Tesis sobre el tema "Applications en catalyse"
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Chenneberg, Ludwig. "Nouvelles avancées en catalyse photoredox : applications en chimie radicalaire de synthèse et en catalyse duale". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066305/document.
Texto completoVisible-light photoredox catalysis has emerged as a very powerful strategy to generate radical species replacing more and more tin-mediated or stoichiometric redox methodologies. The main objective of the research described in this Ph. D. thesis is to develop new synthetic methodologies in radical and organometallic chemistry, and merge them in a dual catalysis process for the preparation of elaborated molecular building blocks. In a first study, we report a photocatalytic alternative of Barton-McCombie deoxygenation based on a visible-light photoreduction of O-thiocarbamates derived from secondary and tertiary alcohols. A mechanistic investigation is presented based on fluorescence quenching and cyclic voltammetry experiments. In a second study, a challenging method of generation of unstabilized alkyl radicals by photooxidation of borate salts or hypervalent silicon species is reported. These radicals are trapped by free radical scavengers or engaged in a photoredox/nickel dual catalysis
Putaj, Piotr. "Applications des polyoxométalates en catalyse hétérogène". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869429.
Texto completoBrenet, Simon. "Nouvelle structure BINOL-Maléimide. Applications en catalyse d'oxydation asymétrique". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV050/document.
Texto completoCatalysed asymmetric reactions are an elegant approach towards the synthesis of complex molecules for the controlled introduction of stereocenters. Within this field, oxidations are noteworthy since they allow to create in one step both the stereogenic elements and the moieties whose reactivities are the cornerstone of the methodologies of synthesis. The selectivity of a catalyst is most often controlled by its own structure. Our group has investigated catalysed asymmetric aerobic oxidations by C-H activation through the use of chiral analogues of N-hydroxyphtalimide (NHPI). We have developed a new structure of catalyst based upon a BINOL-fused maleimide core to circumvent the inherent limitations of previous catalysts generations. The first series showed no enantioselectivity and led us to synthesize a second series whose features are expected to improve the overall efficiency of those catalysts for asymmetric aerobic oxidations. The development of an analogue bearing two iodine moieties prompted us to study this structure as a core for chiral hypervalent organo-iodine(lll) catalysts. We have investigated three series of such catalysts for the asymmetric α-oxytosylation of prochiral ketones and showed that our structure is comparable with the ones found in the literature
Wu, Zhiyong. "Synthèse de nouveaux catalyseurs chiraux d’or(I) et applications en catalyse énantiosélective". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS244.
Texto completoThe gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions provide powerful tools for the synthesis of heterocycles and carbocycles in both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms. The direct cyclization of enyne substrates to form new C-C or C-heteroatom bonds proved to be an efficient atom and step economy approach for the synthesis of bicyclic or tricyclic compounds. The well-known cyclizations of 1,6- and 1,5-enynes into bicyclic compounds are one of the most powerful examples. Moreover, during the last few years, our group developed several series of chiral platinum or gold pre-catalysts which exhibit excellent catalytic activity, diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity in the cyclization of enyne substrates.As far as we know, gold complexes with central, axial and helical chirality exhibited excellent results both in terms of catalytic activity and enantioselectivity. However, the planar chirality has been rather neglected so far in the gold promoted enantioselective cyclizations. Although some planar chiral gold complexes (mainly based on the ferrocene structure) have been reported in recent years, high enantioselectivity proved particularly difficult to obtain. In order to extend the potential applications of the planar chiral gold complexes, we have synthesized two new family of gold complexes with planar chirality and applied them in the cycloisomerization of 1,5-enynes and 1,6-dienynes. Finally, with several families of chiral gold complexes (with axial, planar or helical chirality) in hand, we developed a new type of cycloaddition reaction, with excellent catalytic activity and enantioselectivity.This thesis summarizes these studies: i) The chiral monodentate phosphines based on ortho-disubstituted ferrocene units have been prepared and used for the synthesis of gold(I) complexes. These complexes proved to be very active catalysts for the cycloisomerization of 3-hydroxy-1,5-enynes into bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanones. Their high catalytic activity is ascribed to their structural analogy to the biaryl-based Buchwald phosphines. ii) We have also synthesized and characterized new chiral phosphoramidites and demonstrated for the first time the ability of planar-chiral gold(I) complexes to obtain high enantioselectivities in cycloisomerisation reactions. Furthermore, starting from N-tethered prochiral dienynes, the corresponding bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane derivatives, containing three contiguous stereocenters, were obtained in good yields, with a total diastereoselectivity and up to 95% ee. iii) With a number of chiral gold complexes (with axial, planar or helical chirality), an efficient approach for the cycloaddition of cyclopropylenynes has been developed, based on the enantioselective gold catalyzed cycloaddition reaction. This novel method provides an easy access to the enantioselective synthesis of cyclobutanones and the further preparation of chiral tricyclic compounds possessing the skeleton of natural products. We have highlighted axial bis(phosphine)digold(I) complexes which afforded the cyclobutanones with up to 99% enantiomeric excesses in these cyclization reactions
Abdulaeva, Inna. "Imidazoporphyrines fonctionnalisées et leurs applications en catalyse". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK053/document.
Texto completoA broad series of functionalized imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrins was synthesized by the acid-catalyzed condensation of 2,3-dioxo-5,10,15,20-tetraarylchlorins with aromatic aldehydes. Both steric and electronic features of meso-aryl substituents influence on the product yield ranging from 18% to 90%.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the structure of zinc(II) 5,10,15,20-tetramesityl-2-(4-pyridyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrinate showed that this compound forms 1D coordination chains in the solid state.The post-synthetic modifications of imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrins were investigated by performing the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, preparing water-soluble imidazoporphyrins and linear/angular bis(imidazo)porphyrins.Several methods of grafting of imidazoporphyrins on the surface of mesoporous TiO2 and ZrO2 were investigated to prepare hybrid materials for catalysis.Then, it was demonstrated that indium(III) 5,10,15,20-tetramesityl-2-(4-diethoxyphospho-rylphenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrinate catalyzes the photooxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides by oxygen from air. This complex grafted on TiO2 surface was efficient as a reusable catalyst in spite of partial (1%) leaching of imidazoporphyrin in solution. TiO2-supported manganese(III) 5,10,15,20-tetramesityl-2-(4-diethoxyphosphoryl-phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrinate was employed for catalytic oxidation of a broad range of sulfides by pure oxygen in the presence of isobutyraldehyde. All sulfoxides were obtained in high yields (>89%). The catalyst was reused in 7 consecutive cycles without loss of its efficiency and selectivity. Leaching of the catalyst was not observed under studied conditions
Putaj, Piotr. "Applications of polyoxometalates in heterogenous catalysis". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10038/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this work was preparation and characterization of catalysts based on polyoxometalates and their use in various catalytic reactions in heterogenous conditions. Methane C-H activation on silica-supported polyoxometalates was shown already at room temperature. Methoxy species [SiMo12O40(CH3)]3- from the 13C-enriched methane adsorption at 200°C on the surface of a silicadispersed silicomolybdic acid was detected by means of 13C SS NMR. Its hydrolysis led to methanol formation, thus completing the catalytic cycle. After 13C-enriched MeOH adsorption presence of two distinct methoxy species on the surface of polyoxometalates was shown, located on terminal (single coordinated) and bridging (double coordinated) oxygen atoms and resulting in the resonances at 58 and 77 ppm in 13C SS NMR. Grafting of PtMe2COD on the surface of various polyoxometalate supports led to methane or combined methane and ethane release, explained by means of oxidative addition/reductive elimination mechanism on metal centers. Ammonium salts of phosphotungstic acid catalyzed efficiently n-butane to isobutane skeletal isomerisation at mild conditions (225 °C, atmospheric pressure). Successful heterogenization of copper catalysts, active in enantioselective C-H carbene insertion reactions, on polyoxometalate supports have been shown
Ma, Xiaolu. "Bis (trialkoxysilyl) telechelic polymer materials for adhesive applications". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S123.
Texto completoThe work presented focuses on the synthesis of liquid (at room temperature) bis(trialkoxysilyl) telechelic polyolefins for adhesive applications. The first approach relies on the combined ring-opening metathesis polymerization/cross metathesis (ROMP/CM) of a cycloolefin or a mixture of cycloolefins using a trialkoxysilyl mono- or difunctionalized alkene acting as a chain transfer agent (CTA) and a ruthenium-based catalyst. The efficiency of the reaction and selectivity of the polymer functionality were found to depend much on the nature of the CTA, the catalyst, the solvent and the use of benzoquinone additive as isomerization inhibitor. A high catalytic productivity with a turnover number (TON) up to 100 000 was obtained under optimized conditions. The viscosity of polymers was controlled by adjusting the nature and the ratio of comonomers. The second approach is dedicated to the depolymerization of liquid high 1,4-cis polybutadiene (PBD) in the presence of a CTA and a ruthenium catalyst. The catalytic productivity and selectivity were optimized by changing the method of purification of the commercial PBD, the nature of catalyst and the reaction protocol. This second approach remains, however, less efficient than the first one
Reymond, Sébastien. "Phosphonamides chiraux : synthèse et applications en catalyse énanthiosélective". Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30005.
Texto completoA diversity of new mono- and bifunctional diazaphosphonamides was prepared through diastereoselective nucleophilic substitution reactions at phosphorus atom. Our works demonstrated that diazaphosphonamides could be efficient Lewis base catalysts in the asymmetric ring opening of meso epoxides with SiCl4 affording the corresponding chiral 1,2-chlorohydrins of up to 70% e. E. An interaction between SiCl4 and phosphonamides exhibiting the formation of hexacoordinated silicon species was observed by low temperature 1H, 31P and 29Si NMR studies. Good results were also obtained in the borane asymmetric reduction of a-chloroacetophenone catalyzed by chiral phosphonamides with enantioselectivities of up to 61%. These new chiral phosphonamides could also be applied in other catalytic processes involving Lewis bases
Maillard, David. "Nouveaux ligands perfluorés : synthèse et applications en catalyse". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10147.
Texto completoMattmann, Eric. "7-phosphanorbornènes : synthèse, coordination et applications en catalyse". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPXX0011.
Texto completoBoeda, Fabien. "Synthèse de ligands phosphorés : applications en catalyse asymétrique". Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S104.
Texto completoArgouarch, Gilles. "Nouvelles phosphines ferroceniques chirales applications en catalyse asymetrique". Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112416.
Texto completoLamouille, Thierry. "Nouveaux catalyseurs hétérogènes dérivés du BINAP : applications en catalyse biphasique". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10165.
Texto completoMarin, Lucile. "Réaction d’aza-Piancatelli : nouvelles applications, version diastéréosélective et utilisation en synthèse totale". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS206.
Texto completoDue to their various functionalizable sites, cyclopentenones are very useful intermediates for the synthesis of natural products of therapeutic value. In particular, 4-aminocyclopentenones enable the access to the aminocyclopentitol frameworks, which are present in a variety of bioactive molecules such as peramivir, pactamycin, or trehazolin. One of the most efficient methods to access 4-aminocyclopentenones is the aza-Piancatelli reaction. It is based on the rearrangement of 2-furylcarbinols in the presence of a nitrogen nucleophile following a mechanism involving a 4π-conrotatory electrocyclization. In our laboratory, a simple catalytic system using a calcium complex combined with an ammonium salt was developed to gain access to these compounds. This method has many advantages : it is effective (yields up to 98%), fast (15 to 30 minutes), it requires only 1 mol% of catalyst under pratical conditions (undistilled solvents without an inert atmosphere) on a large scale (multi-gram). In this context, we sought to extend the scope of this reaction by designing more complex 2-furylcarbinols in order to directly access skeletons of bioactive compounds. In particular, we focused on the total synthesis of jogyamycin. In addition, we achieved the total synthesis of bruceollin D with an overall yield of 16% over five steps. We also developed a new reaction sequence involving an aza-Piancatelli reaction followed by a hydroamination reaction promoted by a copper salt. This sequence provides a wide range of highly functionalized cyclopenta[b]pyrroles from readily-available 2-furylcarbinols substituted by an alkyne moiety. Following this method, 42 cyclopenta[b]pyrroles were obtained with yields up to 98%. An original feature of this transformation is related to the use of ortho-substituted anilines. Indeed, in this case, atropisomers with a diastereomeric excess superior to 20:1 could be obtained accompanied by the creation of an chiral N-C axis during the hydroamination step. To date, no other example of atropodiastereoselective synthesis of cyclopenta[b]pyrroles has been reported. During our investigations on the scope of the reaction, we noticed that cyclopenta[b]pyrroles underwent a rearrangement into cyclopenta[b]pyrrolines, following a dearomatization when hexafluoroisopropanol was used as solvent. This transformation led to 13 cyclopenta[b]pyrrolines with yields ranging from 44% to 73%. We also investigated the functionalization of the cyclopenta[b]pyrrole motif to illustrate the synthetic utility of our methodology, notably by combining this reaction sequence with a Friedel-Crafts reaction. One of the objectives of this Ph.D. was the development of an enantioselective version of the reaction. After the recent publication of three papers using chiral phosphoric acids as catalysts, we devised another approach for the asymmetric synthesis of 4-aminocyclopentenones, relying on the use of a chiral auxiliary (chiral sulfoxide) in collaboration with Dr. Wencel-Delord and Pr. Colobert (University of Strasbourg). Thus, we were able to provide the corresponding 4-aminocyclopentenones with excellent yields and diastereoselectivity
Boubekeur, Leila. "Lesiminophosphoranes : synthèse, propriétés en coordination et applications en catalyse". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPXX0020.
Texto completoKRUGER, VIRGINIE. "Synthese de nouveaux phosphetanes chiraux et applications en catalyse". Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066405.
Texto completoLachkar, David. "Synthèses, études structurales et applications catalytiques d’Organo-Polyoxométallates". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112277.
Texto completoPolyoxometalates attracting interest of more and more and this in various fields of applications. We synthesized four new families of organic polyoxometalates useful in catalysis and biochemistry. Indeed, different covalent hybrid have been isolated and used as catalysts in various chemical transformations. In oxidation reactions of alcohols (for Organo-POMs sandwich), in conjugate addition reactions (for Organo-POMs squaramides), in reductions of quinolines (for Organo-POMs diol-Amide) or in a one-Pot allylation-Oxidation reactions (for Organo- POMs palladium). In addition, NMR studies of hybrid POMs / peptides demonstrated folding of the polyglycines ligand around the POM via hydrogen bonds. The mass spectrometric study of hybrid POMs / protein demonstrated selective and certainly covalent interaction between a diazirin hybrid and Cytochrome C
Isaac, Kévin. "Synthèse d’acides phosphoriques à chiralité planaire et applications en catalyse énantioselective". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112301/document.
Texto completoChiral phosphoric acids as organocatalysts have shown high efficiency and versatility in order to catalyze a lot of reactions. Since their development in 2004, a number of chiral phosphoric acids displaying an axial or a central chirality have been synthesized. Nevertheless, there was no example of planar chiral phosphoric acids.We have developed two new families of planar chiral phosphoric acids, based on a paracyclophane scaffold and displaying a ferrocenic or a biphenylene linker. These phosphoric acids have been evaluated, as organocatalysts, in an organocatalytic reaction of quinolines reduction using Hantzsch esters. Good yields and enantiomeric excess up to 92% have been obtained. These new paracyclophane scaffolds have been used to develop chiral organomelallic catalysts, which have been engaged in gold and rhodium complexes catalysis reactions
Li, Na. "Nanoparticules d'or fonctionnelles pour les applications biomédicales et catalytiques". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0106/document.
Texto completoThe design and molecular engineering of multi-functional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is of considerable interest towards applications in nanomedicine, molecular recognition, sensing and catalysis in aqueous environments. This thesis has been devoted to a variety of functionnalizations, in particular with the copper(I)-catalyzed Alkyne Azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) using thecatalyst [Cu(I)(hexabenzyltren] Br for the introduction of polyethylene glycol,carborane, ferrocene, coumarin, cyclodextrin, drugs and fluorescent probes. The so called “clicked” ligands, 1,4 -bifunctional triazoles, that were formed in this way have been exensively used to stabilize AuNPs for biomedical and catalytic collaborative applications
Eymery, Frédéric. "Synthèses de phosphines hydrosolubles, phosphorylées, sulfinées et carboxylées : applications en catalyse biphasique". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPXX0036.
Texto completoBoubekeur, Leila. "Les iminophosphoranes : synthèse, propriétés en coordination et applications en catalyse". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001980.
Texto completoCabrera, Armando. "Génération électrochimique de complexes du cobalt applications en catalyse homogène". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375962033.
Texto completoPenciu, Alexandra. "Amidophosphines dérivés de sucres : synthèses et applications en catalyse organométallique". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10046.
Texto completoBayardon, Jérôme. "Synthèse de ligands fluorés énantiopurs et applications en catalyse asymétrique". Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10235.
Texto completoPasc, Andreea. "Nouveaux assemblages moléculaires fluorés : ingénierie, morphologies et applications en catalyse". Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30041.
Texto completoThe aims of this work consist in using the unique properties of fluorocarbon chains for the design of new supramolecular architectures applied in the field of surfactants or in catalysis. Firstly we were interested in the synthesis and the study of amphiphilic properties of new mixtes fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon surfactants. These original systems present a double interest: both theoretical, in the comprehension of factors governing the aggregation phenomena and applied, in formulation or vectorisation. Secondly we investigated the engineering of Langmuir films starting from fluorinated salen-Mn(III) complexes and there catalytic properties in the epoxidation reaction. The substrate to oxidize and the co-oxidant were solubilized in the subphase whereas the catalyst was organised as a monolayer at the air/water interface. The originality of our method consist in using Langmuir films as catalyst and evaluate the reactivity and the catalytic efficiency of these monolayers to respect to the organisation (compactness and orientation of the amphiphile at the interface level). This study is the first example of a catalytic monolayer. This methodology could be extended to other catalyst
Cabrera, Armando. "Génération électrochimique de complexes du cobalt : applications en catalyse homogène". Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10128.
Texto completoLe, Coz Erwann. "Chimie de coordination du baryum : synthèse et applications en catalyse". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S052/document.
Texto completoHeavy alkaline earth metals chemistry (calcium, strontium and barium) has been described as difficult and unpredictable for a long time, unlike the chemistry of magnesium, their lightest congener. However, in the last decades, many complexes based heavy alkaline earth metals have emerged as effective precatalysts for many applications and organic transformations (polymerization, hydroelementation, dehydrogenating coupling, etc.). This thesis describes the synthesis and study (experimental and theoretical) of new low-coordinate barium complexes based on electron-poor alkoxide ligands. The study of these compounds has improved our understanding of the different phenomena required to stabilize such compounds. Then, two new dehydrocoupling systems BO-H/H-Si and SiO-H/H-Si were developed and studied. These systems have allowed the catalytic formation of borasiloxanes and asymmetric siloxanes in a selective manner. Finally, this work shows the synthesis and use of new ancillary ligands for the formation of stable heteroleptic barium complexes. The latter have demonstrated strong catalytic activity in hydrophosphination with TOFs up to 200 h-1 for the intermolecular hydrophosphination of styrene by HPPh2
Le, Thanh Nghi. "Sulfilimines et sulfoximines énantiomériquement pures : synthèse et applications en catalyse". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS185/document.
Texto completoSulfoximines belong to a family of compounds with various application areas. They are used as auxiliaries or ligands for asymmetric synthesis and classified as high potential groups in biologically active compounds. Fluorinated sulfoximines are even more scarce and difficult to access, but special properties induced by fluorine, have attracted particular attention. They have been successfully used as (per)-fluoroalkylating reagent or as super-electron-withdrawing groups. However, there are only a few examples of fluorinated sulfoximines in bioactive compounds. To our knowledge, S-perfluoroalkylated sulfoximines have never been used as ligands of metals or organocatalysts so far.The Thesis focuses on the synthesis and functionalization of fluorinated sulfoximines for the preparation of chiral ligands and/or organocatalysts. It is divided into three chapters.The first chapter deals with the synthesis of enantiopure fluorinated sulfoximines and sulfilimines. During our synthesis, several methods were used, for example, separation of diastereoisomers by using camphorsulphonic acid, and the asymmetric oxidation of Kagan, Modena, Uemura as well as the asymmetric oxidizing imination. The SFC (Supercritical Fluid Chromatography) semi-preparative permits to separate the different enantiomers of fluorinated sulfilimines. Oxidation of sulfilimines led to the formation of enantiopure sulfoximines in good yields. These sulfilimines and sulfoximines are stable retaining their absolute configuration. Optical characteristics were measured and their structures were determined by X-ray diffractions. The second chapter focuses mainly on the N-functionalization of sulfoximines and their developments as organocatalysts and/or ligands for catalysis. Coupling reaction of free sulfoximines with halogenated aromatic under microwave activation led to the formation of products in good yields within short reaction time. This development has also been used to prepare chiral ligands/ organocatalysts. These new chiral fluorinated sulfoximines have been applied in catalytic processes for Friedel-Crafts reaction, Biginelli transformation and as Shibata’s asymmetric trifluoromethylation reagent. We also showed that these compounds may be used as chiral ligands or organocatalysts in Mukaiyama reaction or in Diels-Alder cycloaddition affording products in good yields.The last chapter is based on the functionalization of fluorinated sulfoximines by an ortholithiation reaction. In this part, we have demonstrated that the fluorinated sulfoximine function acts as ortho-directing group. This allowed us to access a wide variety of new ortho-substituted sulfoximine structures. Ortho-derivatives were used as reagents in Sonogashira reaction, in the preparation of novel trifluoromethylation reagents and in the synthesis of some biologically active compound analogues
Roueindeji, Hanieh. "Métaux alcalino-terreux : chimie de coordination et applications catalytiques". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1S032.
Texto completoThe organometallic chemistry of heavy alkaline-earth metals (Ae = Ca, Sr, Ba) is more challenging than that of their lighter analogue (Mg). This is due to their large ionic radii, strong electropositivity and ionic bonding which also make them highly reactive, sensitive to hydrolysis and to ligand scrambling (i.e. to Schlenk equilibrium). This PhD thesis describes the synthesis and characterization of new families of Ae complexes stabilized by ancillary ligands and secondary interactions, along with the evaluation of their performances in some challenging homogeneously-catalyzed organic reactions.A series of homoleptic and heteroleptic Ae complexes supported by fluorinated arylamides is first presented. X-ray diffraction studies show that beside the coordination of the heteroatoms, remarkably short inter- and intramolecular Ae···F–C secondary interactions provide additional kinetic stabilization.Complementing computational (DFT) studies revealed that Ae···F–C interactions are mostly electrostatic in nature. Evaluation of some of these new calcium heteroleptic complexes in the benchmark hydrophosphination reaction of styrene and diphenylphosphine evidenced high activities and full anti-Markovnikov regiospecificity under mild conditions. The second part of the work describes the study of new proligands featuring a coordinating tethered crown-ether side arm to stabilize solvent-free barium heteroleptic complexes. X-ray structural data and NMR spectroscopic analyses support the highly coordinated metal center to the bidentate ancillary ligand including contacts with the side-arm heteroatoms resulting in encapsulated Ba complexes combined with β-Si–H···Ae secondary interactions. These original complexes showed rewarding results in hydrophosphination reactions
Ibrahim, Farah. "Synthèse de nouveaux matériaux de type calix-salens et applications en catalyse asymétrique hétérogène". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112002/document.
Texto completoChiral salen complexes have been intensively studied because they constitute one of the main catalyst families that can be used to prepare valuable, highly enantioenriched synthons. In line with the idea of green chemistry, one major goal is now to establish efficient procedures for the recovery and reuse of such catalysts. Several heterogenization procedures have been described that involve the modification of the salen structures through covalent grafting or non-covalent interactions with various supports. Another approach consists in the preparation of polymers from appropriately modified salen or corresponding complexes. In this context, the most common procedure involves polycondensation reactions between properly modified diamines and disalicylaldehyde derivatives.We have thus developed a polymer synthetic methodology by polycondensation of various modified disalicylaldehyde derivatives with different chiral diamines. Maldi-Tof analyses showed that the targeted polymers possessed a macrocyclic structure, named calix-salen, in a mixture of 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-mers. These new chiral calixsalen derivatives have been complexed with chromium and cobalt salts and tested as heterogeneous catalysts in asymmetric reactions (Henry Reaction, Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution). After reduction of the imine functions, the corresponding reduced catalysts will be complexed with copper salts and tested to promote the Henry reaction for a comparison of the efficiency of both catalysts type. Their recyclability was examine
Benaissa, Idir. "Ligands imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidènes fonctionnalisés : synthèse, chimie de coordination et applications en catalyse à l'or(I)". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30194.
Texto completoThis PhD work concerns the chemistry of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and its main objective consists in the development of new NHC ligands based on the imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene (IPy) platform whose position 5 is functionalized by an anionic or neutral, and potentially chiral barbituric heterocycle. The major advantage of this rigid bicyclic structure lies in the "L-shaped" geometry of the generated ligands, which is particularly well adapted to gold (I) catalysis. In a first time, the chemistry of an achiral version of this family is reported. After describing the synthetic pathway to the zwitterionic precursors, the anionic and neutral gold(I) complexes supported respectively by an anionic NHC and neutral NHC ligands obtained by C- and O-functionalization of the malonate part of the barbiturate heterocycle were synthesized and characterized. The comparative study of these complexes as pre-catalysts in alkyne hydroelementation and domino reaction reactions, involving cycloisomerization of 1,6-enyne followed by nucleophilic addition, showed that the O-methylated ligand complex is the best in the series, as well as superior to conventional NHCs in both activity and selectivity (TON and TOF). The remarkable efficacy of these Au(I) complexes has been rationalized by the electronic and steric stabilization of the active species of cationic gold(I) by the NHC ligand. In a second step, the oxidation process of Au(I) to Au(III) complexes using an external oxidant was studied in detail, and showed that the anionic ligand rearranged from monodentate in Au(I) complex to LX-type bidentate ligand in Au(III) complexes, resulting from a deformation of the barbituric heterocycle and rehybridization of the central malonic carbon atom. This behavior is general as soon as the coordination geometry of the metal center leaves a cis coordination site next to the carbenic center. The complexes of Pd(II), Rh(I), Ir(I) and Mn(I) are thus synthesized and characterized. Structural analysis of the complexes shows that the degree of malonic carbon hybridization is a function of the electrophilicity of the metal, with a more pronounced sp3 character when the electron-density on the metal is lower. A library of three chiral ligands has been synthesized from (S)-(-)-1-phenylethylamine as the source of chiral information through a convergent synthesis strategy similar to that of achiral derivatives. The corresponding Au(I) complexes have been synthesized and used as pre-catalysts in 1,6-enyne domino reactions and provide access to good yields and enantiomeric excesses of up to 70%. In parallel, the reactivity of the 5-bromoimidazo[1,5-a]pyridinium platform with malonate esters and 2-arylacetate esters has been developed. This study proves the intermediacy of free NHCs as reaction intermediates in the synthesis of fused heterotricyclic mesoionic compounds
Taakili, Rachid. "Synthèse, chimie de coordination et applications en catalyse de nouveaux systèmes NHC-Ylure de phosphonium". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30165.
Texto completoThis work is part of the chemistry of electron-rich neutral carbon ligands represented on the one hand by N-heterocyclic carbenes (C-sp2) and on the other hand by phosphonium ylides (C-sp3). The main objective is to develop a general method for the synthesis of polydentate ligands incorporating these two strongly coordinating carbon units and to prepare corresponding stable complexes with a view to applications in homogeneous catalysis. The first chapter proposes a bibliographical study on the electronic/steric properties, the different synthesis methods and coordination modes, as well as the main applications in homogeneous catalysis of these two families of carbon ligands. In the second chapter, a general synthesis method based on the introduction of a flexible propyl spacer connecting the two coordinating NHC and phosphonium ylide donors and allowing access to new C,C- chelating NHC-phosphonium ylide ligands and their related complexes is described. This strategy is successfully applied in both bidentate and tetradentate series. Taking advantage of this straightforward strategy, the third chapter is devoted to the preparation of new pincer complexes whose backbone is built from a NHC core associated with a phosphonium ylide end, the second coordinating end being either identical to the first one or of a different nature, such as a NHC, phosphine, or phenolate. The electronic properties of these pincer ligands are then analyzed using experimental and theoretical tools and the activity of the corresponding palladium complexes evaluated in the catalytic allylation of aldehydes. The last part of this chapter describes access to a new family of pincer complexes based on the presence of a phosphonium ylide located in a central position. This unique architecture leads in particular to the formation of a stable palladium(II) carbonyl complex, the exact structure of which was determined by an X-ray diffraction study
Cuperly, David. "Une nouvelle réaction d'aldolisation catalysée par des complexes organométalliques. Applications en catalyse asymétrique et à la synthèse de biomolécules". Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10104.
Texto completoThomasset, Amélia. "Synthèse de carbènes N-hétérocycliques chiraux et applications en catalyse asymétrique". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070636.
Texto completoDombray, Thomas. "Catalyse par les métaux de la monnaie : applications à la synthèse de molécules d'intérêt biologique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF060.
Texto completoDuring the last decade, gold catalysis has experienced significant growth in organic synthesis. Gold–catalyzed reactions can generate highly functionalized, complex molecules from simple substrates efficiently and under mild conditions. The properties of this element, arising from relativistic effects, provide to gold complexes both carbophilic and oxophilic character. This duality has been largely exploited in the laboratory in the rearrangements of alcynyloxiranes to furan or divinylcétones.By expanding this work, a new method for the synthesis of 6 and 3,6-disubstituted alpha-pyrones from beta-alcynylpropiolactones catalyzed by gold has been developed. This alpha-pyrone motif is particularly interesting as it can be found in many natural products, some of which have shown interesting biological activity. Still exploiting the duality of gold complexes, we attempted to generate motifs observed in natural substances, namely spironolactones or spirannic acetals, by modifying the substrate and internal nucleophiles. Despite several failures, we hope to develop a gold catalyzed reaction for the preparation of spironolactones. During this work, we have found a novel method for the p-methoxybenzyl ether cleavage, a protecting group of alcohol commonly used in organic synthesis. The reaction conditions using a catalytic amount of silver, compatible with many functional groups has thus been developed
Oger, Nicolas. "Utilisation des sels de diazonium en catalyse palladiée homogène et hétérogène. Préparation de graphènes et applications en catalyse hétérogène". Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=495248a8-0e97-46f5-b3a0-7d75ab18d97c.
Texto completoSince the middle of the 20th century, chemistry has played a key role in numerous discoveries from physics to medicine. Nowadays, the environmental impact of chemistry has become a major societal and scientific concern. My thesis work is part of this problem through the development of synthetic methodologies involving catalytic processes. In a first part, we developed synthetic methodologies allowing the coupling between aryl diazonium salts and olefins or boronic acids under mild and safe experimental conditions. A merit of this work was the development of innovative methodologies with the use of flow chemistry devices and the developement of heterogeneous multitask catalysts. In a second part, we performed the synthesis of functionalized graphenes from graphite. These compounds were characterized using several technics : FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XPS, XRD, solid state NMR, TGA. The catalytic activity of these materials has been studied in : (i) deamination reactions, (ii) condensation of carbonyl compounds with glycerol
Grave, Gwendoline. "Synthèse catalytique directe d'éthers à partir de glycérol et d'alcools pour des applications lubrifiantes". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCM0001.
Texto completoThe challenge of this PhD is to use glycerol, by-product of biodiesel production, to generate molecules of interest via green processes. This study is focused on the two step etherification of glycerol with alcohols over acid catalysts. The main prospect of this project is the study of the relationships between the structures of the mono-, di- and tri-ethers (MEG, DEG and TEG) and their properties for lubricant applications. The tribological properties of these products as friction modifiers have been evaluated at the TOTAL Research Center in Solaize. The formation of ethers of glycerol with alcohols has already been widely studied in the literature. To overpass the immiscibility between glycerol and fatty alcohols the first etherification has be performed with a short alcohol as a reactant, while the second has been performed with a fatty alcohol, the previously obtained mono-ethers being miscible with fatty alcohols. Thus, the formation of di- and tri-ethers of glycerol with more than twenty carbons becomes possible. In this work, the reaction parameters (ratio between reactants, the nature and amount of catalyst, and the purification) were optimized for two model reactions. The first reaction was the etherification between glycerol and 1-hexanol and the second was the etherification of the previously obtained MEG with 1-hexanol. One of the main challenges of these reactions is the separation and purification of the ethers, because of their very structures, and the presence of by-products such as oligomers of glycerol or ethers. The optimization of the purification process of the ethers has then been one of the major challenges of this work. The best purification conditions have allowed the extraction of 80% of the synthesized mono-hexyl ether from the reaction medium.The optimization of operating conditions of the various reactions used, as well as the purification of the obtained ethers, allowed the extension of the scope of reaction to several alcohols of different structures. Consequently, eighteen different samples of mono- and/or di-ethers of glycerol have been obtained and tested at the TOTAL Research Center in Solaize as friction modifiers in lubricants. These tests have led to the establishment of relationships between the chemical structure of the molecules and their tribological properties
Fortunato, Moustapha. "Préparation et applications de nouveaux xylosides comportant des aglycones fonctionnalisés pour la synthèse organique et la catalyse homogène". Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMS028.
Texto completoD-(+)xylose is a pentose abundantly present in biomass (around 25 to 30% of dry material). It presents a very
Aillard, Paul. "Synthèse de nouvelles structures hélicoïdales incorporant des fonctions phosphorées. Applications en catalyse à l'or(I)". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS070/document.
Texto completoHelicenes are ortho-fused polyaromatic compounds in which benzene rings are angularly annulated to give helically-shaped molecules.Molecular scaffolds with helical chirality have been rarely used for building phosphorus ligands and catalysts. In this context, with the purpose of accessing unprecedented chiral auxiliaries for organo- and organometallic catalysis, we have synthesized new series of phosphahelicenes. These compounds have been prepared via two differents procedures: a diastereoselective photochemical cyclization and a [2+2+2] cyclotrimerisation of alkynes, starting from phosphindole as a key building block. These phosphahelicenes have been evaluated as chiral ligand in gold promoted cyclisation reactions. These helical gold complexes proved to be highly efficient both in terms of catalytic activity and enantioselectivity in enyne cycloisomerizations, [2+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions. Phosphahelicenes have also been used in phosphine organocatalysis. Good yields and enantiomercic excesses up to 97% have been obtained in [3+2] cyclizations between olefins and allenoates
Penhoat, Maël. "Développement d'une méthodologie de synthèse diastéréosélective de structures biaryliques pontées à chiralité axiale : applications en catalyse asymétrique : applications à la synthèse d'analogues structuraux des circumdatines et benzomalvines". Rouen, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAM0011.
Texto completoWang, Qi. "Synthèse, applications catalytiques et études théoriques de nanoparticules et nanoclusters de métaux de transition". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1S029.
Texto completoThe design and synthesis of late transition-metal nanoparticles (TMNPs) have raised great interest due to their applications in catalysis, nanomedicine, sensing and photonics. Two series of “click” dendrimers have been synthesized and used to stabilize TMNPs. The ferrocenyl (Fc) terminated “click” dendrimers were used to effectuate the electronic switching of AuNPs stabilization. The triethylene glycol (TEG) terminated “click” dendrimers were used to synthesize various mono- and bi-TMNPs, which were further employed as homogeneous catalysts for H2 generation upon hydrolysis of ammonia borane. On the other hand, theoretical research using DFT calculations have been devoted to study the relationship between structure and properties of nanoclusters. With the help of the superatoms concept, icosahedral [Au32]q and [Au33]q were investigated and the stability and precise structure of some of them predicted. The ligated cluster Au32Cl8(PH3)12 was also simulated and compared with the synthesized clusters. Two different families of bi-metallic nanoalloy clusters, the [MH2Cu14(dtp)6(CCPh)6]n+ (M = Cu, Ag, Au: n = 1; M = Ni, Pd, Pt: n = 0) and [AuCu11(dtp)6(CCPh)3Cl] species. We have rationalized the stability and structure of these compounds, most of them being so far hypothetical
Faudot, dit Bel Pierre. "Développement de nouveaux complexes d'or et leurs applications en catalyse homogène". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPXX0101.
Texto completoKaddouri, Hamid. "Phosphines Butadièniques: Nouvelle méthode de synthèse, coordination et applications en catalyse". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20121.
Texto completoHoulle, Matthieu. "Synthèse de nanofilaments carbonés : applications en catalyse et en renforcement mécanique". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6262.
Texto completoSince the discovery of the fullerenes in 1985 which end up in the Nobel Prize for H. W. Kroto, R. F. Curl and R. E. Smalley in 1996, quite a lot of researches have been done on carbon nanomaterials. This thesis comes within the scope of these researches on carbon nanomaterials and is centered on two potenlial uses of these species : (i) the employ of carbon nanofilaments for the mechanical reinforcement of composite materials and (ii) the use of carbon nanofilaments as catalyst support for industrial processes. The second research topic develloped during this thesis divides in three chapters : a first chapter dealing with the synthesis and characterizations of new catalysts supported on carbon nanofilaments. Then a second chapter is presenting the catalytic tests realized with the previously prepared catalysts compared with more classic supports. Finally a last chapter is dedicated to the first results obtained in the use of carbon nanofilament s in the field of electrocatalysis. As a conclusion, this thesis ends with a list of the diverse prospects of development on the various issues considered within the manuscript. Some opportunities are also di scussed concerning the use of hybrid materials based on carbon and silicon carbide materials as weil as a broader utilization of the electron tomography technique for the characterization of catalytic systems
Hajouji, Hassane. "Synthèse de diphosphines chirales à motifs phospholyle : applications en catalyse énantiosélective". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30191.
Texto completoSIRIEIX, JULIETTE. "Amphiphiles derives de l'acide urocanique. Applications en catalyse et en dermatologie". Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30236.
Texto completoArtero, Vincent. "Polyoxometallates et oxydes organometalliques : des derives reduits aux applications en catalyse". Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066015.
Texto completoBENSARI, AHLEM. "Nouveaux complexes chiraux du titane : syntheses et applications en catalyse asymetrique". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112145.
Texto completoLegrand, Olivier. "Nouveaux oxydes d'ortho-hydroxyarylphosphines chiraux, synthèse et applications en catalyse asymétrique". Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30046.
Texto completoLambert, Romain. "Nouveaux copolymères et nanostructures dérivés de liquides ioniques à base d'imidazoliums : applications en catalyse et comme additifs conducteurs ioniques". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0306/document.
Texto completoPoly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) in the form of random copolymers, single chain nanoparticles(SCNPs), or self assembled block copolymers have been used as N-heterocyclic carbenes(NHCs) precursors for the purpose of organic and organometallic catalysis. Introducing acetate derivative counter anion in imidazolium based PIL units enable in situ generation of catalyticallyactive NHC. SCNPs have been specially designed along two strategies including, firstly, a self quaternization reaction involving two antagonists groups supported on to the polymer chain and,secondly, an organometallic complexation featuring palladium salt. Both polymeric precursors were obtained using RAFT as controlled polymerization method. Amphiphilic block copolymers composed of a PIL block functionalized by palladium have been synthesized by RAFT and self-assembled in water, leading to micellar structures. Confinement effect has been demonstrated through Suzuki and Heck coupling in water showing kinetic gain compared to molecular homologue in addition to an easier recycling method.Finally, PIL-benzimidazolium based block copolymers with lithium bis(trifluoromethane)-sulfonylimide anion have been developed as ionic conductor doping agent for PS-PEO matrix. Thin films blends with minimum doping agent amount led to optimum ionic conductivity owing tolong range order