Artículos de revistas: "Asymmetric partnerships"

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Figueroa, Nicolás y Vasiliki Skreta. "Asymmetric partnerships". Economics Letters 115, n.º 2 (mayo de 2012): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.12.083.

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Park, Jaehong, Kumju Hwang y Sang-Joon Kim. "Forming a Social Partnership between a Small Social Enterprise and a Large Corporation: A Case of the Joint Platform, H-JUMP". Sustainability 10, n.º 10 (10 de octubre de 2018): 3612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103612.

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This study illustrates how partnerships in asymmetric power relationships, such as social enterprises and large established firms, can be made in the context of social partnership. We acknowledge that partnerships with large corporations can help social enterprises to overcome several structural barriers they may encounter in forming and sustaining their business models. However, these partnerships can be situated in asymmetric power relationships as resource dependence unfolds. Thus, paradoxically, a partnership with a large corporation can be another challenge to the social enterprise. In absorbing these constraints, we propose that a social enterprise should come up with a stylized social partnership model, utilizing their social capital when engaging in the formation of such a power-imbalanced partnership. We conducted an in-depth case study which presents how a small and young social enterprise can achieve a viable partnership with a large, established firm. Our findings show that social enterprises can form and develop long-term sustainable partnerships with large corporations using a stylized platform strategy with social capital and relational governance in the process of collective value creation.

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Minshall, Tim, Letizia Mortara, Robert Valli y David Probert. "Making “Asymmetric” Partnerships Work". Research-Technology Management 53, n.º 3 (mayo de 2010): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2010.11657631.

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Pérez, Lourdes y Jesús J. Cambra-Fierro. "Uneven partners: managing the power balance". Journal of Business Strategy 36, n.º 6 (16 de noviembre de 2015): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-10-2014-0126.

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Purpose – Research suggests that asymmetry has a negative impact on value creation and value distribution and assumes that the smaller partner has an inferior position and must defend itself from value misappropriation. However, industries are plagued with a range of business relationships of varying degree of imbalance. Ambitious and growth-oriented small firms enter relationships with larger counterparts, tolerate the imbalance and learn to achieve successful outcomes. In spite of the increasing importance of asymmetric partnerships, there are still many research and conceptual lacunas. Design/methodology/approach – Ideas and conclusions of this paper are based on the authors’ experience as well as on evidence from a qualitative case study conducted at a small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) and one of its key larger partners. Findings – Findings reveal that asymmetric partnerships may offer a clear route to value creation and innovation for firms. Moreover, both partners can fully appropriate the value jointly generated. Originality/value – Asymmetric partnerships, generally characterized by large dissimilarities between firms, offer the possibility of moving beyond the zero-sum game, where firms obtain value at the expense of their partners. By examining the development and dynamic aspects of these partnerships, we found a novel concept, “dual-value appropriation”, and addressed the issues of how and under which conditions dual value emerges to explain the success of asymmetric partnerships.

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ALLMENDINGER, MARTIN P. y ELISABETH S. C. BERGER. "SELECTING CORPORATE FIRMS FOR COLLABORATIVE INNOVATION: ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISION MAKING IN ASYMMETRIC PARTNERSHIPS". International Journal of Innovation Management 24, n.º 01 (21 de enero de 2019): 2050003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919620500036.

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Large companies increasingly look for collaborations with new ventures to accelerate their innovation process, and researchers stress the potential of such partnerships to develop innovations. But when are entrepreneurs willing to engage in a partnership with a larger player? We seek to understand when founders of new ventures are willing to engage in such asymmetric partnerships through consideration of the characteristics of the entrepreneurial decision maker and the perceived attributes of the larger counterpart. The results of a conjoint experiment with 115 startup entrepreneurs suggest that among the partner selection criteria a high level of openness on the part of the large corporate company and concise contractual design signal trustworthiness to entrepreneurs, which has a positive impact on their willingness to engage in collaborative innovation. Our study also suggests that entrepreneurs’ self-efficacy reduces the willingness to partner and the positive impact of concise contractual designs. The results have implications for the self-concept and design of innovation and partner management of large firms, and for entrepreneurs who consider asymmetric partnerships a growth opportunity.

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Feinstein, Jonathan S. "Asymmetric information, accounting manipulations, and partnerships". Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 26, n.º 1 (enero de 1995): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(94)00064-l.

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Lawther, Wendell C. y Harold W. Worrall. "The Dynamic Nature of Public-Private Relationships: The Case of the Orlando Orange County Expressway Authority". Public Works Management & Policy 3, n.º 1 (julio de 1998): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x9800300104.

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The asymmetric relationship between governments and vendors makes a public-private partnership difficult to achieve, according to principal-agent theory, because vendors have more opportunities to shirk their contracted duties than governments can control. The experience of the Orlando Orange County Expressway Authority illustrates how the use of incentives helps achieve partnerships.

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HOGENHUIS, BABKE N., ELLIS A. VAN DEN HENDE y ERIK JAN HULTINK. "UNLOCKING THE INNOVATION POTENTIAL IN LARGE FIRMS THROUGH TIMELY AND MEANINGFUL INTERACTIONS WITH YOUNG VENTURES". International Journal of Innovation Management 21, n.º 01 (enero de 2017): 1750009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919617500098.

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Since the introduction of open innovation (OI), both firms and academics have widely acknowledged the potential of unlocking large firms’ innovation potential through interactions with external parties, such as young ventures. These asymmetric partnerships are prone to several problems related to communication, roles and responsibilities, cultural differences, and operational issues, for which solutions and best practices have been proposed. However, all these solutions focus on the partnership itself; hence, on the “Get & Manage (GM)” stages. Unfortunately, the processes leading to a partnership; i.e., the “Want & Find (WF)” stages before the partnership, have largely been overlooked. The central thesis of this manuscript is that solutions that are implemented in the early “WF” stages have a positive impact on the outcomes of an asymmetric large firm — young venture partnership. We will show that attention to set-up and communication efforts in these early stages is needed, and discuss how our detailed explanations of such fruitful solutions contribute to the extant literature on asymmetric OI collaborations.

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Xiang, Pengcheng y Jinan Wang. "Research on Preventing Moral Hazard of Construction Project Based on Information Asymmetries". Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 8, n.º 1 (31 de diciembre de 2014): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801408010468.

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There exists the problem of information asymmetry among the participants in construction project who form economic partnerships one another. Information asymmetries among the participants in construction project places a premium on adverse selection and moral hazard. The major objective of this article is to implement the mechanisms of incentive and monitoring under the framework of principal-agent theory in analysis of moral hazard of construction project and to explore how to prevent it. The optimization model of incentive and monitoring under the circumstance of asymmetric information will be founded on the basis of the analysis of the effect of incentive and monitoring mechanisms in the principal- agent relationship. It indicates that reliability of information can be increased when bringing incentive and monitoring mechanisms into reward contract, which can prevent moral hazard of construction project.

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Loertscher, Simon y Cédric Wasser. "Optimal structure and dissolution of partnerships". Theoretical Economics 14, n.º 3 (2019): 1063–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/te2608.

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For a partnership model with general type distributions and interdependent values, we derive the optimal dissolution mechanisms that, for arbitrary initial ownership, maximize any convex combination of revenue and social surplus. The solution involves ironing around typically interior worst‐off types, which are endogenously determined. The optimal ownership structures are such that, with identical distributions, equal shares are always optimal. With nonidentical distributions, the optimal shares are typically asymmetric, the identity of the agents with large shares may change with the importance of revenue generation, and even fully concentrated initial ownership and assigning zero shares to the strongest agents can be optimal.

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Ackerman, Jeff y Layton Field. "The Gender Asymmetric Effect of Intimate Partner Violence on Relationship Satisfaction". Violence and Victims 26, n.º 6 (2011): 703–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.6.703.

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Our research examined the association between intimate partner violence and relationship satisfaction among victims. The negative association between victimization and relationship satisfaction was substantially stronger for females than for males. Comparisons between respondents reporting about same-sex relationships with those reporting about opposite-sex relationships provided evidence that the amplified victimization/satisfaction association among female victims is a victim-gender effect rather than an actor-gender effect. In other words, our findings suggest that aggression harms the quality of the intimate partnerships of females much more so than the partnerships of males regardless of whether a male or a female is the perpetrator. We supplemented dialogue about the direct implications of our findings with discussions about how these results may raise conceptual questions about the adequacy of the instruments scholars use to study partner aggression.

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Kalaignanam, Kartik, Venkatesh Shankar y Rajan Varadarajan. "Asymmetric New Product Development Alliances: Win-Win or Win-Lose Partnerships?" Management Science 53, n.º 3 (marzo de 2007): 357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0642.

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Tittel-Mosser, Fanny. "The Unintended Legal and Policy Relevance of EU Mobility Partnerships". European Journal of Migration and Law 20, n.º 3 (12 de septiembre de 2018): 314–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718166-12340033.

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Abstract The Mobility Partnerships between the European Union and third countries have a negative image as they are often viewed as a tool of migration control rather than a flexible instrument to enhance mobility. Yet so far scholars have predominantly investigated the asymmetric negotiation of Mobility Partnerships as well as their limited consequences for migrant rights in EU Member States. What is often overlooked is that these partnerships can also influence the development of the legal and policy frameworks of third countries in ways that go beyond what is foreseen at the time of the negotiation of the instruments. This article combines a comparative legal analysis of the development of the legal frameworks in Morocco and Cape Verde with an empirical study of the implementation of Mobility Partnerships’ projects in relation to national migration strategies. The analysis demonstrates that Mobility Partnerships, despite their non-binding nature, have legal and policy relevance for these third countries with regard to the regulation of migration, asylum, human trafficking and even labour law.

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Yang, Naiding, Yue Song, Yanlu Zhang y Jingbei Wang. "Dark side of joint R&D collaborations: dependence asymmetry and opportunism". Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 35, n.º 4 (27 de marzo de 2020): 741–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-11-2018-0354.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to enhance the comprehensive understanding of the roles of resource investments, explicit contracts and three components of guanxi (i.e. renqing, ganqing and mianzi) in asymmetric research and development (R&D) partnerships. Treating dependence asymmetry as a multidimensional construct, this study examines the moderating effects of these elements on the relationships between resources and information asymmetry and opportunism. Design/methodology/approach The study was executed by issuing questionnaires to R&D managers participating in R&D projects and collaborations in the Shanghai and Jiangsu provinces via e-mail and face to face surveys. A multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Findings The empirical test generally supported the conceptual model and produced the following findings: first, resources and information asymmetry significantly and positively affect opportunism. Second, the partner’s resource investments can weaken the effect of resources and information asymmetry on the partner’s opportunism. Third, explicit contracts can reduce the impact of information asymmetry on the partner’s opportunism. Fourth, renqing and ganqing but not mianzi can weaken the influence of information asymmetry on the partner’s opportunism. Originality/value This study provides a comprehensive and clear understanding of how opportunism can be curbed by jointly considering resource investments, explicit contracts and guanxi in asymmetric R&D cooperative relationships. Moreover, dependence asymmetry and guanxi are measured as a multidimensional construct and reveal their underlying structure, which expands previous understandings of risk management in R&D collaborations.

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Singh, Rajendra, Aaron Baird y Lars Mathiassen. "Collaboration risk management in IT-enabled asymmetric partnerships: Evidence from telestroke networks". Information and Organization 28, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2018): 170–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2018.10.001.

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Burdon, Stephen, Grant Richard Mooney y Hiyam Al-Kilidar. "Navigating service sector innovation using co-creation partnerships". Journal of Service Theory and Practice 25, n.º 3 (11 de mayo de 2015): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-08-2013-0164.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse a series of engineering services partnerships to better understand requisites needed in building high value co-creation alliances – especially where innovation is the strategic goal. Design/methodology/approach – Using a combination of quantitative surveys, qualitative “deep-dive” assessments and a small number of in-situ mini-case investigations this research sets out to analyse 99 joint-venture innovation partnerships. These ventures represent a variety of asymmetric and symmetric alliances within the engineering services sector. Particular emphasis is given to those where the prerequisites for co-creative innovation are either in place or could be built. Findings – Partnering and progressing innovative ideas are important behaviours for organisations seeking higher levels of commercial success and competitive advantage. Navigating the partnering dynamic can also be harder than expected, potentially hindered by misunderstandings and differing expectations between enterprises. Particularly for symmetric endeavours, success often hinges upon not only having clarity in the degree of innovation sought but also alignment as to the depth and stage of the partnering dynamic itself. However, when such collaboration works customer satisfaction and associated contract retention can increase significantly. Originality/value – Most inter-company innovation projects historically seem to occur where one firm is significantly larger than the other. In contrast, this study highlights issues encountered when innovation co-creation projects are undertaken by a mature (as opposed to maturing) organisation in collaboration with partners where the power balance is similar between the two enterprises. In such cases, customer satisfaction surveys can be useful tools for objectively navigating the innovation co-creation experience.

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Pfoser, Alena y Sara de Jong. "‘I’m not being paid for this conversation’: Uncovering the challenges of artist–academic collaborations in the neoliberal institution". International Journal of Cultural Studies 23, n.º 3 (27 de noviembre de 2019): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877919885951.

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Artist–academic collaborations are fuelled by increasing institutional pressures to show the impact of academic research. This article departs from the celebratory accounts of collaborative work and pragmatic toolkits for successful partnerships, which are dominant in existing scholarship, arguing for the need to critically interrogate the structural conditions under which collaborations take place. Based on a reflexive case study of a project developed in the context of Tate Exchange, one of the UK’s highest-profile platforms for knowledge exchange, we reveal three sets of (unequal) pressures, which mark artist–academic collaborations in the contemporary neoliberal academy: asymmetric funding and remuneration structures; uneven pressures of audit cultures; acceleration and temporal asymmetries. Innovations at the level of individual projects or partners can only mitigate the negative effects to a limited extent. Instead this article offers a systemic critique of the political economy of artist–academic collaborations and shifts the research agenda to developing a collective response.

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Zhen, Jie, Zhuopin Guo, Yiying Qu y Hao Ren. "The Relationship between Intellectual Property Risk and Stability of Asymmetric Research and Development Alliance". Complexity 2021 (6 de septiembre de 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2949067.

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Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) establish asymmetric research and development (R&D) alliance with core enterprises to improve innovation efficiency. Unfortunately, the gap in the status and bargaining power between enterprises in such partnerships makes the intellectual property risk situation complicated. While gaining support and assistance from core enterprises, SMEs face the risk of exposing their core knowledge and key resources, which seriously affects the stability of R&D alliance and the sustainability of cooperative innovation. How to protect the intellectual property rights of SMEs in the asymmetric R&D alliance and improve the alliance’s stability is an urgent problem to be solved. Based on the theory of resource dependence and transaction cost, this study uses 260 high-tech companies participating in the asymmetric R&D alliance as a sample to conduct empirical research from the perspective of SMEs in a weak position. The purpose of this study is to sort out the types of intellectual property risks in the alliance and clarify the relationship between them and the stability of asymmetric R&D alliance. Furthermore, this study examines the moderating effects of contract governance mechanisms and relational contracts to explore effective governance mechanisms at the alliance level. Empirical results show that the intellectual property investment risk and the intellectual property loss risk have a significant negative impact on the stability of asymmetric R&D alliance. The contract governance mechanism negatively moderates the impact of intellectual property investment risk on the stability of the asymmetric R&D alliance. The relationship governance mechanism negatively moderates the impact of intellectual property loss risk on the stability of the asymmetric R&D alliance. The contract and relationship governance mechanism jointly negatively moderate the impact of intellectual property investment risk and loss risk on the stability of the asymmetric R&D alliance.

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Hernández‐Espallardo, Miguel y Narciso Arcas‐Lario. "Unilateral control and the moderating effects of fairness on the target's performance in asymmetric channel partnerships". European Journal of Marketing 37, n.º 11/12 (diciembre de 2003): 1685–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090560310495410.

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Usai, Antonio, Veronica Scuotto, Alan Murray, Fabio Fiano y Luca Dezi. "Do entrepreneurial knowledge and innovative attitude overcome “imperfections” in the innovation process? Insights from SMEs in the UK and Italy". Journal of Knowledge Management 22, n.º 8 (3 de diciembre de 2018): 1637–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-01-2018-0035.

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PurposeEntrepreneurial knowledge spurs innovation and, in turn, generates a competitive advantage. This paper aims to explore if entrepreneurial knowledge combined with the attitude to innovate can overcome the key “imperfections” of the innovation process generated by dynamic, current technological progress in the knowledge-intensive sector. The “imperfections” identified in risk management, asymmetric information in the knowledge management process and hold-up problems can all disrupt collaborative partnerships and limit opportunities for innovation.Design/methodology/approachA theory-building approach is applied which offers a case study analysis of two small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). These two SMEs operate in Europe but in two different territories: the UK and Italy. The study explores three key imperfections, risk management, asymmetric information in the knowledge management process and hold-up problems, which occur in the innovation process.FindingsThe entrepreneurs face these imperfections by adopting an open innovation model. Notwithstanding, both entrepreneurs had to deal with all “imperfections”, and their skills, attributes, attitude and aptitude allowed them to grow their business and continually develop new products. Therefore, the imperfections do not limit the innovative capacity of an entrepreneur but rather enhance their challengeable attitude. In this regard, the case studies induce a further analysis on entrepreneurial knowledge intertwined with entrepreneurial risk management and networking skills.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical significance of the two cases does not allow theorisation. However, this research offers interesting results which can be strengthened by a comparative case study with other countries or deeper investigation by applying a quantitative approach.Originality/valueBy leveraging entrepreneurial knowledge, the imperfections noted in the innovation process can be overcome. Entrepreneurial knowledge is recognised as the main asset of an enterprise if it is combined with external talent or human resources. Entrepreneurs aim to develop innovative approaches and ideas through establishing both formal and informal collaborative partnership relationships which are used thanks to the entrepreneurs’ networking skills, knowledge and abilities.

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DE GROOTE, JULIA K. y JULIA BACKMANN. "INITIATING OPEN INNOVATION COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN INCUMBENTS AND STARTUPS: HOW CAN DAVID AND GOLIATH GET ALONG?" International Journal of Innovation Management 24, n.º 02 (25 de enero de 2019): 2050011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919620500115.

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In recent years, the phenomenon of open innovation has been on the rise in established firms, especially in terms of collaboration with startups. While the success factors of open innovation endeavours have been researched intensively, how collaborations are established is not well understood. Furthermore, there is a lack of research regarding asymmetric partnerships in open innovation, occurring when incumbents and startups collaborate. This study used a qualitative research design to approach the question of how incumbents select startups as partners in open innovation. The data incorporate the perspectives of both incumbents and startups along with the views of external experts. The findings are consolidated into a process model of partner selection for open innovation.

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Xing, Huige, Yuelin Li y Hongyang Li. "Renegotiation Strategy of Public-Private Partnership Projects with Asymmetric Information—An Evolutionary Game Approach". Sustainability 12, n.º 7 (26 de marzo de 2020): 2646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072646.

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The characteristics of public-private partnerships (PPPs) determine that renegotiation is inevitable. Moreover, the strategic choice of the government and investors during renegotiation is critical for the project to continue. Previous studies suggested that the government’s decision-making mistakes and investors’ opportunism during renegotiation are the significant reasons for project failures. However, most of the research focused on the behavioral decision of one party while few have applied evolutionary game theory to study the mutual influence of the strategy choices of both parties involved. To address this issue, this paper established an evolutionary game model of the government’s and investors’ renegotiation strategies, and analyzed the evolutionary stability strategy and related parameters. The results showed that the government’s selection of strategy is based on two values, i.e., the buyback cost and the difference between subsidy cost and the expected social benefit of the project in the future. The higher the expected social benefit, the higher the probability that the government chooses to maintain the project. Besides, investors’ strategy is mainly determined by speculative net benefit and financial status. The probability of investors’ opportunism is positively correlated with the speculative net benefit and negatively correlated with the project benefit of non-opportunism. In addition, cooperative benefits created by reasonable participation in the project will effectively restrict opportunistic behaviors, and the interactive behavior of both game players will move toward the optimal portfolio strategy. This study can provide relevant management suggestions for avoiding excessive subsidies and restraining opportunistic behaviors, which are conducive to the sustainable development of PPP projects.

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Mkhabela, Thulasizwe. "Dual moral hazard and adverse selection in South African agribusiness: it takes two to tango". International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, n.º 3 (20 de marzo de 2018): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2016.0177x.

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The paper employs a dual moral hazard and adverse selection model to analyse partnerships in agribusiness under joint venture contracts with asymmetric information and imperfect quality measurement by the agent and principal both of which contribute to the final quality of the product in terms of production effort and marketing (offtake) effort, respectively. A salient feature of this paper is the analysis of the ramifications of joint venture contract for quantity and quality, which is often deficient in most previous analyses of moral hazard. The research found that contracts that have rewards based on the quantity produced weakened the agent’s incentive to make effort in ensuring quality. This finding could explain why most contracts in agriculture for products with differentiated markets rarely use retail-price conditioned contracts.

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Elias, Barbara. "The likelihood of local allies free-riding: Testing economic theories of alliances in US counterinsurgency interventions". Cooperation and Conflict 52, n.º 3 (11 de abril de 2017): 309–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836717701966.

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In counterinsurgency interventions, free-riding by small, local allies is persistent. Yet, the literature on free-riding by small allies is largely limited to conventional multilateral partnerships, such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, neglecting other types of asymmetric alliances. Using new data containing 144 US requests to local allies in Vietnam, Iraq and Afghanistan, this article tests the logic of economic theories of alliances in counterinsurgency interventions. I find even when small allies are explicitly asked to contribute to alliance-wide security goods, they are likely to free-ride almost half the time (45%), and the likelihood of free-riding is dependent on whether local allies can be excluded by larger allies. This conclusion upholds the logic of economic models, since shared defense goods that exclude local allies fail to meet the criteria of public goods.

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Wang, Luyao. "Research on Supply Chain Governance Strategy: game value analysis based on Incomplete Contract Theory". E3S Web of Conferences 257 (2021): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125702016.

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There are potential opportunistic risks in the partnerships of enterprises in different industries. Asymmetric information, incomplete decision-making and Human bounded rationality are factors for the formation of opportunistic risks, and adopting external governance is a feasible way to defuse the risks. Supply chain governance is a new type of governance which is different from enterprise governance. Its scope of governance is wider than enterprise governance. It is the performance of environmental evolution and organizational innovation. Based on the incomplete contract, this paper analyzes the game between the supplier and the manufacturer. It is found that in the process of the game, the cooperation benefits of both parties are the largest and the distribution of benefits is the fairest. Therefore, combined with the theory of supply chain governance, this paper hopes to maximize the value of supply chain by optimizing the supply chain governance strategy under the condition of incomplete contract.

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Nyiramana, Christine y Emmanuel Niyibizi. "Development Education and Global Learning: Lessons from Educationists in the Global South- Members of GPENreformation". ZEP – Zeitschrift für internationale Bildungsforschung und Entwicklungspädagogik 2020, n.º 04 (4 de diciembre de 2020): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31244/zep.2020.04.05.

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The celebration of the 500th Protestant Reformation Jubilee in 2017 has boosted the creation of an international network of Protestant institutions named GPENreformation, which currently brings together more than 46,000 schools and universities from all over the world of which more than half the members are from the African continent. These institutions join in different educational activities which allow the sharing of experiences through, for instance, short or long-term global learning projects. The article explores lessons learnt by protestant educationists in the Global South members of GPENreformation through a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews and thematic content analysis. The findings indicate that participants find the network as an open space and dialogue among schools in the Global South and North. Moreover, the network has contributed to the change of perspectives from a closer nationalism to more open international perspectives. The GPENreformation has likewise engineered the regional networks contributing to actions and reflections of peace and values in the Global South. However, inequality of school resources and asymmetric understanding of partnerships should be reflected in the GPENreformation.

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Lie, Ann Louise. "Power in Global Nutrition Governance". Global Governance 25, n.º 2 (10 de junio de 2019): 277–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02502006.

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Abstract Global public-private partnerships for health and nutrition have proliferated since the 1990s—a trend raising important questions about authority and legitimacy in global governance. Yet within the fields of international relations and public health, there has been only limited empirical research into the global politics and power dynamics behind such partnerships. This article explores how and why the Scaling Up Nutrition partnership was established. Drawing on interviews, observations, and document analysis, it demonstrates how public and private actors exercise combinations of instrumental, structural, and discursive power to normalize and institutionalize their interests and values at the global level. The study highlights as such the complexities behind the increased privatization of global nutrition governance and the importance of power analysis to uncover the normative contestations and asymmetries of power behind global partnership creation.

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Birket-Smith, Anna Holst. "Taxation of Partnerships - Economic general report for the Nordic Tax Research Council′s annual meeting on 22 May 2015 in Aarhus". Nordic Tax Journal 2015, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2015): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntaxj-2015-0012.

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Abstract From an economic perspective a partnership is an odd construction. Generally, an economist will distinguish between physical persons and companies. However, partnerships are a combination of a person and a company. This report will attempt to give an overview of how the taxation of partnerships affects the organization of businesses and the role played by partnerships in the business structure in the Nordic countries.The Economic General Report is based on the Economic National Reports from Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Iceland. This report will include relevant information from the four reports. It is not an exhaustive study of the effects of the tax treatment of partnerships. However, it will examine how taxation of partnerships changes the incentive to choose a certain form of organization and it will give an illustration on how the different tax rules in the Nordic countries work. Particularly, it seeks to identify asymmetries in the taxation of different types of company structures, and the role of partnerships in the business structure.

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Маличенко y I. Malichenko. "Formation of the System of Continuous Improvement of Competencies of an Individual Within Professional and Corporate Training". Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 4, n.º 4 (17 de agosto de 2015): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13238.

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The disturbance of the modern model of the reproduction of human capital is seen in the asymmetric distribution of information and intellectual resources in the sector of the real economy, the education marketandthe labor market. The new model of informational and networking interaction among economic actors and agents of the education market within the framework of public-private partnerships and co-developed knowledge management system that takes into account the needs and expectations of all stakeholders in the educational process will signifi cantly reduce the deformation of the education system and join eff orts in the formation of intellectual and innovation-oriented economy in Russia, where the inexhaustible sources of economic growth will be opened in new specialists themselves. The article off ers organizational and management model for continuous training and development, bringing together members of professional and corporate entities for the purpose of continuous improvement of competency of the person in accordance with modern requirements of the market and the priorities of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. This attitude brings together the capabilities of all stakeholders in the formation of both young and practicing specialists through the use of eff ective methods of learning, development and knowledge management, organizational and communicational forms of interaction.

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Godovanyuk, Kira A. "India in British foreign policy: Challenges for partnership of liberal democracies". Asia and Africa Today, n.º 9 (2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750015442-8.

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The article provides insight into the UK approach towards India after Brexit. It is highlighted that this policy is incorporated into the new foreign strategy (“Global Britain”). The author outlines that British government set to build new partnerships with like-minded countries based on neoliberal values. Against the backdrop of global shifts towards Asia and rise of new powers the UK international priority is to build an advanced partnership with India. The author explores the asymmetry in British and Indian interests. London seeks to benefit from advanced trade and investment partnerships in such areas as information technology, green energy, pharmaceuticals, etc. London also expects that comprehensive partnership with New Delhi, including in defence and maritime security, will help strengthen its strategic position in the Indo-Pacific region. Supporting New Delhi in its ambition to become a regional leader, inviting to the G7 Summit and promoting other multilateral formats. Developing trade and investment amid the pandemic, the UK pursues to establish preferential bilateral relations. Britain seeks to present a partnership with democratic India as a counterbalance to communist China in a highly competitive international environment, guided by both values and economic interests.

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Clelland, David. "Beyond the city region? Uneven governance and the evolution of regional economic development in Scotland". Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 35, n.º 1 (febrero de 2020): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094219899917.

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The sub-national governance of economic development in the UK has, since 2010, been reconfigured towards city-regions and ‘place-based’ approaches at least notionally embedded in specific local needs and resources. In the context of asymmetric decentralisation and fiscal austerity, this raises questions about places outside or peripheral to this framework, and the risk of further divergence in relative capacities to ‘do’ economic development. While changes in England are subject to extensive critique, institutional arrangements in Scotland have received less attention, having avoided comparable dramatic restructuring. The governance of economic development has however undergone significant evolution, with elements of both centralisation and regionalisation apparent. This paper maps emerging sub-national geographies in Scotland through the lens of state rescaling and multi-scalar governance. Analysing processes of change, it argues that the UK Government’s extension of ‘City Deals’ to Scotland made more explicit tensions within an existing city-regional approach and prompted greater attention to implications for peripheral and non-city regions. The introduction of Deals for non-city regions, a system of regional economic partnerships, and a new enterprise agency for the rural South, can all be seen as attempts to reconcile this focus on city-regions as drivers of growth with a desire for ‘regional equity’, and as the latest developments in an ongoing search for the appropriate scales for policy.

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Dewulf, Art y Willem Elbers. "Power in and over Cross-Sector Partnerships: Actor Strategies for Shaping Collective Decisions". Administrative Sciences 8, n.º 3 (12 de agosto de 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci8030043.

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While cross-sector partnerships are sometimes depicted as a pragmatic problem solving arrangements devoid of politics and power, they are often characterized by power dynamics. Asymmetries in power can have a range of undesirable consequences as low-power actors may be co-opted, ignored, over-ruled, or excluded by dominant parties. As of yet, there has been relatively little conceptual work on the power strategies that actors in cross-sector partnerships deploy to shape collective decisions to their own advantage. Insights from across the literatures on multiparty collaboration, cross-sector partnerships, interactive governance, collaborative governance, and network governance, are integrated into a theoretical framework for empirically analyzing power sources (resources, discursive legitimacy, authority) and power strategies (power over and power in cross-sector partnerships). Three inter-related claims are central to our argument: (1) the intersection between the issue field addressed in the partnership and an actor’s institutional field shape the power sources available to an actor; (2) an actor can mobilize these power sources directly in strategies to achieve power in cross-sector partnerships; and, (3) an actor can also mobilize these power sources indirectly, through setting the rules of the game, to achieve power over partnerships. The framework analytically connects power dynamics to their broader institutional setting and allows for spelling out how sources of power are used in direct and indirect power strategies that steer the course of cross-sector partnerships. The resulting conceptual framework provides the groundwork for pursuing new lines of empirical inquiry into power dynamics in cross-sector partnerships.

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Larasati, Ami Retno y Triana Dewi Hapsari. "KEMITRAAN PETANI TEBU RAKYAT MITRA KREDIT DENGAN PG. SEMBORO DI KABUPATEN JEMBER". JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics) 13, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v13i1.16506.

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The partnership is an important solution in agriculture, especially in sugarcane commodities. The ideal partnership is profit and supports each other. But, the partnership process, in general, is inseparable from the existence of asymmetric information. Asymmetric information, also known as “information failure” occurs when one person has greater information than another in economic transactions. Asymmetric information can make low satisfaction with each other. The purpose of the research is to know-how about the satisfaction partnership that occurs between farmers and sugar factories. The last research problem is about the farmers' satisfaction index. It was analyzed by CSI and IPA. The farmer's satisfaction with credits KUR that analyzed by CSI showed 83,90%. It means that the result included in the excellent category. IPA analysis showed the attribute of disbursement of rendemen information and payment time of DO are the priority. CSI value of sugar cane farmers PKBL credit partners is 83.44%. This value is also in a very satisfying category. Based on the Importance and Performance Analysis (IPA) analysis, which includes attributing A (top priority), namely the attribute of credit fund disbursement, yield information and time of DO payment. Farmers' interest in these attributes is high but their implementation is still lacking. Keywords: Cane, Partnership Credit, Satisfaction Index, CSI, IPA.

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Lyra, Mariana Galvão, Ricardo Corrêa Gomes y Miriam Magdala Pinto. "Knowledge sharing relevance in social responsibility partnerships". Journal of Management Development 36, n.º 1 (13 de febrero de 2017): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-10-2014-0123.

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Purpose Corporate social responsibility (CSR) departments are often involved with civil society organizations (CSOs) through partnerships in order to develop projects. There are valuable exchanges and adaptation experiences involved in the process that goes beyond a project’s expected outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to show how knowledge sharing in a company’s CSO partnership occurs and explain the main drivers and the kind of value that could emerge from both sides. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a case study and analysed it according to its contribution by depicting the main drivers to boost knowledge sharing. The authors conducted interviews and supplemented them with documents and reports. Findings The study revealed learning issues from corporate and CSO sides. The authors found asymmetry in management education between companies and CSO employees. This study highlights the relevance of adjusting vocabulary to promote knowledge sharing benefits in partnerships. The presence of a “third party” in the partnership successfully helped management understand the importance of adjusting vocabulary to ease the project lifecycle flow. Originality/value The authors demonstrate how knowledge sharing as a CSR outcome improves managerial knowledge and boosts CSOs to seek opportunities for greater cooperation. The partnering possibilities become more apparent as a CSO learns how to deal with business, understands its vocabulary, context and interests. Additionally, corporate organizational learning relies on more knowledge about how CSOs operate and more information about the local community. Knowledge sharing efforts improve an organization’s commitment to develop social projects and improve the impact and legitimacy of CSR.

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Kaczmarski, Marcin. "The asymmetric partnership? Russia’s turn to China". International Politics 53, n.º 3 (11 de marzo de 2016): 415–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ip.2016.7.

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ZAIATS, Tetyana y Halyna KRAEVS’KA. "SOCIAL CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN UKRAINE". Economy of Ukraine 2020, n.º 12 (11 de diciembre de 2020): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2020.12.056.

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The urgency of the tasks related to the development of social capital as one of the intangible assets of territorial communities is due to the need to increase their financial capacity and organizational-economic self-sufficiency at the stage of unification and finding ways to ensure effective self-organization. Peculiarities of development of social capital of territorial communities in Ukraine are revealed, the basic sources and practices of its formation are considered, new possibilities of its strengthening on the basis of public activity are outlined. It is established that the advantages of the main sources and practices of social capital development of territorial communities, which are based on partnerships in the field of inter-municipal cooperation, public-private partnership and introduction of the institution of elders, are combined with significant limitations, first of all: lack of experience in self-organization of the population and the formation of regional and local leaders, creation of an atmosphere of trust and responsibility between interacting actors. Significant regional asymmetry in the practice of their application is due to differences in the priorities of decentralization of management, the development potential of the communities themselves, the levels of their activity. In the future, the development of social capital of territorial communities of Ukraine should be based on the priorities of the concept of sustainable inclusive growth aimed at enhancing community participation in local socio-economic development through employment and local labor markets. This will help strengthen territorial unity and strengthen the social capital of communities. The model of open social capital, focused on achieving a balance of individual, community and national interests with the priority of developing partnerships between government, business and the public, is strategically important. According to the experience of other countries, it is important to develop fundamentally new forms of partnership with a broad representation of social sector structures to perform tasks related to stimulating local development. Such promising partnership models open up new opportunities for social capitalization given the urgent needs of the local population.

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Oedl-Wieser, Theresia, Kerstin Hausegger-Nestelberger, Thomas Dax y Lisa Bauchinger. "Formal and Informal Governance Arrangements to Boost Sustainable and Inclusive Rural-Urban Synergies: An Analysis of the Metropolitan Area of Styria". Sustainability 12, n.º 24 (19 de diciembre de 2020): 10637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410637.

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In the past, the contrasts between rural and urban regions were the primary feature of analysis, while today, spatial dynamics are realized by the interactions between spaces and focus on the dependencies of rural-urban areas. This implies that boundaries are not anymore perceived as fixed but as flexible and fluid. With rising spatial interrelations, the concept of the “city-region” has been increasingly regarded as a meaningful concept for the implementation of development policies. Governance arrangements working at the rural-urban interface are often highly complex. They are characterized by horizontal and vertical coordination of numerous institutional public and private actors. In general, they provide opportunities to reap benefits and try to ameliorate negative outcomes but, due to asymmetric power relations, rural areas are often challenged to make their voice heard within city-region governance structures which can too easily become focused on the needs of the urban areas. This paper addresses these issues of rural-urban partnerships through the case of the Metropolitan Area of Styria. It presents analyses on the core issue of how to recognize the structure and driving challenges for regional co-operation and inter-communal collaboration in this city-region. Data were collected through workshops with regional stakeholders and interviews with mayors. Although the Metropolitan Area of Styria occupies an increased reference in policy discourses, the city-region has not grown to a uniform region and there are still major differences in terms of economic performance, the distribution of decision-making power, accessibility and development opportunities. If there should be established a stronger material and imagined cohesion in the city-region, it requires enhanced assistance for municipalities with less financial and personal resources, and tangible good practices of inter-municipal co-operation. The ability to act at a city-regional level depends highly on the commitment for co-operation in the formal and informal governance arrangement, and on the willingness for political compromises as well as on the formulation of common future goals.

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Campano, Gerald, María Paula Ghiso y Bethany Welch. "Ethical and Professional Norms in Community-Based Research". Harvard Educational Review 85, n.º 1 (18 de marzo de 2015): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.85.1.a34748522021115m.

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In this article Gerald Campano, María Paula Ghiso, and Bethany J. Welch explore the role of ethical and professional norms in community-based research, especially in fostering trust within contexts of cultural diversity, systemic inequity, and power asymmetry. The authors present and describe a set of guidelines for community-based research that were developed through collaborative inquiry into an ongoing research partnership with a multilingual and multiethnic Catholic parish and its school and community center. The norms emerged from investigating the reciprocal and recursive relationship between the authors' roles as scholars and practitioners. Campano, Ghiso, and Welch use this illustrative case to provide an example of how professional norms were conceptualized and enacted in an effort to nurture long-term research relationships across institutional and social boundaries. As research from university-community partnerships continues to grow, the authors emphasize the need to make explicit and to consider with greater specificity the ethical dimensions of our research.

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Nadybska, Oksana Yaroslavivna y Mykola Ivanovych Nadybskyi. "Canada – US strategic partnership: the experience of asymmetric relations". Politicus 5 (2019): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2414-9616-2019-5-49-53.

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Ishimaru, Ann M., Aditi Rajendran, Charlene Montaño Nolan y Megan Bang. "Community Design Circles: Co-designing Justice and Wellbeing in Family-Community-Research Partnerships". Journal of Family Diversity in Education 3, n.º 2 (10 de diciembre de 2018): 38–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.53956/jfde.2018.133.

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Researchers and practitioners of family engagement have long called for a move beyond conventional deficit-based family-school partnerships. In response, a burgeoning movement in the field has sought to identify and enact new forms of collaboration with nondominant families and communities, in terms of both change-making andthe process of research itself. In this article, we bridge the fields of family engagement and design-based research to conceptualize and illustrate a solidarity-driven process of partnership we undertook with families and communities of color, educators, and other researchers towards community-defined wellbeing and education justice. We offer community design circles as a methodological evolution aimed at reclaiming the central agentic role of families and communities of color in transforming educational research and practice. We illustrate three co-design dimensions with vignettes from a national-level participatory design research project called the Family Leadership Design Collaborative: 1) building from and with families’ and communities’ definitions of wellbeing and justice; 2) disrupting normative, asymmetrical dynamics; and 3) building capacity for social dreaming and changemaking.

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Korbi, Fadia Bahri. "Adopting inter-organizational information systems in asymmetrical partnerships". Systèmes d'information & management 24, n.º 2 (2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sim.192.0085.

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Leung, Ka Yin, Kimberly A. Powers y Mirjam Kretzschmar. "Gender asymmetry in concurrent partnerships and HIV prevalence". Epidemics 19 (junio de 2017): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2017.01.003.

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Zybareva, Oksana, Svitlana Belej y Oleg Luchyk. "Reproduction potential of rural areas in chernivtsi region in cross-border cooperation: asymmetries in development and ways of their overcoming". Actual problems of innovative economy, n.º 3 (30 de mayo de 2019): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2019-3-2.

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The deepening of cross-border cooperation opens new opportunities for the revitalization of rural areas and obtaining synergistic effect from interlacing reproductive potential of rural areas and subjects that are located there. Considering the dynamics of external environment, there is a need for researching new factors, forms, conditions and parameters of imbalanc-es overcome for rural development in the integration and convergence that affect the economic security of the state. The current realities of European integration processes strengthen the role of cross-border cooperation and open new opportunities for the development of rural areas. The convergence of the rural areas economy of the Euroregion ‘Upper Prut’ simultaneously acts as a catalyst and an indicator of the development of European integration of Ukraine. However, the current state of rural areas development of the Chernivtsi region is a process of uneven, asynchronous and disproportionate changes. The analysis of the development of rural areas showed an uneven development. The main disproportions in the development of rural areas of the Chernivtsi region are the following: monofunctional character of development; inefficient agriculture; negative impact on soil fertility, insufficient application of organic and mineral ferti-lizers; low income of the rural population; absence of conditions for the development of alternative business lines and their further diversification in rural areas; lack of an adequate mechanism for implementing financial support for the development of rural areas; Lack of economic interest to live and work in rural areas, motivation for work, unemployment, labor migra-tion, poverty. Asymmetric development of rural areas of the Chernivtsi region makes it difficult to use the border as a stimu-lating rather than inhibiting factor of cross-border convergence. It should be noted that Chernivtsi region has the opportunity to equalize the asymmetries in the development of rural areas, which are provided by a unique natural resource potential, features of land resources as a natural basis, human, scien-tific and technical potential. However, practice shows that if the normal course of economic processes is violated, without government intervention, there is an increase in disproportions and a socio-economic asymmetry in the development of rural areas. The conducted studies prove the necessity of developing a regional policy aimed at reducing asymmetries in the de-velopment of rural areas and searching for new forms of interaction between participants in cross-border cooperation. Elimination of disparities in rural development is possible through the cooperation of entities that are engaged in ru-ral economic activities, local authorities and the initiatives of the peasants themselves, through the formation of a network of partner organizations. Partnership between the authorities, business and the rural community should be based on the use of international standards of social responsibility that will establish clear requirements for the activities of business, govern-ment and society and thereby equalize existing asymmetries in the development of rural areas. Key words: rural areas, region, potential, diversification, asymmetry, rural area, cross-border cooperation.

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Desivilya Syna, Helena y Amit Rottman. "Role of Power Asymmetry Sensitivity in Jewish-Arab Partnerships". Conflict Resolution Quarterly 30, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2012): 219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crq.21058.

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Gurjar, Sankalp. "India–Africa Oil Partnership in the New Millennium". India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 74, n.º 2 (29 de abril de 2018): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928418766733.

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The nature of relationship between India–Africa has been simultaneously asymmetric as well as complementary. It is reflected in Indo-African oil relationship. In this oil relationship, India and Africa gain and loose at different period of time depending on the global oil prices. Higher oil prices put India at a disadvantageous position, whereas lower oil prices are not beneficial for oil producing and exporting states of Africa. Over the years, India has built oil ties, among others, with Nigeria, Sudan, South Sudan and Angola. By and large, Indo-African oil relations have witnessed a steady progress and gradual expansion in the new millennium. India’s quest for oil in Africa faces difficult challenge from China. In all likelihood, India’s rising oil demand and quest to diversify oil basket, geographically, will further strengthen the India–Africa oil relations.

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Visser, Anna. "Asymmetric Engagement: The Community and Voluntary Pillar in Irish Social Partnership". Irish Political Studies 31, n.º 2 (16 de febrero de 2015): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07907184.2015.1005365.

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Andersson, Thomas. "Approaches to partnerships causing asymmetries between Japan and the West". Japan and the World Economy 8, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1996): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-1425(96)00045-x.

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KLEYN, DOMINIQUE, RICHARD KITNEY y RIFAT A. ATUN. "PARTNERSHIP AND INNOVATION IN THE LIFE SCIENCES". International Journal of Innovation Management 11, n.º 02 (junio de 2007): 323–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919607001722.

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Government support for partnering between BioPharma companies and universities is growing in the UK and some European countries but few studies have explored these partnerships. Through interviews and a survey of key institutions we explored perceptions of key informants on industry and university partnerships. Study participants identified that partnering helped them to increase innovation in R&D and led them to adopt more open approaches to innovation. Organisational structures to coordinate and support partnerships; flexibility in operational management to solve problems in establishing and running these partnerships; leadership, especially by investigators to champion and lead collaborations; developing organisational capabilities of universities; and creation of an enabling environment by governments were identified as the critical success factors for partnering. The challenges faced were identified as lack of funding for university research teams; pressure on pricing from industry partners; disagreements on IP ownership; asymmetry of industry and university capabilities in partnering; and lack of administrative support with excessive bureaucracy from universities.

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Xiong, Wei, Xianbo Zhao y Huanming Wang. "Information Asymmetry in Renegotiation of Public–Private Partnership Projects". Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 32, n.º 4 (julio de 2018): 04018028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000763.

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Moro Visconti, Roberto. "Public private partnerships, big data networks and mitigation of information asymmetries". Corporate Ownership and Control 14, n.º 4 (2017): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i4c1art3.

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Public Private Partnerships (PPP) represent an increasingly frequent investment pattern where composite stakeholders interact in joint initiatives. Alignment of interests and consequent composition of conflicts is driven by the business purpose of the shared corporation, represented by a private Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) within a Project Financing (PF) investment package. Corporate governance implications go beyond the traditional contraposition between ownership and control, showing cooperative patterns where the value is co-created and distributed. Big data-driven networks represent a trendy issue that connects public and private stakeholders through digital platforms where data are shared in real time. Information asymmetries and governance concerns are consequently softened.

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