Tesis sobre el tema "Anthropologie psychanalytique"
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Torkghashghaei, Moghadam Esmat. "La notion de secte : une approche anthropologie psychanalytique". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070010.
Texto completoThe need for religion in our age, emerges in large segments of populations without solid distinction. Fear of the future and deterioration of economic conditions render individual adaptation to society and modernity more difficult. Anxiety, insecurity and the fear of losing one's values due to quick and profound changes in the contemporary society, push certain individuals towards sectarian groups and provide for an efficient fïeld of action for these groups. Modem society is faced with a variety of sects that do not have the same modes of functioning. They are dispersed around different ideological fields and propose elitist forms of thought based more on worrisome practices than on religion. They often impose their own norms of thought by means and techniques that are often a mixture of affection and disillusion. The destructive danger of these groups, for individuals, institutions, and for culture, is great and should not be underestimated. Since a few years ago, we are witness to a spectacular spreading of a variety of spiritual offers and to the multiplication of groups, offering new forms of religiousness. These sects manage to hide behind the protection of the 1901 law, introduced for non-benefit associations (in France), emphasizing their lack of financial interest The strength of sectarian groups comes from the fact that they replace the family for their members: the guru is a father figure, while the group takes the place of the mother. The member is the child that receives the image of an ideal family from the sect. In this way new recruits live their belonging on the same mode as a newborn, feeling secure through group membership. This adherence that takes place through transference is coherent with the discourse of the guru, and depicts a pathological manifestation of religiousness. Among these sectarian trends, two sects, Jehovah's Witnesses and the Mujahedins of People, are two examples that, over and above a discourse of religious inspiration, rely on an organization that ensures the opacity of their activities and group links. These two apocalyptic sects foretell, not only the return of prophesy, but also that of its glory for the end of the world. The psychoanalytic anthropology approach allows us to understand psychic functioning based on the totalitarian thinking that constitutes the sect, as well as the relation between the guru and the follower, and the consequences of the rupture between the sect and the social System. It will allow us to shed light on what links sectarian mechanisms, the functioning that comprises the hatred that guarantees the existence and continuity of the sect. Sectarian seduction is the prelude to the process of indoctrination. Recruiting is efficient when the seducer stages the sectarian illusion. By these mechanisms and methods, the sect changes the behavior of the individual with respect to the outside word, base on his/her needs. In turn, it will reconstruct a follower, submissive to the sect. Hatred has an important place in the doctrines of sects. Followers resort to delirium within the sect in order to continue to manage their business in an informed way. Violent acts are the direct consequence of this hatred
Dal-Palu, Myriam. "La sensibilité du sujet : une nouvelle anthropologie psychanalytique". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30056/document.
Texto completoSensibility often relates to that part of man that is disreputable, subversive, refraining man’s total self-control in a civilisation obsessed with control, profitability and technoscience. The topic of sensitivity often limits itself to the fragmented approach of the culture of senses. That is the reason why we have focused our attention upon the epistemological angle in order to further understand what is at stake for the clinic and draw a valuable reflection out of it for education, whose result reveals the constant interaction between thought, practice, analysis and research. To achieve this, our methodology of research is centred upon a highly psychoanalytic approach, based on Lacan’s Borromean knot. Thus, we postulate that Man is fragile through his paradoxical dimension: he finds himself a sexual and mortal being making the most of himself through his incarnate dimension and is faced with a finiteness that binds him to the “notall”. Furthermore, he has such a rich potential drawn upon the ternary or three-dimensional dimension–i.e. soma (the body), psyche (the soul), pneuma (the spirit)–that he has become aware of his somatic, psychic as well as pneumatic potentialities. We want to highlight the fact that Sensibility has been regularly thought in terms of “duality” rather than a logic of ternarity. We propose that the Subject’s Sensibility be based upon a ternary, Borromean and paradoxical conceptualisation with a view to bring some stability and consistence to this very concept through a psychoanalytical clinic for the education of a living Subject to be-come
Mohia-Navet, Nadia. "La Thérapeutique traditionnelle dans la société kabyle pour une anthropologie psychanalytique". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375949773.
Texto completoARLES, CLAUDE. "Le gout, le culinaire et le rapport a l'objet alimentaire : etude phenomenologique, anthropologique et psychanalytique". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M062.
Texto completoMavinga, Lake Lukau. "De l'enfant sorcier à l'enfant martyr : anthropologie psychanalytique des figures du n'doki et du nganga dans la société bakongo". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070098.
Texto completoThrough our research and clinical work we observed two phenomena concerning of pain treatment, among the Central African bakongo populations. The first one is the symptom insistance (and its "truth"), that causes the bakongos no longer to believe in the traditional power of the nganga (healer magician) but to prefer now to turn to prayer, the priest or the pastor, in a kind of "call to the father" made as part of the movement Christianization of this society. The second observable phenomenon is the child being cast in the role of ndoki (evil power wizard). What should be notced in these African societies is an invented guilt structure where it is the child who bears the family guilt. This African child "cause" of the family misfortune thus becomes the origin of its redemption. In these studies, our work consisted of an attempt to show how the ndoki child (evil power wizard) is transformed into the child martyr, in these African societies
Petit, Valérianne. "Contribution à une anthropologie psychanalytique du suicide : concomitance entre le passage à l'acte suicidaire et le souhait d'enfant chez la femme psychotique". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070037.
Texto completoFirstly, we intend to draw the main scientifics considerations about suicide to extract the agencement and influence of our conceptual prejudices. The introduction of psychiatric, sociological and philosophical inputs in suicide's theories, drive us to recognize suicide in some institutions (ex: catholic church). According to the conclusions of this analysis, we propose to study suicide relatively to an anthropological psychoanalytic point of view. So, we extract Freud and Lacan's words about suicide and specifically how suicide is contingent on transference. At the same time, we present some studies of paradigmatic cases of psychotics women whose wishes of having a child were followed from suicide attempts. Then we support our development with the book 10 of Lacan's conferences to demonstrate that wishing a child is bounded to the repetition of the subject entrance in the Other's desire. This argument drives us to think how suicide varies according to the kind of joy in the signifier. So, we consider that suicidal passage has a model in the psychotic's petrifaction. Our idea seems pertinent both in suicidal and feminine's therapies. This idea is also suitable to the study of the ethic in institutions as the psychoanalytic institution. So we answer to our first question about the bounding of suicide and culture by considering that suicide is related to ignorance (Lacan, 1954). At last, we state the hypothesis of a social clinic considering that if suicide is related to ignorance and to "je ne pense pas" (lacan), it induce a "speech wall" (medias. . . . ), acts instead of words (passage) or, at least, a metaphor (psychoanalytic's pass)
Iriarte, Susana. "Anthropologie et psychanalyse "vie primitive" et "vie psychique inconsciente" : la question de l'archaïque et du féminin : éléments pour une psychothérapique psychanalytique des "états-limites"". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070042.
Texto completoThrough ethnological analyses and experiments as well as psychoanalytic clinics, this work establishes that Freud's statement about the" concordance" between the psychic process of so-called " primitive" societies and of "neurotics" is totally justified. Starting from the deconstruction of « Totemism », which was considered for a long time as prototypical of the so-called « primitive » peoples, in this analysis of the whole of the mythico- rituals phenomena which a constitute it, we want to put the stress on the turning point where they are articulated so as to form what we call « a totemical-initiatical complex » viewed as an actual « total social fact » which presents the same « primordial » characteristics, or « fundamental « ones which get along through the process of « primary » or « originary » symbolizations of the individual psyche. It is put forward that in these processes of the constitution of a society as in that of the individual psychic System, the « feminine» question is central. We call » archaic » the whole of these social phenomena and individual psychic processes, so as to mean they escape a linear temporality in the sense of a developmental vision. We meet a postfreudian psychoanalytical conception which suggests a pendular movment of psychic "positions", animating the psychic life. In such positions the question of the difference of the sexes and the sexual union are privileged unconscious forms of the representation of the" primordial" elements of the symbolization process, at the point where the question of generation are at the foreground, and support all the processes of either " collective" or " individual" life
Aklé, Mariette. "Le crime d’honneur au Liban". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4738&f=29781.
Texto completoThis thesis is a research study on “Honour Crime in Lebanon”. Honour crime is a social phenomenon that emerges from the practices of blood revenge. It is an international phenomenon that retains specificities relating to the culture in which it is practiced and admitted. The literature mentions several conceptions of honour. We explore here sexual honour and the crime committed in its name against a victim who is a woman. The purpose of our research is thus the crime of honour committed by a man on a female relative, presumed to have disgraced her family by her misconduct. This, in the contemporary Lebanese context.We begin by establishing the cultural, legal and anthropological context of the notion of honour in Lebanon. A review of the statistics on the incidences of honour crimes in the same context supports the literature.In a second part, we explore a possible psychoanalytic reading of the concept of honour, in the light of Jacques Lacan's teaching and we try to formulate a metapsychology of the concept. A third and final part allows us to refocus research so far revolving around psychoanalytic anthropology, on the clinical field, through the words of seven subjects incarcerated for the reasons of honour that they claim. The work concludes on the emptiness of the notion of honour at the crossroads of the legal, social and subjective fields that help dialectize it
Bauer-Motti, Fanny. "Les rêves et leur interprétation : systèmes interprétatifs culturels et interprétation psychanalytique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG006/document.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the interpretive process associated with the dream and its cultural roots. If the interpretation of dreams is one of the major access routes to the unconscious, it is also a specific characteristic to some cultures. If the unconscious psychic processes are universal because they are specific to a person, specific to the human dimension, the cultural anchoring of the “dreamer” is circumstantial. The exploration has been done in Mauritius from interviews in the different religious communities of the island. This research addresses the "cultural inscription of dreams” in different theories and the field search; "the dream and its interpretations" in psychoanalytic and ethnological perspective to establish a framework for the concept of "pre- interpretive"; the methodological issues regarding this research and the treatment and analysis of 9 interviews. The process of the dream, from its development to its interpretation, is formed from a pre-interpretive which is in the dream when for the dreamer there is a possible dream interpretation system, whether it is psychoanalytic or cultural. This cultural prior and necessarily shared is a part of the dream elements, as well as the diurnal items, souvenirs etc. mentioned by Freud. This thesis opens to the consideration of a cultural basis within the work of a clinical psychologist in another culture
Etienne, Arreguy Marilia. "Les crimes dans le triangle amoureux : une discussion psychanalytique mise en contexte historique à propos du concept d'émotion violente au droit pénal brésilien". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070028.
Texto completoThe following thesis has as its aim the advancement of an analysis of the Brazilian penal norms as they pertain to violent emotion, grounded on the study of the passionate criminal act. Its basis for study is a discussion concerning the psychic temporality of the act that sustains the distinctions within the juridical institution of violent emotion presented in articles 28; 65, III, c; 121 § 1° et 129 § 4° of the Brazilian Penal Code. From a genealogical construct the historical antecedents of such laws were targeted and then interpreted in light of psychoanalytic concepts and contributions from social anthropologv regarding the imaginary customs that nourish the profusion and judgment of crimes within the sphere of love. The work method hinged on a theoretical study in the deductive-constructive manner based on sources ranging from different theoretical/practical fields and on open interviews with Jurists and specialists on criminology, The concept of "Violent emotion" is not immune fo theoretical simplifications, given the emphasis placed on this dirnensîons of conscious culpability" within the penal law system, the predominance of interpretations linked to the psychic-physiological aspects of the drive, as well as the incipient weight placed on the unconsious, culturally determinant conditions of the criminal act among couples. In this manner, the text in tht referred articles may unduly serve for the lessening of sentences for crimes involving couples, just as tht due atttenuation of sentences may be overlooked when the defendant suffers from prolonged social and psychic deprivations comprised of a discontent often times dissociated from the time of the act
Schmitt, Eve-Emmanuelle. "Les guérisseurs traditionnels corses : approche psychanalytique du "don de guérison" et du rituel thérapeutique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG037.
Texto completoSacred rituals are at the center of traditional therapeutic practices. The island of Corsica is home to different types of traditherapists, notably the signadori. They show a particular connection between a transitioning social discourse, their own psychic conflicts and the demand. This clinical research, with an ethnopsychoanalytic perspective, is based on interviews conducted in the field with healers. Data collected were analysed in accordance with the standardised IPA (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis) method. A psychopathological episode, also considered as an « initiatory crisis » in hindsight, would lead to the « gift ». It represents a system of symbolic exchange, underpinned by the original debt, which dialectises ambivalence and otherness. The hold drive is at the center of this system. The prohibitions that secure this drive constitute an intrapsychic sacred space. Their transgression or ritualized reminder could well appear prototypical witchcraft actions and those to conjure them
Govindama, Yolande. "Le monde hindou à La Réunion : une approche anthropologique et psychanalytique /". Paris : Karthala, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40119724z.
Texto completoLe, Moal-Sommaire Annick. "L'Imaginaire du clown : approche historique, anthropologique et psychanalytique d'un médiateur thérapeutique venu d'ailleurs". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070058.
Texto completoSince 1994, in the section for adults of the day-hospital of Dreux, Môssieu Gaga, a therapist-clown, wanders around on Fridays among the different work-groups, takes part in the "nursing-nursed" meeting and has a meal with all of them. After having fun on the bench during the coffee-break, he plays "Family-games" inspired by psychodrama unless he tells or let him tell face to face stories. With his accessories and pieces of string, he builds an imaginary world where "game is present". In this transitional space where weapons such as laugh, humour, derision and subversion are used, language and its poetic function get a high rank. This research aims at clarifying the pertinence of the clown delocation, from the circus to the psychiatric hospital. Therefore, it seems inevitable to study the beginning of this character, at first as a "small part", and to define his playground, the ring. Behind the obvious uselessness of this red nose, as the smallest mask of the world, the seriousness of this relies of the past comes out, a symbolic tool for controlling anguish, connected with the fear of strange, a link between Animal and Human. This baroque mediator who ensures the victory of illusion and impulse, works as a dramatic turn to events in this moment of fertile breaking off when a new form of organization can take place. His out of space therapeutic role takes all his efficiency with the borderline patients
Tocaciu, Roxana Luisa. "Un ailleurs intouchable : impasses institutionnelles et solutions subjectives dans l'accueil d'une population migrante d'origine rom". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3071.
Texto completoThis doctoral thesis emphacises the universal relation between subjet and culture from the standpoint of the psychoanalytic postulate of the unconscious as determining the fundamental lack of the subject, all of this beyond particular cultural declensions which “metaphorise” – through the signifiers of each culture – the fundamental prohibition which structures this relation as well as the cultural commandments thereby expressed.For this purpose, we base ourselves on the subjective experience of exile in real life as suspending the fundamental illusions of belonging, more specifically within the context of our clinical encounter with a member of the Roma migrant community within the Ile-de-France region. When using the term “Roma”, we refer to cultural and social backgrounds which, from the point of view of psychoanalysis, function according to symbolic coordinates. Such coordinates, before becoming culturally specific, are universal through what Freud designates as Kultur: the subject, who is subjected to the fundamental prohibition, finds a meaningful place within the order of generations and within gender differences. It is from this place that the subject, who must make do with his lack – lack which declines and circulates within the signifiers of his culture –, weaves his desire.If any particularity is to be taken into account, it must be located within the social conditions determining the migratory movement: the compositional safeguarding of the community's social structures even in foreing land permits the subject's initial symbolic configuration within his place of belonging to be conserved. Hence, if the symbolic mooring of the migrant Roma is not lost, even though he is constantly confronted with an imaginary overrun with figures of foreignness, it is because he has sealed its inscription within an elsewhere which is unalienable and intangible (said Athiganos in ancient Greek) as an immediate consequence of the unfamiliarity and the disallowance of a place among the others.Following this view we may understand, in such a particular migratory context, how exile does not commence with displacement, but rather through separation from a community of belonging, through confrontation with the lack of meaning within oneself – lack of meaning emerging within the encounter with the foreigner, radically questionning the subject's original symbolic place.Facing the exiled subject's nostalgic evocation of his loss, the clinician's task is to respectfully acknowledge these contents – as lost objects, which are presented by the patient as being of cultural order – , and go beyond, to focus upon the psychic process of loss itself, as well as the weakening of identity as a trial endured by the subject, as the latter becomes orphaned from the illusions founding the membership and symbolic place which suppored hitherto his desire. The questions arising from such a context will be those which lead to the patient's subjectivity, bringing out the fault lines of his symbolic composition: doubts of his origins, of the family order, of linkages with parents, of the rights and privileges of his siblings, of his own sexual choices, etc.Throughout our clinical follow-up, we observed a subjective usage of the place given to the foreigner, as a symbolic territory of alienation indispensable to the subjet facing the threatening desire of the feminin Other, from which the subject flees through a movement of auto-exile. If met and acknowledged through speech, he could metaphorise himself in a prolific exile. Following the operation of such subjective uprooting was the possibility that a symbolic space other than that of the origins be invested, metaphorised through social accomodation, to become a space capable of accomodating the initial subjective exile
BUFFARD, DEJOUR FRANCOISE. "La symbolique de l'argent : histoire anthropologique, psychanalytique et institutionnelle ; a propos du centre medico-psycho-pedagogique de rockefeller (lyon)". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M125.
Texto completoUriburu, Maria Eugenia. "Métamorphoses du langage à l'adolescence : approche psychanalytique, linguistique et anthropologique pour une contribution à la compréhension des pratiques langagières propres à certain.e.s adolescents.e.s". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070114.
Texto completoThe aim of this research is to study some theoretical elements in linguistics, anthropology and psychoanalytic psychopathology regarding adolescent's language use. We propose some research directions for a psychoanalytic understanding of the way some adolescents use language, based on observations of adolescents and young adults in clinical contexts (Paris, and Saint-Denis). Even if language during adolescence is hard to define epistemologically, we have been able to observe specific manifestations at different stages. This language is not generalized during adolescence: it changes from a subject to another, depending on social context, cultural origins and the language representations involved for each one of them. "Metamorphoses" are signals of a personal conflict emerging during adolescence period. They are the revealing marks of a pain provoked by the encounter between the subject and the psychic adolescence period. The "metamorphoses" of adolescent's languages are articulated (verbal) marks but also non-verbal ones (intonation, position, gestures). They are the ludic signs of appropriation, sometimes close to the acting out and also to pragmatic utterances. Metamorphoses are, in principle, doomed to disappear through time and they don't need any particular psychotherapeutic aid
Ledoux, Isabelle. "Les causes de l’impuissance animique : la question du mal chez Freud et Spinoza". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0969.
Texto completoSpinoza, at the top of the scientific thought of his time, and Freud, intending to found a new science of nature without specifically referring to human sciences, adhere to an epistemological model coming from the classical determinist science. Extending its application to the human mind, they both have, each in their own way, drastically changed the conception of the psychophysical unity of the individual and proposed new models of understanding his relationships with the others and the world.And yet, starting with the question of the body to progressively reach the question of evil so problematic for the thought of freedom makes it possible to reveal what separates and brings them closer. Setting sources of destructivity inside the psyche and giving a dialectical representation of its different constituent motions, Freud adopts a non-Spinozist perspective. But his conception of memory, representation, language, dream and delirium, gets closer to that of Spinoza and allows to throw light on potentialities as much as on the explicit points of his system. Conversely, Spinoza, marking the evolution of his thought by doctrinal choices and using pedagogical and ethical strategies in his texts, gives an acting illustration of what favours and hampers the power of the mind. Nevertheless without giving a positive essence to evil, he recognizes the historical efficiency of its main figures: finiteness, deprivation and crime whose understanding can found a prophylactic vigilance