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1

Kaulfuss, Uwe, and Gennady M. Dlussky. "Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, ?Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance." Journal of Paleontology 89, no. 6 (2015): 1043–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2015.62.

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AbstractThe fossil record of Australasian Formicidae is extremely sparse. It currently comprises two ants in the subfamilies Ponerinae and Dolichoderinae from Plio/Pleistocene strata in Victoria, Australia, 14 as-yet undescribed ants from Cape York amber, and one ant in the subfamily Amblyoponinae from the early Miocene Foulden Maar in southern New Zealand. Here, we report on a diverse myrmecofauna preserved as compression fossils from Foulden Maar and describe Amblyoponinae gen. et sp. indet.,Rhytidoponera waipiatan. sp.,Rhytidoponera gibsonin. sp.,Myrmecorhynchus novaeseelandiaen. sp., andAu
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2

LaPolla, John S., Gennady M. Dlussky, and Vincent Perrichot. "Ants and the Fossil Record." Annual Review of Entomology 58, no. 1 (2013): 609–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100600.

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3

LaPolla, John S., Genady M. Dlussky, and Vincent Perrichot. "Ants and the fossil record." Annual Review of Entomology 58 (December 31, 2013): 609–30. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100600.

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4

POINAR Jr, G. "First fossil record of nematode parasitism of ants; a 40 million year tale." Parasitology 125, no. 5 (2002): 457–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182002002287.

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A mermithid nematode emerging from a male ant, Prenolepis henschei Mayr, in Baltic amber is the first fossil record demonstrating nematode parasitism of ants. This parasite, described as Heydenius formicinus sp. n., is compared to extant mermithid parasites of ants, especially Allomermis myrmecophila Baylis 1921. The present fossil, together with earlier reports of braconid and mite parasitism of ants in Baltic amber, indicates that several diverse groups had already evolved parasitic associations with ants by the Eocene.
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5

Perkins, Sid. "Fossil Find Extends Ants' Ancient Lineage." Science News 158, no. 22 (2000): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4018611.

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6

WARD, PHILIP S. "Phylogeny, classification, and species-level taxonomy of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)*." Zootaxa 1668, no. 1 (2007): 549–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.26.

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The current state of ant systematics is reviewed. In recent years substantial progress has been made in identifying the major clades of ants and the relationships among them. Earlier inferences about ant phylogeny based on morphology have been refined and modified as a result of a recent influx of molecular (DNA sequence) data and new fossil discoveries. It is now apparent that much of the biological and taxonomic diversity of ants is contained within the “formicoid clade” which comprises 14 of the 20 extant subfamilies and about 90% of all species. Whether the remaining groups of extant ants
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7

Wilson, Edward O. "Ants of the Dominican Amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). 2. The First Fossil Army Ants." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 92, no. 1 (1985): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1985/63693.

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8

Wilson, E. O. "Ants of the Dominican amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). 2. The first fossil army ants." Psyche 92 (December 31, 1985): 11–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.25313.

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9

Grimaldi, David, and Donat Agosti. "The oldet ants are Cretaceous, not Eocene: Comment." Canadian Entomologist 132 (December 31, 2000): 691–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10316.

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10

Barden, Phillip. "Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages." Myrmecological News 24 (November 24, 2016): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.25849/myrmecol.news_024:001.

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11

Perrichot, Vincent, André Nel, Didier Néraudeau, Sébastien Lacau, and Thierry Guyot. "New fossil ants in French Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Naturwissenschaften 95, no. 2 (2007): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-007-0302-7.

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12

ARIA, CÉDRIC, VINCENT PERRICHOT, and ANDRÉ NEL. "Fossil Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Early Eocene amber of France." Zootaxa 2870, no. 1 (2011): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2870.1.3.

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The French Early Eocene (Ypresian, 52–55 million-year-old) amber of Oise contains a rich and well-diversified myrmecofauna, which has remained unstudied until now. A recent survey of these fossil ants revealed 40 different species, among which nine belong to the subfamily Ponerinae. We describe here the two best-preserved morphotypes: a possible ergatoid queen representing the earliest known occurrence of the extant genus Platythyrea Roger, and described as a new species P. dlusskyi sp. n.; and a male morphotype related to the equivocal, paraphyletic genus Pachycondyla Smith, thus described he
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13

WILD, ALEXANDER L., and FABIANA CUEZZO. "Rediscovery of a fossil dolichoderine ant lineage (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) and a description of a new genus from South America." Zootaxa 1142, no. 1 (2006): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1142.1.5.

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We describe a new genus, Gracilidris Wild & Cuezzo gen. nov., and a new species, G. pombero Wild and Cuezzo sp. nov., of dolichoderine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) from Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina based on the worker caste. These ants are morphologically similar to the extinct Gracilidris humilioides (Wilson 1985) comb. nov., known from a single Dominican amber fossil, that we redescribe and transfer to Gracilidris from Linepithema Mayr.
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14

Dlussky, Gennady M., Torsten Wappler, and Sonja Wedmann. "Fossil ants of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Eocene of Europe and remarks on the evolution of arboreal ant communities." Zootaxa 2031 (December 31, 2009): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.186261.

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Dlussky, Gennady M., Wappler, Torsten, Wedmann, Sonja (2009): Fossil ants of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Eocene of Europe and remarks on the evolution of arboreal ant communities. Zootaxa 2031: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186261
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15

Poinar, George, Jean-Paul Lachaud, Alfredo Castillo, and Francisco Infante. "Recent and fossil nematode parasites (Nematoda: Mermithidae) of Neotropical ants." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 91, no. 1 (2006): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2005.10.003.

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16

Dlussky, G. M. "New fossil ants of the subfamily Myrmeciinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Germany." Paleontological Journal 46, no. 3 (2012): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031030111050054.

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17

Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Dmitry A. Dubovikoff, Andranik R. Manukyan, and Dmitry M. Zharkov. "Braconid parasitoids of ants (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae, Neoneurini) from Baltic amber with a discussion of records of fossil larvae parasitizing ant workers." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84 (August 24, 2021): 29–43. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.67749.

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A new record of the fossil genus Elasmosomites Brues, 1933 from Baltic amber with an illustrated description of a new species, E. arkadyleleji sp. nov. and the first description of a male of E. primordialis Brues, 1933 are provided. A key to currently known Neoneurini genera is compiled. A new record of fossil braconid larva emerging from an ant worker of Lasius schiefferdeckeri Mayr, 1868 is discussed and a correction to previous determination of ant hosts from amber is included.
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18

Radchenko, Alexander, and Mykola Khomych. "First records of aneuretine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Aneuretinae) in late Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine)." Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 65, no. 2 (2022): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/travaux.65.e85206.

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Aneuretinae is an enigmatic ant subfamily with poorly defined morphological boundaries. Aneuretus simoni Emery, 1893, found only in Sri Lanka, is a “living fossil”, the only known extant species of Aneuretinae. In the distant past, however, Aneuretinae was more diverse and widespread, including eight extinct genera spread across North America, Europe, and the Russian Far East. Here, we report two fossil Aneuretinae species, Protaneuretus succineus Wheeler, 1915 and Paraneuretus tornquisti Wheeler, 1915, found in late Eocene (Priabonian, 37.8–33.9 Ma) Rovno amber (
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19

Radchenko, Alexander, and Mykola Khomych. "First records of aneuretine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Aneuretinae) in late Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine)." Travaux du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" 65, no. (2) (2022): 69–80. https://doi.org/10.3897/travaux.65.e85206.

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Aneuretinae is an enigmatic ant subfamily with poorly defined morphological boundaries. <i>Aneuretus </i><i>simoni </i>Emery, 1893, found only in Sri Lanka, is a &ldquo;living fossil&rdquo;, the only known extant species of Aneuretinae. In the distant past, however, Aneuretinae was more diverse and widespread, including eight extinct genera spread across North America, Europe, and the Russian Far East. Here, we report two fossil Aneuretinae species, <i>Protaneuretus succineus </i>Wheeler, 1915 and <i>Paraneuretus tornquisti </i>Wheeler, 1915, found in late Eocene (Priabonian, 37.8&ndash;33.9 M
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20

Brady, Seán. "Effects of Fossil Calibration Uncertainty on Divergence Dating in Ants and Bees." American Entomologist 57, no. 1 (2011): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ae/57.1.56.

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21

Herendeen, Patrick S., and William L. Crepet. "Paleobotanical and biogeographic history of the legumes (Leguminosae), an important component in Cenozoic and modern tropical terrestrial ecosystems." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006870.

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The Leguminosae are consistently one of the two or three most important angiosperm families in diversity and abundance in modern African and American tropical and subtropical lowland ecosystems. Many legumes are colonizers of disturbed sites while others are components of more mature communities. The great diversity and abundance of legumes reflects characteristics that have made them important components of tropical ecosystems. One of the most significant of these is the ability of most legume species to enrich the soil through the activities of bacteria in their root nodules. Legumes are als
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22

Katzke, Julian, Phillip Barden, Manuel Dehon, Denis Michez, and Torsten Wappler. "Giant ants and their shape: revealing relationships in the genusTitanomyrmawith geometric morphometrics." PeerJ 6 (January 16, 2018): e4242. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4242.

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Shape is a natural phenomenon inherent to many different lifeforms. A modern technique to analyse shape is geometric morphometrics (GM), which offers a whole range of methods concerning the pure shape of an object. The results from these methods have provided new insights into biological problems and have become especially useful in the fields of entomology and palaeontology. Despite the conspicuous successes in other hymenopteran groups, GM analysis of wings and fossil wings of Formicidae has been neglected. Here we tested if landmarks defining the wing shape of fossil ants that belong to the
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23

Cantone, Stefano, and Claudio José Von Zuben. "The Hindwings of Ants: A Phylogenetic Analysis." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2019 (April 14, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7929717.

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In this study, we compare and analyze different ant taxa hindwing morphologies with phylogenetic hypotheses of the Family Formicidae (Hymenoptera). The hindwings are classified into three Typologies based on progressive veins reduction. This analysis follows a revision of the hindwing morphology in 291 extant and eight fossil genera. The distribution of different Typologies was analyzed in the two Clades: Formicoid and Poneroid. The results show a different distribution of Typologies, with a higher genera percentage of hindwings of Typology I in the Clade Poneroid. A further analysis, based on
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24

Poinar, George, and Jeffrey C. Miller. "First Fossil Record of Endoparasitism of Adult Ants (Formicidae: Hymenoptera) by Braconidae (Hymenoptera)." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 95, no. 1 (2002): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0041:ffroeo]2.0.co;2.

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25

Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Dmitry A. Dubovikoff, Andranik R. Manukyan, and Dmitry M. Zharkov. "Braconid parasitoids of ants (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae, Neoneurini) from Baltic amber with a discussion of records of fossil larvae parasitizing ant workers." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84 (August 24, 2021): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.67749.

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A new record of the fossil genus Elasmosomites Brues, 1933 from Baltic amber with an illustrated description of a new species, E. arkadylelejisp. nov. and the first description of a male of E. primordialis Brues, 1933 are provided. A key to currently known Neoneurini genera is compiled. A new record of fossil braconid larva emerging from an ant worker of Lasius schiefferdeckeri Mayr, 1868 is discussed and a correction to previous determination of ant hosts from amber is included.
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26

Archibald, S. Bruce, and Rolf W. Mathewes. "Early Eocene insects from Quilchena, British Columbia, and their paleoclimatic implications." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 8 (2000): 1441–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-070.

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Fossil insects were examined from the Early Eocene lacustrine shale at Quilchena, British Columbia. Insects of 10 orders (Blattodea, Dermaptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Mecoptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, Hymenoptera) were identified, bringing the known number at this site to 11. These were placed in 26 families, 22 of which are new occurrences for this locality. Specimens include early occurrences of bees and ants. Three fossils of leaves with galls were examined. Thirteen of the families are new to British Columbia, and 9 of these (Blaberidae, Haglidae, Cixiidae, Dinidori
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27

Cardoso, Danon Clemes, and Maykon Passos Cristiano. "Karyotype Diversity, Mode, and Tempo of the Chromosomal Evolution of Attina (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini): Is There an Upper Limit to Chromosome Number?" Insects 12, no. 12 (2021): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12121084.

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Ants are an important insect group that exhibits considerable diversity in chromosome numbers. Some species show only one chromosome, as in the males of the Australian bulldog ant Myrmecia croslandi, while some have as many as 60 chromosomes, as in the males of the giant Neotropical ant Dinoponera lucida. Fungus-growing ants are a diverse group in the Neotropical ant fauna, engaged in a symbiotic relationship with a basidiomycete fungus, and are widely distributed from Nearctic to Neotropical regions. Despite their importance, new chromosome counts are scarcely reported, and the marked variati
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28

RUST, JES, and N. MØLLER ANDERSEN. "Giant ants from the Paleogene of Denmark with a discussion of the fossil history and early evolution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 125, no. 3 (1999): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1999.tb00596.x.

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29

Agrain, Federico, Matthew Buffington, Caroline Chaboo, Maria Chamorro, and Matthias Schöller. "Leaf beetles are ant-nest beetles: the curious life of the juvenile stages of case-bearers (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae)." ZooKeys 547 (December 17, 2015): 133–64. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.547.6098.

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Although some species of Cryptocephalinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) have been documented with ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for almost 200 years, information on this association is fragmentary. This contribution synthesizes extant literature and analysizes the data for biological patterns. Myrmecophily is more common in the tribe Clytrini than in Cryptocephalini, but not documented for Fulcidacini or the closely-related Lamprosomatinae. Myrmecophilous cryptocephalines (34 species in 14 genera) primarily live among formicine and myrmecines ants as hosts. These two ant lineages are putative s
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30

Tinaut, Alberto, and Francisca Ruano. "Biogeography of Iberian Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Diversity 13, no. 2 (2021): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13020088.

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Ants are highly diverse in the Iberian Peninsula (IP), both in species richness (299 cited species) and in number of endemic species (72). The Iberian ant fauna is one of the richest in the broader Mediterranean region, it is similar to the Balkan Peninsula but lower than Greece or Israel, when species richness is controlled by the surface area. In this first general study on the biogeography of Iberian ants, we propose seven chorological categories for grouping thems. Moreover, we also propose eight biogeographic refugium areas, based on the criteria of “refugia-within-refugium” in the IP. We
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31

Dlussky, Genady M., A.P. Rasnitsyn, and K.S. Perfilieva. "The ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Bol'shaya Svetlovodnaya (Late Eocene of Sikhote-Alin, Russian Far East)." Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 11 (August 31, 2015): 131–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.33593.

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32

de, Andrade M. L. "Fossil Odontomachiti ants from the Dominican Republic. (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VII: Odontomachiti)." Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde 199 (December 31, 1994): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.26365.

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33

Durán-Ruiz, Claudia, Francisco Riquelme, Marco Coutiño-José, Gerardo Carbot-Chanona, Gabriela Castaño-Meneses, and Mario Ramos-Arias. "Ants from the Miocene Totolapa amber (Chiapas, Mexico), with the first record of the genus Forelius (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50, no. 5 (2013): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2012-0166.

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Totolapa is one of the amber Lagerstätten from Chiapas, southwestern Mexico, which include the Simojovel and Huitiupán deposits. Despite the remarkable paleobiological heritage of Chiapas amber biota, the fossil record of ants from Totolapa has so far not been well studied. Based on exceptionally preserved specimens, four ant genera from the Totolapa amber deposits are reported in this paper, including Forelius, Azteca, Tapinoma, and Camponotus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Whereas the genera Azteca, Tapinoma, and Camponotus are previously known from amber quarries of Simojovel, this paper repres
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34

DLUSSKY, GENNADY M., TORSTEN WAPPLER, and SONJA WEDMANN. "Fossil ants of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Eocene of Europe and remarks on the evolution of arboreal ant communities." Zootaxa 2031, no. 1 (2009): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2031.1.1.

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The formicid genus Gesomyrmex is reviewed and several new species are described from the middle Eocene (about 47 Ma) of Grube Messel, Germany, and from the middle Eocene (about 43 Ma) of Eckfeld maar, Germany. The new taxa are Gesomyrmex curiosus n. sp., Gesomyrmex breviceps n. sp., and Gesomyrmex pulcher n. sp. from Messel, and Gesomyrmex flavescens n. sp., and Gesomyrmex germanicus n. sp. from Eckfeld maar. Two previosly described Oligocene species must be excluded from Gesomyrmex. Former G. expectans Théobald, 1937 is transferred to Eoformica expectans (Théobald, 1937) (comb. nov.), and for
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35

Li, Hongjie, Jeffrey Sosa-Calvo, Heidi A. Horn, et al. "Convergent evolution of complex structures for ant–bacterial defensive symbiosis in fungus-farming ants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 42 (2018): 10720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809332115.

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Evolutionary adaptations for maintaining beneficial microbes are hallmarks of mutualistic evolution. Fungus-farming “attine” ant species have complex cuticular modifications and specialized glands that house and nourish antibiotic-producing Actinobacteria symbionts, which in turn protect their hosts’ fungus gardens from pathogens. Here we reconstruct ant–Actinobacteria evolutionary history across the full range of variation within subtribe Attina by combining dated phylogenomic and ultramorphological analyses. Ancestral-state analyses indicate the ant–Actinobacteria symbiosis arose early in at
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36

Ward, Philip S., and Seán G. Brady. "Phylogeny and biogeography of the ant subfamily Myrmeciinae (Hymenoptera : Formicidae)." Invertebrate Systematics 17, no. 3 (2003): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is02046.

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We investigated phylogenetic relationships among the 'primitive' Australian ant genera Myrmecia and Nothomyrmecia (stat. rev.) and the Baltic amber fossil genus Prionomyrmex, using a combination of morphological and molecular data. Outgroups for the analysis included representatives from a variety of potential sister-groups, including five extant subfamilies of ants and one extinct group (Sphecomyrminae). Parsimony analysis of the morphological data provides strong support (~95% bootstrap proportions) for the monophyly of (1) genus Myrmecia, (2) genus Prionomyrmex, and (3) a clade containing t
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37

Ward, Philip S., and Seán G. Brady. "Corrigendum to: Phylogeny and biogeography of the ant subfamily Myrmeciinae (Hymenoptera : Formicidae)." Invertebrate Systematics 17, no. 4 (2003): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is02046_co.

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We investigated phylogenetic relationships among the 'primitive' Australian ant genera Myrmecia and Nothomyrmecia (stat. rev.) and the Baltic amber fossil genus Prionomyrmex, using a combination of morphological and molecular data. Outgroups for the analysis included representatives from a variety of potential sister-groups, including five extant subfamilies of ants and one extinct group (Sphecomyrminae). Parsimony analysis of the morphological data provides strong support (~95% bootstrap proportions) for the monophyly of (1) genus Myrmecia, (2) genus Prionomyrmex, and (3) a clade containing t
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38

Archibald, S. B., Alexandr P. Rasnitsyn, Denis J. Brothers, and Rolf W. Mathewes. "Modernisation of the Hymenoptera: ants, bees, wasps, and sawflies of the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands of western North America." Canadian Entomologist 150, no. 2 (2018): 205–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2017.59.

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AbstractMost major modern families of Hymenoptera were established in the Mesozoic, but the diversifications within ecologically key trophic guilds and lineages that significantly influence the character of modern terrestrial ecosystems – bees (Apiformes), ants (Formicidae), social Vespidae, parasitoids (Ichneumonidae), and phytophagous Tenthredinoidea – were previously known to occur mostly in the middle to late Eocene. We find these changes earlier, seen here in the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands fossil deposits of western North America. Some of these may have occurred even earlier, but hav
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39

Radchenko, Alexander, Gennady Dlussky, and Graham W. Elmes. "The ants of the genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Baltic and Saxonian amber (Late Eocene)." Journal of Paleontology 81, no. 6 (2007): 1494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/05-066.1.

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In the course of ongoing revision of the ant genus Myrmica Latreille, 1804, we located, in the collections of the Russian and Polish Academies of Sciences, pieces of Baltic Amber (Late Eocene, ca. 40 Ma; earlier this amber was considered to be Oligocene, e.g., see Wheeler, 1915; Larsson, 1978; Bolton, 1995; Dlussky, 1997), that each contained a fossilized specimen of Myrmica. We were also fortunate to be given access to a piece of Saxonian Amber (the same age as Baltic Amber) from the collection of Manfred Kutscher that contained three specimens of Myrmica. Four of the specimens belong to two
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GENISE, JORGE F., and JUAN L. FARINA. "Ants and xenarthrans involved in a Quaternary food web from Argentina as reflected by their fossil nests and palaeocaves." Lethaia 45, no. 3 (2012): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2011.00301.x.

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McKellar, Ryan C., James R. N. Glasier, and Michael S. Engel. "A new trap-jawed ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Haidomyrmecini) from Canadian Late Cretaceous amber." Canadian Entomologist 145, no. 4 (2013): 454–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2013.23.

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AbstractA new genus and species are described within the extinct tribe Haidomyrmecini, and tentatively placed within the subfamily Sphecomyrminae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).Haidoterminus cippusnew genus and speciesexpands the distribution of the bizarre, exclusively Cretaceous, trap-jawed Haidomyrmecini beyond their previous records in mid-Cretaceous Burmese and French amber, and into Laurentia. The new material from the Grassy Lake, Alberta, Canada collecting locality also provides evidence that these highly specialised, likely arboreal, ants persisted for an additional 20 million years, reach
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42

Boudinot, Brendon E., Bernhard L. Bock, Michael Weingardt, et al. "Et latet et lucet: Discoveries from the Phyletisches Museum amber and copal collection in Jena, Germany." Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 71, no. (1) (2024): 111–76. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.71.112433.

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As the only direct records of the history of evolution, it is critical to determine the geological source of biota-bearing fossils. Through the application of synchrotron-radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-µ-CT), Fourier-transformed infrared-spectroscopy (FT-IR), visual evaluation of ultraviolet fluorescence (UV-VS), radiocarbon dating (14C quantification), and historical sleuthing, we were able to identify and sort 161 (83 Baltic amber, 71 Copal and 7 Kauri gum pieces) individually numbered and largely mislabeled pieces of East African Defaunation resin (~145 years old) and copal (~390 y
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43

C., FERNANDO FERNÁNDEZ. "Revision of the myrmicine ants of the Adelomyrmex genus-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Zootaxa 361, no. 1 (2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.361.1.1.

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A revision of the myrmicinae ants of the Adelomyrmex genus-group is made. This group is recognized in workers and females by a combination of: antennae of 12 segments with club of 2 segments, median portion of clypeus forming a longitudinal platform and the lamelliform setae in the internal border of the mandibles. This last trait, unknown in other ants, is proposed as autapomorphy for the Adelomyrmex genus-group. The group contains two genera, Adelomyrmex Emery , 1897 (Neotropics, New Guinea, Fiji, Samoa) and Baracidris Bolton, 1981 (Africa), with 26 species (12 described as new) as follows:
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44

Jessen, Karla. "New fossil ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Upper Oligocene of Enspel (Westerwald Mountains, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany)." Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 100, no. 4 (2020): 1007–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12549-019-00406-2.

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45

D.A., Dubovikof, and Zharkov D.M. "A new species of the genus Dolichoderus Lund, 1831 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from a Late Eocene European amber." Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 18, no. 1 (2022): 147–52. https://doi.org/10.23885/181433262022181-147152.

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<em><strong>Abstract.</strong></em> A new species of ants, <em>Dolichoderus jonasi</em> <strong>sp. n.</strong>, from a Late Eocene amber (Rovno and presumably Baltic ambers) of Europe is described from three workers and one male. The new species differs from all known fossil and recent species of the genus by the following set of characters: the presence of thorns on the pronotum, a head tapering to the back with pronounced occipital angles, a dimpled (with numerous pits) sculpture on the head and thorax, the presence of a ridge on the posterior edge of the main surface of the propodeum with
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46

Martín-Perea, David, Omid Fesharaki, M. Soledad Domingo, Sara Gamboa, and Manuel Hernández Fernández. "Messor barbarus ants as soil bioturbators: Implications for granulometry, mineralogical composition and fossil remains extraction in Somosaguas site (Madrid basin, Spain)." CATENA 172 (January 2019): 664–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.09.018.

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47

Poinar, George, Bruce Archibald, and Alex Brown. "NEW AMBER DEPOSIT PROVIDES EVIDENCE OF EARLY PALEOGENE EXTINCTIONS, PALEOCLIMATES, AND PAST DISTRIBUTIONS." Canadian Entomologist 131, no. 2 (1999): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent131171-2.

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AbstractA large, previously unstudied amber deposit in British Columbia dating from the Early to Middle Eocene (50−55 Ma) provides a noteworthy new source of terrestrial invertebrates and other life forms. This deposit contains what are likely the earliest unequivocal ants (members of the family Formicidae), including extinct representatives of Technomyrmex Mayr 1872, Leptothorax Mayr 1855, and Dolichoderus Lund 1831. Discovering Technomyrmex and a corydiinid cockroach, both of which are currently restricted to tropical regions, confirms earlier evidence of warm paleoclimates and past biogeogr
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48

Zharkov, Dmitry, Dmitry Dubovikoff, and Evgeny Abakumov. "The First Fossil Record of the Genus Manica Jurine, 1807 from Late Eocene Baltic Amber and Discussion of the Early Evolution of Myrmicini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)." Insects 14, no. 1 (2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14010021.

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The Holarctic genus Manica Jurine, 1807 are mysterious and primitive ants from the tribe Myrmicini of the subfamily Myrmicinae. The first fossil species of this genus, †Manica andrannae Zharkov and Dubovikoff, sp. n. is described from the Baltic amber (ca. 33.9–37.8 million years ago). X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) was used to access morphological features and accurately measure the new species. A straightened and painted 3D model is also proposed as a reconstruction of the worker. The new species differs from all extant species of the genus by the propodeum with a weakly convex dorsum
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49

LEPECO, ANDERSON, and GABRIEL A. R. MELO. "A new genus of the extinct family †Holopsenellidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber." Palaeoentomology 8, no. 2 (2025): 138–46. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.8.2.4.

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Aculeata is a clade including all ants, bees, and a large array of stinging wasps. In recent years, the systematics of these groups has been changed substantially by molecular phylogenetics, directly impacting our understanding about their evolution. Regardless, the paleontology of Aculeata still imposes many challenges, including enigmatic groups that cannot be confidently linked to any extant lineage. One of these lineages corresponds to the family †Holopsenellidae, which represents one of the earliest representatives of Aculeata in the fossil record. The single known genus, †Holopsenella, w
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PERRICHOT, VINCENT, RODOLFO SALAS-GISMONDI, and PIERRE-OLIVIER ANTOINE. "The ant genus Tapinoma Förster (Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) in Miocene amber of Peru." Palaeoentomology 2, no. 6 (2019): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.6.8.

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On the 17 extant subfamilies of ants, Dolichoderinae is one of the four major species-rich clades (with Formicinae, Ponerinae, and Myrmicinae), and a cosmopolitan group including some of the world’s most invasive species such as the Argentine ant and white-footed ant. It comprises currently 846 species in 28 extant and 20 extinct genera (Bolton, 2019). Most of the fossils are Cenozoic in age, which accords with the timeline of the Dolichoderinae as proposed by molecular phylogenetic studies (Ward et al., 2010; Moreau &amp; Bell, 2013; Borowiec et al., 2019). According to these studies, crown-g
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