Artículos de revistas: "Afghan immigrants"

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Riaz, Adnan. "Re-Inculturation of Pashtunwali and Afghaniyat in Naheed Hasnat Senzai’s Shooting Kabul". European Journal of Language and Literature 7, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/836klv69q.

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The paper analyses the immigrants’ perspective on their homeland and tradition while living in a host culture as an immigrant in the novel Shooting Kabul. By focusing on Afghaniyat, the article underlines the critical aspects of Afghan culture incorporated by Senzai in this work and the re-inculturation of Pashtunwali and Afghaniyat in the immigrant communities. The argument builds on Mir Hekmatullah Sadat’s concept of Afghaniyat and regurgitates that immigrants are reluctant to surrender their cultural norms outside their homelands. Practising Afghaniyat is challenging, demanding and continuous adherence to the subverting strife between the host majority society and minority Afghans. For the mentioned purpose, the text paper focuses on text analysis, giving references to culturally significant points and provides a view on immigrant feelings portrayed by the author. The study refers to the multiple historically significant codes of Afghaniyat, which combine the entire Afghan immigrant community into an Afghan nation outside Afghanistan.

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Piipponen, Minna y Joni Virkkunen. "The Remigration of Afghan Immigrants from Russia". Nationalities Papers 48, n.º 4 (24 de marzo de 2020): 644–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2019.84.

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AbstractRussia is one of the world’s largest migrant-receiving countries. The recession of recent years, changes in labor market and immigration policies, and an increase in anti-foreign sentiment have directly affected immigrants’ lives in Russia. This has been reflected not only in how immigrants find employment and housing in the country but also in how they perceive Russia as a country in which to work and live. This article analyzes remigration as a coping strategy of Afghan immigrants in Russia. These immigrants face severe everyday difficulties as irregular migrants and suffer discrimination and uncertainty. Despite their low status and vulnerability, we argue that Afghan immigrants still have agency, evident in how they interpret and live in the Russian anti-immigrant atmosphere. The article is based on stories narrated by Afghan immigrants in Russia and a qualitative content analysis of the asylum application protocols of Afghan asylum seekers in Finland that was produced by the Finnish Border Guard, Police, and the Finnish Immigration Service. A total of 632 Afghan citizens applied for asylum after entering Finland from the Russian Federation along the “Arctic route” between 2015 and 2016.

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Zandi-Navgran, Leila, Abbas Askari-Nodoushan, Rasoul Sadeghi, Hossein Afrasiabi y Mohammad Jalal Abbasi- Shavazi. "Identity Integration of Afghan Immigrants in Iran: A Grounded Theory Study". Social Welfare 23, n.º 89 (1 de agosto de 2023): 165–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/refahj.23.89.4154.1.

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Introduction: Iran has hosted foreign immigrants, mostly Afghans and Iraqis, for the past four decades. The number of Afghan refugees registered by the UN Refugee Agency in 2021, shows that among different countries, Iran is the second destination of Afghan refugees after Pakistan. One of the key aspects of immigrants' lives that changes in the context of life and residence in the host community is identity. Identity is an important element in the process of immigrant integration, reflecting the sense of belonging or alienation from the culture of host society by the migrant. This paper aims to explore the identity integration among the first- and second-generation Afghan immigrants in Iran. Method: The research has been conducted within the framework of a constructivist approach and a Grounded Theory research method. The sampling method was purposeful and snowball. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 45 participants in the cities of Yazd and Tehran. The theoretical coding method was used to analyze the research date. Findings: Findings indicate eight main categories including fear of identity expression, Iranian identification, identity concealment, identity crisis, comparison with Iranian peers, sense of belonging to ethnic identity, and comparison with Afghan peers were extracted. By summarizing the main categories, "identity purgatory" was obtained as the final core category. Discussion: According to the results of our field study, it can be concluded that the process of identity integration is not an intergenerational process for Afghan migrants, but it depends mainly on how migrants form their interpersonal interactions at the micro, intermediate and macro levels. Another challenge for immigrants is that they are unable to develop their different social identities in a way that allows them to affirm both their own ethnic as well as destination national identities.

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Rohani, Sarah Pour y Sima Pour Rohani. "Afghan Immigrants in Iran and Citizenship". Journal of Public Administration and Governance 4, n.º 4 (18 de noviembre de 2014): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v4i4.6625.

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Presence of Afghans in Iran has been critical issue for Iranian government. During the Open Door Policy of Iran, huge population of Afghans entered Iran without official monitoring. They have married and got children. Many of these marriages are not officially registered in Iran nor in Afghanistan. Therefore, Iran has faced many illegitimate marriages and children. This paper is to explain the reasons of Afghan entrance to Iran, their situation in Iran and the consequences of their presence for Iranian government. The main goal of the article is to demonstrate how critical the problem is if it is not dealt with as soon as possible.

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Subedi, Narendra Raj. "Cultural Hybridity in The Kite Runner". Journal of Development Review 8, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2023): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jdr.v8i1.57123.

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The Kite Runner is a novel written by Khaled Hosseini. The novel is a mirror to see the Afghan history, culture, religions, politics and many other aspects of the nation. Specifically, the novel evolves round the Afghan immigrants in Fremont, California. This paper attempts to reveal the issues of cultural differences between the two cultures: Afghan/Muslim and the American/Christian where the Afghan immigrants face cultural difficulties in a new land. In the colonial, post-colonial and post-modern societies people from across the world travel, migrate, immigrate and even settle in a new cultural location where they have to assimilate, resist or interpret the new culture. In the midst of it, this article will examine the readjustment of the immigrants in a culturally different location. Readjustment is not easy but can be made possible by their choice off cultural hybridization. In this context Homi K Bhabha, a post-colonial theorist is considered for the application part in the present study. For Bhabha the cultural space means neither the one nor the other but something else besides, in between. Neither this nor that so the third space is created for the cultural practice. The Afghan immigrants find the third space where they can rest their cultural pain. Certainly, the assumption of 'in between-space' will help to come out to the cultural problems of immigrants in the new land.

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Takbiri, Afsaneh, AmirHossein Takian, Abbas Rahimi Foroushani y Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan. "The challenges of providing primary health care to Afghan immigrants in Tehran: a key global human right issue". International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 13, n.º 3 (9 de mayo de 2020): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-06-2019-0042.

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Purpose This study aims to explore the challenges of providing primary health care (PHC) to Afghan immigrants in Tehran as an important global human right issue. Design/methodology/approach In this exploratory study, a total of 25 purposively selected PHC providers, including physicians, psychologists and midwives, were approached for face-to-face, semi-structured interviews, lasting 30 min on average. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings The most common challenges of providing PHC to Afghan immigrants were categorized at individual, organizational and societal levels. Communication barriers and socioeconomic features emerged at the individual level. The organizational challenges included mainly the lack of insurance coverage for all immigrants and the lack of a screening system upon the immigrants’ arrival from the borders. At the societal level, the negative attitudes toward Afghan immigrants were causing a problematic challenge. Research limitations/implications The main limitation was the possibility that only health-care professionals with particular positive or negative perspectives about immigrants enter into the study, because of the voluntary nature of participation. Practical implications Findings can help policymakers adopt evidence-informed strategies for facilitating PHC provision and improving the access to health care in immigrants as a global human right concern. Social implications This study alerts about undesirable consequences of certain attitudes and behaviors of the society toward immigrant health. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies conducted in PHC centers in Tehran Province that explores the challenges of providing PHC to Afghan immigrants.

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Zanganeh, Yaghoob, Alireza Hamidian y Hosseinali Karimi. "The Analysis of Factors Affecting the Residential Mobility of Afghan Immigrants Residing in Mashhad (Case Study: Municipality Regions 4, 5 and 6)". Asian Social Science 12, n.º 6 (20 de mayo de 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n6p61.

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The settlement of the immigrants, especially foreign immigrants in different cities and city areas has a major influence in shaping and changing socio-spatial structure of these areas. Mashhad has been the target of a large number of Afghan refugees in the past decades (160 thousand people). The initial settlement of immigrants in marginal areas of the city and residential mobility in the early settlement has obvious consequences on the social and spatial structure of different areas targeted by the immigrants. This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the residential mobility of Afghan refugees residing in districts 4, 5 and 6 of Mashhad- Iran. The research was a survey type and the required data were gathered by field studies using questionnaires and library. The results of this study suggests that a major portion Afghan immigrant (86%) have been settled at the beginning of their arrival to Mashhad in marginal areas and slums including, Golshahr, Panj-tan, Ghaleh Sakhteman and Tollab. In the initial settlement of immigrants in the mentioned places factors such as proximity to fellow coreligionists and affordable rental housing prices are crucial. In terms of residential mobility, 45.7% of immigrant families have changed their location at least once in Mashhad. The highest residential mobility has taken place in the Golshahr areas (28.1%) and Panj-tan (28.1%). Family residential mobility between regions existed in smaller and restricted scale. The stated reasons and motives in relation to residential mobility of immigrants are different in the later stages after primary residence. Generally the factors of insecurity and lack of resources and utilities, improved financial condition and ability to buy a better house, ethnics and religion inconsonance and the tenant conditions are among the reasons stated by the refugees for changing their residence.

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Safi, Abdul Qayoum, Herlina Agustin y Edwin Rizal. "Afghan Migrants in Germany: Cross-Cultural Communication and Impact of Immigration on Afghan Culture". Studies in Media and Communication 11, n.º 7 (19 de septiembre de 2023): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v11i7.6269.

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The purpose of this case study was to determine how migration affected Afghan culture and cultural relations among Afghan immigrants who lived in Germany. It examined the problems faced by Afghan immigrants, their coping mechanisms, and the preservation of their cultural identity. A qualitative study methodology was utilized, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 Afghan migrants residing in various German cities. Secondary data was obtained through literature reviews and other relevant sources, while primary data was gathered from the interviews. To identify significant findings and patterns related to the study's objectives, a thematic analysis was performed using NVivo 12. The study revealed that language limitations, cultural differences, and discrimination posed significant obstacles for Afghan migrants in their cross-cultural communication efforts. However, through community groups, cultural events, and educational initiatives, they actively participated in preserving their cultural heritage. The results underscored the importance of cultural awareness, empathy, and tolerance in fostering intercultural understanding and facilitating integration. Consequently, practical recommendations were proposed, including expanding Afghan immigrants ' access to language instruction, cultural resources, and support systems. Creating a welcoming environment also necessitated the development of strong bonds between German residents and Afghan migrants. This study contributes to the field of intercultural communication and offers guidance to practitioners and policymakers seeking to integrate Afghan immigrants into German society.

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Amiri, Rana, Kathryn M. King, Abbas Heydari, Nahid Dehghan-Nayeri y Abu Ali Vedadhir. "Health-Seeking Behavior of Afghan Women Immigrants: An Ethnographic Study". Journal of Transcultural Nursing 30, n.º 1 (5 de agosto de 2018): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659618792613.

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Background: Nowadays, in light of gender inequity, new concern has been raised for health-seeking behavior of women in clinical setting. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions and health-seeking behaviors of Afghan immigrant women residing in Mashhad, Iran. Method: An ethnographic design was used to examine the health-seeking behavior of Afghan women. This study took place in Tollab Tabarsi area of Mashhad, Iran, from March 2013 to July 2014. For gathering of data, participant observations, fieldwork, and formal interviews were included. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Fourteen Afghan women immigrants and five health care professionals were interviewed. The overarching category derived from the data was gender inequity. The emergent three themes were cultural taboos, women position, and information gap. Discussions: The displaced Afghan women were found to be at significant risk of adverse health events, which affected both their physical health and mental health.

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Hakimi, Razia, Masoomeh Kheirkhah, Jamileh Abolghasemi y Masumah Hakimi. "The Effect of Face-to-face Sex Education on the Sexual Function of Adolescent Female Afghan Immigrants". Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care 5, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2019): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jccnc.5.4.319.1.

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Background: Access to precise information about sexual behaviors is an essential need for a favorable marital life. In the context of Afghan society culture, unawareness about sex issues in offspring on the verge of marriage could lead to an undesirable sexual function. The present study aimed to determine the effect of face-to-face sex education on the sexual function of adolescent female Afghan immigrants. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a Pre-test-Post-test and a control group design. This research was conducted in the immigrant neighborhoods of Mashhad City, east of Iran, in 2018. Two charity centers with the largest numbers of Afghan immigrants were randomly selected as the case and control centers. A continuous sampling technique was applied to select the study participants. Besides, women who met the study inclusion criteria completed a demographic questionnaire and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) before and at 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention. In addition to the center’s routine programs, the experimental group received face-to-face education through PowerPoint slides, while the control group only received routine training of the center. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: There was no significant difference in the sexual function scores between the two study groups before the intervention (P=0.850), while there was a significant difference between them after 4 (P=0.003) and 8 weeks (P<0.001) of intervention provision. Conclusion: Face-to-face sexual training improved sexual function in adolescent female Afghan migrants; therefore, this training method could be used for sexual education in young female immigrants.

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Bozok, Nihan y Mehmet Bozok. "“Pandemi Mevcut Sorunları Derinleştirdi” : İstanbul’da Kayıtdışı Afgan Göçmenler, Sağlık, Hastalık ve Kovid-19 Pandemisi". Göç Dergisi 7, n.º 2 (23 de octubre de 2020): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/gd.v7i2.728.

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2020 yılında ortaya çıkan Kovid-19 pandemisi, dünyanın uzun salgın hastalıklar tarihinde yeni bir safhaya geçmesine yol açmıştır. Kovid-19 pandemisi, tarihteki diğer salgınlar gibi dezavantajlı olan grupların yaşamlarını daha olumsuz etkilemiştir. Bu makale, İstanbul’daki refakatsiz Afgan göçmen çocuklar ve kayıtdışı yetişkin Afgan göçmenlerin pandemi sürecinde daha fazla zorlaşan hayatları üzerine bir tartışma yürütmektedir. Makaleye kaynaklık eden veri İstanbul’da bulunan refakatsiz Afgan göçmen çocuklar ve kayıtdışı yetişkin erkek Afgan göçmenler üzerine beş yıldır (2015’ten 2020’e kadar) yürütülen boylamsal bir niteliksel araştırmaya dayanmaktadır. Makale, pandemi başlamadan önce de bu grubun hayati sağlık sorunlarıyla başa çıkmaya çalıştığını, göç sürecine ilişkin üç aşamayı ele alarak ortaya koymaktadır. Afganistan’daki sağlık sisteminin yetersizlikleri ve göç yolculuğunda ortaya çıkan yaralanmalar göçmenler için önemli sağlık sorunlarına yol açmaktadır. İstanbul’da özellikle ağır çalışma koşullarından kaynaklanan sağlık sorunları ve sağlık hizmetlerine erişimlerinin olmaması göçmenler için ölümcül sağlık sorunları yaratmaktadır. Kovid-19 pandemisi, Afgan göçmenlere yönelik sömürüyü, toplumsal eşitsizlikleri ve toplumsal dışlanmayı derinleştiren bir etki yaratmıştır. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH “Pandemic Transformed the Existing Problems”: Undocumented Afghan Immigrants in Istanbul, Health, Disease and Kovid-19 Pandemic The Covid-19 pandemic, which emerged in 2020, opened a new phase in the world’s long history of the epidemics. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the lives of disadvantaged groups more negatively than other outbreaks in history. This article discusses the unaccompanied Afghan migrant minors and undocumented adult male Afghan migrants in Istanbul, whose lives have become more problematic during the days of pandemic. The source of the article is based on a longitudinal qualitative study on unaccompanied Afghan migrant minors and undocumented adult male Afghan migrants in Istanbul for five years (from 2015 to 2020). This article argues that before the start of the pandemic, this group has long tried to deal with vital health issues by addressing three stages of migration process. The inadequacies of the health system in Afghanistan and the injuries that occur during the migration journey cause important health problems for migrants. Health problems and lack of access to health services, especially from heavy working conditions in Istanbul, create fatal health problems for migrants. The Covid-19 pandemic has created an effect that deepens labour exploitation, social inequalities and social exclusion of Afghan migrants.

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Heydari, Abbas, Rana Amiri, Nahid Dehghan Nayeri y Vedadhir AboAli. "Afghan refugees’ experience of Iran’s health service delivery". International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 9, n.º 2 (6 de junio de 2016): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-06-2015-0020.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore experiences of Afghan refugees from health service delivery in Mashhad, Iran. Design/methodology/approach – This is a descriptive study with contextual and qualitative design. Semi-structured interview conducted with 19 Afghan refugees and their caregivers and a focus group session were held with Afghan medical science students. Purposive sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were analysed by qualitative content analysis of Graneheim and Lundman. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were implemented to ensure trustworthiness. Findings – The results with the core concept of “position of immigrants in the health system” were presented at four themes of “perceived discrimination”, “snowed with loneliness”, “feeling inferior”, and “gratitude”. Research limitations/implications – This study has some implications for researchers and practitioners. The present study is the first study that was done on the health of Afghan refugees in Iran, therefore it can be a ground for further research. In addition, it has valuable results regarding the Afghan immigrants’ experience of health care system of Iran. Practical implications – It can be useful for improving the condition of immigrants in Iran and for improving Iran’s health system. In order to improve the health system in Iran, authorities should pay much attention to transcultural caring and needs of minorities. Furthermore, health workers should be trained to appropriately take care of all patients, without prejudice. Originality/value – Overall the study revealed that there is inequity in access to health services among Afghan refugees in Iran. The findings, although not generalized, offer important insights into health care providers in Iran which should be delivering health service without prejudice. The authors recommended that policies of public medical insurance and assistance programme should be implemented for providing affordable health care services for Afghan refugees.

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Dadfar, Mahboubeh, David Lester, Mohammad Kazem Atef Vahid, Ahmed M. Abdel Khalek, Mehrdad Mohammadian, Jafar Bolhari, Fazel Bahrami y Ali Asghar Asgharnejad Farid. "Mental Disorders Signs in Afghan Immigrants/Refugees". International Journal of Management and Sustainability 4, n.º 2 (2015): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.11/2015.4.2/11.2.26.38.

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Saidi, Saideh. "Migration and Redefining Self". Anthropology of the Middle East 14, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2019): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ame.2019.140206.

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This article explores how Afghan (Hazara) women negotiate and sift their religious understandings and identities over time after migrating to Germany. Migration experiences and exposure to German society has impacted their self-narration and conceptualisation of cultural change in their own identity. This ethnographic research illustrates the notion of acceptance or rejection to change among Hazara immigrant women in their lived religion in diaspora. Based on my fieldwork, three different trajectories along religious lines occur in the Afghan diaspora: a group of immigrants, enhancing Islamic values, whose relationship to and involvement in religion intensified and increased; the second group largely consider themselves secular Muslims trying to fully indulge into the new society; the third group has an elastic religious identity, blending Islamic values with Western-inspired lifestyles.

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Dadras, Omid, Takeo Nakayama, Masahiro Kihara, Masako Ono-Kihara, Seyedahmad Seyedalinaghi y Fateme Dadras. "The prevalence and associated factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes among Afghan women in Iran; Findings from community-based survey". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 1 (15 de enero de 2021): e0245007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245007.

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Backgrounds An estimated 2.5 million Afghans are living in the Iran and almost half of them are young women at the childbearing ages. Although the evidence indicates lower rates of antenatal care and higher incidence of pregnancy complications in Afghan compared to Iranian women, the underlying reasons are not well defined. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to explore the prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes and examine the impact of intimate partner violence, food insecurity, poor mental health, and housing issues on pregnancy outcome in Afghan women living in Iran. Methods In July 2019, we enrolled 424 Afghan women aged 18–44 years old using the time-location sampling at three community health centers in the south region of Tehran province. The data was collected through face to face interviews using the researcher-developed questionnaire. Using bivariate and multivariate analysis, the impact of poor antenatal care, intimate partner violence, food insecurity, and poor mental health was assessed on the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome. Results More than half (56.6%) of Afghan women reported at least one pregnancy complication in their recent pregnancy. The results showed that undocumented, illiterate, and unemployed Afghan women with lower socioeconomic status are more likely to experience adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, we observed lower prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes among documented immigrants with health insurance compared to those with no health insurance. It is also been found that the food insecurity [Adjusted OR = 3.35, 95% CI (1.34–8.36)], poor antenatal care [Adjusted OR = 10.50, 95% CI (5.40–20.39)], intimate partner violence [Adjusted OR = 2.72, 95% CI (1.10–6.77)], and poor mental health [Adjusted OR = 4.77, 95% CI (2.54–8.94)] could adversely impact the pregnancy outcome and we observed higher incidence of adverse outcomes among those suffering from these situations. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study that explored the prevalence and associated factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes and the impact of intimate partner violence, food insecurity, poor mental health on pregnancy outcome among Afghan women in Iran. Enhancing the psychosocial support and empowering Afghan women through expanding the social network and safety net should be a priority for the central government and international parties. Psychological counseling should be incorporated into routine maternity care for Afghan refugees. Access to free antenatal care is a right for all Afghan women and it should be facilitated by universal health insurance for all Afghans regardless of their legal status.

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Hakim, Abdul Ahad y Abdul Ghafoor Hatifie. "Why Turkey? Afghans heartwarming migrating destination". Technium Social Sciences Journal 9 (27 de junio de 2020): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v9i1.1031.

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In the latest year, Turkey is the destination country for illegal Afghan migrants, as Directorate general of migration management of Turkey report shows that Afghanistan has a high number of the illegal migrants in Turkey in 2019. (7) This study concentrated to determine the factors associated with the area of destination (pulling factors), social demography of immigrants, income comparison, satisfaction, and re-integration of Afghan illegal migrants in Turkey in the last five years. The data collected by a well-structured questionnaire and applied to 384 illegal Afghan immigrants in Turkey (Istanbul, & Ankara) during June, 2019. The finding shows that Security 9.14, rights (women rights 8.52, human rights 8.43) and desire of having more regular life are the main reasons that attracts migrants. Dis-satisfaction of being in Turkey and being dis-agree to re-integrate back to Afghanistan is the finding of this research.

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Etemadifar, Masoud, Niyousha Sadeghpour, Kimia Nekouie, Mohammadmostafa Jahansouz, Mehri Salari y Mahboobeh Fereidan-Esfahani. "Multiple sclerosis among Afghan immigrants in Isfahan, Iran". Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders 13 (abril de 2017): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2017.02.006.

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Ahmadi, Zahra, Leila Amini y Hamid Haghani. "“Determining a Health-promoting Lifestyle among Afghan Immigrants Women in Iran”". Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (enero de 2020): 215013272095468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720954681.

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Background Health-promoting lifestyle is an effective strategy for maintaining and controlling health, especially in immigrant women as a vulnerable group. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to determine the health promoting lifestyle and its associated factors in Afghan migrant women in Iran. Method This was a population based cross-sectional study in which 255 Afghan women of reproductive age. The study population was selected using the continuous sampling method from all Afghan women who referred to health centers of southwest of Tehran in 2018. The data were collected through the socio-demographic and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II) questionnaire. Results The total HPLP-II mean score of women was (124.05 ± 17.28). The lowest score was related to physical activity dimension (14.70 ± 3.78) and the highest score was related to spiritual growth (24.56 ± 5.06). Although some factors such as age, duration of education, income level, ability to speak Persian, education level of husband, and number of children significantly related factors to participant’s lifestyle ( P <.05), but multiple regression model showed that income level and ability to speak Persian are final statistically related factors to Afghan women health promoting lifestyle in Iran. Conclusion Familiarization of the individual with the Persian language and the promotion of employment status should be considered due to the low socio-economic level and the fact that most women participating in the study are housewives.

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Wagner, Tricia Francisco, Allison Olmsted, Kimberly Kay Lopez y Karla Fredricks. "Immigrant Mothers' Perspectives on Pediatric Primary Care: Challenges and Solutions to Improve Medical Home Use". Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 35, n.º 1 (febrero de 2024): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2024.a919820.

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Abstract: Children in immigrant families (CIF) constitute 25% of all children in the United States. Known barriers to accessing and navigating the health care system for immigrants (i.e., poverty, fear, limited English proficiency, lack of insurance) lead to decreased medical home establishment among CIF, although the ways in which these obstacles affect medical home access are less studied. With a focus on Congolese, Afghan, Syrian/Iraqi, and Central American immigrants, key informant interviews and focus groups were conducted to identify mothers' perceptions of and experiences with pediatric primary health care. Five common themes emerged: mothers' critical role in children's health, uniqueness of the U.S. health care system, logistical challenges, influence of prior clinical experiences, and importance of culturally appropriate communication. Few, but distinct, differences among the groups revealed specific obstacles for individual populations. Improving rates of medical home use among CIF requires targeted, immigrant-informed approaches that involve population outreach as well as systems-level changes.

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Orziev, Mahmud Zaynievich y Ahmadjon Asror ogli Ahmadov. "THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND THE UNOPENED AFGHAN FRONT". Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 4, n.º 3 (26 de junio de 2020): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2020/4/3/14.

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This article highlights the activities of foreign spies and Turkestan immigrants in Afghanistan during World War II by analyzing historical sources and literature. Also, the National Organization of Bukhara and Bukhara residents in the territory of Afghanistan and the issues of its activities and fate were analyzed on the basis of primary sources. In addition, the causes and factors of the defeat of the German and Japanese espionage in Afghanistan have been covered

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Mirzazadeh, Najibeh, Leila Amini, Seyed Moayed Alavian y Hamid Haghani. "Hepatitis B Prevention Education and Afghan Immigrant Students". Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care 5, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2019): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jccnc.5.4.312.1.

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Background: Unawareness and inappropriate attitude toward hepatitis B can expose healthy people, especially immigrants, to a higher risk of hepatitis B transmission. The present study aimed to determine the effect of hepatitis B prevention education by face-to-face and distance training on the knowledge and attitude of Afghan immigrant students. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 128 voluntary immigrant nonmedical Afghan students of Imam Khomeini University in Qazvin City, Iran. The study subjects were randomly assigned to 4 groups (A1, A2, B1, & B2), and the training was performed using Solomon’s four-group-design. The A groups received face-to-face education, while the B groups received distance education through email and Telegram messenger. The required data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire at three-time intervals of before, immediately after, and one month after training. The collected data were analyzed by the Chi-squared test, Independent Samples t-test, Paired Samples t-test, and repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SPSS. Results: Based on the study findings, the improvement of knowledge and attitude values was more significant in the face-to-face groups, compared to the distance education groups. However, there was a significant difference in both methods (P<0.001). Conclusion: Although knowledge improvement was higher in the face-to-face education groups, there was also an increase in the knowledge and attitude of the distance education group. Therefore, face-to-face education is preferred; however, using a combination of these educational methods could be beneficial.

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Mansourian, Hossein y Seyed Abbas Rajaei. "Quality of Life of Afghan Immigrants in Tehran city". International Migration 56, n.º 2 (14 de diciembre de 2017): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imig.12422.

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Damery, Shannon. "Homeless in the house of God? An investigation of home and homelessness among undocumented migrants living in a Brussels church". Migration Studies 7, n.º 3 (22 de marzo de 2018): 323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/migration/mny004.

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Abstract The church is often considered a haven and a sanctuary. In the case of a group of undocumented and asylum-seeking Afghans in Brussels, a church was literally a place of refuge. This article explores the home-making practices of Afghan immigrants who were given sanctuary in a Brussels church and who made the church their living space. They slept, ate, socialised, and organised political activities in the church, while also appropriating nearby public spaces to serve various functions in their lives. Home is an increasingly important concept in migration studies, and this article explores home-making through an investigation of what may be lacking in the notion of sanctuary. In this article, home is treated as a series of connections, including connections to people, cultures, places and objects. These connections serve as a way to explore whether the Afghans made the church and surrounding urban space into a home or why they remained homeless despite the proffered sanctuary.

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Mubbashar, Malik Hussain. "Development of mental health services in Pakistan". International Psychiatry 1, n.º 1 (julio de 2003): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600007633.

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Pakistan is a country comprising four provinces: Punjab, Sind, Northwest Frontier Province and Baluchistan, in addition to the federally administered tribal areas and the federal capital territory of Islamabad. It is bordered by China, Afghanistan, Iran and India. It has a population of 152 million (excluding an estimated 3–4 million Afghan and Bangladeshi immigrants) and an area of 796 095 km2.

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Uluğ, Özden Melis, Betül Kanık, Selin Tekin, Gurur Deniz Uyanık y Nevin Solak. "Attitudes towards Afghan refugees and immigrants in Turkey: A Twitter analysis". Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology 5 (2023): 100145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cresp.2023.100145.

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Hekmat, Reza. "Hemodialysis Adequacy and Its Impact on Long-Term Patient Survival in Demographically, Socially, and Culturally Homogeneous Patients". International Journal of Nephrology 2020 (19 de agosto de 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9857123.

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Background. Impact of hemodialysis adequacy on patient survival is extensively studied. The current study compares the survival of chronic hemodialyzed, undocumented, uninsured, Afghan immigrant patients with that of a group of insured Iranian patients matched for underlying disease, age, weight, level of education, marital status, income, and number of comorbid conditions. Methods. Eighty chronic hemodialysis patients (mean age 42.8 ± 10.5 years) entered this historical cohort study in Mashhad, Iran, between January 2012 and January 2015. Half of the patients were undocumented, uninsured, Afghan immigrants (Group A) matched with forty insured Iranian patients (Group B). To compare the survival rate of the two patient groups, Kaplan–Meir survival analysis test was used. Results. Group A patients were underdialyzed with a weekly Kt/V which was significantly less in comparison with that of Group B (1.63 ± 0.63 versus 2.54 ± 0.12, p value = 0.01). While Group A’s number of hemodialysis sessions per week was fewer than that of Group B (1.45 ± 0.56 versus 2.8 ± 0.41, p value = 0.04), the mean of Kt/V in each hemodialysis session was higher in them, in comparison with Group B (1.43 ± 0.25 versus 1.3 ± 0.07, p value = 0.045). In Group B and Group A patients, one-year survival was 70% versus 50%, two-year survival was 55% versus 30%, and three-year survival was 40% versus 20%, respectively (p values = 0.04, 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). In Cox regression analysis, hemodialysis adequacy and uninsurance were factors impacting patients’ survival (OR = 1.193 and 0.333, respectively). Conclusions. Undocumented, uninsured, inadequately hemodialyzed, Afghan patients had a significantly lower one-, two-, and three-year survival as opposed to their Iranian counterparts, probably due to lack of insurance.

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Yasmin, Samina, Nusrat Sultana y Sanniya Sara Batool. "The Concept of Othering in "A Thousand Splendid Suns and The Kite Runner": A Postcolonial Study". Global Language Review VI, n.º II (30 de junio de 2021): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2021(vi-ii).19.

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Othering is the issue that refers to prevent women from their basic rights. They face discrimination in homes and on work places as compared to men. The study highlights the concept of marginalization in A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007) and The Kite Runner (2003) by Khaled Husseini. The study of the texts shows the courage of women for empowerment who faced domestic and social fierceness through triple layers of colonization. A qualitative research design was adopted in the current research through the process of Eclectic Approach by applying Edward Said (1995) and Spivak (1999). This research study examines hegemony, militarization, colonization, nationalism, patriarchy and male-dominated culture,women identification, ambivalent stance, Afghani immigrants, subaltern representation of women,basic rights in society and magical realism. The findings showed that women were discriminated in their household and social activities. So the identity of Afghan women is the most significant achievement to defeat othering at all levels.

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Khan, Asghar, Irfan Khan y Noor Ullah Khan. "War, refugees and regional implications: The impact of Afghan refugees on local society of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan". Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS) 2, n.º 1 (15 de septiembre de 2021): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.11.

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The migration of Afghan refugees into Pakistan started in the wake of Saur (Red) Revolution in 1978, as a result of reforms introduced by the communist regime in Kabul, Afghanistan. However the large influx of refugees to Pakistan took place soon after the invasion of Soviet Union in 1979. Pakistan provided asylum for the approximately 4.2 million refugees. They were settled in 386 camps mostly in rural as well as in urban areas of the country. But the most populous province that has large number of Afghan refugees was Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) (that time N.W.F.P), which has long border (Durand line) with Afghanistan, and also has cultural, religious, and linguistics ties. This large number of immigrants generated grave consequences for Pakistan, especially for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. They have affected the socio-economic and political life of the province. The main objective of the study was to find out the socio-economic impact of Afghan Refugees living for more than three decades in the host society of KP. An empirical and analytical methodological approach was adopted for this study. To conclude the findings, the research reveals that that Afghan Refugees have not only affected the social set-up but also the economy of the local host society by introducing various type of social evils like begging, drugs culture, Kalashnikov culture (AK-47), Galemjum culture (prostitution) and corruption.

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Sharifi, Mahnaz, Leila Amiri-Farahani, Shima Haghani y Syedeh Batool Hasanpoor-Azghady. "Information Needs During Pregnancy and Its Associated Factors in Afghan Pregnant Migrant Women in Iran". Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (enero de 2020): 215013272090594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720905949.

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Background: Access to pregnancy-related information is an important requirement for all pregnant women, especially women at risk, such as immigrants. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to determine the information needs during pregnancy and its associated factors in the Afghan pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 280 Afghan pregnant women who received care at the prenatal clinics of selected health care centers in the southeast of Tehran in 2018. The study population was selected using the continuous sampling method. The sampling was performed through the continuous sampling method from all the Afghan pregnant women who received care at the prenatal health centers of the southeast of Tehran. Results: Among the information needs during pregnancy, the fetal (83.34 ± 20.65) and smoking (62.61 ± 28.88) domains had the highest and lowest mean scores by percentage, respectively. The information needs during pregnancy showed a statistically significant relationship with age, women’s education level, husband’s education level, duration of living in Iran, place of residence, insurance status, number of children, place of the previous delivery, and routine prenatal care. Based on the multiple regression model, only the place of birth and place of residence accounted for 19% of information needs during pregnancy. Conclusion: As the findings indicated, the prenatal care–related education should address the domains that are unknown for Afghan women. Furthermore, in this education, the demographic and reproductive characteristics of the recipients should be taken into account to improve the pregnancy outcome among this population.

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Shustov, A. "Migration Risks of the Afghan Crisis". World Economy and International Relations 66, n.º 7 (2022): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-7-106-116.

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The hasty withdrawal of US troops and their NATO allies from Afghanistan in August 2021 caused an acute, but local-scale migration crisis. During this crisis, about 200 thousand people were evacuated from the country by the air forces of the Western coalition. The difficult socio-political and economic situation inside Afghanistan after the Taliban seized power poses a threat of a much larger migration crisis. Analogies with the migration consequences of the civil war in Syria, which has been going on since 2011, make it possible to predict the appearance of 8–9.5 million Afghan refugees within a few years who will go to Iran, Pakistan and Central Asia in the event of an aggravation of the internal conflict and further deterioration of the socio-economic situation in Afghanistan. About 1 million of them may end up in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan in case of a negative scenario. The appearance of large masses of refugees in Central Asian countries that do not have developed economies will lead to an acute humanitarian crisis. The existence of a visa-free regime between Russia and most of these states will eventually allow immigrants from Afghanistan to freely visit its territory. The penetration of members of radical Islamist organizations based in Afghanistan into the CIS countries is particularly dangerous. The most negative scenario is the spread of a zone of military instability on the territory of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan bordering Afghanistan, where about 50 million people live. The destabilization of these states threatens the emergence of mass forced emigration of their indigenous Muslim population to Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Russia. The negative consequences of these processes will be an increase in the burden on the budget, the education, health and social security systems, the aggravation of terrorist threats, the criminogenic situation and interethnic conflicts. In the long term, mass migration from Central Asia will lead to the transformation of the ethno-confessional structure of Russia, which, in the conditions of depopulation of its population due to the COVID‑19 epidemic, may become irreversible.

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Im, Hyojin y Laura ET Swan. "Qualitative exploration of critical health literacy among Afghan and Congolese refugees resettled in the USA". Health Education Journal 78, n.º 1 (9 de julio de 2018): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896918785932.

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Objectives: Previous research that revealed a high prevalence of low health literacy among immigrants and refugees tended to over emphasise functional health literacy as a risk factor for low health status and poor disease management. Despite a significant knowledge gap, little has been investigated regarding critical health literacy (CHL) in refugee populations whose culture deeply interweaves individual and contextual capacity to promote health. Design: This study adopted a qualitative approach to explore CHL that is built through community health workshops (CHWs) with Afghan and Congolese refugee communities in US resettlement. Setting: As part of a community-based participatory research project, the study was conducted with Afghan and Congolese refugees resettled in the USA. Method: A series of open-ended questions for focus group interviews were embedded in each workshop session explore health literacy skills and capacity over time. This study adopted a hybrid thematic design whereby the conceptual framework of CHL was applied to emergent themes from the data. Results: Thematic analysis revealed four major CHL thematic domains, as experienced and demonstrated by Afghan and Congolese refugee participants: (1) critical appraisal, (2) self-efficacy and confidence, (3) empowerment, and (4) collective problem solving. Conclusion: Study findings underline the importance of health education validating existing cultural knowledge and practices in a group setting so as to facilitate the building and enhancement of social support systems and community action for health promotion.

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Afshani, Seyed Alireza y Hamideh Shiri-Mohammadabad. "Afghan immigrants in the world city of Yazd (Iran): Strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities". International Journal of Intercultural Relations 96 (septiembre de 2023): 101845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2023.101845.

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Jahani, Shima, Mohammad Ali Sahraian y Yasaman Mohammadi. "Prevalence of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Among Afghan Immigrants and Refugees in Tehran, Iran". Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders 80 (diciembre de 2023): 105193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2023.105193.

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Naserirad, Mohsen. "Adverse Childhood Experiences and HIV Risk Behaviors in Young Adult Afghan Immigrants to Eastern Iran". Global Social Welfare 7, n.º 1 (27 de noviembre de 2019): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40609-019-00167-y.

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Goliaei, Zahra, Zaina Chaban, Seyedeh Ala Mokhtabad Amrei, Yasamin Pashmineh Azar, Laila Afzal, Rashim Hakim, Hadeer A. Al-Ani, Patrick Marius Koga y Andrea M. Guggenbickler. "Post-Resettlement Intimate Partner Domestic Violence in Afghan and Arab Refugees: A Scoping Review". Social Sciences 12, n.º 12 (23 de noviembre de 2023): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12120651.

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Intimate Partner Domestic Violence (IPDV) has been reported to be high in minorities across the US. Among minorities, refugees and immigrants encounter particular barriers that may influence their responses to IPDV. This scoping review examined three decades of literature (1980–2022) on resettled married Afghan and Arab refugee women’s attitudes and behaviors toward IPDV in their host countries, aiming to explore gaps in the research, practice, and policy recommendations. Based on the Arksey and O’Malley model, our scoping review conducted extensive searches in SCOPUS, PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHL, the Web of Science, the Directory of Open Access Journals, and the Embase databases. Searches identified articles that examined resettled Afghan and/or Arab refugees’ responses to IPDV in Western countries. The search identified 439 unique citations; 17 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The major findings included acculturative changes in refugee attitudes and behaviors and in stakeholders’ perspectives. Significant attitudinal changes (acknowledgment, silence, justification, or IPDV disapproval) contrasted with less behavioral changes (help-seeking behaviors, or action plans), or changes in barriers to actions, and with a resistance to change in stakeholders (cultural norms and beliefs, the community patriarchal normalization of violence, service providers’ unfamiliarity with client diversity and refugee cultures) in supporting women’s decision-making regarding IPDV. Not a single article made explicit policy recommendations.

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Riahi, A., N. Hariri y F. Nooshinfard. "Study of health Information needs and barriers to access among afghan and iraqi immigrants in Iran". Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences 7, n.º 3 (1 de enero de 2016): 597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jnkums.7.3.597.

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Rasheed, Lamiaa Ahmed y Reem Adnan Hamad. "The Representation of Refugees’ Crisis through the Lenses of Edward Said’s Orientalism: A Post-Colonial Study of Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner". JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 5, n.º 1 (23 de enero de 2022): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jls.5.1.9.

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Said’s orientalism theory identifies what he calls the false picture of the Orient or the East produced by western scholars, historians, cultural and legal theorists, and colonial rulers, given the West’s primary goal of controlling everything in the East. Therefore, Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner has a historic relevance to the post-September events, which some critics see as if Hosseini, as an Afghan writer, is trying to ease the tight seclusion of Afghan immigrants in America. Hosseini is demanding to show a new vision of his country and change Western feelings towards Afghanistan from hatred to sympathy. The Kite Runner introduces itself as a novel that challenges the simplistic opposition between the West and the Middle East by building a bridge of understanding to the other culture, explaining to the West and the rest of the world that Afghanistan is more than rockets and gunshots in relation to Said’s Orientalism. Since Afghanistan is stereotyped as a war zone neglecting its citizens, history, and traditions, Khaled Hosseini comes to change these wrong perceptions, in which this research discusses this matter in detail shedding light on the historical background of Afghanistan’s refugee crisis. He paints a vivid image of refugees and the obstacles they face as they escape to a new country, in relation to the actions of the novel, and a postcolonial reading to analyze the other.

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Atri, Reza, Hamid ShafiZadeh y Nader Soleimani. "Analysis of the Lived Experience of Teachers' Violence towards Afghan Students in Primary Schools". ‪Iranian Journal of Educational Sociology 7, n.º 1 (2024): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.ijes.7.1.3.

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Purpose: Immigration always faces challenges and one of the can be investigated challenges in this field is violence towards immigrants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analysis the lived experience of teachers' violence towards Afghan students in primary schools. Methodology: The present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of qualitative. The research population was of Afghan elementary school students who had experienced of violence from teachers and principals of elementary schools, which 20 students and 10 principals were selected as samples through purposive sampling method. The research tool was a semi-structured and in-depth interview based on researcher-made questions, and the validity of the interviews was confirmed by the triangulation method and its reliability was obtained by the agreement coefficient method between two coders at 0.79. The data of the present study were analyzed by the coding method in MAXQDA-Pro software. Findings: The findings of this study indicated that the types of teachers' violence have 17 concepts in 3 components of verbal violence (6 concepts), behavioral violence (6 concepts) and physical violence (5 concepts), the effects of teachers' violence have 22 concepts in 4 components of mental (9 concept), academic (4 concepts), physical (3 concepts) and social (6 concepts) and control strategies of teachers' violence have 19 concepts in 5 components of educational (5 concepts), employment (3 concepts), planning (5 concepts), disciplinary (3 concepts) and cultural (3 concepts). Also, the pattern of types of teachers' violence, effects of teachers' violence and control strategies of teachers' violence were designed. Conclusion: According to the results, it is recommended to the education managers to use the control strategies of teachers' violence in order to reduce the types of teachers' violence and its effects.

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Badrfam, Rahim y Atefeh Zandifar. "Mental health status of Afghan immigrants in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic: An exacerbation of a long-standing concern". Asian Journal of Psychiatry 55 (enero de 2021): 102489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102489.

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40

Şimşek Ademi, Asiye y Erkan Oktay. "Investigation of Perceptions of Afghan Immigrants Living in the TRA1 Sub-Region within the Scope of International Migration about the Region". Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences 32, n.º 2 (3 de noviembre de 2023): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2023.32.1230033.

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41

Paik, Seung-Hoon y Jung-Hyun Cho. "A Study on Post-Arab Spring Migration of the Middle East and the Status of Yemeni and Afghan Asylum-seekers in Korea". Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs 22, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2023.22.1.1.

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The turmoil of the decade after the 2011 Arab Spring has changed the migration patterns of MENA that had long been a frequent phenomena of the region since early human civilization. Traditional dispersal was concentrated between MENA countries, and from MENA countries to Europe or North America. However, since 2011, as migration from the Middle East hasbeen dealt as human security and national security agendas of host countries, migration destinations for nationals from MENA countries have diversified. T the number of immigrants has increased from MENA countries to Korea after the Arab Spring. Therefore, based on international law, this study examines how to understand migration from the MENA countries after the Arab Spring and analyses the influx of Yemenis and Afghans which had a great impact on Korean society in 2018 and 2021. Through the legal analysis on the settlement of special contributors of Afghanistan and humanitarian stay permit to Yemenis, this study will examine the implications for possible policy recommendations on refugees and immigration policies of Korea.

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Sorbi, Mohammad Hossein, Shirin Yazdanpoor y Reza Bidaki. "The Necessity of Paying Attention to Assessment Tools of the Quality of Life of Afghan Immigrants Residing in Iran’s Deprived Urban Areas". International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 4, n.º 2 (20 de junio de 2016): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20286/ijtmgh-04028.

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43

Kavian, Foorough, Kaye Mehta, Eileen Willis, Lillian Mwanri, Paul Ward y Sue Booth. "Migration, Stress and the Challenges of Accessing Food: An Exploratory Study of the Experience of Recent Afghan Women Refugees in Adelaide, Australia". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 4 (21 de febrero de 2020): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041379.

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This study explored the migration and food experiences of Afghani women refugees residing in Adelaide, South Australia for 2 years or less. In-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 women between May and September 2017. The data were thematically analysed, and the Social Determinants of Health Framework was used to discuss the findings. Five key themes emerged from the data. In the transition country (Iran/Pakistan), respondents experienced (i) trauma, discrimination and exclusion and (ii) familiar food culture, but food stress. In the destination country (Adelaide, Australia) respondents experienced (iii) a sense of precariousness, (iv) unfamiliar food culture and (v) challenges in accessing halal food. Afghani refugees experienced considerable stressors both in the transition and the final destination country but for different reasons. In the transition country, stresses related to the lack of social services and support, discrimination, racism and poverty seemed to have affected their ability to afford food. In Australia stressors pertaining to socioeconomic, housing and employment precariousness, as well as difficulties in accessing halal foods were identified as challenges. Furthermore, food stress in Australia was associated with the cultural appropriateness of food, the complexity of the food system, and the women’s lack of skills and experiences in navigating the food system. With increasing refugee and immigration flows globally, it is necessary to acknowledge how food and social determinants intersect for refugee immigrants to ensure positive health outcomes.

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Mansoori, Noormohamad, Bagher Pahlavanzadeh y Masoumeh Atarjalali. "A Report on Drug Resistance Patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in Northern Iran". Archives of Iranian Medicine 25, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2022): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2022.27.

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Background: There are limited data on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) drug resistance in regions located at the proximity of the Caspian Sea. We aimed to assess the drug resistance patterns of the MTB isolates to anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients from four northern provinces of Iran between April 2013 and March 2019. Methods: Drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed by culturing MTB isolates on the Lowenstein-Jensen medium using the proportion method. Results: Out of 963 MTB isolates, 927 (96.3%) were recovered from Iranian cases and 36 (3.7%) were from Afghan immigrants. Based on DST, 59 (6.1%) showed any drug resistance pattern, while 18 patients (1.9%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR). Resistance to streptomycin (STR), isoniazid (INZ), rifampicin (RIN), and ethambutol (ETL) was reported in 33 (3.4%), 28 (2.9%), 18 (1.9%), and 12 isolates (1.2%), respectively. Conclusion: The rate of MDR/RR in four northern provinces of Iran was in line with previous reports from the World Health Organization. Due to proximity to the former Soviet Union, which had a high rate of MDR/RR isolates, the establishment of cross-border tuberculosis (TB) control strategies is recommended to reduce the possibility of MDR-TB transmission. Moreover, DST for all TB cases is recommended as an effective diagnostic tool for optimal monitoring and control of drug resistance in these areas. Future studies with a molecular epidemiology approach will be needed to evaluate the transmission dynamics of MTB in these regions.

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45

Civita, Anna. "The migration process: crisis adaptation or conscious choice?" Sociology and Social Work Review 7, n.º 2 (29 de diciembre de 2023): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.58179/sswr7205.

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Thinking of migrants brings to mind in the imagination people who leave their land, for an indefinite time, in search of conditions absent in their country of origin. It often becomes difficult to define them, as some are immigrants, some are migrants, and some are nomads or travellers. Migration brings to mind a movement of people between countries of departure and those of arrival, that is, a journey, mostly, into the unknown, the detachment of which also produces a feeling of nostalgia. The present work seeks to highlight the condition of the migrant who becomes one by choice, in some cases, and at other times is one by compulsion. Migration becomes an evolving phenomenon, prompting insiders to question themselves in order to observe, with a critical lens, the social reality of the host country, which changes rapidly in the interchange with migrants. It’s interesting to read the migration numbers provided by ISMU, UNICEF and UNHCR to understand how this phenomenon has evolved, including by virtue of the Covid-19 pandemic, the Afghan issue and, recently, the Russia-Ukraine war, in light of the economic crisis that characterizes Europe and whose repercussions have resulted in fluctuating migration inflows and outflows, with medium- to long-term consequences. In the history of migration, there are often stories of abandonment, family tragedies or other painful events from which migrants flee, hoping to find a better condition, creating a kind of “watershed” that separates the “before” from the “after” and especially from the “here” to the “there”.

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46

Savarrakhsh, Ahmad y Ezzatollah Ezzati. "The Dimensions of Threat and Insecurity along the Iran’s Eastern Borders with Emphasis on Drug Transit". Journal of Politics and Law 9, n.º 10 (30 de noviembre de 2016): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n10p119.

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Borders are lines that separate a political unit or a country from other neighboring units or countries. The main function of the borders is determined in the interactions between surrounding countries and these mutual effects result in the governments in both sides of the border show a specific behavior towards each other.Considering what has been pointed above, the security geography of Iran’s eastern borders is highly influenced by the two neighboring countries, Afghanistan and Pakistan, which have special problems each and impact the security of Iran’s eastern borders at national and regional levels.The dimensions of threat and insecurity along the Iranian eastern borders are: drugs, terrorism, the Afghan immigrants, asylum-seekers and refugees, development of insecurity into Iran and religious actions. The drugs and drug transit, due to Iran’s adjacency to the golden crescent as the producer of 80 percent of opiates in the world, being between the source (Afghanistan and Pakistan) and target (Turkey and Europe) of the path and the destructive impacts of the drugs on country, in addition to the order villages and regions and the high costs that drugs have imposed on Iran, are highly and more significantly important.Employing analytical-descriptive method and using library resources and documents, the present study aims at clarifying the way Iran’s eastern borders have been delineated, the dimensions of threat and insecurity along the aforementioned borders with emphasis on the drugs as the main case of threat and insecurity and explaining Iran’s geographical realities and capacities for drug transit from this route in the country.

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Blitz, Brad K., Rosemary Sales y Lisa Marzano. "Non-Voluntary Return? The Politics of Return to Afghanistan". Political Studies 53, n.º 1 (marzo de 2005): 182–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2005.00523.x.

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The forced removal of 35 Afghan nationals from the UK in April 2003 calls into question the viability of the government's voluntary repatriation schemes and undermines the voluntary nature of return programmes. This article draws on the results of research conducted in 2002 to explore the views of the Afghan community about return. We evaluate three motivations for promoting return programmes: justice-based arguments, where return is the ‘end of the refugee cycle’; human capital explanations, which focus on individual decisions to reverse the effects of brain-drain; and burden-relieving explanations, where return is an alternative to repatriation. Our findings suggest that domestic interest based arguments, rather than those founded on the protection of human rights, are driving the policy-making agenda. Returns are portrayed as a means of relieving the burden on welfare services, and placating an increasingly anti-immigrant public opinion. As well as individuals forcibly removed from Britain, other Afghans are being urged to return by means of financial inducements, and sometimes under the threat of repatriation. In this context, we can discern a new category of ‘non-voluntary’ returns where individual choice has little real meaning.

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Almustafa, Zaid Z., Bianca Sasama y Wiebke K. Peitsch. "Perichondritis of the ear in an Afghan immigrant". JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 16, n.º 4 (6 de diciembre de 2017): 501–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddg.13384.

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Wen, Ting. "On the Way to a Good Man Again—An Analysis of Amir in The Kite Runner from Perspective of Freud’s Personality Structure Theory". Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2019): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0905.14.

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The Kite Runner is the first novel that was written by Afghan-American writer Khaled Hosseini. This novel tells the story of an Afghan immigrant boy called Amir in the United States and his spiritual redemption of his fault made during his childhood, using the first-person perspective. This thesis attempts to analyze Amir's triple personality thoroughly: id, ego and superego from Freud’s personality structure theory, making readers have a deep understanding of how Amir lost, how to form the powerful self, and finally to complete the sublimation of his personality to be a good man. Meanwhile it aims to analyze how Amir forms his own ego.

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Moradi, M., M. K. Arababadi y G. Hassanshah. "Tuberculosis in the Afghan Immigrant in Kerman Province of Iran". Journal of Biological Sciences 8, n.º 6 (1 de agosto de 2008): 1107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2008.1107.1109.

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