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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Anthropogenic particle"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 1 de junio de 2024

Última modificación: 31 de julio de 2025

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1

Paasonen, Pauli, Kaarle Kupiainen, Zbigniew Klimont, Antoon Visschedijk, Hugo A. C. Denier van der Gon, and Markus Amann. "Continental anthropogenic primary particle number emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 11 (2016): 6823–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6823-2016.

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Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particle number concentrations impact our climate and health in ways different from those of aerosol mass concentrations. However, the global, current and future anthropogenic particle number emissions and their size distributions are so far poorly known. In this article, we present the implementation of particle number emission factors and the related size distributions in the GAINS (Greenhouse Gas–Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies) model. This implementation allows for global estimates of particle number emissions under different future scenarios, consist

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2

Russell, Philip A. "The Analyses of Anthropogenic Atmospheric Particulates by EM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 2 (1990): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100136349.

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This presentation will summarize fourteen years of research on the physical and chemical nature of particulates suspended in the earths atmosphere utilizing scanning electron microscopy and, to a lesser extent, transmission electron microscopy. Topics to be discussed include (1) the rationale for using electron microscopy to study airborne particulates, (2) methods for collecting airborne particulates, (3) methods of analysis and (4) a summary of results. Examples will demonstrate how conclusions about the nature and source of collected particles can differ between bulk sample analyses and dis

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3

Pawlak, Filip, Krystyna Koziol, Wanda Wilczyńska-Michalik, et al. "Characteristics of Anthropogenic Pollution in the Atmospheric Air of South-Western Svalbard (Hornsund, Spring 2019)." Water 16, no. 11 (2024): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16111486.

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The character of atmospheric pollution and its impact on surface waters may vary substantially in space, and hence, we add a potentially important location for the studies of atmospheric air pollution to the map of the High Arctic. We have investigated the anthropogenic particle characteristics and selected persistent organic pollutant concentrations, in a priorly unmonitored location in the Arctic (Svalbard), exposed to a climatic gradient. Single-particle analysis of PM indicates that besides the prevailing natural aerosol particles, anthropogenic ones were present. The likely anthropogenic

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4

Bjedov, Dora, Alma Mikuška, Vlatka Gvozdić, Petar Glavaš, Dora Gradečak, and Mirta Sudarić Bogojević. "White Stork Pellets: Non-Invasive Solution to Monitor Anthropogenic Particle Pollution." Toxics 12, no. 4 (2024): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12040236.

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The present study applied a non-invasive method to analyse anthropogenic particles and prey items in white stork (Ciconia ciconia) pellets. Pellets (n = 20) were obtained from white stork nests during the 2020 breeding season from two sites in Croatia. In total, 7869 anthropogenic particles were isolated. The majority of particles were fragments, while previous studies on other birds often reported fibres. An ATR–FTIR polymer analysis detected glass and construction and building materials, as well as several compounds associated with plastic masses. Polymer investigation revealed the presence

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5

Ahlm, L., R. Krejci, E. D. Nilsson, E. M. Mårtensson, M. Vogt, and P. Artaxo. "Emission and dry deposition of accumulation mode particles in the Amazon Basin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 21 (2010): 10237–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10237-2010.

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Abstract. Size-resolved vertical aerosol number fluxes of particles in the diameter range 0.25–2.5 μm were measured with the eddy covariance method from a 53 m high tower over the Amazon rain forest, 60 km NNW of Manaus, Brazil. This study focuses on data measured during the relatively clean wet season, but a shorter measurement period from the more polluted dry season is used as a comparison. Size-resolved net particle fluxes of the five lowest size bins, representing 0.25–0.45 μm in diameter, were in general dominated by deposition in more or less all wind sectors in the wet season. This is

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6

Xausa, Filippo, Pauli Paasonen, Risto Makkonen, et al. "Advancing global aerosol simulations with size-segregated anthropogenic particle number emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 13 (2018): 10039–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10039-2018.

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Abstract. Climate models are important tools that are used for generating climate change projections, in which aerosol–climate interactions are one of the main sources of uncertainties. In order to quantify aerosol–radiation and aerosol–cloud interactions, detailed input of anthropogenic aerosol number emissions is necessary. However, the anthropogenic aerosol number emissions are usually converted from the corresponding mass emissions in pre-compiled emission inventories through a very simplistic method depending uniquely on chemical composition, particle size and density, which are defined f

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7

Spracklen, D. V., K. J. Pringle, K. S. Carslaw, G. W. Mann, P. Manktelow, and J. Heintzenberg. "First comparison of a global microphysical aerosol model with size-resolved observational aerosol statistics." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 5 (2006): 8871–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-8871-2006.

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Abstract. A statistical synthesis of marine aerosol measurements from experiments in four different oceans is used to evaluate a global aerosol microphysics model (GLOMAP). We compare the model against observed size resolved particle concentrations, probability distributions, and the temporal persistence of different size particles. We attempt to explain the observed size distributions in terms of sulfate and sea spray and quantify the possible contributions of anthropogenic sulfate and carbonaceous material to the number and mass distribution. The model predicts a bimodal size distribution th

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8

Schmidt, Susan, Johannes Schneider, Thomas Klimach, et al. "Online single particle analysis of ice particle residuals from mountain-top mixed-phase clouds using laboratory derived particle type assignment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 1 (2017): 575–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-575-2017.

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Abstract. In situ single particle analysis of ice particle residuals (IPRs) and out-of-cloud aerosol particles was conducted by means of laser ablation mass spectrometry during the intensive INUIT-JFJ/CLACE campaign at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.) in January–February 2013. During the 4-week campaign more than 70 000 out-of-cloud aerosol particles and 595 IPRs were analyzed covering a particle size diameter range from 100 nm to 3 µm. The IPRs were sampled during 273 h while the station was covered by mixed-phase clouds at ambient temperatures between −27 and −6

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9

Wu, Z. J., Y. F. Cheng, M. Hu, B. Wehner, N. Sugimoto, and A. Wiedensohler. "Dust events in Beijing, China (2004–2006): comparison of ground-based measurements with columnar integrated observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 3 (2009): 11843–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-11843-2009.

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Abstract. Three-year particle number size distributions were analyzed to characterize the size distributions and optical properties of the particles in the urban atmosphere of Beijing, China during dust events in the springs of 2004–2006 in combination with AERONET sun/sky radiometer data. The dust events were categorized as two different types (type 1 and 2). This categorization of the dust events was confirmed by the aerosol index images, columnar aerosol optical properties, and vertical potential temperature profiles. Dust particles dominated the total particle volume concentration (3–10000

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10

Ahlm, L., R. Krejci, E. D. Nilsson, E. M. Mårtensson, M. Vogt, and P. Artaxo. "Emission and deposition of accumulation and coarse mode particles in the Amazon basin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 6 (2010): 14013–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-14013-2010.

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Abstract. Size-resolved vertical aerosol number fluxes of particles in the diameter range 0.25–2.5 μm were measured with the eddy covariance method from a 53 m high tower over the Amazon rain forest, 60 km NNW of Manaus, Brazil. This study focuses on data measured during the relatively clean wet season, but a shorter measurement period from the more polluted dry season is used as a comparison. Size-resolved net particle fluxes of the five lowest size bins, representing 0.25–0.45 μm in diameter, pointed downward in more or less all wind sectors in the wet season. This is an indication that the

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11

Bateman, Adam P., Zhaoheng Gong, Tristan H. Harder, et al. "Anthropogenic influences on the physical state of submicron particulate matter over a tropical forest." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 3 (2017): 1759–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1759-2017.

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Abstract. The occurrence of nonliquid and liquid physical states of submicron atmospheric particulate matter (PM) downwind of an urban region in central Amazonia was investigated. Measurements were conducted during two intensive operating periods (IOP1 and IOP2) that took place during the wet and dry seasons of the GoAmazon2014/5 campaign. Air masses representing variable influences of background conditions, urban pollution, and regional- and continental-scale biomass burning passed over the research site. As the air masses varied, particle rebound fraction, an indicator of physical state, was

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12

Spracklen, D. V., K. J. Pringle, K. S. Carslaw, G. W. Mann, P. Manktelow, and J. Heintzenberg. "Evaluation of a global aerosol microphysics model against size-resolved particle statistics in the marine atmosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 8 (2007): 2073–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2073-2007.

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Abstract. A statistical synthesis of marine aerosol measurements from experiments in four different oceans is used to evaluate a global aerosol microphysics model (GLOMAP). We compare the model against observed size resolved particle concentrations, probability distributions, and the temporal persistence of different size particles. We attempt to explain the observed sub-micrometre size distributions in terms of sulfate and sea spray and quantify the possible contributions of anthropogenic sulfate and carbonaceous material to the number and mass distribution. The model predicts a bimodal size

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13

Spracklen, D. V., K. S. Carslaw, J. Merikanto, et al. "Explaining global surface aerosol number concentrations in terms of primary emissions and particle formation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 6 (2009): 26377–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-26377-2009.

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Abstract. We use observations of total particle number concentration at 36 worldwide sites and a global aerosol model to quantify the primary and secondary sources of particle number. We show that emissions of primary particles can reasonably reproduce the spatial pattern of observed condensation nuclei (CN) (R2=0.51) but fail to explain the observed seasonal cycle at many sites (R2=0.1). The modeled CN concentration in the free troposphere is biased low (normalised mean bias, NMB=−88%) unless a secondary source of particles is included, for example from binary homogeneous nucleation of sulfur

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14

Hamed, A., W. Birmili, J. Joutsensaari, et al. "Changes in the production rate of secondary aerosol particles in central Europe in view of decreasing SO<sub>2</sub> emissions between 1996 and 2006." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 4 (2009): 15083–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-15083-2009.

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Abstract. In anthropogenically influenced atmospheres, sulphur dioxide (SO2) is the main precursor of gaseous sulphuric acid (H2SO4), which in turn forms new aerosol particles (diameter <10 nm) through nucleation. As a result of socio-economic changes, East Germany has seen a dramatic decrease in anthropogenic SO2 emissions between 1989 and present, as documented by routine air quality measurements in many locations. Using two different data sets of experimental particle number size distributions (3–750 nm) from the research station Melpitz (1996–1997 and 2003–2006) we have attempted to eva

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15

Li, W. J., D. Z. Zhang, L. Y. Shao, S. Z. Zhou, and W. X. Wang. "Individual particle analysis of aerosols collected under haze and non-haze conditions at a high-elevation mountain site in the North China plain." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 8 (2011): 22385–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-22385-2011.

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Abstract. The North China plain is a region with megacities and huge populations. Aerosols over the highly polluted area have a significant impact on a regional and global climate. In order to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of aerosol particles in elevated layers there, observations were carried out at the summit of Mt. Tai (1534 m a.s.l) from 19 to 28 April 2010, when the air masses were advected from the east (phase-I: 19–21 April), from the south (phase-II: 22–25 April), and from the northwest (phase-III: 26–28 April). Individual aerosol particles were identified with

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16

Wu, Z. J., Y. F. Cheng, M. Hu, B. Wehner, N. Sugimoto, and A. Wiedensohler. "Dust events in Beijing, China (2004–2006): comparison of ground-based measurements with columnar integrated observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 18 (2009): 6915–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6915-2009.

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Abstract. Ambient particle number size distributions spanning three years were used to characterize the frequency and intensity of atmospheric dust events in the urban areas of Beijing, China in combination with AERONET sun/sky radiometer data. Dust events were classified into two types based on the differences in particle number and volume size distributions and local weather conditions. This categorization was confirmed by aerosol index images, columnar aerosol optical properties, and vertical potential temperature profiles. During the type-1 events, dust particles dominated the total partic

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17

Li, W. J., D. Z. Zhang, L. Y. Shao, S. Z. Zhou, and W. X. Wang. "Individual particle analysis of aerosols collected under haze and non-haze conditions at a high-elevation mountain site in the North China plain." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 22 (2011): 11733–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11733-2011.

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Abstract. The North China plain is a region with megacities and huge populations. Aerosols over the highly polluted area have a significant impact on the regional and global climate. In order to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of aerosol particles in elevated layers there, observations were carried out at the summit of Mt. Tai (1534 m a.s.l.) from 19 to 28 April, 2010, when the air masses were advected from the east (phase-I: 19–21 April), from the south (phase-II: 22–25 April), and from the northwest (phase-III: 26–28 April). Individual aerosol particles were identified

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18

Quennehen, B., A. Schwarzenboeck, A. Matsuki, et al. "Anthropogenic and forest fire pollution aerosol transported to the Arctic: observations from the POLARCAT-France spring campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 14 (2012): 6437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6437-2012.

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Abstract. During the POLARCAT-France airborne measurement campaign in spring 2008, several pollution plumes transported from mid-latitude regions were encountered. The study presented here focuses on air masses from two different geographic origins (Europe and Asia) and from 2 different source types (anthropogenic pollution and forest fires). A first case study is dedicated to a European air mass, which was repeatedly sampled and analysed during three consecutive days. Thereby, the evolution of the aerosol properties (size distributions, CO mixing ratio) is characterised and related processes

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19

Pan, Xiaole, Itsushi Uno, Yukari Hara, et al. "Polarization properties of aerosol particles over western Japan: classification, seasonal variation, and implications for air quality." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 15 (2016): 9863–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9863-2016.

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Abstract. Ground-based observation of the polarization properties of aerosol particles using a polarization optical particle counter (POPC) was made from 27 October 2013, to 31 December 2015, at a suburban site in the Kyushu area of Japan. We found that the depolarization ratio (DR, the fraction of s-polarized signal in the total backward light scattering signal) of aerosol particles showed prominent seasonal variability, with peaks in spring (0.21–0.23) and winter (0.19–0.23), and a minimum value (0.09–0.14) in summer. The aerosol compositions in both fine mode (aerodynamic diameter of partic

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20

Debevec, Cécile, Stéphane Sauvage, Valérie Gros, et al. "Driving parameters of biogenic volatile organic compounds and consequences on new particle formation observed at an eastern Mediterranean background site." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 19 (2018): 14297–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14297-2018.

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Abstract. As a part of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx) and Cyprus Aerosols and Gas Precursors (ENVI-Med CyAr) programs, this study aims primarily to provide an improved understanding of the sources and the fate of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the eastern Mediterranean. More than 60 VOCs, including biogenic species (isoprene and eight monoterpenes) and oxygenated VOCs, were measured during a 1-month intensive field campaign performed in March 2015 at the Cyprus Atmospheric Observatory (CAO), a regional background site in Cyprus. VOC measurements were conducted u

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21

Aymoz, G., J. L. Jaffrezo, V. Jacob, A. Colomb, and Ch George. "Evolution of organic and inorganic components of aerosol during a Saharan dust episode observed in the French Alps." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 4 (2004): 3875–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-3875-2004.

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Abstract. A Saharan dust event was observed in a rural area in the Maurienne Valley (French Alps) in summer 2000. Detailed data on PM10, particle numbers, and aerosol chemistry (ionic species and Elemental Carbon (EC) and Organic Carbon (OC)) are presented. The comparative evolutions of particle numbers and chemistry (calcium, sodium, and sulfate) show that the overall period included two episodes of dust particles with very distinct chemistry, followed by an episode with a large increase of the concentrations of species with an anthropogenic origin. The overall data set does not indicate larg

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22

Aymoz, G., J. L. Jaffrezo, V. Jacob, A. Colomb, and Ch George. "Evolution of organic and inorganic components of aerosol during a Saharan dust episode observed in the French Alps." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, no. 11/12 (2004): 2499–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2499-2004.

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Abstract. A Saharan dust event was observed in a rural area in the Maurienne Valley (French Alps) in summer 2000. Detailed data on PM10, particle numbers, and aerosol chemistry (ionic species and Elemental Carbon (EC) and Organic Carbon (OC)) are presented. The comparative evolutions of particle numbers and chemistry (calcium, sodium, and sulfate) show that the overall period included two episodes of dust particles with very distinct chemistry, followed by an episode with a large increase of the concentrations of species with an anthropogenic origin. The overall data set does not indicate larg

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23

Shevchenko, Vladimir P., Sergey N. Vorobyev, Ivan V. Krickov, et al. "Insoluble Particles in the Snowpack of the Ob River Basin (Western Siberia) a 2800 km Submeridional Profile." Atmosphere 11, no. 11 (2020): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111184.

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Snowpack exhibits properties that make it a unique natural archive of airborne pollution. The data on insoluble particles in the Ob River catchment (Western Siberia) snowpack are limited. Insoluble particles in the snowpack of Western Siberia were studied at 36 sites on a 2800 km submeridional profile from the city of Barnaul to Salekhard in February 2020. Snow samples were collected over the full depth of the snow core, from the surface of the snow cover to the boundary with soil, except for the lower 1–2 cm. After the filtration of melted snow through a 0.45-µm membrane, the particle composi

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24

Spracklen, D. V., K. S. Carslaw, M. Kulmala, V. M. Kerminen, G. W. Mann, and S. L. Sihto. "The contribution of boundary layer nucleation events to total particle concentrations on regional and global scales." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 12 (2006): 5631–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-5631-2006.

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Abstract. The contribution of boundary layer (BL) nucleation events to total particle concentrations on the global scale has been studied by including a new particle formation mechanism in a global aerosol microphysics model. The mechanism is based on an analysis of extensive observations of particle formation in the BL at a continental surface site. It assumes that molecular clusters form at a rate proportional to the gaseous sulfuric acid concentration to the power of 1. The formation rate of 3 nm diameter observable particles is controlled by the cluster formation rate and the existing part

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25

Lamb, Kara D. "Classification of iron oxide aerosols by a single particle soot photometer using supervised machine learning." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 7 (2019): 3885–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3885-2019.

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Abstract. Single particle soot photometers (SP2) use laser-induced incandescence to detect aerosols on a single particle basis. SP2s that have been modified to provide greater spectral contrast between their narrow and broad-band incandescent detectors have previously been used to characterize both refractory black carbon (rBC) and light-absorbing metallic aerosols, including iron oxides (FeOx). However, single particles cannot be unambiguously identified from their incandescent peak height (a function of particle mass) and color ratio (a measure of blackbody temperature) alone. Machine learni

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26

Glicker, Hayley S., Michael J. Lawler, John Ortega, et al. "Chemical composition of ultrafine aerosol particles in central Amazonia during the wet season." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 20 (2019): 13053–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13053-2019.

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Abstract. Central Amazonia serves as an ideal location to study atmospheric particle formation, since it often represents nearly natural, pre-industrial conditions but can also experience periods of anthropogenic influence due to the presence of emissions from large metropolitan areas like Manaus, Brazil. Ultrafine (sub-100 nm diameter) particles are often observed in this region, although new particle formation events seldom occur near the ground despite being readily observed in other forested regions with similar emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study focuses on identify

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27

Jackson, Paige V., Sean M. Rogers, and Leland J. Jackson. "Partitioning of removal of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles among influent, biosolids and final effluent in a tertiary wastewater treatment plant." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 27, no. 3 (2024): 18–28. https://doi.org/10.14321/aehm.027.03.18.

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Abstract Influent, final effluent, biosolids, ultrafiltration membrane module inflow and outflow samples were collected in a tertiary wastewater treatment plant to enumerate and categorize anthropogenic particles, including microplastics in the 250 µm - 5 mm size fraction. Samples were digested with 50% hydrogen peroxide, filtered, and examined via microscopy at 40-50x magnification. Most (99%) anthropogenic particles were present in biosolids compared to final effluent (&lt;1%), with fibres numerically dominating influent and final effluent, and fragments dominating biosolids and ultrafil

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28

Settimo, Gaetano, Maria Eleonora Soggiu, Marco Inglessis, Maurizio Manigrasso, and Pasquale Avino. "Submicron and Ultrafine Particles in Downtown Rome: How the Different Euro Engines Have Influenced Their Behavior for Two Decades." Atmosphere 11, no. 9 (2020): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090894.

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Today, submicron particles are recognized as the new target in environmental sciences and human health issues as well. Their level in urban air is strongly affected by anthropogenic sources, i.e., domestic heating and autovehicular traffic, but the availability of large datasets represents a limit in the knowledge both of the behavior and of the relative levels. This paper would like to highlight the role of these two anthropogenic sources in a big city such as Rome in the particle formation/removal processes in the range 18–750 nm using a Scanning Mobility Particle Analyser (SMPS). The invest

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29

Hamed, A., W. Birmili, J. Joutsensaari, et al. "Changes in the production rate of secondary aerosol particles in Central Europe in view of decreasing SO<sub>2</sub> emissions between 1996 and 2006." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 3 (2010): 1071–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1071-2010.

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Abstract. In anthropogenically influenced atmospheres, sulphur dioxide (SO2) is the main precursor of gaseous sulphuric acid (H2SO4), which in turn is a main precursor for atmospheric particle nucleation. As a result of socio-economic changes, East Germany has seen a dramatic decrease in anthropogenic SO2 emissions between 1989 and present, as documented by routine air quality measurements in many locations. We have attempted to evaluate the influence of changing SO2 concentrations on the frequency and intensity of new particle formation (NPF) using two different data sets (1996–1997; 2003–200

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30

Saukko, E., A. T. Lambe, P. Massoli, et al. "Humidity-dependent phase state of SOA particles from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 2 (2012): 4447–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-4447-2012.

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Abstract. The physical phase state (solid, semi-solid, or liquid) of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles has important implications for a number of atmospheric processes. We report the phase state of SOA particles spanning a wide range of oxygen to carbon ratios (O/C), used here as a surrogate for SOA oxidation level, produced in a flow tube reactor by photo-oxidation of various atmospherically relevant surrogate anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The phase state of laboratory-generated SOA was determined by the particle bounce behavior after inertial impaction

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31

Miler, Miloš, and Mateja Gosar. "Assessment of Metal Pollution Sources by SEM/EDS Analysis of Solid Particles in Snow: A Case Study of Žerjav, Slovenia." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 6 (2013): 1606–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613013202.

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AbstractSolid particles in snow deposits, sampled in mining and Pb-processing area of Žerjav, Slovenia, have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Identified particles were classified as geogenic–anthropogenic, anthropogenic, and secondary weathering products. Geogenic–anthropogenic particles were represented by scarce Zn- and Pb-bearing ore minerals, originating from mine waste deposit. The most important anthropogenic metal-bearing particles in snow were Pb-, Sb- and Sn-bearing oxides and sulphides. The morphology of these partic

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32

Gordon, Hamish, Kamalika Sengupta, Alexandru Rap, et al. "Reduced anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing caused by biogenic new particle formation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 43 (2016): 12053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602360113.

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The magnitude of aerosol radiative forcing caused by anthropogenic emissions depends on the baseline state of the atmosphere under pristine preindustrial conditions. Measurements show that particle formation in atmospheric conditions can occur solely from biogenic vapors. Here, we evaluate the potential effect of this source of particles on preindustrial cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations and aerosol–cloud radiative forcing over the industrial period. Model simulations show that the pure biogenic particle formation mechanism has a much larger relative effect on CCN concentrations i

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Spracklen, D. V., K. S. Carslaw, M. Kulmala, V. M. Kerminen, G. W. Mann, and S. L. Sihto. "The contribution of boundary layer nucleation events to total particle concentrations on regional and global scales." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 4 (2006): 7323–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-7323-2006.

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Abstract. The contribution of boundary layer nucleation events to total particle concentrations on the global scale has been studied by including a new particle formation mechanism in a global aerosol microphysics model. The mechanism is based on an analysis of extensive observations of particle formation in the boundary layer at a continental surface site. It assumes that molecular clusters form at a rate proportional to the gaseous sulfuric acid concentration to the power of 1. The formation rate of 3 nm diameter observable particles is controlled by the cluster formation rate and the existi

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34

Ahlm, L., J. Julin, C. Fountoukis, S. N. Pandis, and I. Riipinen. "Particle number concentrations over Europe in 2030: the role of emissions and new particle formation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 4 (2013): 8769–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-8769-2013.

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Abstract. The aerosol particle number concentration is a key parameter when estimating impacts of aerosol particles on climate and human health. We use a three-dimensional chemical transport model with detailed microphysics, PMCAMx-UF, to simulate particle number concentrations over Europe in the year 2030, by applying emission scenarios for trace gases and primary aerosols. The scenarios are based on expected changes in anthropogenic emissions of sulphur dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen oxides, and primary aerosol particles with a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) focusing on a photochemically acti

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35

Wang, M., and J. E. Penner. "Aerosol indirect forcing in a global model with particle nucleation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 4 (2008): 13943–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-13943-2008.

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Abstract. The number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formed as a result of anthropogenic emissions is a key uncertainty in the study of aerosol indirect forcing and global climate change. Here, we use a global aerosol model that includes an empirical boundary layer nucleation mechanism, the use of primary-emitted sulfate particles to represent sub-grid scale nucleation, as well as binary homogeneous nucleation to explore how nucleation affects the CCN concentration and the first aerosol indirect effect (AIE). The inclusion of the boundary layer nucleation scheme increases the

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36

Wang, M., and J. E. Penner. "Aerosol indirect forcing in a global model with particle nucleation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 1 (2009): 239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-239-2009.

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Abstract. The number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formed as a result of anthropogenic emissions is a key uncertainty in the study of aerosol indirect forcing and global climate change. Here, we use a global aerosol model that includes an empirical boundary layer nucleation mechanism, the use of primary-emitted sulfate particles to represent sub-grid scale nucleation, as well as binary homogeneous nucleation to explore how nucleation affects the CCN concentration and the first aerosol indirect effect (AIE). The inclusion of the boundary layer nucleation scheme increases the

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37

Leaitch, W. R., U. Lohmann, L. M. Russell, et al. "Cloud albedo increase from carbonaceous aerosol." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 2 (2010): 2131–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-2131-2010.

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Abstract. Atmospheric cooling from the effect of anthropogenic carbonaceous aerosol particles on the reflectivity of sunlight by water clouds remains an uncertainty for climate prediction. Airborne measurements of aerosol and cloud properties as well as light extinction were made below, in and above stratocumulus over the Northwest Atlantic Ocean on consecutive days. On the first day, the history of the below-cloud fine particle aerosol was marine and the fine particle sulphate and organic carbon mass concentrations measured at cloud base were 2.4 μg m−3 and 0.9 μg m−3, respectively. On the se

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38

Shao, Yunqi, Aristeidis Voliotis, Mao Du, et al. "Chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol particles formed from mixtures of anthropogenic and biogenic precursors." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 15 (2022): 9799–826. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9799-2022.

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Abstract. A series of experiments was designed and conducted in the Manchester Aerosol Chamber (MAC) to study the photo-oxidation of single and mixed biogenic (isoprene and α-pinene) and anthropogenic (o-cresol) precursors in the presence of NOx and ammonium sulfate seed particles. Several online techniques (HR-ToF-AMS, semi-continuous GC-MS, NOx and O3 analyser) were coupled to the MAC to monitor the gas and particle mass concentrations. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles were collected onto a quartz-fibre filter at the end of each experiment and analysed using liquid chromatography–ul

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Saukko, E., A. T. Lambe, P. Massoli, et al. "Humidity-dependent phase state of SOA particles from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 16 (2012): 7517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7517-2012.

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Abstract. The physical phase state (solid, semi-solid, or liquid) of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles has important implications for a number of atmospheric processes. We report the phase state of SOA particles spanning a wide range of oxygen to carbon ratios (O / C), used here as a surrogate for SOA oxidation level, produced in a flow tube reactor by photo-oxidation of various atmospherically relevant surrogate anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The phase state of laboratory-generated SOA was determined by the particle bounce behavior after inertial impacti

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40

Kesti, Jutta, John Backman, Ewan J. O'Connor, et al. "Aerosol particle characteristics measured in the United Arab Emirates and their response to mixing in the boundary layer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 1 (2022): 481–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-481-2022.

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Abstract. Aerosol particles play an important role in the microphysics of clouds and hence in their likelihood to precipitate. In the changing climate already-dry areas such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are predicted to become even drier. Comprehensive observations of the daily and seasonal variation in aerosol particle properties in such locations are required, reducing the uncertainty in such predictions. We analyse observations from a 1-year measurement campaign at a background location in the United Arab Emirates to investigate the properties of aerosol particles in this region, study

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41

Ahlm, L., E. D. Nilsson, R. Krejci, E. M. Mårtensson, M. Vogt, and P. Artaxo. "Aerosol number fluxes over the Amazon rain forest during the wet season." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 4 (2009): 17335–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-17335-2009.

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Abstract. Number fluxes of particles with diameter larger than 10 nm were measured with the eddy covariance method over the Amazon rain forest during the wet season as part of the LBA (The Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia) campaign 2008. The primary goal was to investigate whether sources or sinks dominate the aerosol number flux in the tropical rain forest-atmosphere system. During the measurement campaign, from 12 March to 18 May, 60% of the particle fluxes pointed downward, which is a similar fraction to what has been observed over boreal forests. The particle transfe

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42

Kontkanen, Jenni, Chenjuan Deng, Yueyun Fu, et al. "Size-resolved particle number emissions in Beijing determined from measured particle size distributions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 19 (2020): 11329–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11329-2020.

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Abstract. The climate and air quality effects of aerosol particles depend on the number and size of the particles. In urban environments, a large fraction of aerosol particles originates from anthropogenic emissions. To evaluate the effects of different pollution sources on air quality, knowledge of size distributions of particle number emissions is needed. Here we introduce a novel method for determining size-resolved particle number emissions, based on measured particle size distributions. We apply our method to data measured in Beijing, China, to determine the number size distribution of em

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43

Chen, Xueshun, Fangqun Yu, Wenyi Yang, et al. "Global–regional nested simulation of particle number concentration by combing microphysical processes with an evolving organic aerosol module." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 12 (2021): 9343–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9343-2021.

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Abstract. Aerosol microphysical processes are essential for the next generation of global and regional climate and air quality models to determine particle size distribution. The contribution of organic aerosols (OAs) to particle formation, mass, and number concentration is one of the major uncertainties in current models. A new global–regional nested aerosol model was developed to simulate detailed microphysical processes. The model combines an advanced particle microphysics (APM) module and a volatility basis set (VBS) OA module to calculate the kinetic condensation of low-volatility organic

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Yan, Chao, Yicheng Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, et al. "The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on atmospheric new particle formation in Beijing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 18 (2022): 12207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022.

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Abstract. During the COVID-19 lockdown, the dramatic reduction of anthropogenic emissions provided a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of reduced anthropogenic activity and primary emissions on atmospheric chemical processes and the consequent formation of secondary pollutants. Here, we utilize comprehensive observations to examine the response of atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) to the changes in the atmospheric chemical cocktail. We find that the main clustering process was unaffected by the drastically reduced traffic emissions, and the formation rate of 1.5 nm particles

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45

Shibata, Ken, Michio Endo, Naomichi Yamamoto, et al. "Temporal Variation of Radiocarbon Concentration in Airborne Particulate Matter in Tokyo." Radiocarbon 46, no. 1 (2004): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200039795.

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The temporal radiocarbon variation (in terms of percent Modern Carbon: pMC) of size-fractionated airborne particulate matter (APM) collected in Tokyo between April 2002 and February 2003 was analyzed in order to get an insight into the sources of carbonaceous particles. Results indicated significant biogenic origins (approximately 40 pMC on average). In general, the seasonal and particle size variations in pMC were relatively small, with 2 exceptions: elevated pMC in coarse particles in April and October 2002, and relatively low pMC in the finest particle size fraction collected in August 2002

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46

Ebert, M., A. Worringen, N. Benker, S. Mertes, E. Weingartner, and S. Weinbruch. "Chemical composition and mixing-state of ice residuals sampled within mixed phase clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 6 (2011): 2805–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2805-2011.

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Abstract. During an intensive campaign at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, in February/March 2006 ice particle residuals within mixed-phase clouds were sampled using the Ice-counterflow virtual impactor (Ice-CVI). Size, morphology, chemical composition, mineralogy and mixing state of the ice residual and the interstitial (i.e., non-activated) aerosol particles were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Ice nuclei (IN) were identified from the significant enrichment of particle groups in the ice residual (IR) samples relative to the interstitial a

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47

Ahlm, L., J. Julin, C. Fountoukis, S. N. Pandis, and I. Riipinen. "Particle number concentrations over Europe in 2030: the role of emissions and new particle formation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 20 (2013): 10271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10271-2013.

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Abstract. The aerosol particle number concentration is a key parameter when estimating impacts of aerosol particles on climate and human health. We use a three-dimensional chemical transport model with detailed microphysics, PMCAMx-UF, to simulate particle number concentrations over Europe in the year 2030, by applying emission scenarios for trace gases and primary aerosols. The scenarios are based on expected changes in anthropogenic emissions of sulfur dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen oxides, and primary aerosol particles with a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) focusing on a photochemically activ

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48

López Velásquez, Nayeli Guadalupe, Lizeth Lara Solís, Lyli Martínez Herrera, and María del Carmen Alejo Plata. "¿Qué hay en el menú? Basura antropogénica en el contenido estomacal del calamar Lolliguncula diomedeae capturado por pesca artesanal en Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca, México." Ciencia y Mar 27, no. 80 (2023): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.59673/cym.v27i80.3.

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Squid are a group scarcely studied in terms of their susceptibility to the ingestion of anthropogenic fibers. Here we provide evidence for anthropogenic garbage ingestion in the dart squid L. diomedeae. The squid were collected by artisanal fishermen in Puerto Ángel Oaxaca, Mexico. Stomachs and digestive tracts of 103 squids were examined, 51.9% of the samples con-tained at least one contaminating particle. A total of 445 particles were identified, the majority were fibers (94.4%) with a length of 0.2 to 5 mm; translucent (47%) and blue (22%) fibers were the most common. The level of risk pose

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49

Ebert, M., A. Worringen, N. Benker, S. Mertes, E. Weingartner, and S. Weinbruch. "Chemical composition and mixing-state of ice residuals sampled within mixed phase clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 10 (2010): 23865–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-23865-2010.

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Abstract. During an intensive campaign at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, in February/March 2006 ice particle residuals within mixed-phase clouds were sampled using the Ice-counterflow virtual impactor (Ice-CVI). Size, morphology, chemical composition, mineralogy and mixing state of the ice residual and the interstitial (i.e., non-activated) aerosol particles were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Ice nuclei (IN) were identified from the significant enrichment of particle groups in the ice residual (IR) samples relative to the interstitial a

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50

Voliotis, Aristeidis, Yu Wang, Yunqi Shao, et al. "Exploring the composition and volatility of secondary organic aerosols in mixed anthropogenic and biogenic precursor systems." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 18 (2021): 14251–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14251-2021.

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Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from mixtures of volatile precursors may be influenced by the molecular interactions of the components of the mixture. Here, we report measurements of the volatility distribution of SOA formed from the photo-oxidation of o-cresol, α-pinene, and their mixtures, representative anthropogenic and biogenic precursors, in an atmospheric simulation chamber. The combination of two independent thermal techniques (thermal denuder, TD, and the Filter Inlet for Gases and Aerosols coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectr

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