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1
Lucena, Rafael, Noah Dephoure, Steve P. Gygi, et al. "Nucleocytoplasmic transport in the midzone membrane domain controls yeast mitotic spindle disassembly." Journal of Cell Biology 209, no. 3 (2015): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201412144.
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During each cell cycle, the mitotic spindle is efficiently assembled to achieve chromosome segregation and then rapidly disassembled as cells enter cytokinesis. Although much has been learned about assembly, how spindles disassemble at the end of mitosis remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that nucleocytoplasmic transport at the membrane domain surrounding the mitotic spindle midzone, here named the midzone membrane domain (MMD), is essential for spindle disassembly in Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells. We show that, during anaphase B, Imp1-mediated transport of the AAA-ATPase Cdc48 protein at the MMD allows this disassembly factor to localize at the spindle midzone, thereby promoting spindle midzone dissolution. Our findings illustrate how a separate membrane compartment supports spindle disassembly in the closed mitosis of fission yeast.
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Su, Shi Jie, Xi Feng Fang, and Fang Li. "Research on the Disassembly Sequence Planning for Mechanical Product." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 1300–1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.1300.
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Mechanical products have been inevitably disassembled when they are regarded to be recycled or repaired. The disassembling procedure must be decided no matter what way is used to disassemble. The key is to decide the disassembly sequence for parts/components. In order to generate the disassembly sequence rapidly and correctly, similar thread binary tree and graph algorithm are used to establish the model of disassembly after analyzing the characteristics of Mechanical products. Firstly, generate the related matrix obtained from the 3D CAD assembly model; secondly, transform the undirected graph to the directed graph based on the practical constraints between parts/components; finally, search the restrictions among the directed graph and generate the efficient disassembly sequence. A prototype system of disassembly sequence planning based on UG was implemented which has the functions such as parts and assembly information extraction, definition constraints between components, disassembly sequence planning and etc. The centrifugal lubricating oil filter case study proves the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.
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Swart, Arthur J. "Engaging African engineering students with problem-based learning by using the disassembly–assembly technique." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 55, no. 3 (2018): 244–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020720918767052.
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Problem-based learning identifies problems in ways that are conducive to student learning and emphasizes problem-solving, critical thinking and collaborative skills. These three aspects are core to disassembly–assembly techniques used in higher education where students are required to engage with visual, auditory and kinesthetic learning within a laboratory environment. The purpose of this article is to describe a disassembly–assembly technique used in a compulsory engineering module and identify how many African engineering students can successfully create a problem (disassemble a two-stroke motor) and then correctly solve the problem (assemble the two-stroke motor back to a working condition). A longitudinal study involving quantitative data is used with descriptive statistics. Results indicate, that on average, 85.5% of African engineering students can successfully engage with the disassembly–assembly technique. A possible recommendation is to encourage more academics to make use of the disassembly-assembly technique with regard to engineering systems, equipment or machinery.
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Diepholz, Meikel, Michael Börsch, and Bettina Böttcher. "Structural organization of the V-ATPase and its implications for regulatory assembly and disassembly." Biochemical Society Transactions 36, no. 5 (2008): 1027–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0361027.
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V-ATPases (vacuolar ATPases) are membrane-bound multiprotein complexes that are localized in the endomembrane systems of eukaryotic cells and in the plasma membranes of some specialized cells. They couple ATP hydrolysis with the transport of protons across membranes. On nutrient shortage, V-ATPases disassemble into a membrane-embedded part (V0), which contains the proton translocation machinery, and an extrinsic part (V1), which carries the nucleotide-binding sites. Disassembly decouples ATP hydrolysis and proton translocation. Furthermore, the disassembled parts are inactive, leading to an efficient shutdown of ATP consumption. On restoring the nutrient levels, V1 and V0 reassemble and restore ATP-hydrolysis activity coupled with proton translocation. This reversible assembly/disassembly process has certain conformational constraints, which are best fulfilled by adopting a unique conformation before disassembly.
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Newman, Joseph, David J. Rowlands, and Tobias J. Tuthill. "An Engineered Maturation Cleavage Provides a Recombinant Mimic of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Capsid Assembly-Disassembly." Life 11, no. 6 (2021): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11060500.
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Picornavirus capsids are assembled from 60 copies of a capsid precursor via a pentameric assembly intermediate or ‘pentamer’. Upon completion of virion assembly, a maturation event induces a final cleavage of the capsid precursor to create the capsid protein VP4, which is essential for capsid stability and entry into new cells. For the picornavirus foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), intact capsids are temperature and acid-labile and can disassemble into pentamers. During disassembly, capsid protein VP4 is lost, presumably altering the structure and properties of the resulting pentamers. The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of recombinant “assembly” and “disassembly” pentamers. We generated recombinant versions of these different pentamers containing an engineered cleavage site to mimic the maturation cleavage. We compared the sedimentation and antigenic characteristics of these pentamers using sucrose density gradients and reactivity with an antibody panel. Pentamers mimicking the assembly pathway sedimented faster than those on the disassembly pathway suggesting that for FMDV, in common with other picornaviruses, assembly pentamers sediment at 14S whereas only pentamers on the disassembly pathway sediment at 12S. The reactivity with anti-VP4 antibodies was reduced for the 12S pentamers, consistent with the predicted loss of VP4. Reactivity with other antibodies was similar for both pentamers suggesting that major antigenic features may be preserved between the VP4 containing assembly pentamers and the disassembly pentamers lacking VP4.
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Shetty, Devdas, and Ahad Ali. "A new design tool for DFA/DFD based on rating factors." Assembly Automation 35, no. 4 (2015): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-11-2014-088.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a tool design for assembly and disassembly using rating factors. Design engineers need an automated tool to effectively analyze the ease of assembly and disassembly of the products or subassemblies. A good assembly design helps in easier disassembly and thus makes it easier to service, repair and maintain. Reuse and recycling aspects are given importance in the present days due to environmental regulations. Designers now use the life cycle design of the products. This creates an environment for the successful application of design for manufacturing, assembly and disassembly tools. This paper addresses some of those issues. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis of a product design for ease of assembly/disassembly depends largely on whether the product is to be assembled/disassembled manually, with automation or a combination of these. For example, the criteria for ease of automatic feeding and orienting are much more stringent than those for manual handling of parts. The new design for assembly/disassembly (DFA/DFD) evaluation tool explained here enables the designer to review the existing design. This paper examines the existing techniques in the area of DFA/DFD and suggests a new methodology based on rating factors. Excel is used to create the interface for the user. Other popular methods were examined such as Boothroyd-Dewhurst, Lucas. Access, reuse, removal, tool, task and time method and assembly score method (Poli) were used as a base for this study. Findings – The end result of this research is a new approach linked to assembly/disassembly rating score. Originality/value – The new DFA/DFD evaluation tool enables the designer to review the existing DFA and DFD difficulties.
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Javorova, Angela, Erika Hrušková, and Karol Velíšek. "Assembly and Disassembly via Automation Tools." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 2066–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.2066.
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Assembly and disassembly is a new and also a rapid developed trend in manufacturing area. In the future the assembly and disassembly will be one inseparable part of manufacturing process. Especially automated disassembly is a technology, which is trying to satisfy needs and requirements. Many of special requirements are supported by international institutions, research programs and foundations. In our Institute of Manufacturing Systems and Applied Mechanics at Faculty of Materials Science and Technology the project named Intelligent assembly cell is realized. Within the frame of this project designing of structure, following of several assembly steps, organization of material flow and others is processed. Currently disassembly is one part of solving problems as assembly. Automated disassembly technique allows an automated separation of various parts, from which was disassembled product created.
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Cao, Xiangang, Guoyin Chen, Mengzhen Zuo, Jiasong Zang, Peng Wang, and Xudong Wu. "The Structural Design and Optimization of a Railway Fastener Nut Disassembly and Assembly Machine." Machines 13, no. 4 (2025): 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13040322.
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During the maintenance of railway fasteners, there are issues with the current nut disassembly and assembly operation, including low efficiency, heavy reliance on manual labor, and high physical strain. A mechanical device has been designed to move along the railway track while identifying and locating the center of the nut to perform disassembly and assembly operations. First, based on the nut disassembly and assembly process and the operating environment, the structure of the equipment was designed. This machine can simultaneously disassemble and assemble all the nuts on a single rail tie and accommodate position errors and deviations of spiral spikes. Secondly, to verify the structural reliability of the designed machine, a static simulation analysis was conducted on the key load-bearing structures under extreme operating conditions. Based on the simulation results, a lightweight design was applied to the machine’s carrier platform. The performance of the nut assembly and disassembly mechanism was optimized based on the Kriging model and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). The optimized machine reduced its mass by 21.7% and increased its strength by more than 30%. A transient analysis was also conducted on the optimized machine structure, further validating its strength. Finally, based on the design and optimization results, a physical prototype of the nut disassembly machine was constructed and tested. The results show that the device can efficiently perform nut disassembly and assembly tasks on the railway track. Both the mechanical structure’s reliability and functionality meet the design objectives and requirements, demonstrating significant application value for promoting the intelligent maintenance of railways.
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Holubek, Radovan, Roman Ruzarovsky, and Karol Velíšek. "New Approach in Design of Automated Assembly Station for Disassembly Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 421 (September 2013): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.421.595.
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In this contribution is presented the new idea of another approach and application of designed and verified assembly station that can be used for disassembly process. Automated assembly station with Cartesian industrial robot is especially designed for assembly of specific products. New approach consists in the fact that such equipment can be used for disassembly of assembled products after lifecycle. This solution can be used where it can be readjusted assembly station by proposing of particular disassembly equipment that supports the disassembly process. The paper deals with the analysis of automated assembly station design methodology and with proposals for concrete actions that need to be made to the assembly station may to change to a device designed for disassembly process. This problematic solves a development of the assembly and disassembly station with respect to lifecycle management of the assembly product and also assembly system with Cartesian robot. The main idea of the development of such a device is the use of the same Cartesian industrial robot, material supply devices, assembly and disassembly units in one workplace with different application. Result of design methodology is the verification and proposition of real automated assembly and disassembly workplace with Cartesian robot for known verified model of assembled actuator.
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Abdullah, Nurhidayu, Fairul Azni Jafar, and Mohd Nazmin Maslan. "Experimental Design for Reverse Assembly Based Disassembly Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 1062–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.1062.
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Product disassembly is a vital strategy for industrial recycling and remanufacturing which generates the desired parts and/or subassemblies by means of separation of a product into its elements. In order to increase disassembly capacity while maintaining the parts quality, new standards had to be established. Manual disassembly work perform by human will create inconsistency in the quality, efficiency, as well as time consuming, whereby it is believe that those weaknesses can be overcome by an automated performance. Therefore, this research work will re-evaluate the existing approach of disassembly process; reverse-assembly method in disassemble a mini toy car. The design methodology is conducted to verify the disassembly process performance and identify factors affecting the performance. The disassembly process experiment will be conducted in two ways; manual and semi-automated disassembly. This paper reviews the design process of the proposed experimental methodology. The important components of the experimental methodology are discussed in this paper.
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Woodruff, Jeffrey B., David G. Drubin, and Georjana Barnes. "Spindle assembly requires complete disassembly of spindle remnants from the previous cell cycle." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 2 (2012): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-08-0701.
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Incomplete mitotic spindle disassembly causes lethality in budding yeast. To determine why spindle disassembly is required for cell viability, we used live-cell microscopy to analyze a double mutant strain containing a conditional mutant and a deletion mutant compromised for the kinesin-8 and anaphase-promoting complex-driven spindle-disassembly pathways (td-kip3 and doc1Δ, respectively). Under nonpermissive conditions, spindles in td-kip3 doc1Δ cells could break apart but could not disassemble completely. These cells could exit mitosis and undergo cell division. However, the daughter cells could not assemble functional, bipolar spindles in the ensuing mitosis. During the formation of these dysfunctional spindles, centrosome duplication and separation, as well as recruitment of key midzone-stabilizing proteins all appeared normal, but microtubule polymerization was nevertheless impaired and these spindles often collapsed. Introduction of free tubulin through episomal expression of α- and β-tubulin or introduction of a brief pulse of the microtubule-depolymerizing drug nocodazole allowed spindle assembly in these td-kip3 doc1Δ mutants. Therefore we propose that spindle disassembly is essential for regeneration of the intracellular pool of assembly-competent tubulin required for efficient spindle assembly during subsequent mitoses of daughter cells.
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Soh, SL, S. K. Ong, and A. Y. C. Nee. "Design for assembly and disassembly for remanufacturing." Assembly Automation 36, no. 1 (2016): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-05-2015-040.
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Purpose – This research aims to propose a methodology for a systematic, concurrent consideration of design for assembly (DFA) and disassembly guidelines and constraints for product remanufacturing. The methodology provides a holistic approach to design product from the remanufacturing perspective. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed methodology incorporates parts’ integration assessment and evaluation of part complexity and accessibility taking into consideration both DFA and design-for-disassembly (DFD) guidelines and constraints. Metrics for accessibility and complexity in retrieving the remanufacturable cores from a product are evaluated to determine the best possible disassembly route considering the practical constraints which an operator might face during disassembly. As there could be more than one feasible disassembly route to retrieve a core during remanufacturing, a disassembly evaluation is conducted to determine the optimal path after combination of the parts of the assembly. Findings – In remanufacturing, products need to be disassembled and re-assembled again. Conflicts exist between DFA and DFD. The proposed methodology serves to address these conflicting issues. The proposed methodology eases a designer’s effort systematically to incorporate both aspects, by incorporating practical consideration to determine an optimal disassembly sequence through integrating the handling aspect of assembly complexity assessment with the U-Rating disassembly effort indexing scheme to provide a quantitative evaluation of disassembly complexity, as disassembly still largely requires human effort. Research limitations/implications – Future research will explore methods to improve the user interface with features to determine feasible disassembly routes of a product automatically. This will relieve the effort of the product designer to a great extent. Originality/value – This paper proposes a methodology for a systematic, concurrent consideration of DFA and DFD to provide a holistic approach to product design from the remanufacturing perspective to ease the designer’s task. Practical considerations will be made to determine the optimal disassembly route of the product. DFD will only be required to be applied to the selected disassembly route to minimize conflicts with DFA.
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Cerqueira, Carla, Yuk-Ying S. Pang, Patricia M. Day, et al. "A Cell-Free Assembly System for Generating Infectious Human Papillomavirus 16 Capsids Implicates a Size Discrimination Mechanism for Preferential Viral Genome Packaging." Journal of Virology 90, no. 2 (2015): 1096–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02497-15.
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ABSTRACTWe have established a cell-freein vitrosystem to study human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) assembly, a poorly understood process. L1/L2 capsomers, obtained from the disassembly of virus-like particles (VLPs), were incubated with nuclear extracts to provide access to the range of cellular proteins that would be available during assembly within the host cell. Incorporation of a reporter plasmid “pseudogenome” was dependent on the presence of both nuclear extract and ATP. Unexpectedly, L1/L2 VLPs that were not disassembled prior to incubation with a reassembly mixture containing nuclear extract also encapsidated a reporter plasmid. As with HPV pseudoviruses (PsV) generated intracellularly, infection by cell-free particles assembledin vitrorequired the presence of L2 and was susceptible to the same biochemical inhibitors, implying the cell-free assembled particles use the infectious pathway previously described for HPV16 produced in cell culture. Using biochemical and electron microscopy analyses, we observed that, in the presence of nuclear extract, intact VLPs partially disassemble, providing a mechanistic explanation to how the exogenous plasmid was packaged by these particles. Further, we provide evidence that capsids containing an <8-kb pseudogenome are resistant to the disassembly/reassembly reaction. Our results suggest a novel size discrimination mechanism for papillomavirus genome packaging in which particles undergo iterative rounds of disassembly/reassembly, seemingly sampling DNA until a suitably sized DNA is encountered, resulting in the formation of a stable virion structure.IMPORTANCELittle is known about papillomavirus assembly biology due to the difficulties in propagating virusin vitro. The cell-free assembly method established in this paper reveals a new mechanism for viral genome packaging and will provide a tractable system for further dissecting papillomavirus assembly. The knowledge gained will increase our understanding of virus-host interactions, help to identify new targets for antiviral therapy, and allow for the development of new gene delivery systems based onin vitro-generated papillomavirus vectors.
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Gwon, Youngdae, Brian A. Maxwell, Regina-Maria Kolaitis, Peipei Zhang, Hong Joo Kim, and J. Paul Taylor. "Ubiquitination of G3BP1 mediates stress granule disassembly in a context-specific manner." Science 372, no. 6549 (2021): eabf6548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abf6548.
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Stress granules are dynamic, reversible condensates composed of RNA and protein that assemble in eukaryotic cells in response to a variety of stressors and are normally disassembled after stress is removed. The composition and assembly of stress granules is well understood, but little is known about the mechanisms that govern disassembly. Impaired disassembly has been implicated in some diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and multisystem proteinopathy. Using cultured human cells, we found that stress granule disassembly was context-dependent: Specifically in the setting of heat shock, disassembly required ubiquitination of G3BP1, the central protein within the stress granule RNA-protein network. We found that ubiquitinated G3BP1 interacted with the endoplasmic reticulum–associated protein FAF2, which engaged the ubiquitin-dependent segregase p97/VCP (valosin-containing protein). Thus, targeting of G3BP1 weakened the stress granule–specific interaction network, resulting in granule disassembly.
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FORD, KEVIN J., and MARLA B. FELLER. "Assembly and disassembly of a retinal cholinergic network." Visual Neuroscience 29, no. 1 (2011): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523811000216.
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AbstractIn the few weeks prior to the onset of vision, the retina undergoes a dramatic transformation. Neurons migrate into position and target appropriate synaptic partners to assemble the circuits that mediate vision. During this period of development, the retina is not silent but rather assembles and disassembles a series of transient circuits that use distinct mechanisms to generate spontaneous correlated activity called retinal waves. During the first postnatal week, this transient circuit is comprised of reciprocal cholinergic connections between starburst amacrine cells. A few days before the eyes open, these cholinergic connections are eliminated as the glutamatergic circuits involved in processing visual information are formed. Here, we discuss the assembly and disassembly of this transient cholinergic network and the role it plays in various aspects of retinal development.
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Yan, Jie, Thomas J. Maresca, Dunja Skoko, et al. "Micromanipulation Studies of Chromatin Fibers in Xenopus Egg Extracts Reveal ATP-dependent Chromatin Assembly Dynamics." Molecular Biology of the Cell 18, no. 2 (2007): 464–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-09-0800.
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We have studied assembly of chromatin using Xenopus egg extracts and single DNA molecules held at constant tension by using magnetic tweezers. In the absence of ATP, interphase extracts were able to assemble chromatin against DNA tensions of up to 3.5 piconewtons (pN). We observed force-induced disassembly and opening–closing fluctuations, indicating our experiments were in mechanochemical equilibrium. Roughly 50-nm (150-base pair) lengthening events dominated force-driven disassembly, suggesting that the assembled fibers are chiefly composed of nucleosomes. The ATP-depleted reaction was able to do mechanical work of 27 kcal/mol per 50 nm step, which provides an estimate of the free energy difference between core histone octamers on and off DNA. Addition of ATP led to highly dynamic behavior with time courses exhibiting processive runs of assembly and disassembly not observed in the ATP-depleted case. With ATP present, application of forces of 2 pN led to nearly complete fiber disassembly. Our study suggests that ATP hydrolysis plays a major role in nucleosome rearrangement and removal and that chromatin in vivo may be subject to highly dynamic assembly and disassembly processes that are modulated by DNA tension.
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Emanuele, Michael J., Weijie Lan, Miri Jwa, Stephanie A. Miller, Clarence S. M. Chan, and P. Todd Stukenberg. "Aurora B kinase and protein phosphatase 1 have opposing roles in modulating kinetochore assembly." Journal of Cell Biology 181, no. 2 (2008): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200710019.
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The outer kinetochore binds microtubules to control chromosome movement. Outer kinetochore assembly is restricted to mitosis, whereas the inner kinetochore remains tethered to centromeres throughout the cell cycle. The cues that regulate this transient assembly are unknown. We find that inhibition of Aurora B kinase significantly reduces outer kinetochore assembly in Xenopus laevis and human tissue culture cells, frog egg extracts, and budding yeast. In X. leavis M phase extracts, preassembled kinetochores disassemble after inhibiting Aurora B activity with either drugs or antibodies. Kinetochore disassembly, induced by Aurora B inhibition, is rescued by restraining protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity. PP1 is necessary for kinetochores to disassemble at the exit from M phase, and purified enzyme is sufficient to cause disassembly on isolated mitotic nuclei. These data demonstrate that Aurora B activity is required for kinetochore maintenance and that PP1 is necessary and sufficient to disassemble kinetochores. We suggest that Aurora B and PP1 coordinate cell cycle–dependent changes in kinetochore assembly though phosphorylation of kinetochore substrates.
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Ding, Wan Jing. "Design Method of Reducer Oriented Maintenance." Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (May 2010): 1129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.1129.
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Maintenance is an important part of the product lifecycle management. As important equipment widely used in machine industry, disassembly and maintenance of reducer is crucial. In this paper, according to position and assembly relationship of all parts of reducer in 3D and the basic principles of disassembly, a disassembly relationship matrix was defined. The matrix can well express the disassemblity of the every part in model. Then, a generation algorithm of disassembly sequence was proposed based on and operations. Finally disassembly sequence of reducer was generated in VB.
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Deepak, B. B. V. L., G. Bala Murali, and Sandeep Kumar Pandey. "Energy Efficient Disassembly Sequence Generation Using Subassembly Detection Method with Environmental and Economic Parts Selection." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 17, no. 03 (2018): 353–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021968671850021x.
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Supply chains have been more serious for environmental issues for not only the reduction of CO2 emission but also for material starvation. To enhance a closed loop supply chain for assembled product, a disassembly system is required. At end-of-life, the assembly products at recycling organization should be disassembled environmentally and economically for not only low carbonization but also of material circulation. This recycling and reusing of product enables to reduce CO2 release because the virgin materials which release CO2 volumes caused by production and logistics can be saved by the usage of the recovered materials. Parts with higher recycling and CO2 saving rates ought to be chosen and physically disassembled, but the manual disassembly brings a higher cost, rather than discarding the parts. Therefore, material recovery value is also to be considered for parts selection during the assembly operation. Parts information like material recovery value, CO2 release, weight, precedence relationships are required for environmental and economic parts selection. This study proposes a CAD based approach for environmental and economic parts selection for disassembly using solid works sustainability. It considers higher CO2 saving rate, higher recycling rate and higher material recovery value as environmental and economic criteria for parts selection.
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Yi, Yang, Xiaojun Liu, Zhonghua Ni, Xia Tang, and Xiaokang Xu. "Research Method of Assembly Sequence Planning Based on Assembly Constraint Relationship Analysis." MATEC Web of Conferences 237 (2018): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823703005.
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In order to effectively reduce the human-computer interaction (HCI) workload before the assembly process simulation in the digital assembly environment, and to enhance the intelligence of assembly sequence planning, we introduce the assembly constraint relationship into the automatic generation of assembly sequences and propose a practical assembly sequence planning method for intelligent assembly. Firstly, starting from the assembly geometry model, an assembly model liaison graph is constructed by combining the analysis of assembly constraint relationship and the definition of disassembly direction rules. Then, according to the liaison graph, disassembly priority constraint matrix based on constraint relationship is constructed, and the automatic generation and dynamic update of the disassembly priority diagram can be realized by the definition of disassembly doubly linked list. According to the diagram, the rationality of the disassembly sequence is determined through the interference check analysis, and then the assembly sequence is automatically generated from the reversed disassembly sequence. Finally, the method in the text is verified by an example case study.
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McGovern, Seamus M., and Surendra M. Gupta. "Unified assembly- and disassembly-line model formulae." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 26, no. 2 (2015): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-11-2013-0169.
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Purpose – There is a rich body of literature on sequencing assembly and on sequencing disassembly, but little that either fuses or contrasts the two, which may be valuable for long-range planning in the closed-loop supply chain and simply convenient in terms of consistency in nomenclature and mathematical formulations. The purpose of this paper is to concisely unify and summarize assembly and disassembly formulae – as well as to add new formulations for completeness – and then demonstrate the similarities and differences between assembly and disassembly. Design/methodology/approach – Along with several familiar assembly-line formulae which are adapted here for disassembly, five (two specific and three general) metrics and a comparative performance formula from disassembly-line balancing are proposed for use in assembly- and disassembly-line sequencing and balancing either directly, through generalization, or with some extension. The size of assembly and disassembly search spaces are also quantified and formulated. Three new metrics are then developed from each of the general metrics to demonstrate the process of using these general formulae as prototypes. Findings – The three new metrics along with several of the original metrics are selectively applied to a simple, notional case study product to be sequenced on an assembly line and then on a disassembly line. Using these analytical results, the inherent differences between assembly and disassembly, even for a seemingly trivial product, are illustrated. Originality/value – The research adds several new assembly/disassembly metrics, a case study, unifies the evaluation formulae that assembly and disassembly hold in common as well as structuring prototype formulae for flexibility in generating new evaluation criteria for both, and quantifies (using the case study) how assembly and disassembly – while certainly possessing similarities – also demonstrate measurable differences that can be expected to affect product design, planning, production, and end-of-life processing.
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Filipescu, Adriana, Dan Ionescu, Adrian Filipescu, Eugenia Mincă, and Georgian Simion. "Multifunctional Technology of Flexible Manufacturing on a Mechatronics Line with IRM and CAS, Ready for Industry 4.0." Processes 9, no. 5 (2021): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050864.
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A communication and control architecture of a multifunctional technology for flexible manufacturing on an assembly, disassembly, and repair mechatronics line (A/D/RML), assisted by a complex autonomous system (CAS), is presented in the paper. A/D/RML consists of a six-work station (WS) mechatronics line (ML) connected to a flexible cell (FC) equipped with a six-degree of freedom (DOF) industrial robotic manipulator (IRM). The CAS has in its structure two driving wheels and one free wheel (2 DW/1 FW)-wheeled mobile robot (WMR) equipped with a 7-DOF robotic manipulator (RM). On the end effector of the RM, a mobile visual servoing system (eye-in-hand VSS) is mounted. The multifunctionality is provided by the three actions, assembly, disassembly, and repair, while the flexibility is due to the assembly of different products. After disassembly or repair, CAS picks up the disassembled components and transports them to the appropriate storage depots for reuse. Technology operates synchronously with signals from sensors and eye-in-hand VSS. Disassembling or repairing starts after assembling and the final assembled product fails the quality test. Due to the diversity of communication and control equipment such as PLCs, robots, sensors or actuators, the presented technology, although it works on a laboratory structure, has applications in the real world and meets the specific requirements of Industry 4.0.
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Peiyong, Li, Cui Jin, Gao Feng, Wang Chengfang, Mao Yunsheng, and Liao Guohong. "Research on the Assembly Sequence of a Ship Block Based on the Disassembly Interference Matrix." Journal of Ship Production and Design 31, no. 04 (2015): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.2015.31.4.230.
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Reasonable optimized block assembly sequence has vital practical significance for ship construction, and the research has been done in this article at the aim of obtaining optimal assembly sequence. First, taking a double-bottom block as the object of study, by analyzing the connection relationship between each part, a disassembly network diagram and disassembly interference matrix can be generated by applying the demolition method. Based on the disassembly interference matrix, disassembly sequence can be generated according to certain rules, then the assembly sequence is the invert of disassembly sequence; next, considering comprehensively the part's physical attribute affecting the assembly sequence, the final assembly sequence can be obtained for two assembly ways using the analytic hierarchy process; lastly, DELMIA software is applied to implement the virtual simulation of the assembly process in accordance with the assembly sequence. The work of the article is of certain guidance significance to parts assembly in ship production and can lay a good foundation for realizing the ship block's digital assembly.
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Kueh, Hao Yuan, Guillaume T. Charras, Timothy J. Mitchison, and William M. Brieher. "Actin disassembly by cofilin, coronin, and Aip1 occurs in bursts and is inhibited by barbed-end cappers." Journal of Cell Biology 182, no. 2 (2008): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200801027.
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Turnover of actin filaments in cells requires rapid actin disassembly in a cytoplasmic environment that thermodynamically favors assembly because of high concentrations of polymerizable monomers. We here image the disassembly of single actin filaments by cofilin, coronin, and actin-interacting protein 1, a purified protein system that reconstitutes rapid, monomer-insensitive disassembly (Brieher, W.M., H.Y. Kueh, B.A. Ballif, and T.J. Mitchison. 2006. J. Cell Biol. 175:315–324). In this three-component system, filaments disassemble in abrupt bursts that initiate preferentially, but not exclusively, from both filament ends. Bursting disassembly generates unstable reaction intermediates with lowered affinity for CapZ at barbed ends. CapZ and cytochalasin D (CytoD), a barbed-end capping drug, strongly inhibit bursting disassembly. CytoD also inhibits actin disassembly in mammalian cells, whereas latrunculin B, a monomer sequestering drug, does not. We propose that bursts of disassembly arise from cooperative separation of the two filament strands near an end. The differential effects of drugs in cells argue for physiological relevance of this new disassembly pathway and potentially explain discordant results previously found with these drugs.
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Xiang, Dong, Zu Fu Pang, Dan Feng Long, Peng Mou, Ji Ping Yang, and Guang Hong Duan. "The Disassembly Process and Apparatus of Waste Printed Circuit Board Assembly for Reusing the Components." Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (October 2013): 474–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.474.
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Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA), is an important basic part of Electric and Electronic Equipment, which has lots of high-value components and toxic substances. Normally, when Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE) is scraped, some components on waste PCBA still keep good performances. Therefore, it is feasible and economical to environment-friendly reuse the high-value components on waste PCBA. In order to guarantee the quality of the disassembled components, the components reuse-oriented disassembly process is proposed, in which the mechanical and physical characteristics of solder and the joint type of PCBA are considered comprehensively. In the process, through the analysis and measurement of the temperature distribution of PCBA, the optimized heating mode and heating temperature curve can be drawn up for the different joint type of PCBA. For getting the disassembly mode of PCBA, the disassembly force and separating displacement of components on PCBA are defined and the disassembly energy models for different kinds of components are set up. On the basis of the heating mode, heating temperature curve and disassembly energy, two kinds of disassembly apparatus and a performance testing procedure for certain kinds of old components are developed. In the end the components reuse-oriented disassembly process parameters are optimized to get a high separation ratio and reuse ration of components with orthogonal test.
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Bono, Fulvia, and Niels H. Gehring. "Assembly, disassembly and recycling." RNA Biology 8, no. 1 (2011): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/rna.8.1.13618.
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Chuang, Edward, Acacia M. Hori, Christina D. Hesketh, and James Shorter. "Amyloid assembly and disassembly." Journal of Cell Science 131, no. 8 (2018): jcs189928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.189928.
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YAMAGIWA, Yasuyuki. "Design for Assembly Disassembly." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 74, no. 8 (2008): 805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.74.805.
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Sánchez, Irma, and Brian David Dynlacht. "Cilium assembly and disassembly." Nature Cell Biology 18, no. 7 (2016): 711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncb3370.
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Yokota, K., and D. R. Brough. "ASSEMBLY/DISASSEMBLY SEQUENCE PLANNING." Assembly Automation 12, no. 3 (1992): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb004372.
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Sun, Chengjun, Julien Arino, and Stéphanie Portet. "Intermediate filament dynamics: Disassembly regulation." International Journal of Biomathematics 10, no. 01 (2016): 1750015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524517500152.
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A mechanism of intermediate filament disassembly regulation is proposed in which disassembly is regulated by the amount of proteins assembled in networks. It is also hypothesized that a delay might exist between regulation and actual disassembly. Under realistic biological conditions of assembly and disassembly, it is shown that such a delay is harmless and does not destabilize the organization of intermediate filaments in networks. However, for high rates of disassembly, the model predicts that delay can destabilize the organization, with the intermediate filament material oscillating between organizations mainly in networks and in nonfilamentous particles.
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Chen, Shiang-Fong, J. H. Oliver, Shuo-Yan Chou, and Lin-Lin Chen. "Parallel Disassembly by Onion Peeling." Journal of Mechanical Design 119, no. 2 (1997): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826246.
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For some assembly structures, parallel disassembly of components is necessary in order to reach a particular internal component. Due to the large number of possible combinations, the parallel disassembly problem is not easily solved in a general form. In order to reduce the time complexity of finding a disassembly sequence, this paper introduces a simplified mating graph and develops a data structure to facilitate an efficient parallel disassembly algorithm. This algorithm takes Max {O(N3), O(E)} time to find an efficient sequence to reach a particular component, where N is the number of components and E is the number of mating faces. Separability testing is incorporated to determine whether the query component can be disassembled and moved to infinity without obstruction.
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Sung, Jinmo, and Bongju Jeong. "A Heuristic for Disassembly Planning in Remanufacturing System." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/949527.
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This study aims to improve the efficiency of disassembly planning in remanufacturing environment. Even though disassembly processes are considered as the reverse of the corresponding assembly processes, under some technological and management constraints the feasible and efficient disassembly planning can be achieved by only well-designed algorithms. In this paper, we propose a heuristic for disassembly planning with the existence of disassembled part/subassembly demands. A mathematical model is formulated for solving this problem to determine the sequence and quantity of disassembly operations to minimize the disassembly costs under sequence-dependent setup and capacity constraints. The disassembly costs consist of the setup cost, part inventory holding cost, disassembly processing cost, and purchasing cost that resulted from unsatisfied demand. A simple but efficient heuristic algorithm is proposed to improve the quality of solution and computational efficiency. The main idea of heuristic is to divide the planning horizon into the smaller planning windows and improve the computational efficiency without much loss of solution quality. Performances of the heuristic are investigated through the computational experiments.
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Nguyen Huy Liem, Le Anh, Pham Hoang Hung, and Mac Quynh Nhu. "Research and implementation of virtual reality technology to build 3D application that simulates the disassembly and assembly of equipment and weapons (DASim)." Journal of Military Science and Technology, CSCE7 (December 30, 2023): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.csce7.2023.60-70.
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Disassembly and assembly of equipment and weapons (E&W) is a regular work of great importance in the military. Implementing the right procedures and quickly will help increase efficiency and ensure the safety for the citizens and weapons. However, the training and training of cadres, technical staff, trainees and soldiers to master the skills of disassembling equipment and weapons takes a lot of time and resources, and there are also many risks in the practice process. Virtual reality (VR) application is a time-saving and effective solution for training knowledge and training weapons disassembly skills, not only allowing users to interact with a virtual environment like reality, but also minimize potential risks in the process of practicing with real equipment and weapons, without mastering the process of disassembly and maintenance.
 In this paper, the research team will present the approach, build an algorithm and design a software program to simulate the disassembly of weapons equipment using 3D virtual reality technology. The software consists of three main modules: theory, practice, testing, helping officials, technical staff, trainees, and soldiers to master knowledge from theory to practice process, forming skills before operating directly on real weapons. The study concretizes through the example of establishing the content of the structure, disassembly process and practice of disassembling AK submachine guns, 7.62 mm PKMS. In addition, the paper will also evaluate the effectiveness of the use of VR in training and training personnel to disassemble and assemble weapons.
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Chromy, Laura R., Amy Oltman, Patricia A. Estes, and Robert L. Garcea. "Chaperone-Mediated In Vitro Disassembly of Polyoma- and Papillomaviruses." Journal of Virology 80, no. 10 (2006): 5086–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.10.5086-5091.2006.
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ABSTRACT Hsp70 chaperones play a role in polyoma- and papillomavirus assembly, as evidenced by their interaction in vivo with polyomavirus capsid proteins at late times after virus infection and by their ability to assemble viral capsomeres into capsids in vitro. We studied whether Hsp70 chaperones might also participate in the uncoating reaction. In vivo, Hsp70 coimmunoprecipitated with polyomavirus virion VP1 at 3 h after infection of mouse cells. In vitro, prokaryotic and eukaryotic Hsp70 chaperones efficiently disassembled polyoma- and papillomavirus-like particles and virions in energy-dependent reactions. These observations support a role for cell chaperones in the disassembly of these viruses.
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Bahubalendruni, M. V. A. Raju. "An efficient method for exploded view generation through assembly coherence data and precedence relations." World Journal of Engineering 15, no. 2 (2018): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-06-2017-0126.
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Purpose Three-dimensional exploded view is a schematic representation of a product anticipated for performing assembly or disassembly operations. Exploded view is found in many applications, such as product instructional materials, repair and maintenance handbooks. This paper aims to propose an efficient exploded view generation technique based on assembly coherence data and disassembly feasibility testing, and illustrate it on various configurations of assemblies. Design/methodology/approach The proposed methodology extracts the assembly contact information between the constituent parts and geometric feasibility relation matrix based on the common mating surface of part pairs in liaison and assembly collision detection. These data are further used for exploded view generation. Findings The proposed exploded view generation method determines the possible disassembly sequences and simplifies the procedure in determining the number of disassembly levels. Research limitations/implications The procedure consumes more time for the products with large number of part counts having numerous non-ruled surfaces. Originality/value The proposed method is effectively used to solve assemblies, where parts are assembled through oblique orientations. The method is found successful in generating exploded view for products with large number of parts through collision-free paths.
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Warnock, Dale E., Takeshi Baba, and Sandra L. Schmid. "Ubiquitously Expressed Dynamin-II Has a Higher Intrinsic GTPase Activity and a Greater Propensity for Self-assembly Than Neuronal Dynamin-I." Molecular Biology of the Cell 8, no. 12 (1997): 2553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.8.12.2553.
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To begin to understand mechanistic differences in endocytosis in neurons and nonneuronal cells, we have compared the biochemical properties of the ubiquitously expressed dynamin-II isoform with those of neuron-specific dynamin-I. Like dynamin-I, dynamin-II is specifically localized to and highly concentrated in coated pits on the plasma membrane and can assemble in vitro into rings and helical arrays. As expected, the two closely related isoforms share a similar mechanism for GTP hydrolysis: both are stimulated in vitro by self-assembly and by interaction with microtubules or the SH3 domain-containing protein, grb2. Deletion of the C-terminal proline/arginine-rich domain from either isoform abrogates self-assembly and assembly-dependent increases in GTP hydrolysis. However, dynamin-II exhibits a ∼threefold higher rate of intrinsic GTP hydrolysis and higher affinity for GTP than dynamin-I. Strikingly, the stimulated GTPase activity of dynamin-II can be >40-fold higher than dynamin-I, due principally to its greater propensity for self-assembly and the increased resistance of assembled dynamin-II to GTP-triggered disassembly. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that self-assembly is a major regulator of dynamin GTPase activity and that the intrinsic rate of GTP hydrolysis reflects a dynamic, GTP-dependent equilibrium of assembly and disassembly.
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Parra, Karlett J., Chun-Yuan Chan, and Jun Chen. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae Vacuolar H+-ATPase Regulation by Disassembly and Reassembly: One Structure and Multiple Signals." Eukaryotic Cell 13, no. 6 (2014): 706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00050-14.
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ABSTRACTVacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) are highly conserved ATP-driven proton pumps responsible for acidification of intracellular compartments. V-ATPase proton transport energizes secondary transport systems and is essential for lysosomal/vacuolar and endosomal functions. These dynamic molecular motors are composed of multiple subunits regulated in part by reversible disassembly, which reversibly inactivates them. Reversible disassembly is intertwined with glycolysis, the RAS/cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, and phosphoinositides, but the mechanisms involved are elusive. The atomic- and pseudo-atomic-resolution structures of the V-ATPases are shedding light on the molecular dynamics that regulate V-ATPase assembly. Although all eukaryotic V-ATPases may be built with an inherent capacity to reversibly disassemble, not all do so. V-ATPase subunit isoforms and their interactions with membrane lipids and a V-ATPase-exclusive chaperone influence V-ATPase assembly. This minireview reports on the mechanisms governing reversible disassembly in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, keeping in perspective our present understanding of the V-ATPase architecture and its alignment with the cellular processes and signals involved.
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Wang, Qian, Min Li Gong, and Ying Zhi Li. "Pro/E-Based Non-Damage Dynamic Simulation Assembling and Disassembling of CA6140." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.376.
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CA6140 is the most widely used kind of ordinary horizontal lathes in a factory workshop. This paper, with the aid of Pro / E software and its related functions, visually displays the structure of Lathe CA6140’s main components, dynamically simulates assembly and disassembly processes of its typical mechanism, and thereby realizes its non-damage dynamic simulation assembly and disassembly, creates the mode of combining actual and virtual dynamic assembly and disassembly and realizes the optimization of its assembly and disassembling actions.
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Zhao, Guan, and Yanfei Wang. "Development of Machine Tool Disassembly and Assembly Training and Digital Twin Model Building System based on Virtual Simulation." International Journal of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering 2, no. 1 (2024): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/ijmee.v2n1.07.
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In response to the issues of poor safety and insufficient training equipment in traditional machine tool assembly and disassembly training, this paper proposes a machine tool assembly and disassembly training system based on virtual simulation. The system utilizes Unity 3D to construct an interactive virtual training environment, achieving highly simulated simulations and teaching of the machine tool assembly and disassembly process. Additionally, the system is capable of establishing communication with actual machine tools, achieving bidirectional mapping between digital and physical spaces, allowing learners to observe the dynamic responses of machine tool models through the virtual environment. This virtual-real interaction mechanism enriches the application scenarios of the system, introducing digital twin technology into the virtual simulation of machine tool assembly and disassembly training. This paper also provides a detailed introduction to the design and implementation of core technologies such as the system's overall architecture, scene modeling, and virtual-real interaction, offering significant support for intelligent teaching in machine tool assembly and disassembly.
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Onischenko, Evgeny A., Natalia V. Gubanova, Elena V. Kiseleva, and Einar Hallberg. "Cdk1 and Okadaic Acid-sensitive Phosphatases Control Assembly of Nuclear Pore Complexes in Drosophila Embryos." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 11 (2005): 5152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-07-0642.
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Disassembly and reassembly of the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) is one of the major events during open mitosis in higher eukaryotes. However, how this process is controlled by the mitotic machinery is not clear. To investigate this we developed a novel in vivo model system based on syncytial Drosophila embryos. We microinjected different mitotic effectors into the embryonic cytoplasm and monitored the dynamics of disassembly/reassembly of NPCs in live embryos using fluorescently labeled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) or in fixed embryos using electron microscopy and immunostaining techniques. We found that in live embryos Cdk1 activity was necessary and sufficient to induce disassembly of NPCs as well as their cytoplasmic mimics: annulate lamellae pore complexes (ALPCs). Cdk1 activity was also required for keeping NPCs and ALPCs disassembled during mitosis. In agreement recombinant Cdk1/cyclin B was able to induce phosphorylation and dissociation of nucleoporins from the NPCs in vitro. Conversely, reassembly of NPCs and ALPCs was dependent on the activity of protein phosphatases, sensitive to okadaic acid (OA). Our findings suggest a model where mitotic disassembly/reassembly of the NPCs is regulated by a dynamic equilibrium of Cdk1 and OA-sensitive phosphatase activities and provide evidence that mitotic phosphorylation mediates disassembly of the NPC.
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Chen, Ping, Caifu Qian, and Yunxiao Zhang. "Design and Stress Analysis of a New Quick-Opening Seal Device Connected by D-Shaped Shearing Bolts." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 129, no. 3 (2006): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2757188.
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Because of large scale and heavy weight, end closures of high pressure vessels are usually hard to assemble and disassemble. In this paper, a new quick-opening seal device connected by D-shaped shearing bolts is introduced. This device is compact in structure, reliable in sealing, easy in assembly and disassembly, and very appropriate for end closures of pressure vessels or for pipe joints. Strength calculation formulas for the major parts are proposed analytically, and stress analysis using the finite element method for a C-ring seal has been performed. An application of this device shows that its sealing and strength is reliable.
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Studny, D., D. Rittel, and E. Zussman. "Impact Fracture of Screws for Disassembly." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 121, no. 1 (1999): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2830563.
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Environmental legislation urges manufacturers to develop effective technologies to cope with obsolete products. The goal is to optimize the disassembly procedure (cost, efficiency) with emphasis on potential recycling. In this work we adopt a destructive approach to product disassembly as an alternative to reverse assembly. Specifically we investigate unsupported screwed assemblies for which the screw head is protruding. Disassembly consist of breaking this head by applying side impact. The transient forces are measured by means of an instrumented bar. Experiments were conducted on various screw diameters and materials to assess the feasibility of this process. Typical design parameters (energy, time and forces) were measured. The fracture mechanism(s) was characterized by fractographic analysis. Results are presented and potential applications of this technique to efficient disassembly are discussed. The results are integrated into the preliminary design of robotic disassembler.
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Liu, Lifeng, Eva Weiss, Marc D. Panas, et al. "RNA processing bodies are disassembled during Old World alphavirus infection." Journal of General Virology 100, no. 10 (2019): 1375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001310.
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RNA processing bodies (P-bodies) are non-membranous cytoplasmic aggregates of mRNA and proteins involved in mRNA decay and translation repression. P-bodies actively respond to environmental stresses, associated with another type of RNA granules, known as stress granules (SGs). Alphaviruses were previously shown to block SG induction at late stages of infection, which is important for efficient viral growth. In this study, we found that P-bodies were disassembled or reduced in number very early in infection with Semliki Forest virus (SFV) or chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in a panel of cell lines. Similar to SGs, reinduction of P-bodies by a second stress (sodium arsenite) was also blocked in infected cells. The disassembly of P-bodies still occurred in non-phosphorylatable eIF2α mouse embryonal fibroblasts (MEFs) that are impaired in SG assembly. Studies of translation status by ribopuromycylation showed that P-body disassembly is independent of host translation shutoff, which requires the phosphorylation of eIF2α in the SFV- or CHIKV-infected cells. Labelling of newly synthesized RNA with bromo-UTP showed that host transcription shutoff correlated with P-body disassembly at the same early stage (3–4 h) after infection. However, inhibition of global transcription with actinomycin D (ActD) failed to disassemble P-bodies as effectively as the viruses did. Interestingly, blocking nuclear import with importazole led to an efficient P-bodies loss. Our data reveal that P-bodies are disassembled independently from SG formation at early stages of Old World alphavirus infection and that nuclear import is involved in the dynamic of P-bodies.
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Pan, Wanbin, Yigang Wang, and Peng Du. "Automatic disassembly navigation for accurate virtual assembly path planning." Assembly Automation 34, no. 3 (2014): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-01-2014-008.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop an automatic disassembly navigation approach for human interactions in the virtual environment to achieve accurate and effective virtual assembly path planning (VAPP). Design/methodology/approach – First, to avoid the error-prone human interactions, a constraint-based disassembly method is presented. Second, to automatically provide the next operable part(s), a disassembly navigation mechanism is adopted. Finally, the accurate assembly path planning can be obtained effectively and automatically by inversing the ordered accurate disassembly paths, which are obtained interactively in the virtual environment aided with the disassembly navigation matrix. Findings – The applications present that our approach can effectively avoid the error-prone interactive results and generate accurate and effective VAPP. Research limitations/implications – There are several works that could be conducted to make our approach more general in the future: to further study the basic disassembly direction deducing rules to make the process of determining disassembly direction totally automatic, to consider the hierarchy of the parts in virtual reality system and to consider the space for assembly/disassembly tools or operators. Originality/value – The approach has the following characteristics: a new approach to avoid the error-prone human interactions for accurate assembly path planning obtaining, a new constraint deducing method for determining the disassembly semantics automatically or semi-automatically is put forward and a new method for automatically identifying operable parts in VAPP is set forward.
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Srinivasan, Hari, and Rajit Gadh. "Efficient Geometric Disassembly of Multiple Components from an Assembly Using Wave Propagation." Journal of Mechanical Design 122, no. 2 (2000): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.533567.
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This paper analyzes the problem of disassembling multiple selected components from an assembly, defined as selective disassembly, and presents algorithms for efficient disassembly analysis of geometric models. Applications for selective disassembly include assembling, maintenance and recycling. A new approach called ‘Disassembly Wave Propagation’ is proposed to determine a selective disassembly sequence with minimal component removals from an assembly. This approach defines: (i) disassembly waves to topologically arrange the components denoting the disassembly order and (ii) intersection events between the waves to determine the selective disassembly sequences. In order to evaluate a minimal removal sequence in a feasible computation time, algorithms are proposed that prioritize and process the intersection events based on the order in which they occurred. The proposed algorithms analyze selective disassembly from the geometric perspective and are applicable for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional product assemblies. [S1050-0472(00)01402-1]
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Endo, Masayuki. "Surface Assembly of DNA Origami on A Lipid Bilayer Observed Using High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy." Molecules 27, no. 13 (2022): 4224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134224.
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The micrometer-scale assembly of various DNA nanostructures is one of the major challenges for further progress in DNA nanotechnology. Programmed patterns of 1D and 2D DNA origami assembly using specific DNA strands and micrometer-sized lattice assembly using cross-shaped DNA origami were performed on a lipid bilayer surface. During the diffusion of DNA origami on the membrane surface, the formation of lattices and their rearrangement in real-time were observed using high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM). The formed lattices were used to further assemble DNA origami tiles into their cavities. Various patterns of lattice–tile complexes were created by changing the interactions between the lattice and tiles. For the control of the nanostructure formation, the photo-controlled assembly and disassembly of DNA origami were performed reversibly, and dynamic assembly and disassembly were observed on a lipid bilayer surface using HS-AFM. Using a lipid bilayer for DNA origami assembly, it is possible to perform a hierarchical assembly of multiple DNA origami nanostructures, such as the integration of functional components into a frame architecture.
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Gutiérrez, T., J. I. Barbero, and A. Eguidazu. "Virtual Assembly and Disassembly Simulation." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 31, no. 7 (1998): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)40253-9.
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Boothroyd, G., and L. Alting. "Design for Assembly and Disassembly." CIRP Annals 41, no. 2 (1992): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)63249-1.
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Heride, Claire, Sylvie Urbé, and Michael J. Clague. "Ubiquitin code assembly and disassembly." Current Biology 24, no. 6 (2014): R215—R220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.02.002.
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