Libros sobre el tema "Andean ritual"

Andean Ontologies is a fascinating interdisciplinary investigation of how ancient Andean people understood their world and the nature of being. Exploring pre-Hispanic ideas of time, space, and the human body, these essays highlight a range of beliefs across the region’s different cultures, emphasizing the relational aspects of identity in Andean worldviews. Studies included here show that Andeans physically interacted with their pasts through recurring ceremonies in their ritual calendar and that Andean bodies were believed to be changeable entities with the ability to interact with nonhuman and spiritual worlds. A survey of rock art describes Andeans’ changing relationships with places and things over time. Archaeological and ethnographic evidence reveals head hair was believed to be a conduit for the flow of spiritual power, and bioarchaeological remains offer evidence of Andean perceptions of age and wellness. Andean Ontologies breaks new ground by bringing together an array of renowned specialists including anthropologists, bioarchaeologists, historians, linguists, ethnohistorians, and art historians to evaluate ancient Amerindian ideologies through different interpretive lenses. Many are local researchers from South American countries such as Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina, and this volume makes their work available to North American readers for the first time. Their essays are highly contextualized according to the territories and time periods studied. Instead of taking an external, outside-in approach, they prioritize internal and localized views that incorporate insights from today’s indigenous societies. This cutting-edge collection demonstrates the value of a multifaceted, holistic, inside-out approach to studying the pre-Columbian world.

Presenting studies in Andean archaeology and iconography by leading specialists in the field, this volume tackles the question of how researchers can come to understand the intangible, intellectual worlds of ancient peoples. Archaeological Interpretations is a fascinating ontological journey through Andean cultures from the fourth millennium BC to the sixteenth century AD. Through evidence-based case studies, theoretical models, and methodological reflections, contributors discuss the various interpretations that can be derived from the traces of ritual activity that remain in the material record. They discuss how to accurately comprehend the social significance of artifacts beyond their practical use and how to decode the symbolism of sacred images. Addressing topics including the earliest evidence of shamanism in Ecuador, the meaning of masks among the Mochicas in Peru, the value of metal in the Recuay culture, and ceremonies of voluntary abandonment among the Incas, contributors propose original and innovative ways of interpreting the rich Andean archaeological heritage.

This chapter details major figurine developments in the ancient Andes and discusses new understandings based on figurine form, function, and imagery. Great formal diversity characterizes the long history of their use. The most active traditions occurred along the coast, while data from the highlands and eastern slopes are more limited. Certain regions, especially the north coast, show longevity in the use of figurines, especially in household, funerary, and offering contexts. Figurines were important for their role in embodying identity (e.g. gender, fertility, status) as well as alterity. Production and ritual embued them with divine powers and agency. Figurine use and imagery also show dual structures, often manifested in gendered pairs or object sets. Finally, Andean figurines were important for their interactions with other contexts and things, including other figurine-like items: they inspired their own small worlds of sociality.

South American Camelids (SAC) occupied a central role in the development of Andean societies and were an essential element of the cultural landscape. During the Inca period camelids had a major significance to people, integrating their economy, social, political, and ritual life. Camelids were a key instrument for the expansion and establishment of the Inca Empire. Llamas were used as beasts of burden for transporting goods along extensive redistribution networks that connected the highlands, valleys, and Pacific coast. From a utilitarian perspective camelids provided different products (e.g. meat, wool). This chapter illustrates the strategies used by the Incas for managing these ungulates by presenting some case studies from the Qollasuyu, the southeastern quarter of the Inca Empire.

Spanish rule in the Andes claimed legitimacy based on the missionary project to convert indigenous peoples to Christianity. This chapter details the early years of Catholic evangelization, when priests began to learn indigenous languages and to explain religious concepts in terms familiar to Inca and other Andean religious practices. In the face of indigenous heterodoxy and resistance, the missionary project took more intrusive forms, intervening in indigenous settlement and burial practices. Recent archaeological and ethnohistoric advances offer case studies for understanding religious actions to turn the people of the Inca world away from their pre-contact sacred landscapes and community rituals.

At the time of the European invasion of the Andes (1532 ce), many of the shrines (huacas) around Cuzco were organized along ritual pathways (ceques) that radiated out from the Temple of the Sun, at the heart of the city. According to the few existing descriptions of this ritual system, there were more than 328 shrines, and they were conceptually organized along forty-two paths. The shrines were represented by a wide range of natural features, such as caves, boulders, springs, and mountaintops, as well as by artificial features, such as houses, fountains, and canals. Each of the shrines required prayers and offerings. Responsibility for maintenance of the shrines along each ceque was divided among the various kin groups of the city. Frequently called “the Cuzco ceque system,” this network of shrines and lines represents the most complex ritual systems yet identified in the ancient New World.

Die erste Dokumentation zur radikalsten Zeitschrift der westdeutschen Frauenbewegung. Die Schwarze Botin war das bedeutsamste Periodikum der Neuen Frauenbewegung. Trotz der Kontroversen, die sie auslöste, steht die in West-Berlin verlegte Zeitschrift bis heute im Schatten von EMMA und Courage. Eine Vielzahl der Autorinnen ist später weit über feministische Kreise hinaus bekannt geworden. Für die Zeitschrift schrieben Rita Bischof, Silvia Bovenschen, Gisela Elsner, Elfriede Jelinek, Ursula Krechel, Julia Kristeva, Elisabeth Lenk, Eva Meyer, Heidi Pataki, Heidi von Plato, Christa Reinig, Sarah Schumann, Ginka Steinwachs, Gisela von Wysocki und viele andere. Die Redaktion um die beiden Herausgeberinnen Gabriele Goettle und Brigitte Classen verfolgte mit dem Avantgarde-Journal nur ein Ziel: Aus der Frauenbewegung kommend eine Kritik an derselben zu formulieren - unerschrocken davor, sich Feindinnen und Feinde in den anderen feministischen Fraktionen wie in der politischen Linken zu machen. Die Anthologie dokumentiert erstmals zahlreiche Originalbeiträge aus der ersten Folge der Zeitschrift zwischen 1976 und 1980. Polemisch im Stil, konfrontativ und kompromisslos im Ausdruck, übte Die Schwarze Botin eine radikale Gesellschaftskritik.

This chapter discusses how flutes are used by humans for the fertility of animals, the growing and harvesting of crops, controlling weather, and metaphorically, such as riding the winds of longing. Animal and vegetal fertility are closely related in many cultures, and flutes are often the power intermediary between them and supernatural assurance for procreation and bountiful harvests. For example, among the Usarufa in New Guinea, pigs and plants are included in the same sentence when talking about the fertility power of their secret flutes. Among the Q'eros in the southern Peruvian Andes, a vertical notched flute known as pinkuyllu is played by men with singing by women during two animal fertility rituals, Aqhata Ukyachichis for male llamas and Phallchay for female llamas and alpacas.

Die Möglichkeiten der modernen Reproduktionstechnologie bieten Chancen, können aber auch zu Problemen führen. Die AutorInnen dieses Buches werfen aus historisch-kulturtheoretischer, medizinethischer, soziologischer und psychoanalytischer Sicht einen Blick auf die Lebenssituation von Elternpaaren und Kindern, die nicht dem klassischen Familienmodell der biologisch-sozialen Einheit von Vater-Mutter-Kind entsprechen. So widmen sie sich unter anderem psychischen Konflikten von Frauen und Männern mit (zunächst) unerfülltem Kinderwunsch oder behandeln die Perspektive von Spenderkindern sowie die Familiengründung und das Familienleben von gleichgeschlechtlichen Elternpaaren. Das Buch bietet fundierte Informationen für Fachkräfte in Psychotherapie, Beratung, Sozialarbeit und -pädagogik. Mit Beiträgen von Andreas Bernard, Kerstin Bruchhäuser, Tobias Fischer, Susann Heenen-Wolff, Christa Hoffmann-Riem, Rita Marx, Anne Meier-Credner, Emilie Moget, Sven Riesel, Ann Kathrin Scheerer und Rebecca Schmidt

About 30 years ago, the metaphor of ‘the dark sides of consumer behaviour’ was introduced in consumer behaviour research. Consumers sometimes knowingly place themselves in the wrong with their behaviour (as in the case of fraudulent returning of products, for example), but regard their misdemeanours as ‘smart peccadilloes’. In addition, people succumb to harmful temptations and tend towards addictions (e.g. in the form of gambling). Finally, consumers often act more selfishly (or less sustainably) than they claim to. The contributions in this book examine this general topic, address the dark sides of consumerism and encourage both consumers and companies to rethink some of their behaviour and also develop counter-strategies to it. With contributions by Tilman Becker, Jonas Grauel, Andrea Gröppel-Klein, Rita Hagl-Kehl, Ludger Heidbrink, Stefan Hoffmann, Martin Klug, Jörn Lamla, Janina Loh, Kaspar Maase, Tobias Matzner, Julian Nida-Rümelin, Anja Spilski, Nathalie Weidenfeld, Marius Wuketich.

Os textos produzidos na denominada América Portuguesa (1500-1822) abrangem os mais variados campos das letras ocidentais – lírica, épica, dramaturgia, historiografia, epistolografia, parenética, lexicografia, etc. – e seguem um modelo retórico-poético e teológico-político comum, próprio das Letras do Ancien Régime. Manuscritos e impressos escritos em várias línguas (português, principalmente, mas também em latim, castelhano, francês, italiano, tupi-guarani, língua geral, etc.), por um número de autores considerável (Pero Vaz de Caminha, José de Anchieta, Antônio Vieira, Francisco Manuel de Melo, Gregório de Matos, Manoel Botelho de Oliveira, Sebastião da Rocha Pita, Basílio da Gama, Antônio da Costa Peixoto, Francisco Alves de Sousa, etc.), corriam com avidez entre os leitores. São justamente esses textos, esses autores e esses leitores os que conformam o sistema cultural das Letras na América Portuguesa. A historiografia brasileira, portuguesa e inclusive internacional tem se debruçado há já vários decênios no estudo dos Estados do Brasil e do Maranhão e Grão-Pará, tanto de um ponto de vista micro-histórico como macro-histórico, salientando-se nos últimos tempos a sua relação com o resto do mundo, no âmbito próprio da global history. Nos últimos decênios, ao mesmo tempo, a literatura vem perdendo, paulatinamente, o seu poder de conhecimento legitimador das elites culturais de uma nação. Esse esquecido «Parnaso Brasileiro» mantinha, no entanto, um fluido diálogo cultural com Lisboa assim como com outras cidades europeias, diálogo esse que os processos de formação das literaturas exclusivamente nacionais, brasileira e/ou portuguesa, vieram apagar ou até mesmo ignorar. No espaço hermenêutico próprio dos Atlantic Studies, recuperam-se, neste livro, as Letras escritas e lidas na América Portuguesa, estudam-se seus autores, interpretam-se textos escolhidos e indaga-se tanto sobre seus primeiros leitores, como sobre seus leitores de ontem e de hoje. Um conjunto de docentes do Brasil, de Portugal, da Alemanha e da Espanha discute textos de Vaz de Caminha, Ambrósio Fernandes Brandão, Antônio Vieira, Botelho de Oliveira, Basílio da Gama, Antônio da Costa Peixoto e Santa Rita Durão, entre outros. Die in der sogenannten »América Portuguesa« (1500-1822) entstandenen Texte gehören zu verschiedensten Diskursformen der westlichen Literatur und Kultur: Lyrik, Epik, Dramaturgie, Historiographie, Epistolographie, Homiletik, Lexikographie usw. Sie folgen einem gemeinsamen rhetorisch-poetischen und theologisch-politischen Modell, das charakteristisch für die Texte des Ancien Régime war. Manuskripte und Drucke in verschiedenen Sprachen (hauptsächlich Portugiesisch, aber auch Latein, Spanisch, Französisch, Italienisch, Tupi-Guarani, Língua Geral etc.) von einer beachtlichen Anzahl von Autoren (Pero Vaz de Caminha, José de Anchieta, Antônio Vieira, Francisco Manuel de Melo, Gregório de Matos, Manoel Botelho de Oliveira, Sebastião da Rocha Pita, Basílio da Gama, Antônio da Costa Peixoto, Francisco Alves de Sousa usw.) fanden eine umfassende Leserschaft. All diese Elemente - Texte, Autoren und Leserschaft – bilden das System der »Letras« in der »América Portuguesa«. Die brasilianische, portugiesische und sogar die internationale Geschichtsschreibung konzentriert sich seit mehreren Jahrzehnten auf das Studium der Kolonialstaaten Brasil und Maranhão e Grão-Pará sowohl aus mikro- als auch aus makrohistorischer Sicht. Gleichzeitig verliert die Literatur in den letzten Jahrzehnten allmählich die Funktion, das Wissen der kulturellen Eliten einer Nation zu legitimieren. Der aktuell wenig beachtete »Parnaso Brasileiro« unterhielt einen intensiven kulturellen Dialog mit Lissabon wie auch mit anderen europäischen Städten, einen Dialog, der der Ausbildung ausschließlich nationaler Literaturen, brasilianischer und/oder portugiesischer, wenig Stellenwert einräumte oder sie sogar ignorierte. Im hermeneutischen Raum, den die Atlantic Studies eröffnen, erschließt dieses Buch die in der »América Portuguesa« geschriebenen und gelesenen Texte, beschäftigt sich mit ihren Autoren, interpretiert ausgewählte Texte und fragt nach ihren ersten Lesern sowie nach ihren Leserinnen und Lesern gestern und heute. Eine Gruppe von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern aus Brasilien, Portugal, Deutschland und Spanien diskutiert Texte u.a. von Vaz de Caminha, Ambrósio Fernandes Brandão, Antônio Vieira, Botelho de Oliveira, Basílio da Gama, Antônio da Costa Peixoto und Santa Rita Durão. The texts produced in the so-called “América Portuguesa” (1500-1822) cover the most varied fields of Western Literature and Culture – lyric, epic, dramaturgy, historiography, epistolography, homiletics, lexicography, etc. – and follow a common rhetorical-poetic and theological-political model, typical for the Ancien Régime. Manuscripts and prints were written in various languages (Portuguese, mainly, but also Latin, Spanish, French, Italian, Tupi-Guarani, Língua Geral, etc.), by a considerable number of authors (Pero Vaz de Caminha, José de Anchieta, Antônio Vieira, Francisco Manuel de Melo, Gregório de Matos, Manoel Botelho de Oliveira, Sebastião da Rocha Pita, Basílio da Gama, Antônio da Costa Peixoto, Francisco Alves de Sousa, etc.) found a broad reception by readers. Precisely, these texts, these authors and these readers constituted the literary system in the “América Portuguesa”. Brazilian, Portuguese, and even international historiography has focused for several decades on the study of the colonial states Brasil and Maranhão e Grão-Pará, both from a micro-historical and macro-historical point of view, emphasizing recently their relationship with the rest of the world in the context of global history. Currently, literature is gradually losing its power of legitimising knowledge of the cultural elites of a nation. This forgotten “Parnaso Brasileiro” maintained, however, a fluid cultural dialogue with Lisbon as well as with other European cities, a dialogue that the formation of exclusively national literatures, Brazilian and/or Portuguese, came to neglect or even ignore. In the hermeneutic space opened up by the Atlantic Studies, this book deals with texts written and read in the “América Portuguesa”, studies its authors, interprets selected works and inquires both about its first readers and about its readers yesterday and today. A group of scholars from Brazil, Portugal, Germany and Spain discusses texts by Vaz de Caminha, Ambrósio Fernandes Brandão, Antônio Vieira, Botelho de Oliveira, Basílio da Gama, Antônio da Costa Peixoto and Santa Rita Durão, among others.