver histopathology.

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Khumaedi, Anandhara Indriani, Rino Alvani Gani y Irsan Hasan. "Pencegahan Transmisi Vertikal Hepatitis B: Fokus pada Penggunaan Antivirus Antenatal". Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia 3, n.º 4 (27 de enero de 2017): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/jpdi.v3i4.57.

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Hepatitis B merupakan penyebab utama penyakit hati kronik dan dapat menyebabkan sirosis, gagal hati dan karsinoma hepatoselular pada 15-40% populasi. Terhitung sebanyak dua miliar penduduk dunia terinfeksi hepatitis B. Sebanyak 240 juta diantaranya mengidap hepatitis B kronik dan 780.000 jiwa meninggal karena komplikasi akut dan kronik hepatitis B. Transmisi hepatitis B berbeda di berbagai belahan dunia. Pada negara maju, transmisi hepatitis B sebagian besar melalui transmisi horizontal, sedangkan pada negara berkembang transmisi heptitis B 90% melalui transmisi vertikal. Upaya pencegahan transmisi vertikal berupa pemberian imunoglobulin mencapai tingkat keberhasilan hingga 95%, namun menyisakan sebagian kecil populasi yang mengalami kegagalan imunoprofilaksis yang berisiko untuk berkembang menjadi hepatitis B kronik. Pemberian antivirus pada saat antenatal berperan dalam mencegah transmisi vertikal pada populasi yang berisiko mengalami kegagalan imunoprofilaksis.Kata Kunci: analog nukleos(t)ida, hepatitis B, kegagalan imunoprofilaksis, transmisi vertikal Prevention of Hepatitis B Vertical Transmission: Focus on Antenatal Antiviral AdministrationHepatitis B is one of the main cause of chronic liver disease, and potentially cause cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma in 15-40% population. Globally, 2 billion people are infected by Hepatitis B. Two hundred and forty million people are suffering from chronic hepatitis B, and more than 780 000 people are dying from both acute and chronic complication of hepatitis B. In developed countries, horizontal transmission is the main mode of virus transmission, while in developing countries vertical transmission occured in 90% population with hepatitis B. Immunoglobulin administration as a prevention strategy for vertical transmission has 95% success rate, but it left 5-10% of those who has immunoprophylaxis failure to be at risk to develop chronic hepatitis B. Antiviral administration during pregnancy is considered to prevent hepatitis B vertical transmission in population at risk on developing immunoprophylaxis failure. Keywords: hepatitis B, immunoprophylaxis failure, nucleos(t)ide analog, vertical transmission

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Sapat, Alka, Ann-Margaret Esnard y Aleksey Kolpakov. "Understanding Collaboration in Disaster Assistance Networks: Organizational Homophily or Resource Dependency?" American Review of Public Administration 49, n.º 8 (10 de julio de 2019): 957–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074019861347.

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Greater collaboration among nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) after disasters is important in helping them deliver services, share information, and avoid resource duplication. Following a disaster, numerous NGOs, including a large number of faith-based NGOs, typically offer disaster assistance. But to what extent do these NGOs providing disaster assistance collaborate with each other? Does organizational homophily prevail? Or is the need to acquire resources an incentive for collaboration? Are collaborations characterized by relationships of dependency? To answer these questions, we analyze collaboration between international NGOs, local NGOs, faith-based organizations, and other organizations providing disaster assistance in Haiti in the 3-year period following the 2010 earthquake. Data on these organizations and their networks were analyzed using social network analysis methods. The major findings are that most organizations collaborate within sectoral boundaries and that homophily is one of the main drivers of collaboration, illuminating power relationships in disaster assistance networks.

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MacRae, Duncan y Dale Whittington. "Assessing Preferences in Cost-Benefit Analysis: Reflections on Rural Water Supply Evaluation in Haiti". Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 7, n.º 2 (1988): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3323827.

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Stahler-Sholk, Richard. "El Salvador's Negotiated Transition: From Low-Intensity Conflict to Low-Intensity Democracy". Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 36, n.º 4 (1994): 1–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166318.

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Like the reports of Mark Twain's death, the claims of a wave of democratization sweeping Latin America may be exaggerated. Yet the resurgence of electoral politics and the receding of military rule since the 1980s are trends that hold significance both for the future of Latin America and for inter-American relations. The transitions from bureaucratic-authoritarian rule in South America, and from the oligarchy-military alliances in Central America, have been a major focus of recent US policy attention. From the human rights approach of the Carter administration to the Reagan rollback doctrine, US policy became more actively engaged in controversial attempts to define and impose “democracy” in the region. After the end of the Cold War, US action or inaction remained key factors in the events surrounding the 1989 elections in Panama and the 1990 elections in Haiti and Nicaragua.

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Zanotti, Laura, Max Stephenson y Nancy McGehee. "International Aid, Local Ownership, and Survival: Development and Higher Education in Rural Haiti". VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 27, n.º 1 (11 de julio de 2015): 273–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11266-015-9618-7.

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Matruty, Yosep y Theopilus Watuguly. "PAPARAN EKSTRAK TERIPANG PASIR (Holothuria scabra) TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI HATI MENCIT (Mus musculus)". BIOPENDIX: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan 2, n.º 2 (15 de marzo de 2016): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/biopendixvol2issue2page160-169.

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Background: In Indonesia, traditionally sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) is often used as a cure gout. The purpose of the research is to determine the effects of sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) extracts against liver histopathology picture mice (Mus musculus). Method: Mice used were male mice as much as 15 tails and were divided into 5 groups. Each group consisted of three mice. Group I as a positive control given allopurino l0.1%. The second group was given distilled water as a negative control. Group III, IV and V as the treatment group was given sea cucumber extract with each concentration of 5%, a concentration of 10% and 15% concentration. Result: The results were analyzed quantitatively, showed that the administration of potassium bromate showed the presence of fatty and necrosis. But after being given a sea cucumber extract with a concentration of 10% and a concentration of 15% still showed the presence of inflammatory cells and remnants of fatty liver (same as the picture of liver histopathology in the positive control). At a concentration of 5% normal liver histopathology same as the picture of liver histopathology in the negative control. Conclution: Sea cucumbers with a concentration of 5% can be used as a gout medicine without any side effects for conditions onal liver function.

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Klimovich, Kristina y Clive S. Thomas. "Power groups, interests and interest groups in consolidated and transitional democracies: comparing Uruguay and Costa Rica with Paraguay and Haiti". Journal of Public Affairs 14, n.º 3-4 (noviembre de 2014): 183–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pa.1551.

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Bardos, Janet, Aminah Dalimunthe y Urip Harahap. "Aktivitas Hepatoprotektor Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L. Corium) Terhadap Mencit Jantan Yang Diinduksi Parasetamol". Talenta Conference Series: Tropical Medicine (TM) 1, n.º 3 (19 de diciembre de 2018): 001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/tm.v1i3.252.

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Metabolit reaktif N-acetyl-para-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) akan dilepaskan setelah pemberian parasetamol dosis tinggi sehingga dapat merusak hati. Salah satu tumbuhan yang berpotensi sebagai hepatoproktektif adalah bawang merah (Allium cepa L.). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas hepatoprotektor ekstrak etanol kulit bawang merah (EEKBM) terhadap mencit jantan yang diinduksi parasetamol. Enam kelompok perlakuan (n= 4) diberi Na CMC 0,5% sebagai kontrol negatif, EEKBM dosis 300, 450, dan 600 mg/kg bb, dan rutin 20 mg/kg bb sebagai kontrol positif selama 14 hari secara oral dan diikuti pemberian penginduksi hepatotoksik parasetamol 1 g/kg bb. Sampel darah dan hati dikumpulkan untuk pemeriksaan biokimia dan mikroskopik. Kelompok normal digunakan sebagai pembanding. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar AST dan ALT dihambat oleh EEKBM dosis 300, 450, dan 600 mg/kg bb dan berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negatif (p < 0,05) dan melindungi sel hati dari kerusakan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa EEKBM dosis 600 mg/kg bb menunjukkan aktivitas hepatoprotektor. The reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-para-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), could be released after administration of high dose paracetamol and induced liver damage. One of plant that has potential to be developed into hepatoprotective agent is Onion (Allium cepa L.). This research aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of onion ethanol extract (OEE) in paracetamol induced mice. There were six groups (n=4), consist of negative control which received Na CMC 0,5% , treatment group received OEE at doses of 300, 450, dan 600 mg/bw, and rutin at dose of 20 mg/bw was positive control for 14 days by oral adminitration and followed by paracetamol 1 g/bw to induce hepatotoxic. Blood sample and liver organ were collected for biochemistry and microscopic examinations. Normal control was served as comparison. The results showed that AST and ALT levels was inhibited by OEE at doses of 300, 450, dan 600 mg/kg bwand significantly different with negative control (p < 0,05) and prevented liver damage. It can be concluded that OEE at the dose of 600 mg/kg bwhas hepatoprotective activity.

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Tia Pramesti, Ni Komang, Ngurah Intan Wiratmini y Ni Putu AdrianiAstiti. "STRUKTUR HISTOLOGI HATI MENCIT(Mus musculus L.) SETELAH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN EKOR NAGA (Rhapidhophora pinnata Schott)". SIMBIOSIS Journal of Biological Sciences 5, n.º 2 (30 de septiembre de 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jsimbiosis.2017.v05.i02.p02.

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ABSTRACT Rhapidhophora pinnata, Schott is a traditional medical plant that has been use remedy for treatment of hypertension, stroke. Aims of this research is to determine the effect of Rhapidhophora pinnata Schott leaf extract toward mouse (Mus musculus L) liverhistological structure. This research used completely randomized design with 28 female mice that were divide into 4 groups of P0 (control) received 0,9% NaCl, group P1, P2, and P3 received 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg bw respectively by oral administration. The treatment were given daily for 14 days. All of the mice were sacrificed by ether after 15 days. The liver were examined for their histopathological changes, namely fatty degeneration, hydropic degenaration and necrosis. Results were statistically analised by Kruskal-Wallis method. Treatment groups showed no significant differences with regard of liver histopatological changes, however hemorrhage, sinusoid congestion and inflamatory cell infiltration were found in liver. Keyword : Rhapidhophora pinnata Schott, liver, mice

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Anjaniah, Dilla Latul, Eka Nurhayati, Herry Garna, Annisa Rahmah Furqaani y Maya Tejasari. "Perubahan Mikrostruktur Jaringan Hati pada Mencit Model Sindrom Metabolik yang Diberi Fraksi Zingiber officinale". Jurnal Integrasi Kesehatan & Sains 1, n.º 1 (31 de enero de 2019): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v1i1.4316.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) merupakan penyakit perlemakan pada hati yang terjadi pada penderita sindrom metabolik. Penderita sindrom metabolik terjadi peningkatan kadar stres oksidatif sehingga muncul sel steatosis dan pelebaran sinusoid hati. Senyawa flavonoid dalam Zingiber officinale (jahe gajah) diketahui memiliki efek hepatoprotektif dan antiinflamasi dengan cara menghambat pembentukan reactive oxygen species (ROS). Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh fraksi etil asetat jahe gajah terhadap mikrostruktur jaringan hati pada mencit model sindrom metabolik. Objek penelitian ini menggunakan mencit jantan galur Swiss Webster yang berusia 36−40 minggu dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmasi Institut Teknologi Bandung. Kelompok kontrol yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak tanpa diberikan terapi selama 28 hari. Kelompok II−IV diberi pakan tinggi lemak dan diterapi dengan diberi fraksi etil asetat jahe gajah dengan konsentrasi 0,78 mg, 1,56 mg, dan 3,12 mg per kilogram bobot per hari diberikan secara oral. Observasi dan kuantifikasi mikrostruktur jaringan hati dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil statistik jumlah sel steatosis belum menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan (p>0,05), sedangkan pada jumlah pelebaran sinusoid menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan (p<0,05). Kekuatan korelasi konsentrasi fraksi jahe gajah dengan jumlah sel steatosis rendah, tetapi pasti (r=-0,381) dan pelebaran sinusoid cukup berarti (r=-0,451). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian fraksi etil asetat jahe gajah memengaruhi mikrostruktur jaringan hati pada mencit model sindrom metabolik. LIVER TISSUE MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES BY ZINGIBER OFFICINALE FRACTIONS IN METABOLIC SYNDROME MICE MODELSNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a fatty liver disease that occurs in patients with metabolic syndrome. Patients with metabolic syndrome occur closer to oxidative stress that occurs in steatosis and dilation of the liver sinusoid. Flavonoid compounds in Zingiber officinale have hepatoprotective and anti inflammatory effects by inhibiting the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The purpose of this study was to determine the content of Zingiber officinale ethyl acetate fraction on liver tissue microstructure in mice model of metabolic syndrome. This research method using mice of Swiss webster strain which had 36−40 weeks, divided into 4 groups. The study conducted at Pharmacology Laboratory Institut Teknologi Bandung. Control group fed high fat without therapy for 28 days. Group II−IV were fed high fat and treated with ginger elephant ethyl acetate fraction with a concentration of 0.78 mg, 1.56 mg and 3.12 mg per kilograms of body weight per day, given orally. Observation and quantification of liver tissue microstructure was performed using a light microscope. The statistical results on steatosis cell counts did not show significant results (p>0.05), whereas the number of sinusoid enlargement showed significant results (p<0.05). Alternative strength of the Zingiber officinale fraction with a low but definite steatosis cell number (r=−0.381) and significant sinusoid widening (r=−0.451). In conclusion, that administration of ginger elephant ethyl acetate fraction affected microstructure of liver tissue in mice model of metabolic syndrome.

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Hebblethwaite, Benjamin. "French and underdevelopment, Haitian Creole and development". Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 27, n.º 2 (13 de agosto de 2012): 255–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.27.2.03heb.

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This article argues that Haiti’s French-dominant school system is an impediment to the nation’s development, whereas Haitian Creole-dominant education will lay the foundation for long-term development. In that Caribbean country, 95% of the population is monolingual in Haitian Creole while the portion that additionally speaks French does not exceed 5% with an additional 5–10% having some receptive competence (Valdman 1984: 78; Dejean 2006). Even though French is the language of the school system, as many as 80% of Haiti’s teachers control it inadequately and only a minority of students completes school (Dejean 2006). Economic, historical, sociolinguistic, and demographic factors are a part of the explanation for Haiti’s low educational achievement. Another important but often ignored factor is educational language policy. Data on educational language policy compared internationally show that the use of a second language in schools correlates with high illiteracy rates and poverty (Coulmas 1992). I reject arguments in favor of maintaining French-dominant education in Haiti (Lawless 1992; Youssef 2002; Francis 2005; Ferguson 2006, etc.) because the resources for it are woefully lacking. I argue that the progressive promotion of Haitian Creole throughout Haitian education will lead to improved learning, graduation, and Creole literacy, in addition to a more streamlined and coherent State, economy, and society (Efron 1954; De Regt 1984; DeGraff 2003; Dejean 2006). As Haiti rebuilds after the earthquake of January 12th, 2010, aid workers, government employees, and researchers who get involved in the recovery also unsuspectingly perpetuate French, English, and Spanish hegemony in development work (DeGraff 2010). The long history of suppressing Haitian Creole and promoting French in education and administration — and French, English, or Spanish in development work — form underlying obstacles in the nation’s struggle to produce an adequate class of educated citizens, to achieve universal literacy, and to make socioeconomic progress.

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Eddy, Brittany A., Thomas G. Streit, Anna J. Blackstock, John M. Williamson, Valery M. Beau de Rochars, LeAnne M. Fox y David G. Addiss. "A Longitudinal Analysis of the Effect of Mass Drug Administration on Acute Inflammatory Episodes and Disease Progression in Lymphedema Patients in Léogane, Haiti". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 90, n.º 1 (8 de enero de 2014): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.13-0317.

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Roberts, Shearon. "La Apatrida and TPS: Counter-Hegemonic News and Reclaiming Dignity in Haitian National Newspapers". Journal of Communication Inquiry 42, n.º 4 (9 de agosto de 2018): 381–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0196859918791581.

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This study examined the news coverage of two immigration stories involving Haitian migrants that made international headlines. Those two news stories were (a) the deportation of Dominicans of Haitian descent and (b) the end of Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for displaced Haitians residing in the United States after the 2010 Haiti earthquake. This study sampled 198 Haitian newspaper articles over the 6-month period that both stories made global headlines in 2015 and then in 2017. The two Haitian national newspapers Le Nouvelliste, the country’s paper of record, and Le Nacional, the country’s newest daily, affirmed the rights and dignity of people of Haitian origin displaced by policy attributed as xenophobic and racist. Haitian newspapers described Haitian migrant families as being equally Dominican, regardless of their status, and in the United States, as being lawful migrants with rights under TPS. Haitian newspapers varied in their coverage of the governments of the two countries, being more critical of the administration of President Donald Trump, but more nuanced in their coverage of the Dominican Republic’s government.

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DeGennaro, Vincent, Rachel Libby, Elizabeth Patberg, Dieudina Gabriel, Samer Al-Quran, Matthew Kasher, Coy Heldermon et al. "Development of a Breast Cancer Treatment Program in Port-au-Prince, Haiti: Experiences From the Field". Journal of Global Oncology 2, n.º 1 (febrero de 2016): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2015.000364.

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Purpose The nonprofit Project Medishare launched a breast cancer treatment program in Port-au-Prince in July 2013 to address the demand for breast cancer care in Haiti. We outline the development of the program, highlight specific challenges, and discuss key considerations for others working in global oncology. Methods We reflected on our experiences in the key areas of developing partnerships, building laboratory capacity, conducting medical training, using treatment algorithms, and ensuring access to safe, low-cost chemotherapy drugs. We also critically reviewed our costs and quality measures. Results The program has treated a total of 139 patients with breast cancer with strong adherence to treatment regimens in 85% of patients. In 273 chemotherapy administrations, no serious exposure or adverse safety events were reported by staff. The mortality rate for 94 patients for whom we have complete data was 24% with a median survival time of 53 months. Our outcome data were likely influenced by stage at presentation, with more than half of patients presenting more than 12 months after first noticing a tumor. Future efforts will therefore focus on continuing to improve the level of care, while working with local partners to spread awareness, increase screening, and get more women into care earlier in the course of their disease. Conclusion Our experiences may inform others working to implement protocol-based cancer treatment programs in resource-poor settings and can provide valuable lessons learned for future global oncology efforts.

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Sugihartini, Nining y M. Alif Fajri. "Gambaran Histopatologi Organ Hati dan Ginjal Mencit Balb/c setelah Pemberian Krim Ekstrak Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis L.)". JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA 3, n.º 1 (4 de agosto de 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v3i1.4092.

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Background:Development of green tea extract formulation with the addition of enhancers to increase the ability of epigallocatechin gallate to penetrate the skin layers has been done. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of green tea extract cream that containing enhancers on the profile of kidney and liver histopathology. Methods: The study used 4 groups which each group was treated with different concentrations of extract (2,0%; 2,5%; 3,0%; 3,5%) and 1 control group. After 24 hours and 14 days of application of the cream, the mice were sacrificed. The liver and kidneys were weighed and made preparations histopathology. Results: The results of the study showed that there similar (p>0,05) of the weight ratio of the liver and kidneys of Balb/c mice after 24 hours and 14 days. As well the histopathological test indicated that there similar (p>0,05) of the liver and kidneys after 24 hours and 14 days of administration of green tea extract cream. Conclusions: The levels concentration of green tea extract in cream (2,0%; 2,5%; 3,0%; 3,5%) that contain enhancers do not affect the liver and kidney histopathological of Balb/c mice.

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45

Sugihartini, Nining y M. Alif Fajri. "Gambaran Histopatologi Organ Hati dan Ginjal Mencit Balb/c setelah Pemberian Krim Ekstrak Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis L.)". JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA 3, n.º 1 (4 de agosto de 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v3i12016.32-38.

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Background:Development of green tea extract formulation with the addition of enhancers to increase the ability of epigallocatechin gallate to penetrate the skin layers has been done. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of green tea extract cream that containing enhancers on the profile of kidney and liver histopathology. Methods: The study used 4 groups which each group was treated with different concentrations of extract (2,0%; 2,5%; 3,0%; 3,5%) and 1 control group. After 24 hours and 14 days of application of the cream, the mice were sacrificed. The liver and kidneys were weighed and made preparations histopathology. Results: The results of the study showed that there similar (p>0,05) of the weight ratio of the liver and kidneys of Balb/c mice after 24 hours and 14 days. As well the histopathological test indicated that there similar (p>0,05) of the liver and kidneys after 24 hours and 14 days of administration of green tea extract cream. Conclusions: The levels concentration of green tea extract in cream (2,0%; 2,5%; 3,0%; 3,5%) that contain enhancers do not affect the liver and kidney histopathological of Balb/c mice.

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46

Dély, Nora St Victor, Ofelia A. Alvarez, Vanessa J. Dor y Emmeline Lerebours. "Comparison of Clinical Evolution of Children with Sickle Cell Disease before and after Treatment with Hydroxyurea at Saint Damien Hospital, Tabarre-Haiti,2013-2018". Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13 de noviembre de 2019): 2306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-124105.

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INTRODUCTION Sickle cell disease (SCD), an autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy, is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate, especially in low income countries. In Africa, 5% of deaths among children under five are attributable to SCD [59th World Health Assembly, WHO 2006]. This chronic disease greatly alters the quality of life of affected children. However, according to several published studies, SCD clinical course can be improved with the administration of hydroxyurea, an antimetabolite drug. [Nkashama, Pan African Medical Journal,2015] Saint-Damien, a pediatric hospital in Haiti, has a current cohort of 1248 sickle cell children. Forty of them (3 %) benefit from hydroxyurea administration since November 2015. In this hospital, data on how hydroxyurea modifies SCD clinical course are lacking, despite the advantage of this drug described in literature [Charache,New England Journal of Medicine,1995]. This study aims to compare the evolution of children treated at Saint Damien Hospital, before and after receiving hydroxyurea. METHODS A retrospective analytic study was conducted from November 2013 to June 2018 in the Sickle Cell Clinic at Saint-Damien Hospital. We included 40 children aged 2 to 15 years old treated with hydroxyurea. All of them benefit of the same treatment protocol: Initial dose of 10 mg per kg per day increase to maintenance dose of 25 mg per kg per day. Any child whose treatment has been permanently discontinued regardless of the cause was excluded. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected using Excel 2010. We compared children clinical evolution two years before and two years after hydroxyurea administration using these parameters: frequency and duration of hospitalizations, hospitalization frequency for specific complications (pain crisis, stroke and acute chest syndrome), and frequency of blood transfusions. We calculated frequencies, ratios and means using Epi Info. We realized statistical analysis to compare quantitative variables with a p value significant when less than 5%. RESULTS Gender ratio was 1:1. The mean age of children at enrollment on hydroxyurea was 8 years. Thirty-eight children of 40 (95 %) experienced at least one hospitalization before receiving the drug, compared with 17 (42.5%) after, p=0.025. The mean duration of hospitalization was 9 days before and 6 days after, p=0.0319. The average number of hospitalizations per child was decreased by 30 %. Seventy percent of children were hospitalized at least once due to painful crisis 2 years before receiving hydroxyurea, compare to 22.5 % after. Thirty-one children (77.5%) were transfused at least once before receiving the drug and 9 (22.5%) after receiving it. There was no cases of acute chest syndrome or stroke reported after hydroxyurea, unlike before the introduction of the drug. (Table 1) CONCLUSION The percentage of hospitalized children and the average length of hospitalization stay decreased significantly with hydroxyurea intake; as well as the frequency of painful crisis and blood transfusions. Hydroxyurea acts directly on the two main causes of hospitalization in the sickle cell, reducing the morbidity related to this pathology; and demonstrating the direct benefit of this drug at Saint Damien Hospital. Since our cohort is young, we have not been able to follow his evolution over a longer period of time. We plan to continue to observe this cohort. But these first results already allow us to recommend a broader use of hydroxyurea for pediatric patients with SCD in Haiti. Disclosures Alvarez: Forma Therapeutics: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy.

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Wodnik, Breanna K., Didié Hérold Louis, Michel Joseph, Lee T. Wilkers, Susan D. Landskroener, Luccene Desir, Jean Frantz Lemoine y James V. Lavery. "The roles of stakeholder experience and organizational learning in declining mass drug administration coverage for lymphatic filariasis in Port-au-Prince, Haiti: A case study". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, n.º 5 (29 de mayo de 2020): e0008318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008318.

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Gonzales, Manuel, Gregory S. Noland, Eileen F. Mariano y Stephen Blount. "Lymphatic filariasis elimination in the Dominican Republic: History, progress, and remaining steps". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, n.º 8 (10 de agosto de 2021): e0009590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009590.

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Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito-transmitted parasitic disease that is a leading cause of disability globally. The island of Hispaniola, which the Dominican Republic shares with Haiti, accounts for approximately 90% of LF cases in the Americas region. In 1998, the Dominican Ministry of Public Health created the Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (PELF) with the goal of eliminating LF transmission by 2020. Baseline mapping revealed 19 (12% of total) endemic municipalities clustered into three geographic foci (Southwest, La Ciénaga and East), with a total at-risk population of 262,395 people. Beginning in 2002, PELF sequentially implemented mass drug administration (MDA) in these foci using albendazole and diethylcarbamazine (DEC). In total, 1,174,050 treatments were given over three to five annual rounds of house-to-house MDA per focus with a median coverage of 81.7% (range 67.4%–92.2%). By 2018, LF antigen prevalence was less than 2% in all foci, thus meeting criteria to stop MDA and begin post-treatment surveillance (PTS). This success has been achieved against a shifting landscape of limited domestic funding, competing domestic public health priorities, and sporadic external donor support. Remaining steps include the need to scale-up morbidity management and disability prevention services for LF and to continue PTS until LF transmission is interrupted across Hispaniola.

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Revinova, Svetlana Yu y Diana Pamela Chavarry Galvez. "Comparative analysis of the infrastructure basis for the transition to the digital economy of Latin America". RUDN Journal of Economics 27, n.º 4 (15 de diciembre de 2019): 761–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2019-27-4-761-773.

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In the last decade, almost all countries of the world have developed strategies for the transition to a digital economy. The introduction of digital technologies is observed in all spheres of our life: from simple household consumption to public administration. Latin American countries have not been left out of this process. However, the readiness for such a transition varies for the countries of the region. The purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of the infrastructure base of Latin American countries for the transition to a digital economy. The starting point for this transition is the provision of public access to the Internet and the ability of the population to take advantage of the opportunities provided by digital technologies. The basis for the study was the database of the World Bank, the online portal “Statista” and other open sources. Comparison and pattern matching methods were used in the process. The analysis showed that Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Costa Rica are among the leading countries in the readiness of the infrastructure base for the transition to a digital economy. Countries lagging in this indicator - Haiti, Nicaragua, Honduras, Venezuela. It is noted that in these countries it is necessary to create new institutions, stimulate innovation. In general, the Latin American region at the moment belongs to the middle group of digitalization but has great potential and good prospects.

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Turner, Faythe. "Editor's Note". Ethnic Studies Review 26, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 2003): i—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2003.26.2.i.

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In its larger contexts the topic of this issue of Ethnic Studies Review, “Fair Access,” has many referents. In 2004 we are marking the fiftieth anniversary of Brown v Board of Education which stated unequivocally that separate but equal systems of education did not and could not exist, and yet equal education for all our children still does not exist. Recent reports detail that in many urban areas school systems are at least as segregated as prior to the Brown decision, and all levels of government seem satisfied with that status quo. We watch with astonishment as over six hundred people are being detained by the United States Government without charges against them or access to lawyers at Guantanamo. We witness at the moment of Haiti's celebration of its 200th anniversary of independence not only the mysterious removal of the democratically elected President of Haiti but also the continual refusal to grant refugee status to fleeing Haitians while it is granted to Cubans almost automatically, thus creating great inequities in immigrant access. We decry the Patriots Act passed by the Congress of the United States at the instigation of the Bush Administration that whittles away at the freedoms guaranteed by our Constitution. We know that many do not have access to health care in the United States. These and other issues of fair access must be our daily concern.

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