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T. Mugambi, Lawrence, Michael W. Okoth, and George O. Abong. "Nutrition and Evidence-Based Foods for Enhancement of Athletic Performance." Galore International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 8, no. 3 (December 20, 2023): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/gijhsr.20230310.
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Adequate Energy intake has been linked to enhanced athletic performance. Apart from energy, protein is a vital nutrient in athletics for its role in repairing worn out tissues and maintenance of positive Nitrogen balance which is essential for good health of the athletes. On the other hand, optimal muscular function requires adequate supply of calcium which also helps in maintenance of healthy, strong bones and prevention of fractures during competition. Sports’ anemia is a major challenge in athletics due to increased loss of iron through sweat. Therefore, athletes need adequate intake of iron to facilitate synthesis of new erythrocytes, maintenance of normal hemoglobin levels and prevention of sports’ anemia. We have aimed at having a comprehensive study on role of nutrition in enhancement of athletic performance. The objectives focused on role of Nutritional supplements, Carbohydrate, Protein, Calcium and Iron in enhancement of athletic performance. Keywords: Sports’ nutrition, Athlete’s nutrition, Athlete’s diet, Sports’ diet, Athlete’s performance.
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Pajapati, Sanjay Kumar, Lamlun Buhril, S. N. Tanushree Yadav, S. N. Shafeeq, and P. K. Aswathy. "Comparative Analysis of Athletes: An Anthropometric Profiles in Different Sports." International Journal of Kinanthropometry 4, no. 3 (December 19, 2024): 57–65. https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2436.
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Introduction: An athlete's capacity to succeed in their chosen sport is greatly influenced by their anthropometric traits, which are essential to sports performance. This cross-sectional study investigates how the anthropometric characteristics of athletes who play football, cycling, and athletics compare. This study looks into the distinct physical aspects of football, cycling, and sports to identify patterns and linkages that provide light on the relationship between specific body measures and athletic aptitude. Method: The present study used precise anthropometric measurements, such as height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, arm span, and various skinfold measurements (biceps, triceps, supraspinal, and subscapular), along with 60 male participants, ages 18 to 25 yr , who were selected from the athletics, football, and cycling demographics. Results: The football, cycling, and athletics athletes were compared morphologically using ANOVA tests and post hoc comparisons. The findings showed notable variations in the athletes' triceps skinfold, supraspinal skinfold, sitting height, fat mass, fat-free mass, and fat percentage. Compared to their counterparts in football and athletics, cyclists showed notably larger biceps skinfold, supraspinal skinfold, and fat percentages. This is probably because cycling is an endurance sport. Conversely, the athletes' group had higher sitting heights and football players had more body fat. Athletes also have greater fat-free mass than their counterparts in cycling and football. Conclusions: Findings of the present study demonstrate how an athlete's performance is influenced by anthropometric characteristics that are specific to a given sport. These variations may impact training regimens, methods for identifying talent, and customized treatments depending on the physical attributes of athletes in football, cycling, and athletics. Sports science will benefit from this study's filling in gaps in the literature and laying the groundwork for future research on enhancing athletic performance.
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Lens, Josh. "Collegiate Athletes’ Name, Image, and Likeness as a Constitutionally Protected Interest." SMU Law Review 78, no. 1 (2025): 41–82. https://doi.org/10.25172/smulr.78.1.3.
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Courts have long held that collegiate athletes’ athletics participation does not constitute a liberty or property interest afforded constitutional due process protection. Thus, universities, athletics departments, and coaches generally have not had to provide much process when suspending athletes from their teams for disciplinary reasons, for example. Recently, however, college athletics’ primary governing entity—the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA)—altered its longstanding rules to permit athletes to accept remuneration from third parties for the use of their names, images, and likenesses. This newfound ability has significantly benefited athletes in college athletics’ transformative name, image, and likeness (NIL) era. This Article examines the effect of collegiate athletes’ ability to accept NIL compensation on their due process rights. More specifically, it addresses the question whether the NCAA’s shift armed athletes with the added and unanticipated benefit of due process safeguards in instances where universities or athletics departments seek to withhold them from athletics participation for disciplinary reasons. To do so, this Article explores the following: (1) the current regulatory status of NIL in college athletics; (2) a 2024 District Court decision classifying an athlete’s ability to earn NIL compensation during athletics participation as a constitutionally protected interest and how it overlooks key components of relevant authorities; and (3) the decision’s numerous and significant ramifications for athletes, athletics departments, and universities.
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Bukstein, Scott. "Practical Strategies for Thought Leaders in College Athletics and Higher Education: Developing a “Meaningful Education and Career Preparation as Compensation” Model." Journal of Higher Education Athletics & Innovation, no. 1 (December 13, 2016): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5267.2016.1.1.61-72.
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Recent discussion amongst scholars and practitioners related to current issues in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college athletics has focused on areas such as the widespread commercialization of amateur sports, consistent corruption within athletics departments at NCAA member institutions, extensive exploitation of student-athletes and the necessity of a “pay for play” employee compensation model for student-athletes (see, for example, Benedict & Keteyian, 2014; Branch, 2011; Huma & Staurowsky, 2012; Nocera & Strauss, 2016; Southall & Staurowsky, 2013; Staurowsky, Maxcy, Karcher, Southall, Berri, & Otto, 2015). However, there has been minimal scholarly and industry discourse on how to leverage some of the revenues generated at the NCAA, conference and individual athletics program levels in order to develop innovative and sustainable higher education solutions that would prepare all student-athletes for career and personal success after participation in college athletics. The primary objective of this journal article is to encourage a more informed conversation about important issues in college athletics in part by proposing several practical strategies that would improve the overall student-athlete experience and further align participation in college athletics with the core goals of institutions of higher education. This research note provides an overview of the college athletics business model at Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) institutions within Division I of the NCAA. In addition, this article reviews the current NCAA Division I governance structure. An accurate knowledge of the business and governance realities within college athletics is essential to understanding that paying student-athletes an hourly wage or annual salary is actually not one of the main system issues or central student-athlete wellbeing priorities of advocates for student-athletes, athletics leaders and higher education administrators. This article analyzes the primary issues and areas in which key college athletics stakeholders presently seek change and improvement. This article also spotlights innovative, culturally relevant student-athlete career and professional development programs recently developed by the University of Central Florida, Oregon State University and Vanderbilt University. Finally, this article provides a series of recommendations for all stakeholders involved in college athletics to optimize the student-athlete academic and athletic experience and to improve the level of career preparedness of all student-athletes.
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Darvin, Lindsey, Alicia Cintron, and Meg Hancock. "¿Por qué jugar? Sport socialization among Hispanic/Latina female NCAA division I student-athletes." Journal of Amateur Sport 3, no. 2 (July 25, 2017): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jas.v3i2.6460.
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Representation of Hispanics/Latinas in intercollegiate athletics is lacking. During the 2014-2015 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletic season, only 2.2 percent of all female Division I student-athlete’s identified as Hispanic or Latina (NCAA, 2015). This low percentage of Hispanic/Latina female participants calls into question how these young women become involved in athletics and sustain their involvement within sport. While previous research has examined the socialization processes of youth athletes and parents of youth athlete participants, there is little research aimed at examining these processes for elite-level athlete participants (Dorsch, Smith, & McDonough, 2015; Greendorfer, Blinde, & Pellegrini, 1986;). Thus, the aim of this current study was to examine the potential factors that may have contributed to consistent sport participation for an elite group of Hispanic/Latina female athletes throughout their youth and collegiate careers. Participants for this study identified as current NCAA Division I Hispanic/Latina female student-athletes. Results showed that family, specifically parents and siblings, contributed to socializing Hispanic/Latina athletes into sport, while family and coaches contributed to the persistence of their athletic endeavors. Findings also show a sense of cultural indifference, youth coaches who invested in the participants long-term, and a significant involvement of the patriarch of the family in their athletic success.
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Lai, Chun. "The Application of Computer Aided Technology in the Sport Training (CAS)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5753–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5753.
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The aim of athletics is "higher, faster, and stronger". The athletes improve their speed and strength by challenge themselves all the time. Scientific training method is an effective way to improve athlete's level, besides hard training. CAS is such a scientific training method that will improve athlete's training level when it is applied in athletics training. This article makes a summary of athletics training on the basis of CAS, combining my study, and at the end it mainly deals with the furor of the application of CAS in athletics training.
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Coffey, Lisa, and Armani Davis. "The Holistic Approach to Academia: Traditional Classroom Instruction and Experiential Learning of Student-Athletes." Education Sciences 9, no. 2 (June 7, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci9020125.
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National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes represent a unique subculture on college campuses, and the athlete must balance the rigors of coursework, athletics, and the non-traditional dynamics associated with being an athlete, which include “dumb jock” stereotypes, isolation, negative criticism, and the fear associated with athletic retirement. Unlike non-athletes, these students face increasing pressure from outside sources, including family, coaches, and fans, to be the best. However, participation in athletics gives student-athletes an opportunity to learn valuable skills and characteristics that are transferrable to the workplace. This mixed-method research extracted descriptive data to identify the characteristics learned through athletics, the skill-sets potential employers value the most, and how those skills are transferable to the workplace. Those characteristics include refined leadership, communication skills, and an ability to multi-task with a laser-sharp focus. Student-athletes are assertive, driven, understand the concept of teamwork, and handle constructive criticism without adverse reactions. The results show that when student-athletes engage in the classroom and absorb the learning opportunities provided through athletics, student-athletes can have a competitive advantage in the job marketplace.
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Gruber, Carol A. "What Every Academic Advisor Should Know About Advising Student Athletes." NACADA Journal 23, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2003): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12930/0271-9517-23.1-2.44.
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Academic advisors may find particular challenges surrounding the needs of college-level student athletes. A number of important issues facing college advisors and athletes, including the campus climate toward athletics and athletes, the roles of the NCAA and the campus community in guiding the student athlete's academic and athletic experience, and the identified needs of this special student population are discussed. Information regarding both developmental advising issues and sports-specific issues affecting student athletes is provided along with suggested strategies for implementation by the academic advisor.
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Vostatková, Pavlína. "Czechoslovak Female Athletes at the International Scene During the Interwar Period between WWI and WWII." Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe 3, no. 4 (2020): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/sit.2020.03.26.
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Between the two world wars, women athletics got emancipated, as both sport successes and the viewers’ interest contributed to the International Olympic Committee and International Amateur Athletic Federation topmen to accept women athletics. The representatives of the Czechoslovak Federation of Handball and Female Sports and other women sports contributed largely to the development and emancipation of women athletics, and were present at the foundation of the world federation. The women’s athletics popularity for European sport public rose mostly thanks to the stars of the track, throw, and jump disciplines at the international events. Women athletes from Poland and Czechoslovakia held up in the competition of big sporting powers, notwithstanding their much more humble training possibilities. This paper focused on the most successful Czechoslovak women athletes that were able to achieve interesting results at the biggest women athletics events and managed to change the historical world tables in athletics. Used sources included their period contemporary journals and magazines and some till now unpublished registry data.
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Ketcham, Caroline, Lydia Bell, Eric Hall, and Anthony Weaver. "Intercollegiate Athletics Experience as a High Impact Practice: Examination of Quality Indicators." Journal of Higher Education Athletics & Innovation 1, no. 9 (November 8, 2022): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5267.2021.1.9.61-81.
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Intercollegiate student-athletes have lower access and participation rates compared to peers across the high-impact practices (HIPs). HIPs are an active learning practice that deepen learning through engagement. Recently, there has been a call to look at student experiences to identify ‘next-generation’ HIPs. The intercollegiate athletic experience shows lasting transformative benefits for participants and thus constitutes a ‘next-generation’ HIP. This paper provides evidence to support the concept of intercollegiate athletics as a HIP by: 1) presenting data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and National Survey on Student Engagement (NSSE) in support of athletics as a HIP; 2) share the perceptions of academic personnel in a mid-major Division I conference considering intercollegiate athletics as a fit for a next-generation HIP; and 3) utilizing the quality indicators of HIPs as a way to assess the athletic experience by student-athletes. In total these perspectives indicated that eight key quality elements of HIPs are part of a student’s athletics experience. Additional discussion includes the importance of integrating intentional feedback, reflection, and connection to real-world application to further align and deepen the athlete experience with quality measures of HIPs.
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Onifade, Ademola. "Operative Goals of Interuniversity Athletics: Perceptions of Athletics Administrators in Nigeria." Journal of Sport Management 7, no. 3 (September 1993): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.7.3.263.
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This paper examined athletics administrators' perceptions of the operative goals of interuniversity athletics in Nigeria. The study also analyzed the rankings of operative goals by subgroups based on age, educational qualification, competitive sport experience, and present job title. Data for the study were collected with the Scale of Athletic Priorities (Chelladurai, Inglis, & Danylchuk, 1984), which measures nine operative goals of interuniversity athletics. All groups were congruent in ranking prestige, public relations, athletes' personal growth, and entertainment as the four top objectives. These results were similar to those reported in the literature.
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Siduri Haslerig and Kirsten Hextrum. "Interventions in Support of Anti-Racist Praxis in Athletics." Journal of Higher Education Athletics & Innovation 2, no. 2 (April 19, 2024): 98–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5267.2024.2.2.98-120.
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Since the 1990s, college athletic departments have developed parallel and redundant student services that are specific to athletics, ostensibly to broaden the accessibility of these resources for athletes (Smith, 2011). However, this insularity can create echo chambers and totalize institutional norms (Comeaux, 2018; Hatteberg, 2013). Previous research has documented that many athletics practitioners, even those in student-facing roles, are neither trained as educators nor student affairs professionals (Navarro et al., 2015). Additionally, athletics practitioners are often untrained and unprepared to address racial equity topics and have little prior experience working with racially diverse students and coworkers (Bernhard & Haslerig, 2017). This article discusses two efforts to better prepare anti-racist athletics practitioners: one at the graduate level with students working as athletics graduate assistants (GAs) and pre-professional graduate students and a second with current athletics staff and administrators. Through the lenses of Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Critical Whiteness Studies, we discuss the need, development, and theory of change undergirding these two interventions implemented at the University of Oklahoma and offer suggestions of how other universities and athletic departments could approach and/or implement similar programming.
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Ulum, Shohibul, Ajodyo Yogo Dwi P, Ahmad Sulaiman, and Wahman Sumanjaya. "PENJARINGAN BAKAT SISWA-SISWI SMP/MTS PADA CABANG OLAHRAGA ATLETIK MELALUI MADRASAH ISLAMIC COMPETITION (MIC) 2024." ABIDUMASY Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 5, no. 02 (October 14, 2024): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33752/abidumasy.v5i02.6151.
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The lack of athletic competitions in Jember Regency, causing a decrease in achievement. Therefore, Madrasah Islamic Competition (MIC) cooperates with PASI (Indonesian Athletics Association) Jember Regency to organise competitions, one of which is athletic sports, especially running numbers. Madrasah Islamic Competition (MIC) is a competition event held by MAN 2 Jember to facilitate the talents and potential of junior high school / middle school students throughout Besuki Prefecture. One of the branches contested is the 100 m and 400 m run. Talent screening in this athletic sport is the main focus, with the aim of identifying and developing the potential of young athletes who can represent their schools and regions in larger competitions. This service activity aims to make it easier for PASI (All Indonesian Athletics Association) Jember Regency to choose athletes who are eligible to compete in the PORPROV (Provincial Sports Week). This service method uses several stages including; (1) Preparation Stage, (2) Implementation Stage, (3) Evaluation and Reporting Stage. This service activity aims to facilitate the coaches and administrators of PASI (All Indonesian Athletics Association) Jember Regency in selecting athletic athletes to be prepared for the PORPROV (Provincial Sports Week) event. So that students have the motivation to be selected to join the Jember Regency contingent in facing the event.
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Güler, Melek, and Bahar Güler. "Athleticism Through the Eyes of Athletes: A Metaphor Study." CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 20, no. 1 (January 26, 2025): 223–37. https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1557138.
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In addition to being one of the oldest sports branches known in the history of athletics, it is also used in metaphors (analogy) as the ‘ancestor of sports’ branches. It is also important to know how athletes in this sport see athletics from the many branch bars in it. In this context, the aim of this research is to reveal the sport of athletics from the eyes of athletics athletes through metaphors. The research is in the qualitative research model and it is in the case-science pattern. In the research, 136 (female:59, male: 77) athletes were allowed to participate voluntarily by using the purposeful sampling method. In the research, the said, ‘Athletics is for me...........because it's similar........" an example of a metaphor sentence is used. Content analysis was performed by simulating and coding the reason. As a result, 131 valid answers were taken into consideration. In the analysis of the data, coding and sorting, category development, validity and reliability stages were performed, and frequency (f) and percentage (%) values were determined in the Jamovi 2.3.21.0 statistical program for quantitative analysis. According to the results of the research, 116 valid metaphors and 5 categories were created out of 131 metaphors. The categories were determined as continuity of existence (n:42), source of joy (n:33), philosophy of life (n:20), purpose in sport (n:21) and invalid metaphors (n:15). As a result, it has been seen that athletics athletes produce positive metaphors for athleticism. Metaphors can be used as a tool to motivate athletes in the field of athletics
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Francique, Akilah. "Is excellence inclusive? The benefits of fostering Black female college athlete's sense of belonging." Journal of Higher Education Athletics & Innovation, no. 3 (March 22, 2018): 48–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5267.2018.1.3.48-73.
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The purpose of this research note is to urge intercollegiate athletic departments and their administrators to foster a sense of belonging amongst Black female college athletes to aid in their felt membership as a college athlete and support their development as viable employment candidates in college sport. Black female college athletes’ graduation rates are on the rise; however, these being hired at dismal rates in college sport. By fostering a sense of belonging, Black female college athletes as a historically marginalized group are able to feel a sense of connectedness in the athletics and greater university environment; athletic departments commit to major organizational change that values diversity and inclusion; and through its commitment, a culture of inclusive excellence is felt by all students, faculty, staff and athletic administrators and coaches. Keywords: Black female college athletes, college sport, intercollegiate athletics, sense of belonging, diversity and inclusion, inclusive excellence
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PRITCHARD, DAVID M. "Athletics in Satyric Drama." Greece and Rome 59, no. 1 (April 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383511000210.
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Satyric drama introduced athletics much more regularly as an activity than either comedy or tragedy. Many of its villains defeated hapless travellers in a boxing or wrestling bout before murdering them. Satyr-plays were often set at athletic contests where the satyrs of the chorus encountered athletes or tried to be competitors themselves. In one of his plays Euripides provided the most detailed critique of athletes in any genre of classical Athenian literature.
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Taramo, Abraham, and Israel Abosha. "Major Psychological Factors Affecting Short Distance Athlete’s Performance in Hadiya Zone Athletics Projects." International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 9, no. 2 (June 13, 2024): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20240902.11.
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This study is explored the major psychological factors like personality and anxiety affects short distance athlete’s performance of Hadiya Zone athletics projects. The researcher was used both probability and non-probability sampling technique. Used stratified sampling techniques for athletes and available / census for all coaches and sport experts. The population of the study consisted of athletes (n=83), coaches (n=4) and all sport experts (n=8). The study employed the Cross-sectional survey design. Data were analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statics methods were employed. Personality and anxiety psychological factors were assessed by using the Inventory, standard questionnaire. Athlete’s athletic performance was assessed by document analysis. Descriptive Statistics percentage, standard deviation, mean were used for assessing back ground information, the current anxiety level and influence personality factors. Multiple regression coefficients from inferential statics were used to show the influence of major psychological factors on athlete’s performance. The finding of this study indicates the current anxiety level with aggregate mean (M=3.147) implies moderate, and influence of personality factors on this study with aggregate mean (M=3.142) shows that moderate. And, also athletic anxiety and personality factors on performance of athletes’ multiple regression coefficient results indicates, by 40.1% of variance (R<sup>2</sup>=.165, F = 8.194, *p <.05) predict athletes’ performance.
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Hatteberg, Sarah J. "Under Surveillance: Collegiate Athletics as a Total Institution." Sociology of Sport Journal 35, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2017-0096.
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Scholars have identified similarities between collegiate athletics and total institutions for profit-athletes, but few examined the relationship for athletes participating in other sports. Drawing on qualitative data collected from a sample of NCAA Division I athletes participating in four different sports, this study examined how collegiate athletics might approximate a total institution according to Goffman’s 1961 conceptualization. Consistent with Goffman’s conceptualization, athletes experienced 1) an absence of barriers between their spheres of life, 2) insularity of the athletic community, 3) strict schedules, and 4) institutional objectives used to justify totalitarian practices. These aspects of the institution helped to facilitate pervasive surveillance and extensive institutional power and control, aspects of the institution that athletes of all sports types perceived as stressful. These findings suggest that structural aspects of collegiate athletics may operate as ambient strains that could have consequences for athlete well-being, a possibility that should be explored in future research.
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Maulana, Panji Rifqi, Rahmadi Rahmadi, and AR Shadiqin. "Pengaruh Latihan Ladder Drill dan Harvard Step terhadap Frekuensi Langkah Kaki Dan Kecepatan Berlari pada Atlet Ekstrakurikuler Atletik SDN Sungai Jingah 5." Gelanggang Olahraga: Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga (JPJO) 7, no. 2 (June 26, 2024): 518–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/jpjo.v7i2.8905.
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The aim of this research was to determine the effect of ladder drill and Harvard step training on the frequency of footsteps and running speed of extracurricular athletics athletes at SDN Sungai Jingah 5 Banjarmasin. This research uses a quantitative type with the Pretest-Posttest Non-Equivalent Group Design method. The sample in this study were extracurricular athletic athletes at SDN Sungai Jingah 5 Banjarmasin. totaling 6 people, the sample was 6 athletes. The sampling technique was total sampling. The 6 athletes were given a test and measurement of running speed (Kanga's Escape) which was used as evidence for the initial test and final test to determine the athlete's stride frequency and running speed. The results of the initial test measurement of step frequency obtained an average value of 76.00 and running speed obtained an average value of 19.87. Then, ladder drill and Harvard step training was carried out for 16 meetings, there was an increase in the average step frequency of 68.66 and running speed of 18.54. Based on the conclusions of data analysis and hypothesis testing, the results of ladder drill and Harvard step training were found to increase the results of athlete's footstep frequency and running speed. extracurricular athletics at SDN Sungai Jingah 5 Banjarmasin Keywords: Ladder drill training, Harvard step training, Step Frequency, Running Speed
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Dennis, Dennis Dwi Kurniawan, Soni Nopembri, and Eddy Purnomo. "Relationship between anxiety levels and the performance of early adolescent athletic athletes in trirace numbers." Retos 48 (March 16, 2023): 742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.97269.
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This study aims to examine the relationship between athlete anxiety and triathlete performance in early adolescent athletes. The subjects consisted of 95 athletes who participated in the junior high school O2SN championship. This research was conducted in one day, the anxiety instrument was administered after the championship and the athlete's performance was calculated based on the overall athlete's achievement, which was obtained from the competition committee's official results. The Sport Anxiety Scale 2 (SAS-2) is used in the anxiety instrument, which consists of 15 questions, plus 9 questions about the difficulties of athletes in carrying out competitions for each race number, which are taken from the World Athletics Federation (WAF) manual on the rules or race flow of each race number. The relationship between anxiety and triathlete performance in early adolescent athletics is investigated using Pearson correlation analysis. There is a very strong negative correlation between anxiety and tri-race performance of early adolescent athletes with r = -0.834, and the long jump number is a race number with a high level of anxiety and difficulty based on early adolescent athletes’ perception results. Key words: Anxiety Level, Early Adolescent Athlete Performance, Tri-race Athletics
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Horner, Matthew, Neal Ternes, and Christopher McLeod. "Not Going Pro: On Seeking Lasting Returns from College Sports." Journal of Amateur Sport 2, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jas.v2i1.5017.
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The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) clearly states there are many favorable qualities derived from participation that benefit those “who go pro in something other than sports.” However, the ability of collegiate athletics to deliver on the promise of attributable long-term vocational value is rarely questioned. Instead, student-athletes are encouraged to think of their participation as a personal investment with enduring rewards for the investor. In this study involving former NCAA Division I student-athletes, the authors examined whether participation can be regarded as an investment and how student-athletes perceive the returns thus derived. Extending Becker’s (1962) theory of human capital investment to sport participation, the authors probed participants’ experiences for evidence of investment thinking and lasting benefits in corporeal, economic, social, and cultural varieties. The findings support the notion that participation in collegiate athletics can be broadly defined as an investment, but not in accordance with the long-term utility maximizing rationale described by neoclassical economists. Furthermore, the high cost of participation, inherent uncertainty, and unreliable information confound the athlete’s decision-making and blur the distinction between consumption in the present and investing for the future.
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Isufi, Madrit. "Relations Between the Athletic Department and Sports Clubs in Albania. the Research in the Department of Athletics." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i2.p386-395.
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“Athletics teaches lessons valuable to the individual by stretching the human spirit in ways that nothing else can” (Bowen - Levin, 2003, p. 243). In Albania there is a great andikap in the field of athletics. University knowledge related to this field remains at the level of undergraduate banks materialize in practice. Athletic Department is not an agreement with the clubs that train athletes or sports clubs for football are that the atletikor preparers often include as an assistant coach. Finally there is an initiative of the Ministry of Education and Sports to establish such cooperation and relations to make this part of plans and curricula, but it still has not been realized in practice, because Albania has an acute shortage of infrastructure. International Athletics Federation signed a memorandum of understanding with the Albanian Federation of Athletics. The aim was to help with programs for children, education of coaches and support initiatives for athletics at competitive levels. Also to support initiatives to better structure sportive. But that relations remained on paper, today manufactures athletic department student and prepare new trainers but without a vision for the space you created them employment, there is a vision for it, no one strategy and what is the most important projects there is cooperation with other countries to support athletic clubs and strengthen the work of professors athletic field with trainers. This study is important in helping gain an understanding of the relationship between coaches’ trust and how he or she perceives the athletic-director’s mindfulness within the athletic department. Lumpkin and Favor (2012) stated that “proponents of high school sport programs believe athletics contribute to the overall education of students” (p. 41). Sports play an important role in the Albanian society. Although high school sports are popular, more importantly many believe they are avenues for providing opportunities for justice, fair play, and teamwork. Sports and athletics express many of the cultural beliefs held by society, including the Protestant work ethic, capitalism, the bureaucratic mentality, and the ideals of fairness, teamwork, and sportsmanship, all of which are associated with collectivism (Beyer - Hannah, 2000).
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Prima, Asep, Walmar Haganta Sembiring, Amansyah Amansyah, and Putra Arima. "Effect Of Squat Jump And Jump To Box Exercises On The Ability Of The Long Jump Without A Start On Teenage Star Athletic Club Athletes Tanah Pinem District Dairi District In 2023." COMPETITOR: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga 16, no. 3 (October 25, 2024): 627. https://doi.org/10.26858/cjpko.v16i3.65058.
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This study aims to determine the effect of squat jump and jump-to-box training on the long jump ability without starting in athletes at the Bintang Teen athletics club, Tanah Pinem sub-district, Dairi district in 2023. There is a problem among athletes at the Bintang Teen Athletics Club who lack long jump results, training methods and performance in athletes. This research was conducted on Jalan Pendidikan, Tanah Pinem District, Dairi Regency with a population of 13 people and a sample of 10 people. The method used in this research is quantitative, experimental-based with a pre-test (pre-test) and research instruments by testing the athlete’s jump results measuring them and then recording them. There are two training programs where both forms of training are designed to improve long jump ability in athletics. The benefit of this research is to provide information about the importance of squat jump and jump-to-box training to improve long jump ability. Then the samples were given treatment in the form of a training program with variations of passing exercises. With a training program prepared, then after 6 weeks of undergoing the training program, the sample takes a final test (post-test). The pre-test and final test were taken using the long jump test instrument without a prefix, Rama Setya 2022. Data analysis technique or hypothesis analysis, namely, the effect of squat jump and jump-to-box training on the long jump ability of athletes at the Bintang Teen athletic club, Tanah Pinem District, Dairi Regency, the Year 2023, it is obtained that tcount = 10.19 > ttable = 2.26 at the real level α = 0.05 then tcount > ttable. Based on the hypothesis testing criteria, namely H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, this research states that “there is a significant training effect from the squat jump and jump to box training on long jump ability without starting in athletes at the Bintang Teen athletic club, Tanah Pinem sub-district, Dairi district in 2023 ”.
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Sidorenko, Aleksandr. "Evaluation of the continental representation of finalists in world-class athletics competitions." Scientific notes of P. F. Lesgaft University, no. 1 (February 17, 2025): 171–77. https://doi.org/10.5930/1994-4683-2025-171-177.
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The purpose of the study is to determine the continental representation of finalists in the Olympic Games and World Championships in various specializations of athletics throughout the entire period of these competitions from 1896 to 2024. Research methods and organization. A statistical analysis of the results of official reports from World Athletics for the period from 1896 to 2024 was conducted, which included 33 Olympics and 19 World Championships in athletics. The continental composition and the separate representation of American athletes among the top 8 results in each event were determined. Research results and conclusions. According to the conducted study, there is a clear dominance of European athletes in all technical events and walking, while representatives from North America lead in sprinting and hurdle races, and representatives from the African continent have a high success rate in middle and long-distance running. Asian athletes demonstrate their best results in walking competitions, long-distance running, and women's throwing events, while representatives from Australia and Oceania excel in walking, women's jumping, and throwing events. The weakest development of athletics is observed in South America. The favorites in all athletic competitions, except for walking, are the USA, whose athletes were represented in the finals of the Olympic Games and World Championships by 14.5%.
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Arif Pambudi, Nafisa. "Social Support as a Predictor of Athletes Achievement Motivation:A Correlation Study at the Glagah Wangi Demak Athletic Club." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis 05, no. 08 (August 26, 2022): 2204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v5-i8-38.
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Social support is one of the factors that influence achievement motivation. Social support received can make individuals feel calm, cared for, self-confident, and competent. This study aims to determine the effect of social support on achievement motivation in athletic athletes. The type of research is ex post facto. The population is the athletics athletes of the Glagah Wangi Demak athletic club totaling 37 athletes with an age range of 14-19 years. The instrument in this research is a questionnaire. Data analysis using a simple regression test. The results showed that there was a significant effect of social support on the achievement motivation of athletic athletes. The contribution of social support to achievement motivation in athletic athletes is 27.90%. The better the athlete's social support, the higher the achievement motivation. It is hoped that people around athletes, such as parents, coaches, and friends, will provide the support that can help athletes so that they have a positive impact on their achievements. Athletes must maintain and develop enthusiasm while undergoing the best possible training program. Parents always encourage their children and provide good infrastructure to support children's achievements.
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Yuwono, Cahyo, Adi S, Mahenderan Appukutty, Erna Setyowati, Bondan Fiqi Riyalda, Hilmy Aliriad, and Made Bang Redy Utama. "High-Flying Research Trends and Innovations in Young Athletes’ Jump Training: A Bibliographic Analysis of Research Over Ten Years." Physical Education Theory and Methodology 25, no. 1 (January 30, 2025): 202–8. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.1.24.
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Objectives. This bibliometric study aimed to track the evolution of research trends related to athletic jumps. Materials and methods. This study was a systematic review with conducting a bibliometric analysis. Using a thorough approach, articles published since 2014 were found using the keywords “Athletics Jump Training” in research journals indexed in the SCOPUS database. A total of 222 articles were examined. Ten (10) articles were therefore selected for additional investigation using SciVal and the VOSviewer computer programs. For standard operationalization, this study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). Results. The highest number of articles was published in 2021, the highest citations was recorded in 2019, the greatest number of authors was involved in 2021, and the highest number of readers — in 2015. There were 3 keyword clusters that reflected various research focusing on athletics jump training for younger players. The most frequently occurring keywords in this study were “Athlete”, “Muscle Strength”, and “Athletic Performance”. The United Kingdom (30), Brazil (25), and the United States (17) were the three nations with the highest number of publications on jump training in sports. Factors influencing the development of young jumper athletes and plyometric training for jump performance were the main themes that covered various aspects of the research trend over the last ten years, based on the top ten most cited references in athletics training for younger players. Conclusions. The study focuses on athletics jump training for younger players, with notable publication peaks in 2021 and citation highs in 2019. Key themes in the most cited references include factors influencing young athletes’ development and the role of plyometric training. The United Kingdom, Brazil, and the United States led in publications on this topic. Research on athletics jump for athletes under the age of 18 has grown significantly.
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McCray, Kristy Lee, Sue Sutherland, and Donna L. Pastore. "Creating Change in Intercollegiate Athletics: The Sexual Assault Prevention Paradigm for Athletic Departments." Journal of Higher Education Athletics & Innovation, no. 4 (December 7, 2018): 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5267.2018.1.4.25-53.
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In 2011, the Office for Civil Rights issued a “Dear Colleague Letter” instructing universities to take action regarding sexual assault on college campuses. Specifically, universities must better educate students on the prevention of sexual assault, in the hope of reducing violence against women. Previous research is mixed on the involvement of intercollegiate student-athletes in incidences of sexual assault; however, recent high-profile cases of sexual misconduct at universities indicate that student-athletes are not immune to this issue. The purpose of this study was to explore how sexual assault is viewed within the culture of intercollegiate athletics, including education, occurrence, and prevention. Through interviews with former intercollegiate athletes, three main findings emerged: (1) Participant Knowledge, (2) Sexual Assault Within the Context of College Athletics; and (3) Creating Change in Athletic Department Culture. Using grounded theory, these themes were combined to create the Sexual Assault Prevention Paradigm for Athletic Departments.
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Ward, Russell E. "Buried Accomplishments: Institutional Isomorphism in College Athletics Mission Statements." International Journal of Sport Communication 8, no. 1 (March 2015): 18–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2014-0018.
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Despite suggestions that mission statements represent a strategic component of organizational communication, there has been little research of these documents in athletic departments at U.S. colleges and universities. The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between mission statement content and athletic department accomplishments in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I schools (N = 343). The content analysis of mission statements revealed that athletics missions do not differentiate accomplished from less accomplished athletic programs. Athletic departments with strong traditions of promoting the academic advancement of student-athletes, achieving gender equity, and complying with NCAA rules tend to reference these distinctions in the same way as departments with less favorable histories. Grounded in institutional theory, this article describes the external pressures toward sameness rather than differentiation in mission statement content. Implications for intercollegiate athletics and higher education are discussed.
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Anam, Mohammad Choirul, and Pujiyono Pujiyono. "Legal Certainty to Protect Sport Industry Company Related to Technological Doping Among Athletes in Athletics." Journal of Social Research 2, no. 3 (February 4, 2023): 671–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/josr.v2i3.715.
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This study aims to analyze the legal problems of the phenomenon of technological doping in athletic sports, legal certainty for the protection of sports industry companies related to the phenomenon of technological doping among athletes in athletic sports, and the impact of world athletics policies on patent enforcement. The author uses normative legal research methods with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach that is analyzed qualitatively with descriptive methods sourced from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that the legal problem of the phenomenon of technological doping in athletic sports is that there is no legal certainty regarding the characteristics of the elements of the use of sports equipment technology which is considered to provide unfair advantages for athletes in competition. So that regulations are needed that can explain how technology is considered to be able to provide unfair advantages in competition. Legal certainty for the protection of sports industry companies related to the phenomenon of technological doping among athletes in the field of athletics is through the examination of sports equipment by independent experts, the availability of products in general sales, the suitability of shoe soles based on a predetermined thickness, and sanctions against athletes and delegation members. However, the policies in World Athletics may result in the reduction of exclusive rights owned by inventors to products that have obtained patents. So that to obtain maximum benefits in patent registration for athletic sports products, it is necessary to consider several things including the originality of the invention against other products, the potential harm caused, and consideration of the time between patent filing and sales to the open market.
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Edouard, Pascal, Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux, Spyridon Iatropoulos, David Blanco, Pedro Branco, Joris Chapon, Davie Mulenga, et al. "Injuries in Athletics (Track and Field): A Narrative Review Presenting the Current Problem of Injuries." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin 75, no. 4 (June 20, 2024): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5960/dzsm.2024.601.
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Objective: In Athletics (Track and Field), athletes can be affected by injuries, especially in their quest for top performance. Therefore, we aim to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the problem of injuries in Athletics. Main findings: It is necessary to maintain a clear definition of “injury” when stakeholders in Athletics discuss clinical, administrative, and/ or research perspectives. There are several possible methodological approaches to collect injury data in Athletics depending on the context, population, and injury definition. In general, about two thirds of Athletics athletes sustain at least one injury during an Athletics season, and there are about 100 injuries per 1000 registered athletes during an international championship. The injury rates and characteristics vary by sex and discipline. The injuries can affect athletes physically, psychologically, and socially, with short- and long-term consequences for musculoskeletal function, athletics performance and athletics career. Although it is logical to try to reduce the injury risk, little scientific evidence is currently available to help Athletics-related stakeholders. Conclusions: Injury can currently be considered as an omnipresent problem in Athletics, which affects their practice, with consequences on performance and health. Injury risk is today an undeniable part of the life of Athletics athletes, which implies that there is a pressing need to continue the development of injury risk reduction strategies, to scientifically evaluate their efficacy, and to implement them in sports practice.
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Dano, Gizaw Warji, Tesfaye Demena, Lencho Merga, Bekama Tesfaye Umeta, Tekalegn Fikadu Kidane, and Dawit Atomsa Denu. "Sport Nutrition Practice and Performance of Short Distance Runners: The Case of Oromia Athletics Clubs." Journal of BioMed Research and Reports 2, no. 6 (October 16, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.59657/2837-4681.brs.23.041.
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The study was aimed to assess the impact of sport nutrition practice on performance of sprinters of Oromia selected athletics club. The athlete's diet affects his or her performance directly. Competitive athletes must eat a balanced diet containing all four food groups, and eating a variety of foods within each group is essential. However, no studies conducted on the impact of nutrition on Oromia short distance runners. A cross-sectional research design was employed. Out of eight (N=8) athletics clubs Oromia athletics club, five (n=5) of them were selected as target population namely; Adama, Nekemte, Asella, Dukam and Laga-Tafo Laga Dadhi athletics clubs. The clubs were selected by using a simple random sampling technique. The total population of athletes in selected clubs was (N=175) and sampled athletes were 120 Adama (23), Nekemte, (24) Asella, Dukam (26) and Laga-Tafo-Laga Dadhi (24) athletics) were selected using a stratified sampling technique. While coaches (N=5) were selected using census sampling techniques. Data collection instrument such as questionnaire, document analysis, interviews and observation were used. Analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) software. Frequency percentage and Simple regression was used quantitative data. Qualitative analysis was used to supplement the quantitative analysis. The result of this study shows that inadequate sprinters nutritional practice affects sprinters performance at p< 0.05. The finding of this study reveals that the majority of sprinters confirmed that sprinters did not get balanced sprinters diet due to this the sprinters performance was poor. As a recommendation, Oromia athletics club should plan for sport nutrition education and allocate enough budgets. Sprinters better extra meal apart from their clubs.
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Judge, Lawrence W., Adam Smith, and Jerry Reynolds. "The Need for Sport Social Workers in College Athletics." Sports Innovation Journal 5 (June 10, 2024): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/28049.
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College sports place significant pressure on student-athletes and necessitate the recognition and resolution of social, emotional, and environmental needs. To provide comprehensive support, the integration of social work professionals with sport expertise in college athletic departments is proposed. By encompassing mental health support, advocacy, and the resolution of challenges pertaining to well-being and identity, the application of social work principles provides student-athletes a well-rounded college athletic experience. Education and training for sport social workers are highlighted as crucial aspects for effectively navigating the complexities of college athletics. These specialized programs equip social workers with the necessary skills and knowledge to provide effective support to student-athletes. By considering their unique needs within the college context, sport social workers can contribute to the development and success of student-athletes. This article emphasizes the significance of addressing the well-being of student-athletes in college athletics through the integration of sport social work principles. In doing so, a supportive environment can be cultivated, promoting the student-athletes’ overall development and success. A focus on inclusivity and the application of social work principles in youth sports further highlights the broader impact that social work can have in addressing social issues.
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Goodman, Ashley, Stephanie M. Mazerolle, and Christianne M. Eason. "Organizational Infrastructure in the Collegiate Athletic Training Setting, Part II: Benefits of and Barriers in the Athletics Model." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.12.24.
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Context: The athletics model, in which athletic training clinical programs are part of the athletics department, is the predominant model in the collegiate athletic training setting. Little is known about athletic trainers' (ATs') perceptions of this model, particularly as it relates to organizational hierarchy. Objective: To explore the perceived benefits of and barriers in the athletics model. Design: Qualitative study. Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I and III. Patients or Other Participants: Eight full-time ATs (5 men, 3 women; age = 41 ± 13 years, time employed at the current institution = 14 ± 14 years, experience as a certified AT = 18 ± 13 years) working in the collegiate setting using the athletics model. Data Collection and Analysis: We conducted semistructured interviews via telephone or in person and used a general inductive approach to analyze the qualitative data. Multiple-analyst triangulation and peer review established trustworthiness. Results: Two benefits and 3 barriers emerged from the data. Role identity emerged as a benefit that occurred with role clarity, validation, and acceptance of the collegiate AT personality. Role congruence emerged as a benefit of the athletics model that occurred with 2 lower-order themes: relationship building and physician alignment and support. Role strain, staffing concerns, and work-life conflict emerged as barriers in the athletics model. Role strain occurred with 2 primary lower-order themes: role incongruity and role conflict. Conclusions: The athletics model is the most common infrastructure for employing ATs in collegiate athletics. Participants expressed positive experiences via character identity, support, trust relationships, and longevity. However, common barriers remain. To reduce role strain, misaligning values, and work-life conflict, ATs working in the athletics model are encouraged to evaluate their relationships with coaches and their supervisor and consider team physician alignment. Moreover, measures to increase quality athletic training staff from a care rather than a coverage standpoint should be considered.
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Laurel, Dacus, Castagno Christopher, Castagno Ciara, Gontre Gil, and Weiss William M. "Impact of Traumatic Sports Injury on an Athlete’s Psychological Wellbeing, Adherence to Sport and Athletic Identity." Journal of Sports Medicine and Therapy 8, no. 3 (September 20, 2023): 036–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jsmt.1001070.
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Introduction: Sports injuries can affect athletes across all ages, sexes, and levels of competition. The mental aspect of acute sports injury is often overlooked by coaches, trainers, and medical professionals. This study investigated if and how an acute traumatic sports injury affects an athlete’s psychological well-being, adherence to sport, and athletic identity. Methods: The study consisted of surveys sent to former or current athletes over 18 with one or more athletic injuries. The Qualtrics surveys were anonymous, and participants consented to the study within the survey. Results: There were 101 total participants (20.2% response rate) with an average age of 36. All reported one or more acute athletic injuries throughout their athletic careers. Specific survey sets were compared against each other using a variable correlation analysis (p - value < 0.05) and via Pearson’s Correlation. Conclusion: The results indicated that injury impacts the lives of athletes most significantly on the field and can harm their performance based on their perception of the severity of the injury. However, this decline in performance and decrease in confidence does not correlate to an athlete’s desire to leave their sport or how they identify as being an athlete. Takeaways: 1) The stronger an individual identifies as being an athlete, the more likely they are to continue their sports career after an injury. 2) An athlete’s self-worth after an injury significantly impacts their feelings outside athletics. 3) For athletes emotionally impacted by their acute traumatic injury, the injury was a significant factor regarding their athletic performance.
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Navarro, Kristina, Dr Lindsey Greviskes, Dr Logan Edwards, Dr Kelly Witte, Lily Pittelkow, and Jenny Scherer. "Toward an Understanding of Critical Success Factors for Student-Athlete Mental Health and Wellness, Academic Success, and Athletic Performance at the NCAA Division III Level." Journal of Higher Education Athletics & Innovation, no. 6 (February 18, 2020): 82–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5267.2019.1.6.82-104.
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Current athletic administrators are not only charged with overseeing programs that are critical to student-athletes’ athletics success, but must be increasingly aware of resources to also support success in student-athletes’ academic and personal lives. In turn, this empirical study explored the needs of student-athletes, coaches and administrators pertaining to mental health and wellness, academic success, and athletic performance at the NCAA Division III level. Implications and recommendations are presented for athletic administrators as they develop programmatic support for millennial student-athletes who experience heightened mental health and wellness challenges during the transition to college.
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Davis, Amira Rose. "Sporting Revolutions: The 1970s and the Making of Modern College Athletics." Modern American History 7, no. 2 (July 2024): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mah.2024.34.
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At the beginning of the 1970s, college sports were on turbulent ground. “Colleges prepare for the impact of rising costs and more campus unrest,” warned the New York Times. The Los Angeles Times was a bit blunter in its prognosis, reporting that “like housewives everywhere, athletic directors of the nation's colleges [were] having budget trouble.” National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) Executive Director, Walter Byers, warned of “cadres of disgruntled athletes,” demanding rights, money, and control. Byers was also troubled by Title IX, the new educational amendment mandating gender equity in federally funded schools, including in athletic departments. “The possible doom of our collegiate sports is near,” Byers proclaimed. “There is not an athletic department in the country where officials are optimistic,” University of Michigan's Athletic Director (AD), Don Canham, lamented. Norv Richey, University of Oregon's AD concurred, declaring, “The future of intercollegiate athletics are in peril.”
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Pyanzin, Andrey I., Nadezhda N. Pyanzina, and Tatiana N. Petrova. "ATHLETICS DEVELOPMENT IN THE TULA REGION." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-1-64-73.
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In the study, the authors set a goal to analyze the history of the development of athletics in the Tula region in the XX–XXI centuries. Materials and methods: the achievement of the goal was ensured by using the method of theoretical analysis and generalization of literary and documentary sources on the identified problem. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the main stages of the development of athletics in the Tula region are highlighted, scattered information is systematized on creating conditions for development through the implementation of state tasks and strengthening the material and technical base, on ongoing sports events and achievements of athletes in the region at the national and international levels.
 
 Results. Available data suggests that athletics in the Tula region originates in 1912. The most popular athletics disciplines were pole vaulting, running at various distances, and hammer throwing. During the formation of the young Soviet state, the leadership of the region began to pay close attention to improving the material and technical base to ensure a high-quality training process and increase the athletic performance of athletes. From 1930 to 1945, athletics, along with cycling and skiing, was used as one of the most effective means of training defenders of the Fatherland.
 
 Analysis of the history of athletics in the second half of the twentieth century indicates that the most effective period is 1950–1965. It was during this period that Tula athletes, together with cyclists, were the first representatives of this region to take part in the 1952 Olympic Games in Helsinki and 1956 in Melbourne. Athletes A. Chudina, G. Suchkov, A. Yulin brought worldwide fame to their region. Subsequently, S. Zhelanov, N. Roshchupkina, N. Kovtun, T. Ledovskaya, N. Nazarova, O. Zykina contributed to the piggy bank of sports achievements of the region.
 
 Conclusions. The conducted research made it possible to identify the main stages of the development of athletics in the Tula region, which are associated with such facts as the start of operation of various sports facilities, holding competitions of various levels, etc. The current state of physical culture and sports allows us to state that athletics in the Tula region is a popular, sought-after sport, and inspires confidence in the success of development in the future.
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Wang, You Jun. "The Research on the Core System of Athletics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 2033–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.2033.
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Athletics activities are favored by people ,which is the foundation of the development of athletics. However ,for the intermediate and superior athletics,the research and understanding of athletics theory are neither in-depth nor accurate .Accordingly,this is not conductive to the development of athletics .this essay tries to research on the focus of Athletics,the theme of Athletics,the quintessence of athletics and the foundation of athletics in order to help the athletes understand the basic concept ,the foundamental thoughts and the value orientation of athletics,so that a complete Athletics theory syetem can be formed to help better athletics work and promote the athletics activities of all levels in a healthy direction.
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Choi, Jeongwon, Hongyoung Kim, and Allison Smith. "Collegiate Athletes’ Challenge, Stress, and Motivation on Dual Role." Journal of Health, Sports, and Kinesiology 2, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47544/johsk.2021.2.2.28.
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In the United States higher education, collegiate athletes mostly have a four-year eligibility within a five-year time frame to compete for and represent their institutions. During this period, collegiate athletes are expected to perform successfully in both academic and athletic roles so that they can maintain benefits, such as scholarships and eligibility. In other words, being a collegiate athlete brings about a multitude of pressures and stressors from handling this dual role, which include but are not limited to, scheduling classes, fatigue, financial pressure, and inflexibility of coaches (Cosh & Tully, 2015). According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) (2020), collegiate athletes are only allowed to participate in athletic-related activities for 20 hours per week, four hours a day in season, and eight hours per week during off season (NCAA, 2020). However, previous empirical research has indicated that Division I level collegiate athletes spend about 40 hours per week participating in sport-related activities (Smith & Hardin, 2018). Even though collegiate athletes invest tremendous time and effort in athletics, less than two percent of collegiate athletes become professional athletes after college (NCAA, 2018). For collegiate athletes, both athletic and academic performances require tremendous amounts of efforts due to their intense schedule. That is, it is convoluted for collegiate athletes to have identical motivation or reasons for attending college and participating in their sport. While collegiate athletes strive to balance in both academic and athletic responsibilities, they exhibit various types of motivation factors. According to Doupona Topic (2005), female collegiate athletes seem to be more academically motivated and less athletically motivated compared to male collegiate athletes. Also, Beamon and Bell (2006) found that African American collegiate athletes place less emphasis on academics than athletics, and they place less emphasis on education than Caucasian collegiate athletes. For African American collegiate athletes’ academic underperformance and negative psychosocial experiences can happen due to unwelcoming campus climate, inadequate academic support, and an overemphasis on their athletic roles (Beamon, 2008). As mentioned above, only a few collegiate athletes have a chance to move on to professional sport after their collegiate career. That is, majority of collegiate athletes go through a transitioning process moving out from sport. Numerous studies within the literature support that collegiate athletes often have a difficult time transitioning out of sport (Lally, 2007; Smith & Hardin, 2018). Motivation may be one of the solutions to overcome this abstruse moment. To foster effective and successful higher education environments in collegiate athletics, it is essential to understand what motivates collegiate athletes in their dual roles and how collegiate athletes set up create and implement their goals.
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Romney, Miles, and Rich G. Johnson. "The Ball Game Is for the Boys: The Visual Framing of Female Athletes on National Sports Networks’ Instagram Accounts." Communication & Sport 8, no. 6 (April 8, 2019): 738–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479519836731.
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Despite the growth of female participation in sports, media coverage of female athletics remains stagnant. Scholarship regarding the treatment of female athletes in magazines, newspapers, and news and highlight programming has shown that sports journalism organizations demonstrate ambivalence with minimal coverage that reinforces gender stereotypes. This study examined 1,587 Instagram images from the primary accounts of the four major American sports networks. The resulting data indicate that women’s athletic coverage lags significantly behind men’s athletics. Females are more likely to appear alongside a male and are more likely be shown in culturally “appropriate” sports and in nonathletic roles.
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Tkachenko, M. L. "Athletics in modern conditions." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 5(164) (May 12, 2023): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2023.5(164).32.
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Athletics has undergone significant changes in recent years:
 
 the athletics program includes a spectacular event - a mixed relay for women and men 4x400 m. The team consists of two women and two men. The peculiarity of this type is that the sequence of running one or another stage by women or men is not determined, but it is decided by the team leaders, which brings a certain intrigue to the competition;
 changes were made to sports walking disciplines. The distance of 50 km for men is reduced to 35 km (which, in our opinion, will have a positive effect on the development of athletic walking and sports performance of athletes). But, at the same time, sports officials from the IAAF, either for reasons of gender equality or for some other reason, included a 35 km sport walk for women in the program, which, in our opinion, proves that such an approach equates physical, psychological and other opportunities for women and
 
 The number of responsible athletics competitions for both young athletes and adults is increasing. But it should be remembered that the main task in the training process with young athletes is to lay a general physical, technical, special and psychological base.
 Scientific and methodological data and practical experience show that the training of highly qualified athletes should be aimed at their performance at the main competitions of the year or quadrennial.
 If it is necessary to perform in Diamond League competitions, commercial starts and others, it is recommended not to change the first part of the microcycle (Monday-Wednesday), but to make certain adjustments in its second half (Thursday-Saturday) in order to prepare the athlete for the competition.
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Suhenda, Hendrawan, Siti Ayu Risma Putri, and Hikmah Lestari. "Survey of Students’ Participation in Physical Education Learning and Athletic Materials." PPSDP International Journal of Education 3, no. 2 (September 30, 2024): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.59175/pijed.v3i2.346.
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This study aims to determine students’ interest in physical education and health subjects in athletics at SDN 01 Lahat Regency. This research uses quantitative descriptive research methods along with survey methods. Where, this research was conducted on class V students of SDN 01 Lahat Regency. The population of this study was all 35 people. The sample taken in this research was 35 people obtained using total sampling technique. Research data collection was carried out by giving questionnaires to the sample. The data analysis technique used in processing research data is data analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques in the form of mean, mode, standard deviation and coefficient of variance. The results of the study showed that 4 students (11.47%) had an interest in physical education subject matter. athleticism is in the very high category. 5 students (14.28%) had an interest in physical education subjects, athletic material, which was in the high category, 9 students (25.71%) had an interest in physical education subjects, athletic material, which was in the medium category and 17 students (48.57%) have interest in physical education subjects, athletic material, which is in the low category. And there are no students who have an interest in physical education subjects, the athletic material is in the very low category. It can be concluded that interest in physical education subjects in athletics at SDN 01 Lahat Regency is still in the low category so an analysis of the factors that influence interest in physical education subjects in athletics at SDN 01 Lahat Regency is needed and special learning methods are also needed to increase interest in physical education subjects regarding athletics at SDN 01 Lahat Regency.
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Tricker, Ray, David L. Cook, and Rick McGuire. "Issues Related to Drug Abuse in College Athletics: Athletes at Risk." Sport Psychologist 3, no. 2 (June 1989): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.3.2.155.
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In recent years drug abuse by college athletes has received greater attention. Because of the recognition of the growing problem of drug use in athletics, the new NCAA drug testing policy, and recent deaths of elite athletes, the sport psychologist should be prepared to deal with this issue. In many college settings the sport psychologist may be expected to provide support with counseling or participate in the development of a drug abuse prevention program for student athletes. Therefore sport psychologists need to closely examine the factors that may predispose athletes toward using drugs, understand the role of prevention, and develop a thorough knowledge of positive, viable alternatives to drugs. This article addresses five important issues that relate to drug abuse in college athletics: (a) why athletes are at risk, (b) athletic leadership and its relationship to substance abuse, (c) the role of the sport psychologist, (d) issues related to the effectiveness of drug education for athletes, and (e) recommendations for athlete drug education programs.
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Kahn, Lawrence M. "Markets: Cartel Behavior and Amateurism in College Sports." Journal of Economic Perspectives 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.1.209.
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This paper studies intercollegiate athletics in the context of the theory of cartels. Some point to the explicit attempts by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) to restrict output and payments for factors of production as evidence of cartel behavior. Others argue that such limits enhance product quality by preserving amateurism. I find that the NCAA's compensation limits on athletes lead to high levels of rents from the entertainment revenues produced by the athletes, a finding consistent with the cartel interpretation. The athletes producing these rents are disproportionately African-American, while the beneficiaries are primarily white. The rents are typically spent on facilities, nonrevenue sports, and, possibly, head coaches' salaries. Big-time football and men's basketball programs earn accounting profits, although the athletic departments in which they reside make accounting losses on average. However, there is some evidence, albeit not unanimous, that sports generate alumni contributions, state appropriations, and additional student applications. But, arms race considerations suggest that there may be some societal gains to the aggregate limitation of spending on college athletics.
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Da Silva Medeiros, Robson, Thiago Montes Fidale, Luiz Duarte de Ulhôa Rocha Júnior, Jalusa Andreia Storch Díaz, Elmiro Santos Resende, Rogério Melo Costa Pinto, Carlos Henrique Martins da Silva, and Nívea De Macedo Oliveira Morales. "IMPACT OF PARA ATHLETICS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY COMPARING HIGH-PERFORMANCE, AMATEUR ATHLETES AND SEDENTARY HEALTHY PEOPLE." RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218 4, no. 9 (September 7, 2023): e493949. http://dx.doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v4i9.3949.
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The present study analyzed the QoL of athletes with physical disabilities who participated in para athletics and compared them persons sedentary. Methods: Participants were divided into four groups: G1 participating in high performance para athletics; G2 participating in amateur para athletics; G3 – sedentary people with physical disabilities; G4 – sedentary healthy people. Results: Athletes with physical disabilities who participate in high performance para athletics (G1) had the highest scores on all the WHOQOL-BREF domains. Conclusions: Physically disabled athletes reported having a better QoL in comparison with non-athlete people.
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Kramer, Tilmann, Ville Ventovuori, Ari Heinonen, Jari Parkkari, Marko T. Korhonen, Anja Rovio, Jan-Niklas Hoenemann, et al. "Prevalence of electrocardiographic markers associated with myocardial fibrosis in masters athletes: a cohort study." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 10, no. 3 (August 2024): e001988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2024-001988.
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ObjectivesMyocardial fibrosis (MF) is associated with an increased predisposition to adverse cardiac events. The accumulation of high-volume and high-intensity exercise over an extended duration potentially increases the risk of MF. Specific electrocardiographic markers have been correlated with the presence of MF. This study assessed the prevalence of MF-related electrocardiographic markers in a Track and Field Master Athletics Cohort (TaFMAC).MethodsTwelve-lead resting electrocardiograms (ECGs) were conducted on 155 athletes (90 males and 65 females) participating in the World Masters Athletics 2022. The ECG markers associated with MF, including pathological Q waves, inverted T waves, fragmented QRS complex, and prolonged QRS complex, were compared among different athletic specialities (endurance athletes n=51, sprinters n=69 and strength and power n=35).ResultsOverall, 71 instances of MF-related markers were identified from 155 ECG recordings (46%). Fragmented QRS emerged as the most common marker, with a prevalence of 29% in endurance and strength and power athletes, and 35% in sprinters. No significant group differences were observed in the prevalence of MF markers, whether analysed collectively (p=0.467) or individually (pathological Q waves p=0.367, inverted T waves p=0.309, fragmented QRS complex p=0.747 and prolonged QRS complex p=0.132).ConclusionsThe prevalence of MF markers, as determined by resting ECG, was evident in nearly half of masters athletes, irrespective of sex and sporting specialisation. These findings suggest resting ECG as a promising non-invasive method for the early identification of MF in athlete’s hearts.
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Lawrence, Heather J., Liz Wanless, and E. Ann Gabriel. "Applying Activity-Based Costing to Intercollegiate Athletics." Sports Innovation Journal 1 (June 29, 2020): 81–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/23717.
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Current accounting methods in intercollegiate athletics make it difficult for leaders to assess and understand the true cost of each sport team operations. Institutional and athletics leaders often make decisions concerning sport sponsorship/offerings, budget allocations, overall program operations, and review Title IX compliance based on information that may not truly capture the cost of each sport. Additionally, intercollegiate athletics reform groups and the federal government are calling for athletic departments to report more consistent, accurate, and transparent financial data. The purpose of this paper is to respond to the call for accounting reform in intercollegiate athletics via an innovative application of activity-based costing (ABC) to one NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) athletics department. ABC was applied to the athletic department budget report with results showing how previously established ABC cost drivers for intercollegiate athletics (Lawrence, Gabriel, & Tuttle, 2010) and reallocation of expenses back to specific sports allow for a greater understanding of the cost of each sport.
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Zillmer, Eric A., and Rebecca Weidensaul Gigli. "Clinical Sport Psychology in Intercollegiate Athletics." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 1, no. 3 (September 2007): 210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.1.3.210.
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Over the last two decades, there has been an increase in participation in intercollegiate sports with over 380,000 student-athletes participating in nearly 100 athletic conferences at 1,100 NCAA membership schools. Simultaneously, the professional development in the field of sport psychology has paralleled the public draw of competitive sports. This paper explores, from the university athletics departmental perspective, the opportunities as well as the challenges that clinical sport psychologists may encounter within this interesting and stimulating field. The sport psychologist’s training and expertise uniquely prepares him or her to play an important and rewarding role in the lives of coaches, student-athletes and all those who support them.
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Burke, Louise M., Linda M. Castell, Douglas J. Casa, Graeme L. Close, Ricardo J. S. Costa, Ben Desbrow, Shona L. Halson, et al. "International Association of Athletics Federations Consensus Statement 2019: Nutrition for Athletics." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 29, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0065.
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The International Association of Athletics Federations recognizes the importance of nutritional practices in optimizing an Athlete’s well-being and performance. Although Athletics encompasses a diverse range of track-and-field events with different performance determinants, there are common goals around nutritional support for adaptation to training, optimal performance for key events, and reducing the risk of injury and illness. Periodized guidelines can be provided for the appropriate type, amount, and timing of intake of food and fluids to promote optimal health and performance across different scenarios of training and competition. Some Athletes are at risk of relative energy deficiency in sport arising from a mismatch between energy intake and exercise energy expenditure. Competition nutrition strategies may involve pre-event, within-event, and between-event eating to address requirements for carbohydrate and fluid replacement. Although a “food first” policy should underpin an Athlete’s nutrition plan, there may be occasions for the judicious use of medical supplements to address nutrient deficiencies or sports foods that help the athlete to meet nutritional goals when it is impractical to eat food. Evidence-based supplements include caffeine, bicarbonate, beta-alanine, nitrate, and creatine; however, their value is specific to the characteristics of the event. Special considerations are needed for travel, challenging environments (e.g., heat and altitude); special populations (e.g., females, young and masters athletes); and restricted dietary choice (e.g., vegetarian). Ideally, each Athlete should develop a personalized, periodized, and practical nutrition plan via collaboration with their coach and accredited sports nutrition experts, to optimize their performance.
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Salsyahbilla, Valenska Karunia. "Aktivitas Pengembangan Skill, Minat, dan Bakat Cabang Olahraga Atletik pada Anak-anak." Nuras : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 3 (July 21, 2024): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36312/nuras.v4i3.279.
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Athletics is a sport practiced in various forms, encompassing running, throwing, and jumping. In athletics, there are many disciplines and interpretations that define the sport. Despite sounding unfamiliar and less popular compared to other sports, athletics is the oldest sport and is contested in sporting events. Issues in sports in Mareje Village, Lembar District, West Lombok Regency include: 1) lack of sports facilities such as fields and understanding of several athletic game rules; and 2) inadequate understanding of athletic games, including techniques like running, sprinting, and throwing within the playing method of athletics. The objectives of this activity include: 1) enhancing technical and physical skills in athletic disciplines such as running, jumping, and throwing; 2) fostering children's interest in athletics through direct experience and exploring various aspects of athletic disciplines; and 3) identifying and nurturing children's natural talents in athletics, through systematic and continuous training. Solutions related to facilities and infrastructure involve utilizing the field of SMP Negeri 3 Lembar, West Lombok Regency, and some facilities from the school. At this location, activity organizers provide explanations regarding rules, and conduct training in running techniques, sprinting, and throwing that are effective, appropriate, and correct within the framework of athletic disciplines. The outcomes of this activity include increasing the interest and curiosity of children in Mareje Village in sports activities; this curiosity can lead to positive engagements such as participating in city, provincial, and even national-level competitions.