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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Apartment blocks"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 2 de febrero de 2022

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1

Thevaraju, Devi Priya y Zalmiyah Zakaria. "Vista Angkasa Apartment Management System". International Journal of Advanced Science Computing and Engineering 1, n.º 2 (2 de septiembre de 2019): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/ijasce.1.2.4.

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Vista Angkasa Apartment is one of the oldest apartments in the Bangsar South area, with a total of 8 blocks and consisting of more than 1000 units of houses. Currently, all the transaction related to the maintenance of each apartment is recorded manually. It is very difficult to manage all the data manually and if some information is required urgently then to obtain it also is very difficult. It will not only take a lot of time, but it also increases the chances of errors. Therefore, to solve the issues faced, an apartment management system that allows management staff to view the apartment’s data and tenant’s data as well as maintenance requests, notices and complaints has been developed. It also increases the efficiency and the effectiveness of Vista Angkasa Apartment Management by eliminating the current manual system. Compilation of data can be done easily with just a click of mouse. The methodology that has been applied to develop the system will be Agile with the PHP programming language. The developed system has successfully tested with the real time data at the Vista Angkasa Apartment. Based on the obtained results, the Vista Angkasa Apartment Management System solved the current issues with the management office and tenants.

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Ivanko, Dmytro, Harald Taxt Walnum, Åse Lekang Sørensen y Natasa Nord. "Analysis of monthly and daily profiles of DHW use in apartment blocks in Norway". E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 12002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017212002.

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Profiles of domestic hot water (DHW) use give valuable information for achieving energy saving in buildings. In this article, analysis of monthly and hourly profiles in apartment blocks in Norway was performed. The aim was firstly to identify influencing factors on DHW use and afterwards to define typical DHW use profiles. Due to availability, two different data samples were used for monthly and hourly analysis. Monthly data from 49 apartments showed that approximately 30% of DHW was used in kitchens and the rest 70% in bathrooms. The influence of apartment sizes on DHW use was tested based on monthly profiles. Monthly profiles for three categories of apartments with 33 m2, 51-52 m2, and 68-72 m2 floor area were developed. Cluster analysis allowed us to identify profiles for three groups of apartments with a typical number of residents. In addition, for comparison purpose, DHW hourly profiles in two social housings and two housing cooperatives were investigated. These profiles indicated that there was a difference in when DHW was used in these two types of buildings, with a higher daytime DHW use in social housing. Finally, the measured DHW heat use profiles are compared with the profile in the national standard.

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Soikkeli, Anu. "Additional Floors in Old Apartment Blocks". Energy Procedia 96 (septiembre de 2016): 815–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.143.

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Ilina, Evgeniya, Diana Gafurova y Andrey Puris. "Improving the efficiency of capital repairs of apartment buildings through energy-saving measures (on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan)". E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 10011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127410011.

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The article discusses the energy-efficient repair and construction of apartment buildings, as well as the dynamics of changes in the energy efficiency class of apartment buildings in the Republic of Tatarstan. The object of the study is directly the energy efficiency of apartment buildings, as well as its increase in the course of major repairs and construction of apartment buildings. The article also discusses measures to improve the energy efficiency of apartment blocks. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of management of energy efficient construction and repair of apartment building, mainly using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan.

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5

Tewari, Shilpi y David Beynon. "Tokyo’s Dojunkai experiment: courtyard apartment blocks 1926–1932". Planning Perspectives 31, n.º 3 (13 de mayo de 2016): 469–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2016.1160326.

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Şumnu, Umut y Selim Sertel Öztürk. "Reha Ortaçlı, a ‘Silent’ Actor of Architecture and His Unknown Apartment Blocks: Nihat Erim Apartment and Ortaçlı Apartment(s)". Journal of Ankara Studies 6, n.º 1 (2018): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/jas.2018.00719.

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7

Iqbal, Asifa y Mats Wilhelmsson. "Park proximity, crime and apartment prices". International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 11, n.º 4 (6 de agosto de 2018): 669–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-04-2017-0035.

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Purpose There is a lack of understanding in the literature on the relation between parks and house price in relation to crime in Scandinavian context. This paper aims to investigate the effect of the amenity value of accessibility to parks on apartment prices with reference to crime rates in parks in Stockholm. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyses the effects of park proximity and crime in parks on apartment prices by using geographic information systems and hedonic modelling. Findings Findings show that the proximity of parks as an environmental amenity has an effect on apartment prices. The results also demonstrate that the impact of parks on apartment prices is different in the different segments of the apartment market in Stockholm. Moreover, various types of parks may differ in their impact, for instance, grass parks and park blocks are more desirable in Stockholm than landscape parks and neighbourhood parks. The effects of crimes in parks influence apartment prices negatively. Originality/value This paper provides a new methodology by using the shortest distance to a park as a main variable. The shortest distance to a park variable is considered a better choice than using park as an aggregate measure. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the effect of specific park types, for instance, grass parks, neighbourhood parks, landscape parks and park blocks, in Stockholm housing market.

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Høibø, Olav, Eric Hansen y Erlend Nybakk. "Building material preferences with a focus on wood in urban housing: durability and environmental impacts". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2015): 1617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0123.

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As societies urbanize, a growing proportion of the global population and an increasing number of housing units will be needed in urban areas. High-rise buildings and environmentally friendly, renewable materials must play important roles in sustainable urban development. To achieve this, it is imperative that policy makers, planners, architects, and construction companies understand consumer preferences. We use data from urban dwellers in the Oslo region of Norway to develop an understanding of material preferences in relation to environmental attitudes and knowledge about wood. We emphasise wood compared with other building materials in various applications (structural, exterior, and interior) within urban apartment blocks. We use 503 responses from a web panel. Our findings show that Oslo area consumers tend to prefer materials other than wood in various applications in apartment blocks, especially structural applications. Still, some respondent prefer wood, including some applications in apartment blocks where wood is currently not commonly used. The best target for wood-based urban housing includes younger people who have strong environmental values. As environmental attitudes evolve in society and a greater proportion of consumers search out environmentally friendly product alternatives, the opportunities for wood to gain market share will most likely increase.

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9

Megyesi, Emanuel y Mariana Brumaru. "Evaluation of Energy Efficiency in Retrofitting Residential Buildings with Large-Panel Structures". Advanced Materials Research 899 (febrero de 2014): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.24.

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Modular blocks of flats built with large prefabricated panels have become widespread in most of central and East-European countries particularly in the 80es, populating large-scale neighbourhoods. In Romania are representing about 37% of the total fund of apartment blocks, being present in most of the cities. The high percentage of thermal bridges and reduced design thermal resistance of the envelope make these buildings a priority in thermal retrofitting. Using up-to-date calculation methods, the paper presents a thorough analysis of the energy performance of large-panel residential buildings (apartment blocks) before and after renovation. The conclusions are focused on the practical measures to be undertaken for bringing the energy efficiency after retrofitting at the highest possible degree, thus meeting the requirements of the EU legislation and the targets set in the field of energy performance and reduction of CO2 emissions.

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Vassileva-Karagyozova, Svetlana y Nathaniel D. Wood. "The Socialist Prefabs after Utopia". East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 26, n.º 3 (22 de julio de 2012): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325412441825.

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This short essay introduces three articles about Socialist prefabricated apartment buildings in the Czech Republic and Poland. The essay begins by noting the impossibility of replacing the apartment blocks of the Communist bloc after 1989, despite their clear connotation with the undesirable gray uniformity of the old regime, and asks what their legacy has been for their inhabitants in the twenty years since. Based on summaries of the three articles by My Svensson, Adrienne Harris, and Kimberly Zarecor that follow, it draws some conclusions about the prefab neighborhoods. While the first two authors, who consider filmic and literary depiction of life in the blocks, tend to focus on the despair and entrapment people feel there, Zarecor, who notes the pre-socialist origins of prefabricated apartment buildings, uses contemporary surveys and other sources to demonstrate ways that they have proven adaptable to post-socialist life. All three articles suggest that the blocks of the former Communist bloc may be more similar to the “projects” of the West than formerly thought. It seems that the buildings’ gray uniformity has meant that they can serve both as the backdrop for slums and degradation, or, if refurbished and repainted, as an adequate post-socialist living space.

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11

Zavadskas, Edmundas Kazimieras, Artūras Kaklauskas y Tatjana Vilutienė. "MULTICRITERIA EVALUATION OF APARTMENT BLOCKS MAINTENANCE CONTRACTORS: LITHUANIAN CASE STUDY". International Journal of Strategic Property Management 13, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2009): 319–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-715x.2009.13.319-338.

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The paper presents the comparative analysis of dwelling maintenance contractors aimed at determining the degree of their utility for users and bidding price of services by applying the method of multicriteria complex proportional assessment. To compare the performance of various maintenance contractors, the data from 15 dwelling maintenance organizations was used. A questionnaire survey of dwelling owners was conducted. Contractors were evaluated by a set of 44 criteria characterizing them from various perspectives. The analysis was made taking into account the standpoints of building owners (clients). The initial weights of qualitative criteria were calculated by expert methods. Then they were coordinated with the calculated values of quantitative criteria using the method of multicriteria complex proportional assessment. Multicriteria analysis of the performance of maintenance contractors allows us to determine the importance of particular contractor characteristics for achieving the aim to meet the needs of different participants of the maintenance process. Santruka Straipsnyje pateikta daugiabučius namus administruojančiu imoniu lyginamoji analize. Tyrimo tikslas — nustatyti daugiabučius namus administruojančiu imoniu paslaugu naudinguma namo naudotojams. Pavyzdžiui išspresti buvo naudoti penkiolikos daugiabučius namus administruojančiu imoniu paslaugu rodikliai. Imones pagal 44 juos apibūdinančius kriterijus vertino daugiabučiu namu gyventojai. Pradiniai kokybiniu rodikliu reikšmingumai nustatyti taikant ekspertini metoda. Kokybiniu ir kiekybiniu rodikliu reikšmingumai suderinti, optimalus variantas ir variantu naudingumai nustatyti daugiakriterinio kompleksinio proporcingo vertinimo metodu (angl. method of COmplex PRoportional ASsessment, COPRAS). Pagal taikyta metoda derybu metu galima koreguoti pasiūlymu kainas, atsižvelgiant i nustatyta alternatyvu naudinguma. Daugiakriterine analize leidžia nustatyti konkretaus rangovo rodikliu reikšmingumus, ivertinus skirtingus daugiabučiu namu priežiūros proceso dalyviu poreikius.

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12

Yamshchikova, I. V. y I. A. Lisetskij. "Cost optimization for overhauling the apartment blocks in Irkutsk, Russia". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 880 (10 de julio de 2020): 012107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/880/1/012107.

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13

Pedersen, Theis Heidmann, Rasmus Elbæk Hedegaard y Steffen Petersen. "Space heating demand response potential of retrofitted residential apartment blocks". Energy and Buildings 141 (abril de 2017): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.02.035.

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14

Den Hartog, Frank y Jan De Nijs. "The role of regulation in preventing Wi-Fi over-congestion in densely populated areas". Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 5, n.º 2 (4 de junio de 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v5n2.93.

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Given the ever increasing number of Wi-Fi devices in use by the public, the progressing urbanisation, and the current attempts by the industry to improve Wi-Fi system performance, we here analyse the case of apartment blocks with residents increasingly suffering from Wi-Fi over-congestion. Here, individuals use private Wi-Fi networks in an ''in house'' environment to achieve cordless connectivity to the Internet. We show that Wi-Fi in apartment blocks is a true commons and, therefore, over-congestion can only be avoided by having the individual access point (AP) operators collaborating with each other. We found that such collaboration is not inhibited by current regulation, but neither can it be enforced. However, as AP operators will most likely enter collaboration voluntarily, further regulation is not deemed necessary.

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Den Hartog, Frank y Jan De Nijs. "The role of regulation in preventing Wi-Fi over-congestion in densely populated areas". Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 5, n.º 2 (4 de junio de 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v5n2.93.

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Given the ever increasing number of Wi-Fi devices in use by the public, the progressing urbanisation, and the current attempts by the industry to improve Wi-Fi system performance, we here analyse the case of apartment blocks with residents increasingly suffering from Wi-Fi over-congestion. Here, individuals use private Wi-Fi networks in an ''in house'' environment to achieve cordless connectivity to the Internet. We show that Wi-Fi in apartment blocks is a true commons and, therefore, over-congestion can only be avoided by having the individual access point (AP) operators collaborating with each other. We found that such collaboration is not inhibited by current regulation, but neither can it be enforced. However, as AP operators will most likely enter collaboration voluntarily, further regulation is not deemed necessary.

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16

Adam, Marius, Daniel M. Muntean, Miodrag Popov, Daniel Grecea y Viorel Ungureanu. "Integrated energy efficient cooling solutions for large prefabricated panels collective dwellings from the 1970s". E3S Web of Conferences 85 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198501004.

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The intense urbanization process Romania has known during the industrialization period of the 1960-70s led to an exponential shortage in urban housing. Similar to other countries, but more specifically to the former Eastern block, Romanian state-financed collective dwellings were erected starting from standardized projects of Reinforced Concrete Large Prefabricated Panels (RCLPP) blocks of flats, generating nowadays a particular built stock of identical buildings and several apartment types, widespread throughout the entire country. These buildings currently house 60% of the urban population of Romania that own 96% of the apartments, as opposed to the European trends regarding the number of owner-occupied barely reaching 60%. Even though at not even half of their intended lifespan, the collective dwellings do not satisfy basic comfort conditions such as cooling and ventilation, being in an urge of retrofitting and upgrading. Individually applicable cooling systems undertaken by the owners have proved to be acceptable, but did not, however, contribute to a decrease in the overall energy consumption of the buildings. The present paper analyses the individual cooling systems being currently applied in Romanian apartments as opposed to a global-holistic system on block level, in terms of energy consumption and efficiency, flexibility of owner controlled indoor microclimate. The results show the potential of introducing renewable energy sources as viable alternatives for the existing systems.

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Dash, Monalipa y Manjari Chakraborty. "Outdoor Ventilation and Ground Coverage: Exploring a Climate Centric Approach to Building Byelaws for Multi Storied Apartments in Bhubaneswar". Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 27, n.º 2 (5 de noviembre de 2020): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.26853.

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Bhubaneswar with a warm and humid climate and with humidity much higher than the comfort level requires an enhanced natural ventilation to achieve long term quality of life. The building code which regulates the fabric of the city at present follows a standardized set of regulations governed by National Building Code of India and is developed without giving much consideration to climate. Ground coverage is an important parameter which regulates the footprint of the blocks and allows natural ventilation to buildings as well to outdoor. At present, Bhubaneswar does not prescribe a ground coverage for its apartments and completely dependent on FAR control. As a result, the developments consider quite high ground coverage in certain areas. This particular research focusses on analyzing the current situation of multi storied apartments and proposes a few climate centric recommendations for the byelaw. To examine the situation and arrive at a strategy, a simulation study has been carried out by altering the ground coverage and building orientation of a multistoried apartment consisting of 5 residential blocks to analyze the effect of natural ventilation. The study inferred that, building layout and orientation in relation to wind direction plays an important role for natural ventilation in the outdoors. A climate centric byelaw ideally should consider both while formulating its building code.

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URBAN, FLORIAN. "Mumbai's suburban mass housing". Urban History 39, n.º 1 (10 de enero de 2012): 128–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926811000812.

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ABSTRACT:In the 1960s and 1970s, the state-operated Maharashtra Housing Board and its successor organization Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority (MHADA) responded to Mumbai's exponential growth with what at the time was internationally considered to be the most effective measure to fight the housing shortage: large estates of standardized apartment blocks. In Mumbai's northern suburbs, housing compounds were built for designated income levels, such as Kannamwar Nagar and Sahyadri Nagar for the ‘low-income group’ and DN Nagar or Sahakar Nagar for the ‘middle-income group’. This article argues that Mumbai's state-sponsored tower blocks adapted an internationally discussed urban design concept to specific local conditions. The designers took up influences from both local Maharashtrian and European housing typologies of the mid-twentieth century, including upper-class art deco apartments, socialist housing compounds and serially built working-class chawls. In contrast to mass housing developments in Chicago, Moscow or Paris, Mumbai's tower blocks were built individually rather than from prefabricated parts, offered rather high standards of living compared to that of the majority and, as a result, became increasingly inhabited by comparably wealthy groups. Since the beginning of economic liberalization in the 1990s, many have been converted into private co-operatives. Once designed to house the masses, they are now visible symbols for a growing minority that constitutes Mumbai's new middle class. At the same time, they are an example for the local evolution of the modernist housing block type that is only apparently similar all over the world.

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Bournas, Iason y Marie-Claude Dubois. "Daylight regulation compliance of existing multi-family apartment blocks in Sweden". Building and Environment 150 (marzo de 2019): 254–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.01.013.

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Babaee, Faezeh, Rima Fayaz y Marjan Sarshar. "The optimum design of sunspaces in apartment blocks in cold climate". Architectural Science Review 59, n.º 3 (27 de agosto de 2015): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2015.1077326.

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Potapenko, O. S., I. A. Kuzovleva y T. Ya Filippova. "Evaluation of reproduction processes and efficient operation of apartment blocks stock interrelation". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 698 (18 de diciembre de 2019): 077015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/698/7/077015.

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Gürel, Meltem Ö. "Domestic Arrangements: The Maid's Room in the Ataköy Apartment Blocks, Istanbul, Turkey". Journal of Architectural Education 66, n.º 1 (28 de septiembre de 2012): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10464883.2012.721313.

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Kulakov, Kirill, Sergey Baronin y Konstantin Timofeev. "Russian shared construction market and specifics of assessment of the economic losses of citizens on distressed objects". MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 05022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819305022.

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The object of this research is the primary housing market related to the activities of investment and construction enterprises participating in attraction of investments based on the shared construction participation agreements for construction of multi-apartment residential blocks, as well as major trends in sphere of "distressed" objects and population. The purpose of this research is to perform complex analysis in sphere of issues in functioning of the shared construction market in relation to multi-apartment blocks, as well as to reveal major trends in the development of funding risks under shared construction participation agreements, as well as to analyze methodological issues related to the assessment of losses of deceived investing citizens. Results were obtained in major development trends of the shared construction market. Here we show the dynamics in the number of hoodwinked investors and objects, growth in the overall number of executed shared construction agreements in the all-Russian market, as well as the structure of this housing market segment pursuant to the types of executed agreements and the volume of economic losses for investors.

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Rønneseth, Øystein, Nina Holck Sandberg y Igor Sartori. "Is It Possible to Supply Norwegian Apartment Blocks with 4th Generation District Heating?" Energies 12, n.º 5 (12 de marzo de 2019): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050941.

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Direct electricity is widely used for heating purposes in Norway, leading to significant strain on the electricity grid during the heating season. Conversion to 4th generation district heating (4GDH) is an effective method for reducing the need for large investments in the electricity grid, while simultaneously improving the energy efficiency of district heating systems. This article evaluates the possibility of reducing the supply temperature in existing Norwegian apartment blocks by improving the thermal envelope and reducing the temperature levels for the heating system. The analysis is based on simulations in IDA ICE (IDA Indoor Climate and Energy) focusing on whether the reduced supply temperature guarantees thermal comfort in the building, considering the coldest room with a heating setpoint of 22 °C. Based on a recommended minimum acceptable indoor temperature of 19 °C from the Norwegian building regulations (TEK), it should be possible to lower the radiator supply temperature from 80 to 60 °C for apartment blocks newer than 1971. For older buildings, an “intermediate” renovation is necessary to maintain temperatures above 19 °C, however, a “standard” renovation is recommended to ensure thermal comfort and improve the energy efficiency of the building stock.

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Freimane, Santa. "Visual Identity of Riga 21st Century Multi-Apartment Developments". Architecture and Urban Planning 17, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2021): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aup-2021-0004.

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Abstract It is claimed that rapid changes, including globalization and urbanization, may lead to uniform urban environment. Therefore, it is crucial to address issues in terms of local architecture. This research particularly focuses on the visual identity of Riga 21st century residential developments. Theoretical studies and empirical research methods were used. According to the research results, the most typical characteristics are linear building blocks, symmetric arraignment of façade elements, polychrome façade colour approach and usage of white/grey/ black colour palette. However, considering variety of visual expressions as well as different architectural and spatial situations, there cannot be determined one exact visual identity.

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Lipnevič, Anna. "Daugiabučių namų atnaujinimas Lietuvoje: problemos ir gyventojų iniciatyva". Public Policy and Administration 14, n.º 2 (19 de junio de 2015): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.13165/vpa-15-14-2-02.

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Renovation of apartment houses in the academic literature is identified as one of the most important housing policy areas. This is a complex phenomenon in rapidly aging Lithuanian housing stock conditions. In the scientific literature, the need for modernization of apartment houses is emphasized, but in Lithuania, there is the lack of interdisciplinary studies of this phenomenon. Often, this phenomenon is analyzed in engineering and from an economic point of view, but from a sociological point of view, practically there have been no analyzes. The aim of the article is to reveal the apartment houses renovation policy developments in Lithuania and to highlight the most important problems of renovation.<br />Quantitative research data showed that only a small part of the houses is renovated under the Renovation program. Partial renovation of apartment houses is going on by themselves according to a population initiative. A large proportion of respondents are satisfied with the results, but they listed problems in updating blocks of flats. Without passivity of the population and financial problems, there are other very significant barriers to mass renovation: corruption in government, good construction companies and builders deficiency. Qualitative research results helped to highlight the most important home renovation problems, identify renovation incentives and barriers.

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Raslanas, Saulius, Jurgita Alchimovienė y Nerija Banaitienė. "RESIDENTIAL AREAS WITH APARTMENT HOUSES: ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITION OF BUILDINGS, PLANNING ISSUES, RETROFIT STRATEGIES AND SCENARIOS / DAUGIABUČIŲ NAMŲ GYVENAMUOSIUOSE RAJONUOSE BŪKLĖS, PLANAVIMO PROBLEMŲ IR ATNAUJINIMO STRATEGIJŲ BEI SCENARIJŲ ANALIZĖ". International Journal of Strategic Property Management 15, n.º 2 (4 de julio de 2011): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2011.586531.

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Modernisation of apartment houses is a particularly relevant issue both in Lithuania and many other countries. To make it more efficient, the modernisation of apartment houses must be integrated–an entire block or residential area must be renovated and the principles of sustainable development must be followed. This article dwells on the issues related to retrofit planning in residential blocks/areas and analyses the condition of apartment houses and their environment. The article also proposes strategies for retrofit of residential areas with apartment houses. The strategies aim to improve the living standards and the quality of environment, to cut energy consumption and Co2 emissions, to maintain mixed social structure, to integrate new buildings into the existing environment in a sustainable manner, to develop an urban centre of a residential area as a functioning part of the city, to develop democratic planning and to seek close cooperation of modernisation partners. The scenarios based on relevant strategies must define the measures of retrofit, their priority and their potential effect. Santrauka Daugiabučių gyvenamųjų namų modernizavimas šiuo metu yra ypač aktuali problema ne tik Lietuvoje, betir daugelyje kitų šalių. Kad modernizavimas būtų efektyvesnis, daugiabučius reikia atnaujinti kompleksiškai, modernizuojant visą kvartalą, rajoną, vadovaujantis darniosios plėtros principais. Šiame straipsnyje aptariamos gyvenamųjų kvartalų, rajonų atnaujinimo planavimo problemos, analizuojama daugiabučių ir jų aplinkos būklė. Siūlomos daugiabučių rajonų atnaujinimo strategijos, kuriomis siekiama: gerinti gyvenimo standartus ir aplinkos kokybę, mažinti energijos suvartojimą ir CO2 emisiją, išlaikyti mišrią socialinę struktūrą, darnų naujų pastatų integravimą į jau egzistuojančią aplinką, plėtoti miesto centro kaip funkcionalios miesto dalies daugiabučių namų rajone sukūrimą, demokratinį planavimą bei prie modernizavimo prisidedančių partnerių glaudų bendradarbiavimą. Scenarijai, grindžiami atitinkamomis strategijomis, privalo apibrėžti renovacijos darbų priemones, jų įgyvendinimo prioretiškumą ir būsimus poveikius.

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Murakami, Tatsuya. "Labor Mobilization and Cooperation for Urban Construction: Building Apartment Compounds at Teotihuacan". Latin American Antiquity 30, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2019): 741–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2019.78.

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Teotihuacan underwent an urban renewal during the Tlamimilolpa phase (AD 250–350) in which more than 2,000 apartment compounds were constructed to accommodate its estimated 100,000 residents. Although the orderly layout and canonical orientation of the city imply top-down planning, growing evidence suggests a bottom-up process of urban transformation. This study combines architectural energetics with archaeometric analysis of nonlocal construction materials (lime plaster and andesitic cut stone blocks) to examine the labor organization behind the construction of the apartment compounds. The results of the energetic analysis suggest that residents relied on labor forces external to their compounds, whereas materials analysis indicates that the procurement, transportation, and production of building material were centrally organized and thus indicative of a state labor tax. Based on these results, I argue that compounds were assembled through corporate group labor exchange or communal (neighborhood-level) labor cooperation/obligation, with differing degrees of support from the state labor tax. Apartment compound construction was not uniform but rather a diverse process in which state labor mobilization, communal labor obligations, and corporate labor exchange were articulated in various ways.

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29

Skoczylas, Olga. "Transform, but how?" Budownictwo i Architektura 13, n.º 3 (11 de septiembre de 2014): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1839.

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This article is an attempt to point, on concrete examples, the most important aspects which occur at almost every successful revitalization of settlements made in industrialized technology. "Concrete slabs" is present in almost every Polish city. Western countries, at least partially faced problems that are associated with apartment blocks. In the very foreseeable future, in Poland, we cannot pretend not to see that in the prefabricated housing people live in bad conditions, that there are more social pathologies, or that the settlements are depopulated. Thermomodernization itself is not enough to restore a healthy and full of energy life to the dying blocks.

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30

Ong, Lynette H. "State-Led Urbanization in China: Skyscrapers, Land Revenue and “Concentrated Villages”". China Quarterly 217 (11 de febrero de 2014): 162–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741014000010.

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AbstractThis article examines the rationale behind municipal and local governments' pursuance of urbanization, and the political and socio-economic implications of the policy to move villagers from their farmland into apartment blocks in high-density resettlement areas, or “concentrated villages.” It provides evidence of an increasing reliance by municipal and local governments on land revenues and the financing of urban infrastructure by the governments' land-leasing income. Following their relocation to apartment blocks, villagers complain that their incomes fall but their expenditures rise. Moreover, although they cede rights to the use of their farmland to the government, they are not given access to the state-provided social welfare to which urban residents are entitled. The paltry compensation which they receive for their land is insufficient to sustain them. Displaced or landless peasants are emerging as a distinctly disadvantaged societal group, deprived of the long-term security of either farmland or social welfare. The question of whether or not rural land rights should be freely traded is not as crucial to the future livelihoods of landless peasants as allowing them access to the full range of social welfare afforded to urban residents.

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31

Carretero-Ayuso, Manuel J., Alberto Moreno-Cansado y Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. "An analysis of technical facilities failures in modern Spanish houses". Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, n.º 4 (23 de marzo de 2017): 490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417701802.

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The correct execution of facilities in housing determines their maintenance and comfort. The objective of this article is to identify the usual functional failures, common in technical facilities of houses, study their causes and determine their consequences. To this effect, a total of 153 detached houses (18%), 231 attached houses (27%), 444 apartment blocks (52%) and 26 residential buildings of other types (3%) were analysed. The facilities with the greatest number of detected failures were ‘covered sanitation pipes’ (24.00%), ‘exposed sanitation pipes’ (20.73%), ‘ventilation’ (13.93%), ‘heating and air conditioning’ (11.01%) and ‘plumbing’ (9.72%). The most common types of failures identified were ‘malfunctions’ (41.22%) and ‘humidity/runoffs in finished elements’ (37.55%). The housing typology which concentrates the most failures is ‘apartment block’ (52%), followed by ‘attached houses’ (27%). The causes, in general, are one of the following three: ‘installation anomaly’, ‘omission of/in an installation’ and ‘joints or tail-ends inadequately placed or deteriorated’. Practical application: This work presents a methodological procedure which allows designers to identify the most common incidences in building facilities and the causes leading to them, analyse their consequences and avoid their appearance in the design stage.

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32

Hewitt, Sean, Hugh Reyburn, Richard Ashford y Mark Rowland. "Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kabul, Afghanistan: vertical distribution of cases in apartment blocks". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92, n.º 3 (mayo de 1998): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(98)91007-0.

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33

Chulkov, Vitaliy y Myhammet Fachratov. "Construction waste processing management and demolition of five-storey apartment blocks in Moscow". MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819305008.

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Data on waste processing management is presented in the article. Processing of scrap concrete waste, which is similar to traditional raw materials in composition and condition, is economically and ecologically feasible. The research suggests that concrete with scrap concrete waste shows strength properties similar to primary concrete and helps organizing waste-free production.

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34

Taushunaev, Shamil y Muhammet Fachratov. "Construction waste processing management and demolition of five-storey apartment blocks in Moscow". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 365 (junio de 2018): 062013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/365/6/062013.

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35

Lujanen, Martti. "Legal challenges in ensuring regular maintenance and repairs of owner‐occupied apartment blocks". International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 2, n.º 2 (13 de julio de 2010): 178–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17561451011058807.

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36

Evola, G. y G. Margani. "Renovation of apartment blocks with BIPV: Energy and economic evaluation in temperate climate". Energy and Buildings 130 (octubre de 2016): 794–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.08.085.

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37

Ruseckaitė, Indrė y Aušra Černauskienė. "MONOLITH EXPERIMENT IN VILNIUS: BETWEEN IDEA AND PRAGMATISM / MONOLITO EKSPERIMENTAS VILNIUJE: TARP IDĖJOS IR PRAGMATIŠKUMO". JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 36, n.º 3 (9 de octubre de 2012): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2012.732490.

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In postwar development of modernist architecture, ambiguity of reinforced concrete in the role of a causer of a qualitative leap of the architectural thought is particularly reflected by controversial application directions and scales of the present material: from industrialised mass construction of prefabricated reinforced concrete large-panel houses seen as pure pragmatism to individual examples of monolithic reinforced concrete architecture with exclusive plasticity seen as idea disseminators. This is the relation between the ideological content and pragmatism of the monolithic reinforced concrete technology the present article deals with discussing the issue in the contexts of Vilnius housing construction. Multi-dwelling units of monolithic reinforced concrete constructed in compliance with an innovative and experimental technology of that time have been chosen due to relatively low realisation scale thereof and due to the fact that the experiment under investigation hardly took a couple of the last decades of the Soviet era, the end whereof also denotes breakup of the phenomenon. The paper aims at answering what are the pragmatic and ideological impulses having determined development of the technology, what architectural and urban ideas are displayed by the buildings constructed; why the monolithic experiment with the significant role to be played in the unrealised perspective plans of urban development has finished together with the Soviet period and what are today's manifestations with respect to assessment and architectural interpretations of the phenomenon. Conclusions of the article maintain that the best display of the relation between the ideological content and pragmatism of the monolithic reinforced concrete technology in Vilnius is exposed in the contexts of housing construction. Demand for the rapid and inexpensive housing construction technology and new reinforced concrete technologies were combined in the field of construction industrialisation and projects of multiple apartment houses. Necessity for original non-standard architectural vertical accents in the monotonous environment characteristic of the quarters of standard apartment houses encouraged to search for an appropriate innovative technology. Monolithic reinforced concrete (as an alternative to prefabricated reinforced concrete large-panel or brickwork construction being unfavourable to the present typology) was chosen due to a range of pragmatic reasons such as comparatively short design and realisation time, lower labour expenditures and less metal input required. Having joined together ideological and pragmatic needs, the monolithic reinforced concrete technology was applied for some ninety apartment houses in Vilnius from 1974 to 1990. Initially employed for the ultimate challenges, i.e. tower-blocks, later the monolithic experiment was used in construction of barrier blocks and terraced houses of composite structures, whereas at the end of the Soviet era it was utilised for construction of single-family houses. Greater technological potential of the experiment having lasted just for eighteen years enabled more freedom in interpretation of the plan structure of an apartment house, therefore, innovations in living spaces are an integral part of the monolithic experiment. Sculpturesqueness of monolithic towers, form iconicity, demonstration of functional building segments in the plan and volume point to ideological changes in modernist architecture. Switchover from one form to structural combination of a few ones, display of the present structurality in the volume also suggest reflections of structural ideas of "spatial blocks" in design of apartment houses, wherein a flat or a group of flats turn into a segment or block of the plan and spatial structure. Being able to open a range of opportunities for exposition of monolithic reinforced concrete and texture thereof, thereby ensuring development of the "techno-functional" structuralism trend, the monolithic reinforced concrete technology failed to gain the expected scope in the real life due to limited technological possibilities. Contextual ideas, born in the sixties of the 20th c. and declaring the necessity to reinterpret the principles of historic architecture and the old city forms as well as to adapt them to the newly developed urban areas, are also found in the changes of Lithuanian architectural and urban thought. The notion of architectural mounds of Vilnius generated during this period was both elaborated in the central part of the city and rephrased in residential districts. Monolithic tower-blocks were clustered next to the major (micro)raion centres, thereby forming mounds, or were used as peaks of the mounds shaped of standard apartment houses, often turning into the functional concentration points of microraions themselves. At that time, the idea of a barrier block acting as a protection wall that safeguards the microraion against highway noise was developed, however, it was worked out just on the basis of the monolithic technology. Demand for the morphotype with respect to switchover from free building-up to perimeter one and possibilities thereof are marked by construction of perimeter blocks of apartment complexes, the ideas of "privacy" reborn wherein were eventually transformed in projects of monolithic terraced and individual houses as well as in very few realisations. Monolithic reinforced concrete apartment houses represent the technological heritage of the uncompleted and discontinued monolithic experiment having gone out together with the Soviet era. Non-relevant scopes of apartment house construction with the scale of that time as well as the doubts having arisen at the end of the Soviet period with respect to justification of the monolithic technology in construction of apartment houses testify to the end of the monolithic experiment under discussion. Application field of monolithic reinforced concrete moves to interior building structures "dressing" the exterior with modern materials, therefore, monolithic facades just remain a part of the experiment of the past Soviet era, the reverberations whereof are found in individual buildings of today's architecture solely. Santrauka Gelžbetonio kaip kokybinio architektūrinės minties šuolio kaltininko dviprasmiškumas pokarinėje modernistinės architektūros raidoje ypač matomas iš kontraversiškų šios medžiagos naudojimo krypčių ir mastų: nuo industrializuotos masinės surenkamų gelžbetoninių stambiaplokščių namų statybos kaip grynojo pragmatiškumo iki pavienių išskirtinės plastikos monolitinio gelžbetonio architektūros pavyzdžių kaip idėjos skleidėjų. Būtent monolitinio gelžbetonio technologijos idėjiškumo ir pragmatiškumo santykis straipsnyje ir nagrinėjamas, šį klausimą perkėlus į Vilniaus gyvenamosios statybos kontekstus. Monolitinio gelžbetonio gyvenamieji namai, pastatyti naudojant savo laiku inovatyvią ir eksperimentinę technologiją, pasirinkti dėl palyginti nedidelio jų įgyvendinimo masto ir dėl to, kad šis eksperimentas tetruko ne visus porą paskutinių sovietinės eros, kurios pabaiga žymi ir šio fenomeno nutrūkimą, dešimtmečių. Tekste siekiama atsakyti, kokie pragmatiniai ir idėjiniai postūmiai lėmė šios technologijos plėtojimą, kokios architektūrinės ir urbanistinės idėjos skleidžiasi šiuose objektuose; kodėl monolitinis eksperimentas, kuriam nemenkas vaidmuo numatytas neįvykusiuose miesto plėtros ateities planuose, pasibaigė kartu su sovietmečiu ir kaip reiškiasi šiandieniniai šio reiškinio vertinimai bei architektūrinės interpretacijos.

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38

Phuong, Dinh Quoc. "(Re)developing old apartment blocks in Hanoi: government vision, local resistance and spatial routines". Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 18, n.º 4 (4 de julio de 2019): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2019.1659799.

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Zhimbiev, Balzhan. "The Russian Allotment: Moscow and Ulan-Ude". Inner Asia 7, n.º 1 (2005): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146481705793646964.

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AbstractFrom early summer the word dacha is frequently mentioned by the inhabitants of apartment blocks throughout Russia, referring to a patch of land allotted to city dwellers where planting of potatoes and other root vegetables is carried out. Over the last four decades a dacha house was commonly constructed on such an allotment and this became a kind of symbol of Soviet-period urbanisation, with the number of dacha plots issued to city dwellers being always quoted in top governmental reports. Nevertheless despite the fact that the dacha plots have become a common sight on the outskirts of any city, and rumours in Russia’s capital, Moscow, that the number of allotments is practically equal to the number of apartment flats, this does not indicate a particular well-being in society but rather highlights the existence of problematic issues which were rarely perceived in the daily routine.

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40

Dahlblom, Mats, Birgitta Nordquist y Lars Jensen. "Distribution and variation of indoor temperatures in apartment blocks with individual metering and billing of space heating costs—on building, apartment, and room level". Energy Efficiency 8, n.º 5 (26 de enero de 2015): 859–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-015-9328-4.

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41

Nikolic, Mladen, David Simovic, Milija Zecevic y Violeta Cibulic. "Modelling radiation exposure in homes from siporex blocks by using exhalation rates of radon". Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 30, n.º 4 (2015): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1504301n.

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Building materials are the second major source of indoor radon, after soil. The contribution of building materials to indoor radon amount depends upon the radium content and exhalation rates, which can be used as a primary index for radon levels in the dwellings. This paper presents the results of using the experimentally determined exhalation rates of siporex blocks and concrete plates, to assess the radiation exposure in dwellings built of siporex blocks. The annual doses in rooms have been estimated depending on the established modes of ventilation. Realistic scenario was created to predict an annual effective dose for an old person, a housewife, a student, and an employed tenant, who live in the same apartment, spending different periods of time in it. The results indicate the crucial importance of good ventilation of the living space.

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42

Sánchez de la Flor, Francisco José, Enrique Ángel Rodríguez Jara, Álvaro Ruiz Pardo, José Manuel Salmerón Lissén y Maria Kolokotroni. "Energy-Efficient Envelope Design for Apartment Blocks—Case Study of A Residential Building in Spain". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 1 (4 de enero de 2021): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010433.

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Buildings are known to be responsible for about a third of energy consumption in developed countries. This situation, together with the fact that the existing building stock is being renovated at a very slow pace, makes it crucial to focus on the energy retrofitting of buildings as the only way to reduce their contribution to these energy consumptions and the consequences derived from them in terms of pollution and climate change. The same level of insulation and the same type of windows is usually proposed for all dwellings in a building block. This article shows that since the improvements required by each dwelling in the same block are different, the proposed solution must also be different. The methodology is proposed for a practical case consisting of an apartment block in Cádiz, a demonstration building of the European RECO2ST project. To achieve the optimum solution for each case, a multi-objective optimization problem is solved: to minimize the annual heating demand of the building and the standard deviation of the annual demand of the different dwellings. Thanks to the use of the proposed methodology, it is possible to bring the building to a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) level, while avoiding excessive insulation that causes overheating in summer.

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43

Van Heesch, Maran, Pascal L. J. Wissink, Ramtin Ranji, Mehdi Nobakht y Frank Den Hartog. "Combining Cooperative With Non-Cooperative Game Theory to Model Wi-Fi Congestion in Apartment Blocks". IEEE Access 8 (2020): 64603–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2984535.

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44

Artino, Antonio, Gianpiero Evola, Giuseppe Margani y Edoardo Marino. "Seismic and Energy Retrofit of Apartment Buildings through Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Blocks Infill Walls". Sustainability 11, n.º 14 (19 de julio de 2019): 3939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143939.

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All around the world, a huge amount of buildings have been built before the enforcement of specific codes for seismic resistance and energy efficiency. Particularly in Italy, over 74% of residential buildings were constructed before 1980, when only 25% of the territory was classified as seismic, and nearly 86% were built before 1991, when the first restrictive regulation on energy efficiency was issued. This means that most buildings need both seismic and energy renovation actions to improve their sustainability level. The proposed combined retrofit strategy for reinforced concrete framed buildings is based on the replacement of the external layer of double-leaf infill walls, made of hollow bricks, with high-performing AAC blocks: this solution can be implemented by operating mainly from the outside of the building, thus reducing occupants’ disruption during retrofitting. The generally neglected structural contribution of masonry infill panels is here considered using a recently developed macro-element modeling approach. The results suggest that, from a structural viewpoint, the proposed intervention involves the highest improvement at the damage limitation limit state, while lower upgrades are recorded at life safety limit state and near-collapse limit state. In regards to the energy issues, the energy demand can be reduced by 10% and 4% for heating and cooling, respectively, just by replacing the outer layer of blocks; further savings can be achieved through the application of a supplementary insulation layer.

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45

Tuna Ultav, Zeynep. "Balcony Railings as a Representative Element of Collective Memory: Balcony Railings of Ankara Apartment Blocks". ATHENS JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE 5, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2019): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.5-1-6.

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46

Bournas, Iason, Marie-Claude Dubois y Thorbjörn Laike. "Perceived daylight conditions in multi-family apartment blocks – Instrument validation and correlation with room geometry". Building and Environment 169 (febrero de 2020): 106574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106574.

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47

Kovarova, Barbora. "Use of Prefabrication in Staircase Solutions in Multi-storey Apartment Blocks Based on Wooden Structures". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 603 (18 de septiembre de 2019): 022015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/603/2/022015.

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48

Resuloğlu, Çılga y Elvan Altan Ergut. "Kavaklidere-Ankara: The Formation of a Residential District During the 1950s". Open House International 40, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2015): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2015-b0006.

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This paper aims to examine the formation of Kavaklıdere as a ‘modern’ residential district during the 1950s. Contemporary urbanization brought about changes in various regions of Ankara, among which Kavaklıdere emerged as an important location with features that defined a new stage in the development of the identity of the capital city. The construction of houses in this district from the early 1950s onwards was in accordance with new functional requirements resulting from the needs of the contemporary socio-economic context, and exemplified the relationship between architectural approaches and social developments. In line with the rapid urbanization of Ankara throughout the 1950s, daily life in Kavaklıdere was transformed, as experienced in the apartment blocks that were the newly constructed sites of modernization. The contemporary transformation of Kavaklıdere was apparently formal and spatial, with the modernist architectural approach of the period, i.e. the so-called International Style, beginning to dominate in the shaping of its changing character. Nonetheless, the transformation was not only architectural but also social: the characteristics of this part of the city were then defined by structures like these apartment blocks, which brought modernist design features, together with modern ways of living, into wider public use and appreciation. The paper discusses how the identity of Kavaklıdere as a residential district was formed in the context of the mid-twentieth century, when these new residences emerged as pioneering modernist architectural housing, the product of social change, which housed and hence facilitated the ‘modern’ lifestyle of that time.

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49

Vignola, Gionatan, Ryan Kiracofe y Udo Dietrich. "Passive Strategies for Buildings in Hot and Dry Climates: Optimisation of Informal Apartment Blocks in Cairo". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 329 (11 de octubre de 2019): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/329/1/012009.

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Mørck, Ove Christen. "Energy saving concept development for the MORE-CONNECT pilot energy renovation of apartment blocks in Denmark". Energy Procedia 140 (diciembre de 2017): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.11.139.

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