Tesis sobre el tema "Apprentissage adulte"
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Bélanger, France. "Développement et expérimentation d'un cours en formation continue auprès de conseillers agricoles selon l'approche par problèmes". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Buscar texto completoJean, Stéphane. "Présentation itérative de la figure complexe de Rey : étude des capacités d'apprentissage visuo-perceptives de deux adultes porteurs d'une lésion frontale hémisphérique droite /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/17751318R.html.
Texto completoEn tête du titre : Université du Québec, mémoire présenté comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en psychologie offerte à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières. CaQTU Comprend des réf. bibliogr. : p. 106-116.
Tremblay, Karine. "Mesure de l'apprentissage en mémoire visuelle selon une méthode itérative de présentation de la figure complexe de Rey chez des adultes porteurs d'une lésion temporale droite /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Texto completoMandairon, Nathalie. "Modulation fonctionnelle de la neurogénèse dans le bulbe olfactif de mammifère adulte". Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10108.
Texto completoMoreno, Mélissa. "Mécanismes neuronaux sous-tendant l'apprentissage perceptif olfactif chez la souris adulte". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10102/document.
Texto completoThe olfactory bulb is the target of a well described adult neurogenesis which has been involved in different kinds of learning. We focused on the role of adult neurogenesis on olfactory perceptual learning which consists on an improvement of olfactory discrimination after odor enrichment. We found that experience-driven improvement in olfactory discrimination (perceptual learning) requires the addition of newborn neurons in the olfactory bulb. More specifically, we showed that adult-born neurons are required for perceptual learning by modulating the inhibition of mitral cells by granule cells. Then, we studied the role of noradrenaline on perceptual learning. Direct manipulation of noradrenergic transmission significantly effect on adult-born neuron survival and perceptual learning. Finally, we investigated the effect of aging on perceptual learning. We found that perceptual learning was impaired by aging in line with an alteration of neurogenesis. However, noradrenergic stimulation restores perceptual learning without modulating neurogenesis suggesting compensatory mechanisms. Neural mechanisms underlying perceptual learning involve neurogenesis and noradrenergic system to allow an increase of mitral cell inhibition thanks to the granule cells leading to an improvement of odor discrimination. During aging, perceptual learning can be restored suggesting that the olfactory system is still plastic
Dupret, David. "Etude des relations réciproques entre neurogénèse adulte et fonctions hippocampiques". Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21431.
Texto completoThe dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampal formation (HF) is one of the few regions where an ongoing neurogenesis persists throughout adulthood. So far, the functional implication of hippocampal newborn neurons remains misunderstood. My work aimed to examine the reciprocical relationship adult neurogenesis and hippocampal functions. In particular I examined : 1) the causal relationship between adult neurogenesis and both the physiology and pathophysiology of hippocampal functions and, 2) whether hippocampo-dependent spatial learning influences the different steps of neurogenesis. First, we developed an original transgenic approach allowing specific ablation of adult hippocampal precursors cells. We found that depleted adult neurogenesis impairs spatial relational memory and increases anxiety-like responses. We discussed the putative implication of hippocampal newborn neurons in information processing. Second, we found that adult neurogenesis is regulated by spatial learning. Indeed, learning in the water maze modulates the fate of new neurones by selecting them for either survival or death depending on their level of integration when performances are stabilized. More precisely, apoptotic removal of young newborn neurones is required for both the survival of older ones and the stabilization of spatial performances. Such a learning-dependent regulation of adult neurogenesis is discussed in the context of selective stabilisation. Overall, my work shows that adult neurogenesis is a unique example of structural plasticity involved in both the physiology and pathophysiology of hippocampal functions
Grelat, Anne. "Rôle et connectivité des néo-neurones formés à l’âge adulte dans le bulbe olfactif". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS431.
Texto completoOlfaction is an important sensory modality in rodents. During odor-dependent learning, a positive value is commonly assigned to an odorant, and multiple forms of plasticity are involved when such odor–reward associations are formed. In the olfactory bulb, one of the mechanisms underlying plasticity consists in recruiting new neurons daily throughout life. The aim of this thesis was to determine the specific properties of these adult-born neurons, structurally and functionally. In a first study, we demonstrated that exposure to reward-associated odors specifically increases activity of adult-born neurons. Moreover, adult-born neuron activation during rewarded odor presentation heightens discrimination learning and enhances the ability to update the odor value during reversal association. Together, these results show the specific involvement of adult-born neurons in odor-reward association. In a second study, we investigated whether this functional role could result from a particular connectivity. We used a retrograde tracing technique to label the presynaptic partners of adult-born granule cells. Thus, we showed that centrifugal fibers contacting the adult-born granule cells are more numerous than those contacting their counterparts born during development. Collectively, these results demonstrate that adult neurogenesis endows the olfactory system with the capacity to facilitate associative learning, probably due to a unique connectivity
Decoppet, Nathalie. "Les effets d'âge d'acquisition de la forme orthographique des mots : illusion ou réalité ? : une approche développementale de la construction des mémoires orthographiques entre l'enfance et l'âge adulte". Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/decoppet_n.
Texto completoOver the past two decades, an increasing number of studies have empirically established that the age at which words were learnt in childhood has an independent effect on the efficiency with which these words can be recognised and produced in adults. However, Age of Acquistion (AoA) effects in word reading have recently undergone some challenging criticism by Zevin and Seidenberg (2002). Based on their connectionist modelling, these authors have indeed argued that the AoA effects should only emerge in cases where the learning process requires memorising arbitrary patterns, which does not apply to the orthography-to-phonology mapping utilised in alphabetic systems. In an attempt to circumscribe this quite radical position, the work presented here aims to provide both an empirical description and a theoretical account of the AoA phenomenon and its origins, using new measurements specifically focused on the age at which the orthographic forms of words are learnt. Taken together, the data collected among children or adults and for different languages, plead in favour of the rehabilitation of the AoA effect in visual word recognition, but confirms simultaneously that residual influence of AoA in skilled performance indeed depends on whether what is learned about early patterns carries over in later patterns. Results are discussed in reference to the classical view of reading development supported by parallel and distributed processing networks, and some perspectives for the instruction of reading are proposed
Scotto, Lomassese Sophie. "La neurogénèse chez l'insecte adulte : régulation par l'environnement sensoriel et social et rôle fonctionnel". Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11033.
Texto completoSultan, Sébastien. "Régulation par l’apprentissage de la neurogenèse adulte dans le bulbe olfactif et rôle des nouveaux neurones". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10014.
Texto completoAdult-born neurons are added to the mammalian olfactory bulb, and their number is modulated by learning suggesting that they could play a role in olfactory memory. In this work, we demonstrate that retrieval of an associative olfactory task recruits newborn neurons in odor-specific areas of the olfactory bulb and in a manner that depends on the strength of learning. By blocking neurogenesis during this olfactory task, we then demonstrate that acquisition is not dependent on neurogenesis while long-term retention of the task is abolished by neurogenesis blockade. In a second part, using an ecological approach, we show that behaviorally breaking a previously learned odor-reward association prematurely suppresses newborn neurons selected to survive during initial learning. Our results indicate that the newborn neurons saved by olfactory learning die when the odor looses its associative value, thus confirming that these newborn neurons support the memory trace. Finally, during and after learning, cell death and BrdU positive cells were mapped in the granule cell layer. We find that regions showing high BrdU-positive cell density exhibit the lowest rate of cell death indicating local regulation of cell death shaping the spatial distribution of newborn neurons in the granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb. Taken together, our findings reveal the crucial role of bulbar adult born neurons in olfactory memory
Marques, Pereira Patricia. "Effets morphologiques et fonctionnels des RGTAs : analogues des héparanes sulfates,dans un modèle de lésion cholinergique septo-hippocampique chez le Rat adulte". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13196.
Texto completoThe first part of this work aimed at studying the effects of heparan sulfate analogs, RGTAs, in a partial immunotoxic lesion model of the cholinergic septo-hippocampal pathways. Our results showed that the partial lesion of the cholinergic neurons and of their hippocampal fibers induced a decrease of the muscarinic autoreceptors sensitivity and learning deficits (evaluated in the Hebb-Williams maze test). The learning set deficits were correlated with the cholinergic and GABAergic neurons death. RGTAs, which are able to cross the blood-brain-barrier, attenuated the cholinergic cell and fiber death and restored the muscarinic autoreceptor sensitivity. RGTAs also attenuated the GABAergic cell death occuring secondarily to a more extended cholinergic lesion. In the second part of this work, we studied the RGTAs effects on the development of intrahippocampal foetal septal cell grafts and the behavioural effects of these two treatments in an extended cholinergic lesion model. Our results showed that such an extensive lesion induced working-memory and learning-set deficits. Grafts, which appeared well integrated in the host tissue, tended to attenuate working memory deficits, but had no effects on learning-set performance. Unfortunately, no RGTAs effects were demonstrated on the development of the grafts or on the mnesic processes. Taken together, these results confirm that the cholinergic and also GABAergic components of the septo-hippocampal pathway are involved in memory processes. RGTAs appear to be a promising tool for neuroprotection in the central nervous system. However, the question of beneficial effects of RGTAs at a behavioural level remains to be addressed in other testing models
Marie-Pierre, Feuvrier. "Éducation des adultes au bonheur : modélisation du bonheur, caractérisation des modalités et des principes d’apprentissage". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6806.
Texto completoBernard, François-Xavier. "L'impact cognitif des dispositifs médiatiques sur les enfants d'âge préscolaire en situation d'apprentissage avec un adulte : étude d'un cas de simulateur informatique dans le contexte d'une exposition scientifique". Phd thesis, Paris 5, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00258740/en/.
Texto completoSevelinge, Yannick. "L'odeur de la peur : Neurobiologie du conditionnement de peur à l'odeur chez le rat adulte et conséquences à long-terme des expériences néonatales". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944142.
Texto completoEngone, Jeannot. "Anthropologie cognitive et l'apprentissage des langues-cultures en situation de diglossie au Gabon". Thesis, Artois, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ARTO0103.
Texto completoThe learning of cultural languages today often leads research to focus on the problem of acquiring knowledge. This issue has been the subject of numerous studies in Gabon in the linguistic and anthropological perspective of the knowledge acquisitions disseminated by cultural languages and their relations with the individual and collective construction of a Gabonese cultural identity. The conclusions reached by most of these studies are that the only solution to hope to guarantee a survival of Gabonese languages-cultures is their introduction into the education system as languages-cultures of teaching and learning. learning. Our thesis lays down the same problem in a context characterized by the programmed extinction, in the short term, of most of the 52 cultural languages that Gabon has. However, it examines a new dimension which is that of exploring the impact of the knowledge disseminated by cultural languages in a diglossic situation through transmissive and acquisitional interactions. Also, Gabon's diglossic situation exposes two types of knowledge: so-called socio-cultural knowledge that emanates from the languages-ethnic cultures; the so-called scholarly knowledge provided by the French language-culture of compulsory schooling. The interest of this new perspective that our work develops is due to the fact that it considers in a very relevant way, the way in which access to cultural languages in a diglossie situation allows, in the child-learner, access to knowledge (sociocultural and academic) by promoting a balanced socialization, which is the substrate of the modeling of its social, cultural and linguistic thinking
Lunion, Steeve. "Enrichissement environnemental, performances cognitives et neurogenèse hippocampique adulte chez un modèle murin du syndrome de Coffin-Lowry". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T034/document.
Texto completoThe Coffin-Lowry Syndrome is a rare syndromic form of X-linked intellectual disability. This syndrome is caused by mutations of the Rsk2 gene that encodes a protein kinase, RSK2, in the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Characterization of the behavioural phenotype of Rsk2-KO mice mainly showed that they display delayed acquisition and long-term deficits in a spatial reference memory task, suggesting an alteration in hippocampal function. Here, we show that Rsk2-KO mice are also deficient in a learning and memory task that involves dentate gyrus-dependent pattern separation function. Several studies showed the formation of new neurons in the adult dentate gyrus by neurogenesis is a form of plasticity that plays a significant role in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory, in particular for spatial learning and memory and pattern separation. As these functions are altered in Rsk2-KO mice, we studied hippocampal adult neurogenesis in these mice. No difference in proliferation, survival and maturation of newborn neurons was found in the dentate gyrus of the mutant mice in basal conditions, nor after a pattern separation task. However, we found a deficit in the survival of newborn cells in Rsk2-KO mice submitted to spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze task. According to several studies, environmental enrichment in rodents has beneficial effects on cognitive performance and is associated with an enhancement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Thus, we assessed the potential effect of environmental enrichment on spatial learning and memory performance and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Rsk2-KO mice. Our results show that an environmental enrichment protocol of 3h per day during 24 days can rescue or ameliorate spatial learning and memory performance and pattern separation function in Rsk2-KO mice and increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Walski, Jennifer A. "Apprentissage et perfectionnement d'une langue étrangère par les adultes en autonomie guidée". Bordeaux 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR30023.
Texto completoLanguage is seen as a system of options, the individual elements of which are understood in relation to their use in communication. Language learning is seen a process, the eventual construction of grammatical functions in the individual learner dependent on sufficient encounters with language in authentic situations in order to see patterns developing as well as on interaction of the learner with le language itself. The construction of individual functions develops over a period of tinme, their consolidation dependent on recognition of patterns gleaning of examples and use. Listening to the language can provide the adult learner of a second language with the necessary input. The period for the construction of individual functions, however, can be shortened by encouraging the learner to use his analytic powers on examples taken from context and by incorporating generalisations about the language into the pedagogic material prepared by the teachers. The s. A. P. A. G. (service d'apprentissage et perfectionnement en autonomie guidee), a service independant of any classroom teaching, is the application of the above theories
Dupeyrat, Caroline. "Conceptions de l'intelligence, orientations de buts et apprentissage autorégulé chez l'adulte en reprise d'études". Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20009.
Texto completoFrayssinhes, Jean. "Les pratiques d'apprentissage des adultes en FOAD : effet des styles et de l'auto-apprentissage". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00636549.
Texto completoEscoffier, Sandrine. "Dyade et enseignement/apprentissage du français langue étrangère aux adultes : étude d'un genre didactique". Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030043.
Texto completoThe didatic dyad is a relation established between a teacher and a single student. In this research, we analyze dyades within a French foreign language course observed in a private training institute. The study is based on a corpus of four sessions with four different adult students. Each student had completed about thirty hours of course work at the time of the recordings. We initially analyze the framework, the scene of the courses and the roles of the actors through the sociology goffmanienne. Indeed these dyadic courses are not conducted in rooms adapted to groups (classes) but in rooms of the size of an office conceived for this relation. Ethnomethodology is used to collect the ethnomethodes implemented by the actors in order to conform to the dyadic situation and to make it function as a didactic situation. Following this first approach to the dyad, the corpus is analyzed using the tools of conversational analysis in order to study the actions of teaching/learning and to see how teacher and student co-build their roles. Lastly, we analyze the phases of variation identified in the interaction. They are periods during which the social character of the student and the theacher appear in the didactic interaction. These periods, which are caused by a too intense cognitive load for the student and the monotony of the rythms of interactions, generate changes in the contents and the management of the interaction, in particular the distribution of the turn taking. Thus, we study the dyadic relation in a complete way from the perspective which includes the management of the relation of the roles and the face of each participant
Kaplan, Jonathan. "L'autodirection dans les apprentissages coopératifs : le cas des Cercles d'Etudes". Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100173/document.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to shed light on self-direction in learning within its collective dimension. Study Circles have been used for over one hundred years, mainly in Sweden. Studies on this model in French are lacking. One goal for this re- search is to ?ll in on this de?ciency. We have initiated 11 Study Circles in France, in naturalistic settings, on different themes and within different contexts, to study the effects of a varying presence or absence of a Reference Person to the Field of Study (RPFS) on the regulation and perceptions of the learning by 53 participants.The research indicates that the degree of anticipation of group processes and its collective nature, and the frequency of co-evaluation, are higher in Study Circles with no RPFS. A study of perceptions of learning reveals differences mainly linked to other variables. A high level of learner satisfaction manifests itself independently of RPFS modalities. This research reveals that contrary to what one may expect, the presence of a domain speci?c specialist (teacher or instructor) did not favor a perception of quantitatively greater or more diversi?ed learning, or greater satisfaction. Lastly, it is suggested to ex- tend the concept of self-direction to include a collective dimension. This co-direction, borne by a cooperative and democratic quality of relations, is the basis for communal agency
Hillairet, De Boisferon Anne. "Apprentissage multisensoriel de lettres et de formes abstraites chez les jeunes enfants et les adultes". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649864.
Texto completoHillairet, de Boisféron Anne. "Apprentissage multisensoriel de lettres et de formes abstraites chez les jeunes enfants et les adultes". Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENS038.
Texto completoLearning to read in an alphabetic system requires children to understand that letters (graphemes) in written language correspond to sounds (phonemes) in oral language. To learn these novel associations requires several years of specific instruction. Using some methods early on to prepare children for this seems efficient, where the methods are designed to reinforce the link observed between perceptive and motor abilities during reading and handwriting acquisition. The main goal of this work was to understand the way manual haptic exploration of cursive letters can enhance pseudo-words decoding and handwriting fluidity in letters production in senior kindergarten children. To do so, we compared multisensory trainings involving haptic and visual modalities, in the proposed motor activities around the letters, to visual or haptic unisensory tranings. This work was realised according to two axes: for the first, in senior kindergarten children shown graphemes and phonemes, and for the second, in adults shown a new learning of unseen abstract forms and auditory stimuli. Results reveal that motor activity around letters and abstract forms does not enhance participant's memorisation despite exploratory motions intimately related to their shapes. Nevertheless, we showed in a robust way a more important associative learning of letters and sounds after a visuo-haptic exploration of letters. In addition, this enhancement is not only due to a more sequential exploration induced by the haptic modality but more to the motor activity per se. Haptic modality could be at the origin of a "binding" effect between visual and auditory stimuli. Finally, getting children into the habit of handwriting motion of cursive letters via a haptic exploration (arm robot device), enhances their handwriting fluidity. Demonstration of a static and dynamic model of letters could help children in the acquisition of some motor rules production (as strokes order and kinematics) and in the construction of more complete motor representations of letters. Taken together, results suggest a significant impact of the haptic exploration of letters in acquiring the skills of reading and handwriting and add weight to the suggestion that haptic exploration should be used in training programs designed to prepare children for acquiring these skills
Marchand, Louise. "Conception de l'apprentissage chez des apprenants adultes qui suivent des cours à distance". Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080895.
Texto completoVernet, Julien. "L'autoformation en APP [Atelier de pédagogie personnalisée] à la Réunion : quelle contribution pour le développement de l'autodirection des apprentissages ?" La Réunion, 2003. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/03_12_Vernet.pdf.
Texto completoAl-Housary, Helou Samira Bouchard Robert. "L'évolution de la cohérence textuelle dans les productions d'étudiants adultes faux débutants". Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2003. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/alhousary_s.
Texto completoTaleb, Ibrahimi Khaoula. "Apprentissage de la langue arabe par les adultes : contribution à ĺélaboration de contenus et de matériels didactiques pour ĺenseignement de la langue arabe aux adultes en Algérie". Grenoble 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE39025.
Texto completoThe purpose of this research is to present a contribution for the elaboration of syllabus and materials for teaching arabic to the adults in algeria
Muller-Mirza, Nathalie. "Psychologie culturelle d'une formation d'adulte : l'île aux savoirs voyageurs /". Paris ; Budapest ; Kinshasa [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40065726j.
Texto completoCheikhrouhou, Ikram. "Contribution à l'étude du changement conceptuel : les concepts de fermeture de circuit et de conservation de l'intensité dans un circuit en série chez les adultes, avant et après une formation en électricité". Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081497.
Texto completoSeveral verbal terms that refer to scientific concepts are also those used in everyday life. Therefore, before beginning the formal curriculum, learners have already built their own representation of some of these concepts. Formal-concept learning comes up against the existence of these preconceptions. Conceptual change is a research area studying the nature of these preconceptions and their modification after instruction. In this work, we propose to examine conceptual change by studying changes in the comprehension of two interdependent electrical concepts: closed circuit and intensity conservation of electric current in series circuit. These concepts were examined essentially in two situations. The first is familiar and aims to diagnose the subject's representations. The second situation is unfamiliar and aims to reveal the kinds of representations the subjects use to explain novel situations not usually taught. These concepts were examined for 24 novice adults before and after a two-week vocational training session in electricity. The methodology used to identify subject's representations consists of an analysis of verbalisations. These are collected with a "critical interview" method inspired by piaget's critical interrogation method. Verbalisations are analysed by describing representations in graph form and a series of symbols. Deduced on graphs, every series of symbols gives the subject's representation of intensity conservation and closed circuit notions. In the familiar situation, the results show an improvement of subject's representations especially for the closed circuit notion which seems more "acquired" than "intensity conservation". This latter notion is in contradiction with everyday experience (the materialization of electricity). This improvement suggests that conceptual change can be gradual. Nevertheless, the non-familiar situation results show the reappearance of some representations found before training. This reappearance suggests that the observed change was superficial and that the deep conceptual structures were not modified
Forest, Jérémy. "Impact of adult neurogenesis versus preexisting neurons on olfactory perception in complex or changing olfactory environment". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1326/document.
Texto completoOlfaction is a key player in behavioral adaptation. To perform tasks accurately, the olfactory system has to perform fine discrimination between very close stimuli. The discrimination performances can be enhanced through perceptual learning and a key cerebral structure in this is the olfactory bulb. This structure is the target of a specific form of plasticity that is adult neurogenesis. In this structure, adult-born neurons differentiate mostly in granule cells that regulate the activity of the relay cells. It has previously been shown that these neurons are required to perform perceptual learning. The central question of this thesis work is to elucidate both the role and the specificity of adult born neurons during complex or changing olfactory learning.We first studied the effect of complex perceptual learning on adult neurogenesis. This study demonstrated the necessity and sufficiency of adult-born neurons for simple olfactory learning. It also showed that when learning becomes complex, a larger neural network is involved requiring preexisting neurons.The olfactory environment is also changing. In a second study we investigated how the memory of an olfactory information is altered by the acquisition of a new one and what is the role of adult neurogenesis in this process. This second study highlighted the role of adult-born neurons in underlying olfactory memory and the importance of delay between learning for memory stabilization.Lastly, an approach relying on computational neurosciences aimed at outlining a computational framework explaining the role of adult-born granule cells in early olfactory transformations and how sharpened sensory representations emerge from decorrelation.To conclude, olfactory perception is changing according to environmental modifications and this plasticity is underlain by an important plasticity of the olfactory bulb circuitry due in large part to adult neurogenesis
Bonnafous, Laurence. "L'innovation en formation des adultes : modélisation de l'innovation en formation professionnelle à partir de l'étude de projets européens LEONARDO DA VINCI et EQUAL". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL12022.
Texto completoLaunched for the first time in 1994, the LEONARDO DA ViNCI European programme, more specifically its pilot projects measures, seeks to encourages the design, development and experimenting of innovative products andpractices in vocational training and education. The stated goals of the projects are to improve the quality of training, stimulate innovation in vocational training and transform European training systems. This thesis considers the phenomenon of innovation as a collective leaming process aimed at transforming European training systems via European innovation projects, viewed as "complex", that is to say as systems of various elements and actors in interaction. European innovation projects generate an unpredictable dynamic of innovation with emerging forms that are difficult to identify and anticipate. The theoretical fiamework of this doctorate is Edgar Morin's (1990) "Complex Thinking" that enables a combination of different points of views, and an interlinking of empirical data and multi- andpluridisciplinary approaches that creates models of knowledge produced. The doctoral research uses a qualitative method that harnesses an understanding of perceptions and experiences of European actors in the field, and that of theresearcher involved in promoting LEONARDO and EQUAL projects. The main results of the research show that European innovation projects for Adult Professional Training can be understood as transnational spaces of interactionsto create experimental training response that interconnects macro-, meso- and micro-levels of training engineering, design and singular uses. These projects-spaces-time can be seen as complex transformative learning systems on alarge scale consisting of at least four interconnected levels of complexity: human collectives, temporalities, spatial scales and emerging innovation processes. The study also highlights a Europeanization process of different educationand training systems and in doing this raises the question of an emerging European space for lifelong learning
Messaadi, Nassir. "Apprentissages en situations informelles et construction de soi : cas des personnes atteintes de diabète". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12024/document.
Texto completoSchool is far from being the only place where human beings acquire knowledge. Learning, begins at birth and continues throughout life. Over time, the person accumulates knowledge that he or she calls on to respond to new problems that in fact contribute to the emergence of a new knowledge and to revise that already acquired. The daily confrontation with an illness questions the different dimensions and components of identity and generates periods of identity turbulence, which we have assumed to constitute favorable moments for learning. On the basis of this hypothesis, our thesis aims at making intelligible the interactions between identity processes, learning in informal situations and the relation to illness. A qualitative method is used based on semi-directive interviews. On the one hand, the thesis analyzes the strategies put in place by people with diabetes to requalify the relationship with themselves, with others and the different environments. On the other hand the subjective experience of a person's trajectory in its different spatio-temporal dimensions is resignified
Uzé, Madeleine. "Etude diachronique d'un apprentissage tardif de la lecture et de l'écriture chez des adolescents et adultes dits "handicapés mentaux" essai d'analyse linguistique des énonciations orales et écrites d'un groupe d'apprenants /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376016724.
Texto completoBardou, Almela Frédérique. "L'acquisition de la catégorie D et son trait de définitude par les apprenants adultes de langues asiatique et slave en apprentissage du français L2". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24741.
Texto completoSenos, Stéphanie. "Enseignement-apprentissage de la langue-culture française : analyse ethnographique de la communication verbale et non verbale de formateurs en français pour les migrants adultes". Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/3ac3a02f-5e5e-43f3-b657-0551bd61e80b/blobholder:0/2013LIMO2010.pdf.
Texto completoThis work focuses on teaching French as a foreign language to adults in a migratory context. Observing that communication is the major problem for a teacher, the analysis will centre on verbal and non-verbal communication in teaching-learning situations. Considering that the feeling of imbalance is the starting point of any learning, this study will be mainly concerned with the concept of universal-singular in connection with the theory of culture shock. The ethnographic analysis of discourse practices and actual teachers’ practices for adult migrants in French informs us about teachers’ methodologies and the role they ascribe to languages and cultures in training sessions. This analysis shows that a comparative intercultural approach, relying on a task-based approach and the contextualized meaning of language seems to be propitious to the teaching-learning of the French language and culture, regarding bi-multilingual adult learners, who were more or less educated previously in a monolingual context
Brun, Bénédicte. "Un scénario pédagogique intégrant le français et l'histoire en vue d'améliorer les repères culturels des adultes inscrits en formation de base diversifiée". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6405.
Texto completoPinot, Bénédicte. "Vie quotidienne au travail et apprentissage dans les communautés professionnelles : l'exemple du réseau des « Ateliers de Pédagogie Personnalisée »". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0028.
Texto completoThe « Ateliers de Pédagogie Personnalisée » or APP network, celebrating its 30th anniversary in 2015, provides an « informal » dynamic of collective training. That training framework, founded by stakeholders in lifelong guidance, professional insertion and training, to answer to the malaise of the angry youth, has been gradually extended to the national territory. Fed from self-expression among stakeholders in the APP network of Upper Normandy, this inductive research brings a new perception of this professional group.We have highlighted a connection between the form of the APP collective and the role of the shared vision, called « APP spirit ». The reason of this connection would be an informal learning process, with on one side a buddy system ; on the other side « autoformation sociale existentielle » of the collective. We have seen how the idea emerges of an informal « professional community » APP in which a rhizome would develop, i.e. an underground configuration of « social privacy spaces » seen as local learning places. This community » would be a group with a cultural history, core values, a collective identity and a specific professional nature due to its professional « practices ». The sustainability of the APP network could be mainly linked to this specific form of learning
Lalileche, Nadir. "Enseignement-apprentissage donnant accès au diplôme initial de langue française et appropriation linguistique des primo-arrivants : analyse de la situation dans les centres de formation". Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084060.
Texto completoThere appeared fifty years, language training for migrants has continued to adapt to social change. Away gradually literacy classes provided by volunteers in the 1960s, she became our day a regulated activity conducted by professionals with common goals. The research is particularly interested in a recent language training, which is aimed at newcomers adults with low or never enrolled in their country of origin. This PhD thesis analyzes some aspects of the organization of language training in centers and teaching context. It also analyzes the social context of the learners. His questions concern the reasons for the poor results of people with little or no schooling DILF is yet for their. This research presents the results of a survey of training centers thirty departments of France, to which 70 trainers participated. It is supplemented by a study of multi-site case study linguistic appropriation of three different school learners. Research hypotheses formulated and analysis of data show that learning French and success in DILF for people with little or no schooling depends in particular on the degree of adaptation of teaching / learning to their specific language needs. It is subjected to, inter alia, human and material management of training centers as well as knowledge and skills of trainers. Moreover, this research identifies the levels of education of learners / social environment / success in DILF (reports). It shows that the higher the level of education, the greater the contact with the French is common and sought-after by learners. On the other hand, oral and writting is not the same: in oral reception, contact with the language is even more important than the school education is low, unlike oral interaction often increases as the education is important. On the other hand, the level of education privileges more ownership of writing skills than oral skills
Ardouin, Thierry. "Identité professionnelle des enseignants de l'apprentissage : essai de typologie". Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080931.
Texto completoThis thesis focusses on teachers in training schools, the very operational actors in this educational system and the analysis of professional situations as an indication of the construction of professional identities. The introduction sets down our problem and field of investigation which in a psychosocial and socio-educational approach shows the actors' performances confronted to the evolution of their job environment. The first part deals with the elements of the evolution of apprenticeship, the alternating educational system and the different approach of the identity concept. The second part is the methodological construction of the research. Finally the two parts show the results on the situation and the teachers' professional identity in training schools and a typology of their identity construction towards the alternating educational system
Morin, Isabelle. "L'évolution de l'estime de soi à travers le processus scolaire chez des adultes ayant rencontré des difficultés d'ordre scolaire /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1999. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Texto completoTurmel, Hélène. "Apprendre ailleurs et autrement : l’évolution du rapport au savoir de jeunes adultes non diplômés du secondaire". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11952.
Texto completoHolgado, Otilia. "Analyse didactique de l'activité en formation professionnelle : le cas de l'apprentissage des Systèmes d'Information Géographique". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00732890.
Texto completoGiraldo, Cadavid Diana. "L'apprentissage des jeunes adultes colombiens dans leur pratiques quotidiennes sur le web". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20047.
Texto completoThis doctoral thesis aims to understand the daily Web practices of young adults, in relation to their learning through digital resources and tools. The context of this study is Colombia, a country where the integration of Internet in everyday life is a relatively recent phenomenon, but where youth are the largest group of users. We are particularly interested in young people between 19 to 25 years of age, undergraduate students and from middle classes in urban areas. From a communicational perspective, we propose an analysis of their learning as a process which is socially and culturally rooted and inseparable from their identity construction. First, we inquire about the spheres of socialization, the technologies, the usages, the social practices and the cultural values involved. Thus, we consider their digital practices as experienced and perceived by them in everyday life. The analysis also focuses on their online production practices, such as writing blogs or sharing in digital networks, as well as their cultural consumption on the Web. We highlight the active behavior adopted by young people to respond to the abundance, the diversity, the convergence, and the constant change of the media and technological offer. Finally, we examine the skills acquired and developed by them. We explore how they manage their own learning process and develop a reflexive attitude about their Web usage. Thereby, this work seeks to contribute to a better understanding of how digital resources and tools allow young people to acquire new social roles and, therefore, to build a new relationship to knowledge and culture
Haidar, Hani. "Le projet d’orientation des jeunes lycéens au Liban et son devenir chez les adultes libanais expatriés à Paris". Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100052.
Texto completoThis present thesis discusses the formation of the orientation project of young high school students in Lebanon, and its future for the Lebanese adults expatriates in Paris. Our primary question is how the orientation project has evolved from the young age into adulthood? Two surveys has been conducted. The first relates to the representations done by the young high school seniors, concerning the influence of social learning on the elaboration of their orientation project. The social learning takes place in two social contexts: the family and the school. This learning is divided into two types: the first is instrumental, that includes the mastering of a scholar subject and the practice of a cultural activity. The second is associative, composed of the imitation of a professional and the identification of a prestigious profession. This is a quantitative survey which allow us to show the representations of the young students according to their belonging to one or the other social groups, such as gender, types of school public/private, the followed branch scientific/literature, the socio-professional origin and the level of success. The second survey is qualitative, it concerns a sample of twelve Lebanese adult expatriates in Paris that were old senior high school students in Lebanon, it is a complimentary survey to the first one. This second surveys’ objective is to provide, from the evocation of the adults surveyed, a meaning to the process of formation and evolution with the advancing age. The data analysis of the survey was approached through a thematic analysis which determine the themes of analysis in relation with the hypothesis concerning the second survey. A singular vertical analysis is preliminary to a second horizontal analysis, which allow us to cross-reading the entire interviews conducted with the adults surveyed
Lago, Davide. "La contribution d’Henri Desroche à l’éducation des adultes : de la recherche de la “communauté” à la recherche “compagnonnique” : un modèle d’apprentissage permanent". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10254.
Texto completoThis research aims at identifying the contribution of Henri Desroche (Roanne 1914-Paris 1994) to adult education, within his extensive scientific work. In particular, after focusing on keywords such as community and companionship in his work, the contexts which led to the creation (1958) and the development of Collège Coopératif of Paris, of DHEPS (Diplôme des Hautes Etudes des Pratiques Sociales) and of the Université Cooperative Internationale (UCI) have been analyzed. In conclusion, the possibilities of transferability in Italy of Desrochian intuitions have been outlined. This study is a part of the history of educational institutions. The adopted methodology consisted in the analysis of the most “educational” works of Henri Desroche (as well as his early work, which proved to be very illuminating) and of the author’s literature. It also includes interviews with Desroche’s colleagues and the researchers that continued his work. Theoretical and practitioner at the same time, Henri Desroche studied Marxism, the sociology of religions and social economy, with a particular attention to the various forms of cooperation in the religious, economical and educational fields
Mercier, Jean-Pierre. "Pratiques de l'écrit de jeunes mères de retour en formation dans Ma place au soleil". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6846.
Texto completoMedaets, Chantal. "Malgré les adultes : une ethnographie des situations non scolaires d'apprentissage chez les riverains du bas-Tapajós (Amazonie brésilienne)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB214/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis I analyze learning practices that take place in the everyday life (outside of school or other institutional setting) of three villages in the Amazonian region of the Tapajós River basin in Brazil. I examine, particularly, the transmission of practical knowledge (hunting, fishing, agricultural tasks), the art of storytelling, the sense of hierarchy and the acquisition of emotional control. In depth observation of interactions between more experimented persons and novices, whatever their age, reveal a way of learning that can seem paradoxical. While the learners may be keen participant observers, more experimented persons, who serve as role models somewhat despite themselves, display little interest in collaborating with novices or evince much empathy for them. Mistakes are scarcely tolerated. Clumsiness or bungling immediately trigger sarcastic comments from the more experienced, who position themselves as "masters knowledge", a knowledge they share with parsimony, only when their immediate interest is at stake. The hypothesis that stems from my fieldwork is that this unusual learning modality can only be understood if we consider broader aspects of social relationships among peoples of the Tapajós ; relations that are marked by hierarchy between generations and an interactional style tinted with antagonism and mockery. The way of learning I named "despite adults" contribute decisively to the novices' acquisition of valued competences. These competences are directly implied in the construction of personhood among the river-dwellers of the Tapajós, even if they don't appear in any of the divers representations they make of themselves
Esta tese apresenta uma etnografia de situações de aprendizagem não escolares na região do rio Tapajós (estado do Pará). Da observação das interações entre pessoas mais e menos experientes, quaisquer que sejam suas idades, é possível depreender uma modalidade de aprendizagem própria a essas populações que, à primeira vista, parece sem dúvida paradoxal. Os mais experientes não facilitam em nada o processo de aprendizagem daqueles que são, às vezes muito pouco, menos experientes que eles. Na verdade, qualquer que seja a diferença de idade ou de competência (e mesmo entre pais e filhos), o que se observa é que aqueles que têm mais traquejo e experiência impedem ou dificultam muito a participação de qualquer pessoa que eles consideram ainda "não garantir" uma performance adequada na atividade em questão. Erros são mal tolerados; nada mais distante da modalidade local de aprendizagem que a ideia de que "é errando que se aprende". Nas interações quotidianas o sarcasmo é manifesto e é nesse registro, com provocações ou com deboche, que os deslizes são recebidos. No Tapajós, as pessoas mais experientes se comportam assim como "donos" de um saber que eles partilham parcimoniosamente, sobretudo quando seus interesses imediatos estão em jogo. A hipótese que a análise do material etnográfico me permite formular, é a de que essa modalidade particular de aprendizagem deve ser entendida considerando o contexto cultural do Tapajós no qual ela se insere; um contexto marcado pela hierarquia intergeracional e por relações sociais fortemente antagônicas. A modalidade de aprendizagem que designei pela expressão "apesar dos adultos" (ou "apesar das pessoas mais experientes", e, em português, "apesar de você") contribui de maneira decisiva à apropriação de competências extremamente valorizadas localmente. São competências cuja apropriação é intrinsecamente ligada ao processo de construção da pessoa para os ribeirinhos do Tapajós (mesmo que não seja a essas competências que eles façam referência nos diversos discursos que eles têm sobre sua própria "cultura")
Palomèque, Christina. "Didactique de l'espagnol dans l'enseignement supérieur : analyse d'un dispositif et évaluation des résultats : l'enseignement/apprentissage entre déterminisme et liberté". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL12015.
Texto completoWhat are the means that need be put in place for the leaming of Spanish for beginner adults in higher education who receive 12, 15 or 20 hours of face-to-face teaching and who will be evaluated at a B2 level of the Common European Framework of Referencefor Languages ? Within the field of Education Sciences, our approach provides a novel insight into knowledge domains and related disciplines that contribute to the empirical dimensions of the dldactIc sItuatIon. The ensuing theoretical joumey of integrating language lessons into an anthropologIcal. perspectIve, fed by phllosophlcal and neurological science principles, opens up the posslblhtIes for pragmatlc practlces. These include the construction of a language "theory" with empirical aims that incorporates a "probabilist model" of the theory. ln so doing, it constitutes a model of reference for leamers / teachers wanting to establish identifiable strategies for actors in the didactic situation. The linguistic dimension of our research is based on the hypothesis that personal meaning produced by a locutor is an integral part of the individual' s vital Space-Time experience. Based on this common vital experience, we put forward a didactic framework, we cali LA.S.T.R.A.S. (LAnguage, Space, Time, Representation, Autonomy, Strategy). The three initial sequences of LA.S.T.R.A.S. set up the link between the new conventions of a foreign language and its target contexts. Our study evaluated this framework. ln encouraging the construction of foreign language leaming, leamers are offered an explicit representation of constraints that constitutes the knowledge domain they seek to acquire in an authentic awareness of their essential freedom as locutors. This "existential paradox of language production" is a lived situation within an institution concemed with the "knowledge domain of living languages"
Renoult, Catherine. "Etudes de quelques tâches de résolution de problèmes chez des stagiaires adultes : Aspects cognitifs, conatifs et linguistiques". Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUEL204.
Texto completoProblem-solving is studied more and more by cognitivist psychologists. My target was to discover the weight of a few conative and cognitive features of adult learners who have an individualized pedagogy (in a group of about 12 people). I have used two types of examination : - test-papers : consistent tests, a questionnaire and problem-solving tasks - oral examination : an exploratory interview. I have gathered a considerable amount of data about : - social profile : age, sex, family status, job status. . . - conative profile : * representation of french and mathematics courses, and of reading activity * attitude relating to their training * self image - cognitive profile : * past schooling, precise educational level * reasoning level * ability to understand logical sentences - linguistic profile : * psycholinguistical study of the interviews. I have tried to discover the origin of the solving errors from the learners' written and oral explanations. I have also tested the influence of the form of the utterances on their problem-solving ability. Then, i have suggested some didactic advice after having pointed out specific and non specific difficulties in problem solving
Nowé, Caroline. "Contribution à l'étude qualitative des représentations/conceptions de l'alternance éducative : apprentissages et organisations de formations : le cas d'apprenants jeunes et adultes dans des dispositifs de l'enseignement supérieur". Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50377-2005-27.pdf.
Texto completoNotre recherche consiste à comprendre et à tenter de modéliser ce que vivent les apprenants en alternance. Nous nous intéressons à leurs visions subjectives, aux scénarios intérieurs qu'ils construisent dans le " système alternance ", leur permettant d'attribuer un sens à leur propre réalité. Notre recherche laisse apparaître que l'apprendre en alternance est un processus complexe de réorganisation du modèle cognitif entre autres. Les temporalités constituent un facteur majeur dans cc processus. Ainsi, la prise de conscience de l'apprentissage est toujours en retard sur l'action, ce qui remet en question les modèles classiques. Les temps conjugués permettent la complexification des représentations initiales qui peuvent alors devenir des conceptions, des représentations en action, davantage finalisées et internes à l'acteur. Dans cette complexification des représentations, la qualité des organisations de formation va jouer un rôle important, en aidant l'apprenant à donner du sens à ce qu'il vit, à développer ses finalités propres À ce titre, il nous semble que la fonction accompagnement des apprenants en alternance devient alors l'enjeu premier