Tesis sobre el tema "Adsorbant"
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Nguemalieu, Kouetcha Daniella. "Adsorption dans un milieu carboné lamellaire nanoporeux : simulation Monte Carlo Grand Canonique, synthèse et caractérisation". Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2062/document.
Texto completoDisordered nanoporous carbons are the good materials for capturing pollutants, including traces in wastewater. The phenomenon of adsorption at the origin of the retention of molecules is complex. However, depending on a multitude of factors : structure, morphology and loading of the carbonaceous surface, on the one hand, size/shapeand polarity of the molecule, on the other hand, the whole being dependent on pH and concentration. For a better understanding of the phenomenon, it is important to be able to study some parameters separately. In order to study the phenomenon of adsorption in aqueous medium on nanoporous carbons with structure and model morphology, nanoporous slit structures of turbostratic carbon type were generated numerically in C ++ language with thecalculation of the radial distribution function or pairs. The gas adsorption of a nonpolar or polar molecule and then oftwo polar molecules (H2O/CO2) and (H2O/C6H6O) was simulated by Grand Canonical Monte Carlo method on this model support (adsorption isotherm, adsorption heat, density of adsorbed molecules) as a function of temperature.The runtime has been drastically reduced by developing parallel codes optimized under MPI C ++. The influence of the shape and the pore size distribution was demonstrated by simulating the adsorption on the structure of an activated carbon already obtained by 3D reconstruction of the RMC type. Finally, from an experimental point of view, the intercalation of tetraalkylammonium ions electrochemically in slit carbons (HOPG and graphite) was explored in order to obtain nanoporous lamellar carbons ( ≈1 nm). The structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction
Ho, Ngoc linh. "Captage du CO2 par des solvants physiques confinés dans des materiaux poreux". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22089.
Texto completoIn this work, we investigate the existence and the fundamentals mechanisms underlying the apparition of enhanced CO2 solubility in hybrid materials. A number of prospective solid supports and physical solvents are chosen and the synthesized hybrid adsorbents are subsequently evaluated by measuring CO2 adsorption isotherms. Generally, all the hybrid adsorbents show an enhancement of CO2 solubility compared with the bulk physical solvent. According to further investigation, we have obtained certain requisites for a good solid support, of which structure should be mesoporous with large surface area. In addition, there is an optimized solvent's size to achieve an enhanced solubility. As a result, among the candidates, the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone confined in MCM-41 adsorbent is proven to be the most suitable hybrid adsorbent for an effective CO2-removal application. In order to gain a deeper insight, Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations are then performed to interpret the CO2 solubility behavior in a modeled system of hybrid MCM-41 adsorbent. As a result, the microscopic mechanisms underlying the apparition of enhanced solubility are then clearly identified. In fact, the presence of solvent molecules favors the layering of CO2 molecule within the pores thereby the CO2 solubility in hybrid adsorbent markedly increases in comparison with the one found in the raw adsorbent as well as in the bulk solvent. In addition, to fully evaluate the efficiency of hybrid adsorbents in capturing CO2, the sorbent-solid interactions along with the solvent molecular size impact on CO2 solubility are further investigated in this study. We found that an ideal hybrid system should possess a weak solvent-solid interaction but a strong solvent-CO2 affinity. Furthermore, an optimal solvent size is obtained for the enhanced CO2 solubility in the hybrid system. According to the simulation results, the solvent layer builds pseudo-micropores inside the mesoporous MCM-41, enabling more CO2 molecules to be absorbed under greater influence of spatial confinement and surface interaction
Charousset, Katharina. "Procédé de traitement d'un adsorbant usé chargé en mercure". Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU3029.
Texto completoSacerdote-Peronnet, Myriam. "Etude cristallochimique d'interactions adsorbant-adsorbat dans des zéolithes présentant la topologie MFI : applications aux systèmes MFI-P-xylène et MFI-benzène". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10028.
Texto completoOulanti, Lamiae. "Synthèse d'un support solide adsorbant les contaminants de l'eau blanche". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6184/1/030405485.pdf.
Texto completoMercy, Michel. "Contribution à l'étude des relations entre coefficients d'accommodation et physisorption". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10221.
Texto completoMo, Yayuan. "Elaboration et mise en oeuvre de membranes alginate, polyethylenimine à haut pouvoir de percolation : application en tant que matériaux adsorbants ou catalyseurs supportés". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG014.
Texto completoAlginate is a hydrophilic and biocompatible polymer with abundant free carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. This work developed and optimized the process for the fabrication of highly-percolating membranes based on alginate. The simple process has been designed by mixing alginate and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to obtain a structured hydrogel and subsequently improved stability by crosslinking between glutaraldehyde (GA) and amine groups of PEI. This double interaction (PEI/alginate, PEI/GA) makes it possible to produce macroporous membranes, after air-drying (without energy-consuming and sophisticated drying procedure), allowing natural drainage. The prepared membranes have been used for two applications: (a) sorption of metal ions (cationic and anionic), and (b) hydrogenation of nitrophenolic compounds by heterogeneous catalysis. The membranes and their interactions with metal ions were analyzed by FTIR, SEM, and XPS. The adsorbent was characterized by the presence of carboxylic groups and amino functions, which offers numerous possibilities for interacting with metal ions by complexation (i.e., carboxylates, free amines) and ion exchange/electrostatic attraction (i.e., protonated amine groups) depending on the pH of solution and metal speciation. These different possibilities have been illustrated by a series of experiments on metal ions such as Hg(II), Cu(II), Se(VI), Cr(VI), As(V). These various studies illustrate the particular affinity of membranes for metal anions (preferentially to cations) due in particular to the greater availability of protonated amino functions. Furthermore, an additional study was conducted on PEI crosslinked with GA (as a powder) for exploring the effect of the crosslinking of PEI on the binding of metal ions. The study demonstrated that the crosslinking rate has a moderate effect on the sorption of Se(VI) ions. At last, after briefly studying the sorption of Pd(II) on the membranes, a reduction was made of Pd(II) loaded on the support (partially converted to Pd(0)) in order to synthesize catalysis for the hydrogenation of 3-NP to 3-AP. This demonstrates the feasibility of applying these supports for heterogeneous catalysis
Chkir, Mouna. "Synthèse de gels phosphocalciques issus de déchets industriels carbonatés : caractérisation physico-chimique, thermique et rhéologique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0039.
Texto completoThe aim of this research was the valorization of industrial wastes rich in carbonates to prepare calcium phosphate gels for environmental applications. The phosphocalcic gel was prepared by precipitation from calcium carbonate industrial waste and a phosphate solution. The process consisted in mixing the reagents under a set of variable parameters (pH, Ca / P, temperature, dilution) to study the influence of each parameter on the conversion rate and the adsorption properties of the synthetized material. A reference hydroxyapatite was prepared following the same procedure with a commercial carbonate grade (98% wt), in order to compare with the waste-made hydroxyapatite. The characterization and chemical analysis of synthetized hydroxyapatites were carried out by means of rheology, particle size, Scanning Electron Microscopy, BET, ThermoGravimetric Analysis – Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X Ray Diffraction and Infrared spectroscopy (Fourrier Transformation Infra Red) analysis. The results obtained led to find out the chronology of the carbonates conversion into Ca-Hap precursors and particles of amorphous Ca-HAp. The kinetics show that the conversion rate is about 90% (wt) for pure CaCO3, 70% for the first waste and 50% for the second waste. Monitoring the viscosity and elastic properties has allowed us to demonstrate the formation of a viscoelastic gel. The synthesis of an elastic gel of calcium phosphate using CaCO3 waste seems to be a promising way to transform calcium residues into a valuable sorbent. Valorization of this gel in environmental applications for pollution remediation seems to be an advantageous perspective
Mouche, Emmanuel. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement dynamique d'une molécule de méthane adsorbée dans une cavité de la zéolite naA par calcul de potentiel et diffusion de neutrons". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112159.
Texto completoWe present a theoretical and experimental study of the orientation and the external frequencies of a CH 4 molecule trapped by a Na+ cation of the NaA zeolite. A semi empirical calculation of CH 4 with Na shows that there is a favourable molecular orientation. We obtain the expression for the incoherent neutron scattering cross section. This expression gives the experimental conditions for obtaining the molecular orientation and dynamics. A neutron scattering experiment enabled a measurement of the external frequencies for comparison with those given by the calculation
Ragon, Alain. "Etude d'une technique de traitement permanent de l'insuffisance renale chronique terminale : la regeneration d'un hemofiltrat par des adsorbants". Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX22951.
Texto completoKongtip, Pornpimol. "Charcoal cloth as an adsorbant for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in indoor air". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41640.
Texto completoCharcoal cloth was comparable to the NIOSH tube, adsorbed VOCs being quantitatively removed at any time up to 32 days after sampling. Although solvent (pentane, hexane) desorption yielded accurate, reproducible results with a high percent recovery of the VOCs, a major disadvantage was the irreparable damage done to the cloth, preventing its repeated use. Desorption by SFE proved unreliable for these low molecular weight VOCs, both the collecting solvents and the VOCs being lost during extraction. Thermal desorption proved to be efficient, sensitive and reliable, repeated heating having no effect on the adsorptive properties of the cloth. Charcoal cloth would appear to be a useful adsorbing medium for air sampling of both industrial and office building/home environments for either single chemicals or mixtures.
BEAUVAIS, KELLER GHISLAINE. "Propagation d'un melange de tensio-actifs anionique et non-ionique dans un milieu poreux adsorbant". Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066033.
Texto completoEl, Oufir Zineb. "Adsorption de phénol en milieu aqueux sur carbone adsorbant nanoporeux : approche expérimentale et simulation numérique". Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3063.
Texto completoAdsorption on disordered nanoporous carbons (activated carbons) is known as the most interesting techniques in dealing with water treatment. The complexity of the adsorption process in an aqueous medium is due to the many parameters which govern the adsorbent-adsorbate and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. A study combining the experiments and molecular simulations is proposed to study the role of parameters like the conductivity of carbon surface, morphology, and topology of the porous network, presence of surface groups, and selectivity in an aqueous medium. The study targets the adsorption of phenol in aqueous solution on an activated carbon cloth. The adsorption properties of phenol on the activated carbon have been studied experimentally by tracing the adsorption isotherms (UV spectroscopy) and characterizing the chemical composition (CHONS analysis and programmed thermoresorption), atomic structure (X-ray diffraction) and microporous texture (N2 / CO2 adsorption and SAXS). A comparative study has been conducted on the adsorption of caffeine, to highlight the role of the size and chemical functions of the adsorbate.By using HRMC, different atomic structures of activated carbon have been constructed based on experimental data (analysis elementary, structure factor/radial distribution function, and pore volume data). Two force fields have been applied and compared, i.e. EDIP and Erhart-Albe. The constructed models have been numerically characterized (specific surface, pore size distribution, number of rings per atom histogram, structure factor, radial distribution function), and compared to the experiments.The atomic structure has been applied as an adsorbent to simulate the adsorption of phenol/water binary mixture by the Grand Canonique Monte Carlo method (GCMC). To reduce calculation times, parallel codes have been developed and implemented using MPI C++. The originality of the method also lies in taking into account the carbon surface conductivity using the CSM method (Charge Simulation Method). The results of numerical simulations are discussed and compared to experimental data
Chkir, Mouna. "Synthèse de gels phosphocalciques issus de déchets industriels carbonatés : caractérisation physico-chimique, thermique et rhéologique". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0039/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this research was the valorization of industrial wastes rich in carbonates to prepare calcium phosphate gels for environmental applications. The phosphocalcic gel was prepared by precipitation from calcium carbonate industrial waste and a phosphate solution. The process consisted in mixing the reagents under a set of variable parameters (pH, Ca / P, temperature, dilution) to study the influence of each parameter on the conversion rate and the adsorption properties of the synthetized material. A reference hydroxyapatite was prepared following the same procedure with a commercial carbonate grade (98% wt), in order to compare with the waste-made hydroxyapatite. The characterization and chemical analysis of synthetized hydroxyapatites were carried out by means of rheology, particle size, Scanning Electron Microscopy, BET, ThermoGravimetric Analysis – Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X Ray Diffraction and Infrared spectroscopy (Fourrier Transformation Infra Red) analysis. The results obtained led to find out the chronology of the carbonates conversion into Ca-Hap precursors and particles of amorphous Ca-HAp. The kinetics show that the conversion rate is about 90% (wt) for pure CaCO3, 70% for the first waste and 50% for the second waste. Monitoring the viscosity and elastic properties has allowed us to demonstrate the formation of a viscoelastic gel. The synthesis of an elastic gel of calcium phosphate using CaCO3 waste seems to be a promising way to transform calcium residues into a valuable sorbent. Valorization of this gel in environmental applications for pollution remediation seems to be an advantageous perspective
Bouguerra, Maissa. "Étude de l'élimination des ions nitrate dans les effluents agroalimentaires au moyen d'un adsorbant organosilicate mésoporeux". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26966/26966.pdf.
Texto completoAloui, Lobna. "Synthèse de nano-adsorbant à base d’argile, application à l’adsorption de métaux lourds et de chlorophénols". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0644/document.
Texto completoThis study concerns the synthesis of zeolites and organophilic clays from clay and their applications for the adsorption of metallic elements (Pb2+, Cd2+) and chlorophenols.In terms of the synthesis of organophilic clays, a smectite clay was modified using the HDTMA surfactant. This organophilic clay was used for the adsorption of 3-chlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol. The study of isotherms and adsorption calorimetry have proved the effectiveness of this organophilic clay for the adsorption of the two chlorophenols.By hydrothermal high-pressure synthesis of zeolites, from natural clay composed of a fraction of kaolinite, illite and quartz, two types of zeolites were synthesized with good purity, a cancrinite (CAN) type zeolite and the other analcime (ANA) type; other type of zeolite was synthesized such as faujasite 13X but the purity and reproducibility was limited.These three types of zeolite (CAN, ANA and FAU 13X) were tested for the adsorption of Pb (II) and Cd (II). A better affinity of the zeolites synthesized than the starting clay with respect to the two metallic cations (Pb (II) and Cd (II)). The study of the adsorption kinetics of Pb (II) and Cd (II) showed rapid adsorption of the two metallic cations studied on the different types of zeolites. The results proved that the synthesized zeolites were a very promising materials for the adsorption and removal of heavy metals in water
Daoudi, Abdelali. "Systèmes Métal-CO comme modèles de chimisorption : interaction de configuration et orbitales naturelles". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112050.
Texto completoWang, Jiabin. "Synthesis of graphene based materials and other applications as energy storage materials and Ni (II) ions adsorbant". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3748.
Texto completoHuguet, Hélène-Céline. "Développement d'un adsorbant synthétique pour un procédé d'épuration plasmatique destiné au traitement de patients hémophiles A sensibilisés". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114809.
Texto completoThe occurrence of anti-factor VIII (FVIII) allo-antibodies is a severe complication of the treatment of haemophilia A patients, leading to the inhibition of transfused FVIII activity. The selective elimination of these inhibitory antibodies using immunoadsorption device employing purely synthetic adsorbers, is of interest in the treatment strategy of haemophilia A patients with inhibitors. Adsorbers consisting of polystyrene-based beads substituted with sulphonate and L-tyrosyl methylester groups, which mimic par of epitope of FVIII recognized by inhibitors, exhibit selective binding capacities towards anti-FVIII antibodies. These adsorbers were investigated as regards to their adsorption capacity by simulating a therapeutic immunoadsorption in order to reproduce condition to be encountered in clinical setting. The final aim of these studies was to define an innovative medical device for the management of haemophilia A patients with inhibitors
Benzouaa, Rachid. "Purification de l'hexafluorure d'uranium". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22433.
Texto completoUranium hexafluoride (UF6), is the only compound used in the gaseous state in the process of enrichment to produce nuclear fuel. For the success of the enrichment step, the UF6 quality is paramount. This study is mainly concerned with volatile impurities in form of fluorides and oxyfluorides and their reactivity with the materials in presence or not of UF6. The nature of the adsorbed compounds and reactions products was identified. The physico-chemical mechanisms of sorption were investigated. The performances (sorption capacity, selectivity and regeneration) of the absorbent and adsorbent materials have been evaluated to be used as UF6 filters in conversion plants
Trieu, An. "Design of hybrid nano-composite adsorbent for recovery of Pd And Au from electronic wastewater". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1314.
Texto completoSecondary sources of precious metals, such as e-waste, have been recently gaining more attention thanks to raising awareness of natural resources depletion and sound impact of recycling industry on employment and economic growth. Recycling technologies have now to be developed, enabling extraction of very small concentration (10-100 ppm) of precious metals, such as palladium (Pd) and gold (Au), from effluents of recycling factories economically viable.In this context, our study addresses the use of thioctic surface-modified zirconia nanoparticles to capture efficiently and selectively Pd(II) and Au(III) ions from industrial electronic wastewater. The advantages of using the commercial thioctic acid (TOA) over dialkyldiglycoamide or (N,N)-dialkylcarbamoylmethylphosphonic acids ones in terms of adsorption capacity and selectivity were demonstrated. Batch-mode adsorption experiments combined with ICP-OES method were conducted and our findings have displayed adsorption capacities toward Pd and Au of 6.3 mg/g and 43.3 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption processes were found to follow the Langmuir model and adsorption rates were best-fitted to pseudo-second order equation. The optimization conditions for selective stripping set-up using acidified solutions of thiourea were also investigated. Particularly, in order to improve the reusability of this hybrid nanomaterial, two-step surface modification processes were developed through alendronic acid-surface functionalization of nano-ZrO2 and amide coupling reaction with TOA.Furthermore, the grafting processes of nano-ZrO2 onto carboxylic-modified polypropylene textile were studied via traditional dip-coating and layer-by-layer coating methods. It has been realized that layer-by-layer coating method is a promising method in terms of its flexibility, ease of handling, and environmental friendliness
Fournier, Jeannine. "Adsorption des hydrocarbures polycycliques aromatiques sur des solides donneurs d'electrons". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066168.
Texto completoPakulski, Dawid. "Graphene based materials and their potential applications". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF060.
Texto completoScientific purpose of this doctoral dissertation is synthesis of functionalized two-dimensional materials (graphene and graphene oxide) and their comprehensive physicochemical characterization, with particular emphasis on adsorption and energy storage properties. We could demonstrate that covalent modification of graphene oxide (GO) with an organic polymer (BPEI) very favorably affects the efficiency of the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) values for heavy metal ions significantly favour this material in comparison to the majority of known carbon adsorbents. Moreover, functionalization of GO with mesoporous aminosilica (SiO2NH2) leads to obtaining an efficient and rapid adsorbent of organic cationic dyes (MB, RhB, MV). ln addition we proved that the functionalization of graphene (EEG) using the POM-surfactant su bu nits proved that this type of organic-inorganic hybrids material is very stable and have interesting electrical properties with potential application in the production of supercapacitors
Bah, Abdellah. "Étude de films de chlorométhane et de trichlorométhane physisorbes sur les plans de base du graphite". Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10017.
Texto completoWade, James Patrick. "Biotic and Abiotic Remediation of Acetaminophen with Woodchip and Biochar-amended Woodchip Adsorbents". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64157.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Carpentier, Pascal. "Etude de la sorption des oxydes de soufre par des masses regenerables a base d'oxyde de magnesium". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066296.
Texto completoBehra, Philippe. "Etude du comportement d'un micropolluant metallique (le mercure) au cours de sa migration a travers un milieu poreux sature : identification experimentale des mecanismes d'echanges et modelisation des phenomenes". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13120.
Texto completoWestermann, Alexandre. "Élimination sélective d'un mélange d'hydrocarbures imbrûlés Diesel par adsorption sur des matériaux zéolithiques". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0275/document.
Texto completoCurrently, about 80% of the pollution from unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) is emitted during the cold-start period, for an approximate duration of 120 s. For Diesel vehicles, a promising approach might be to trap the HC onto an adsorbent below 200-250 °C, and then to oxidize them at higher temperatures over a conventional oxidation catalyst. However, few publications in the literature deal with the adsorption / desorption of a complex mixture of HC, especially in the presence of inhibitors. In this study, we tried to assess in which extent structural and chemical properties of zeolite adsorbents could affect the adsorption and desorption characteristics of a model mixture of HC (propene, toluene, decane) in the absence/presence of inhibitors (NOx, H2O, COx ..). For this purpose, three sets of tests were performed in order to measure the respective influences of: (i) the composition of the HC mixture (ternary/binary) and the presence of water on the HY zeolite (with the faujasite structure) for several Si/Al ratios; (ii) the incorporation of a metallic cation (Cu, Pt, Ce, Cs) in the HY zeolite (Si/Al = 5); (iii) the topology and porosity of protonated zeolite (FAU, BEA, MOR, MFI, FER, LTA structures). The textural, structural and chemical properties of the studied zeolites were systematically characterized by nitrogen porosimetry, XRD, FTIR / ATR, DRS-UV-Vis, FTIR of CO, NO and adsorbed pyridine. In general, the breakthrough curves obtained with different compositions indicate that the distribution of each HC is strongly affected by the presence of other compounds present simultaneously in the porous network. For protonated Y zeolites, low Si/Al ratios promote selectively the adsorption of unsaturated HC while the more hydrophobic zeolites (for higher Si/Al ratios) preferentially adsorb decane. Among the various tested inhibitors (CO, NOx, H2O), only water has a strong influence on the adsorption capacities at low Si/Al ratios, due to a competitive adsorption with HC on acid sites. The incorporation of metallic species in the HY-5 zeolite enhances the selectivity for the adsorption of unsaturated hydrocarbons and especially the light ones (propene). TPSR experiments under reactive atmosphere showed that the presence of new Lewis acid sites Cu+ and/or Cu2+ on an exchange site strongly improves the NOx reduction by pre-adsorbed HC. The impregnated Pt-zeolite has a typical behaviour of an oxidation catalyst, all of the carboneous compounds (HC, CO,...) being completely converted to CO2 from 300 °C. The study of adsorption/desorption characteristics of HC among different zeolitic structures show that the topology and the strength of acid sites are also critical for the HC trapping. All these results allow to consider using some of these tested formulations for a "cold-start" application
Mohsen, Yehya. "Conception et caractérisation d’une plate-forme microfluidique pour la détection sélective de traces d’un produit de dégradation du TNT dans l’atmosphère". Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA2004/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this study is to develop and characterize a micro-fluidic platform allowing theconcentration and the separation of a degradation compound of trinitrotoluene: the orthonitrotoluenerecognized as an explosive taggants. Tin dioxide gas sensors (SnO2) used here asdetectors suffer from a luck of selectivity and have an insufficient sensitivity toward most ofpollutants. For that, our original approach consists to work in front of a chemical gas sensor(SnO2), in particular, by developing on the one hand a gas micro-preconcentrator to improve thesensitivity and on the other hand, a chromatographic micro-column in order to overcome the luckof selectivity.First, various adsorbents have been studied and characterized for the ONT concentration. Theobtained results allowed to select three types of activated carbons (N, KL2 and KL3) and ahydrophobic zeolite DAY. Then, the micro-system devices have been realized on a siliconsubstrate and manufactured using the silicon/glass technology.The last part of this work is devoted to the evaluation of the platform performances in terms ofconcentration and separation of ONT. In particular, after the optimization of the experimentalconditions concerning the concentration and the elution of ortho-nitrotoluene, the couplingbetween the micro-fluidic platform and a tin dioxide gas sensor allowed on the one hand to showthat the detection limit of the ONT pollutant is lower than 365 ppb. In this case, a total desorptionof the analyte and a constant concentration factor were obtained with the zeolite DAY. On theother hand, the use of this type of platform allowed to obtain a good separation and detectionperformance of ONT in presence of interferent (toluene) and at high humidity rate
Loos-Neskovic, Christiane. "Préparations et propriétés de fixation des hexacyanoferrates II de zinc et de nickel". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066592.
Texto completoDezani, Chloé. "Photocatalyse hétérogène en réacteurs ouverts pour la gestion de la ressource solaire : expérimentations sur différents médias et modélisation". Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0018.
Texto completoThe occurrence of micropollutants in water is recognized as a public health concern that needs to be addressed. The challenge is both to implement water reuse and to prevent micropollutants from being disseminated in the environment, and therefore to stop their detrimental effects. These so-called emerging contaminants are anthropogenic and most of them are non-biodegradable. Therefore, conventional biological treatments of wastewater treatment plants are not appropriate. Heterogeneous photocatalysis belongs to the advanced oxidation processes developed specifically for micropollutants’ removal. This process can be operated under solar light which makes it a relevant environmental-friendly option. Solar characteristics, such as light fluctuation and intermittency, have a direct impact on the process’s treatment capacity and need to be considered for its management. In the literature, photocatalytic reactors are mainly operated in a batch mode, which implies stopping treatment during the night. The development of continuous-mode reactors requires finding solutions to deal with light intermittency. This thesis aims, in a first part, to develop a model to predict the process’s treatment capacity of a continuous-mode reactor based on heterogeneous photocatalysis. This step is essential for the scaling and control of solar processes for micropollutants’ removal. The study also focuses, in a second part, on the reliability of a technology for intermittency management. This technology is based on a composite material made of an adsorbent and a photocatalyst. The adsorbent allows to store micropollutants when light is not enough, during the night or cloudy events. The photocatalyst enables the contaminants to be degraded, both in the liquid and solid phases, in order to operate the liquid treatment as well as regenerating the adsorbent. These two studies aim to bring knowledge to the development of continuous-mode solar processes, that can operate despite solar intermittency and light fluctuations. The first step to reach the previous purposes, is to develop a model to represent the radiation field inside the photoreactor for the two studied photocatalysts with the aim of calculating the local volumetric rate of photon absorption (LVRPA). In case of photocatalysts in suspension, literature about modelling radiative transfer is rich in comparison with supported photocatalysts. Therefore, the two tested media, titanium dioxide in suspension and titanium dioxide supported on an inert macroporous foam, require specific methodologies. The second step is to determine the kinetics model, which is a function of the pollutant concentration and the LVRPA, thanks to batch-mode experiments. Local kinetics of the different pairs “pollutant/photocatalysts” (caffeine/suspension or foam) are determined. Two reactors are studied: a plug-flow one and a perfectly well-mixed one. Knowing the models of their hydrodynamics and their kinetics, the combination of all of them is validated and then applied on photo-degradation experiments of caffeine under dynamic light operating conditions, representative of real solar light. The last purpose is to test the composite material in a continuous-mode photoreactor submitted to cycles alternating light and dark periods. The ability of the composite to degrade and regenerate is evidenced
Lecarme-Théobold, Émilie. "Comportement du tributylétain en milieu aqueux en présence d'une phase solide hétérogène". Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10255.
Texto completoEscallon, Serge. "Etude des phénomènes interfaciaux d'adsorption d'une vapeur organo-chlorée sur un adsorbant microporeux : cas du trichloro-1,1,1 éthane sur le charbon activé". Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20105.
Texto completoHermosilla-Lara, Guillaume. "Stockage de l'hydrogène par adsorption sur charbon actif : étude des effets thermiques lors de la charge dynamique d'un réservoir à lit fixe adsorbant". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10026.
Texto completoThis work presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the thermal effects occurring during the charge of adsorbent fixed bed tank. The influence ofthese thermal effects, which result from the exothermal character of the adsorption pro cess and the pressure forces work, on the storage capacity is specially analysed. An experimental setup allOwing the dynamic measurements of the temperature and pressure profiles has been used. Then the numerical protocol with the Fluent software, has been validated by comparison of the simulated pressure, flow rate and. Temperature fields in the tank with the results obtained from an experimental investigation carried out the dynamic storage. Several predictive simulations have been carried out in order to study the effect of the boundary conditions, as the wall temperature or effective thermal conductivity of the porous bed, on the storage capacity of the reservoir. We searched the optimal geometry of an interbed thermal dissipater for a given industrial tank. To do this we made vary the H/L ratio, which represents the ratio of the height of an elementary stage and the totallength of the tank. We could determine an optimal geometry which corresponds to the value 1/3 of the ratio H/L. From this optimum we studied the effect offive additional cooling tubes on the tank storage capacity. The stored mass is 15 % higher than that obtained without these tubes
ABDALLAH, KHODR. "Contribution experimentale a l'etude de la cinetique d'adsorption de gaz". Paris, ENSAM, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENAM0003.
Texto completoSchaaf, Pierre. "La technique de reflectometrie : sa mise en oeuvre et son application a l'etude de l'adsorption de macromolecules a une interface solide/solution". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13039.
Texto completoMignard, Samuel. "Mode de désactivation des zéolithes : caractérisation des zéolithes cokées par adsorption de diverses molécules". Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2297.
Texto completoGao, Yumin. "Influences des dépôts métalliques sur l'effet SERS". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066061.
Texto completoMane, Mane. "Adsorption des hydrocarbures insaturés (éthylène et propylène) sur la surface Pt(111) nue et en présence de coadsorbats (alcalins, oxygène, alcalins oxydés) : étude par AES, TDS, UPS, XPS et NEXAFS". Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10062.
Texto completoRazafitianamaharavo, Angelina. "Étude structurale du film de cyclohexane physisorbé sur graphite : Étude thermodynamique et structurale du film mixte (krypton-cyclohexane) physisorbe sur graphite". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10080.
Texto completoFirmin, Stéphane. "Efficacité de détoxication de l'aflatoxine B1 et de l'ochratoxine A par un adsorbant organique : évaluation par la balance d'excrétion et les paramètres toxicocinétiques chez le rat et la brebis laitière". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673423.
Texto completoOkambawa, Richard. "Étude expérimentale des interactions moléculaires gaz-gaz et gaz-adsorbant à partir des coefficients du viriel thermophysiques et des coefficients du viriel de la constante diélectrique /". Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1999. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2208187R.html.
Texto completoEn-tête de titre : Université du Québec. Institut national de la recherche scientifique (Énergie et matériaux). "Cette thèse a été réalisée à l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières... dans le cadre du programme du doctorat en sciences de l'énergie et des matériaux de l'Institut national de recherche scientifique-Énergie et matériaux extensionné à l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières." CaQTU CaQTU Comprend des références bibliogr.
Okambawa, Richard. "Étude expérimentale des interactions moléculaires gaz-gaz et gaz-adsorbant à partir des coefficients du viriel thermophysiques et des coefficients du viriel de la constante diélectrique". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1999. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6713/1/000664973.pdf.
Texto completoBellat, Jean-Pierre. "Données thermodynamiques et cinétiques des systèmes liquide-vapeur-adsorbant en vue de leur utilisation comme machine thermique a affinité : cas de la sépiolite et de la zéolithe 4a". Dijon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985DIJOS017.
Texto completoGonzales-Fernandez, Maria-Belen. "Chimisorption et physisorption de molécules organiques dans les graphitures alcalins". Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2034.
Texto completoArmand, Dominique. "Etude du rôle des structures cristallines intrinsèque et induite du platine sur l'électrosorption de l'hydrogène et de l'oxygène en milieu acide". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066073.
Texto completoCamara, El Hadji Malick. "Développement d'un micro-préconcentrateur pour la détection de substances chimiques à l'état de trace en phase gaz". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448980.
Texto completoLamotte, Jean. "Etude par spectroscopie infrarouge des proprietes superficielles de la thorine et des especes adsorbees resultant de l'interaction co + h : :(2)". Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2047.
Texto completoKhayar, Mohammed. "Étude de l'adsorption des tensio-actifs sur les minéraux peu conducteurs : caractérisation diélectrique : application a la flottation des pulpes minérales". Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10057.
Texto completoVan, Eeden Charlotte May. "Characterisation of the adsorbate-adsorbent interaction between drugs or pesticides and carbon/silica compounds / Charlotte May van Eeden". Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/621.
Texto completoThesis (Ph.D. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.