Tesis sobre el tema "Augmented imaging"
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1
Shen, Xin, Hong Hua y Bahram Javidi. "3D augmented reality with integral imaging display". SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621808.
Resumen
In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) integral imaging display for augmented reality is presented. By implementing the pseudoscopic-to-orthoscopic conversion method, elemental image arrays with different capturing parameters can be transferred into the identical format for 3D display. With the proposed merging algorithm, a new set of elemental images for augmented reality display is generated. The newly generated elemental images contain both the virtual objects and real world scene with desired depth information and transparency parameters. The experimental results indicate the feasibility of the proposed 3D augmented reality with integral imaging.
2
Mela, Christopher Andrew. "MULTIMODAL IMAGING, COMPUTER VISION, AND AUGMENTED REALITY FOR MEDICAL GUIDANCE". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1542642892866467.
3
Shelton, Brett E. "How augmented reality helps students learn dynamic spatial relationships /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7668.
4
Watson, Jeffrey R., Summer Garland y Marek Romanowski. "Intraoperative visualization of plasmon resonant liposomes using augmented microscopy". SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625390.
Resumen
Plasmon resonance associated with nanoparticles of gold can enable photothermal ablation of tissues or controlled drug release with exquisite temporal and spatial control. These technologies may support many applications of precision medicine. However, clinical implementations of these technologies will require new methods of intraoperative imaging and guidance. Near-infrared laser surgery is a prime example that relies on improved image guidance. Here we set forth applications of augmented microscopy in guiding surgical procedures employing plasmon resonant gold-coated liposomes. Absorption of near-infrared laser light is the first step in activation of various diagnostic and therapeutic functions of these novel functional nanoparticles. Therefore, we demonstrate examples of near-infrared visualization of the laser beam and gold-coated liposomes. The augmented microscope proves to be a promisingimage guidance platform for a range of image-guided medical procedures.
5
Elgort, Daniel Robert. "Real-Time Catheter Tracking and Adaptive Imaging for Interventional Cardiovascular MRI". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1111437062.
6
Eustice, Ryan M. "Large-area visually augmented navigation for autonomous underwater vehicles". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39227.
Resumen
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2005.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-187).
This thesis describes a vision-based, large-area, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm that respects the low-overlap imagery constraints typical of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) while exploiting the inertial sensor information that is routinely available on such platforms. We adopt a systems-level approach exploiting the complementary aspects of inertial sensing and visual perception from a calibrated pose-instrumented platform. This systems-level strategy yields a robust solution to underwater imaging that overcomes many of the unique challenges of a marine environment (e.g., unstructured terrain, low-overlap imagery, moving light source). Our large-area SLAM algorithm recursively incorporates relative-pose constraints using a view-based representation that exploits exact sparsity in the Gaussian canonical form. This sparsity allows for efficient O(n) update complexity in the number of images composing the view-based map by utilizing recent multilevel relaxation techniques. We show that our algorithmic formulation is inherently sparse unlike other feature-based canonical SLAM algorithms, which impose sparseness via pruning approximations. In particular, we investigate the sparsication methodology employed by sparse extended information filters (SEIFs) and offer new insight as to why, and how, its approximation can lead to inconsistencies in the estimated state errors. Lastly, we present a novel algorithm for efficiently extracting consistent marginal covariances useful for data association from the information matrix.
(cont.) In summary, this thesis advances the current state-of-the-art in underwater visual navigation by demonstrating end-to-end automatic processing of the largest visually navigated dataset to date using data collected from a survey of the RMS Titanic (path length over 3 km and 3100 m² of mapped area). This accomplishment embodies the summed contributions of this thesis to several current SLAM research issues including scalability, 6 degree of freedom motion, unstructured environments, and visual perception.
by Ryan M. Eustice.
Ph.D.
7
Murray, Preston Roylance. "Flow-induced Responses of Normal, Bowed, and Augmented Synthetic Vocal Fold Models". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2873.
Resumen
The voice is the primary mode of communication for humans. Because the voice is so important, voice disorders tend to severely diminish quality of life. A better understanding of the physics of voice production can help to improve treatment of voice disorders. For this thesis research a self-oscillating synthetic vocal fold model was developed, compared with previous synthetic vocal fold models, and used to explore the physical effects of augmentation injections on vibration dynamics. The research was conducted in two stages. First, four vocal fold models were evaluated by quantifying onset pressure, frequency, maximum glottal gap, flow rate, and medial surface motion. The newly developed model, differentiated from the other models by the inclusion of more layers, adjusted geometry, and an extremely soft superficial lamina propria layer, was included in this study. One of the models, created using MRI-derived geometry, had the most defined mucosal wave. The newly-developed model had the lowest onset pressure, flow rate, and smallest maximum glottal width, and the model motion compared very well with published excised human larynx data. Second, the new model was altered to simulate bowing by decreasing the volume of the body layer relative to that of a normal, unbowed model. Two models with varying degrees of bowing were created and tested while paired with normal models. Pre- and post-injection data (onset pressure, vibration frequency, glottal flow rate, open quotient, and high-speed image sequences) were recorded and compared. General pre- to post-injection trends included decreased onset pressure, glottal flow rate, and open quotient, and increased vibration frequency. Additionally, there was a decrease in mucosal wave velocity and an increase in phase angle. The thesis results are anticipated to aid in better understanding the physical effects of augmentation injections, with the ultimate goal of obtaining more consistent surgical outcomes, and also to contribute to the advancement of voice research through the development of the new synthetic model.
8
Habert, Séverine [Verfasser], Nassir [Akademischer Betreuer] Navab, Nassir [Gutachter] Navab y Pascal [Gutachter] Fallavollita. "Multi-Modal Visualization Paradigms for RGBD augmented X-ray Imaging / Séverine Habert ; Gutachter: Nassir Navab, Pascal Fallavollita ; Betreuer: Nassir Navab". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1164590758/34.
9
Feuerstein, Marco. "Augmented reality in laparoscopic surgery new concepts and methods for intraoperative multimodal imaging and hybrid tracking in computer aided surgery". Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/991301250/04.
10
Hammami, Houda. "Guidance of radioembolization procedures in the context of interventional oncology". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN1S121.
Resumen
La radioembolisation est une intervention mini-invasive réalisée pour traiter le cancer du foie en administrant des microsphères radioactives. Afin d'optimiser les résultats du traitement, la procédure est réalisée en deux sessions : une intervention de prétraitement, principalement réalisée pour localiser le site d'injection, évaluer la distribution et effectuer une évaluation dosimétrique, et une intervention de traitement réalisée pour injecter la dose appropriée de microsphères radioactives dans le site d'injection localisé. En raison la complexité de la vascularisation hépatique, les radiologues interventionnels manipulent soigneusement le cathéter, lors des deux interventions, sous guidage radiographique et recourent à l'injection de produit de contraste afin de visualiser les vaisseaux. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une nouvelle stratégie de guidage qui promet une simplification et une précision de la navigation du cathéter lors des deux interventions. Le système de navigation proposé traite les images préopératoires et peropératoires pour réaliser une fusion d'images grâce à une technique de recalage rigide. Cette approche est conçue pour 1) aider l'accès au tronc cœliaque, 2) aider l'accès au site d'injection et 3) reproduire le site d'injection lors de l'intervention de traitement. Sachant que le foie subit un déplacement lié au mouvement respiratoire, nous proposons également une approche qui permet d'obtenir une superposition dynamique des vaisseaux 3D projetés sur la fluoroscopieRadioembolization is a minimally-invasive intervention performed to treat liver cancer by administering radioactive microspheres. In order to optimize radioembolization outcomes, the procedure is carried out in two sessions: pretreatment assessment intervention, mainly performed to locate the injection site, assess microspheres distribution and perform dosimetry evaluation, and treatment intervention performed to inject the estimated proper dose of radioactive microspheres in the located injection site. Due to the hepatic vasculature complexity, interventional radiologists carefully manipulate the catheter, during the two interventions, under X-Ray image guidance and resort to contrast media injection in order to highlight vessels. In this thesis, we propose a novel guidance strategy that promises a simplification and accuracy of the catheter navigation during the pretreatment assessment, as well as during the treatment interventions. The proposed navigation system processes pre- and intraoperative images to achieve intraoperative image fusion through a rigid registration technique. This approach is designed to 1) assist the celiac trunk access, 2) assist the injection site access and 3) automatically reproduce the injection site during the proper intervention. Knowing that the liver undergoes a motion induced by the breathing, we also propose an approach that allows obtaining a dynamic overlay of the projected 3D vessels onto fluoroscopy
11
Wang, Lejing Verfasser], Nassir [Akademischer Betreuer] [Navab, Russel H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Taylor y Ekkehard [Akademischer Betreuer] Euler. "Novel techniques for integrating video augmented X-ray imaging into orthopedic and trauma surgery / Lejing Wang. Gutachter: Nassir Navab ; Russel H. Taylor ; Ekkehard Euler. Betreuer: Nassir Navab". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1031550534/34.
12
Seibert, Jan [Verfasser], Kristen [Gutachter] Panfilio y Siegfried [Gutachter] Roth. "Characterizing multiple roles of pannier during embryogenesis, as revealed with an augmented fluorescent live imaging toolkit, in the beetle Tribolium castaneum. / Jan Seibert ; Gutachter: Kristen Panfilio, Siegfried Roth". Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1129881113/34.
13
Soliman, Dominik Maximilian [Verfasser], Vasilis [Akademischer Betreuer] Ntziachristos, Gil G. [Gutachter] Westmeyer y Sibylle [Gutachter] Ziegler. "Augmented microscopy: Development and application of high-resolution optoacoustic and multimodal imaging techniques for label-free biological observation / Dominik Maximilian Soliman ; Gutachter: Gil G. Westmeyer, Sibylle Ziegler ; Betreuer: Vasilis Ntziachristos". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1154931358/34.
14
Withers, James. "Adaptive processing of thin structures to augment segmentation of dual-channel structural MRI of the human brain". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4723.
Resumen
This thesis presents a method for the segmentation of dual-channel structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes of the human brain into four tissue classes. The state-of-the-art FSL FAST segmentation software (Zhang et al., 2001) is in widespread clinical use, and so it is considered a benchmark. A significant proportion of FAST’s errors has been shown to be localised to cortical sulci and blood vessels; this issue has driven the developments in this thesis, rather than any particular clinical demand. The original theme lies in preserving and even restoring these thin structures, poorly resolved in typical clinical MRI. Bright plate-shaped sulci and dark tubular vessels are best contrasted from the other tissues using the T2- and PD-weighted data, respectively. A contrasting tube detector algorithm (based on Frangi et al., 1998) was adapted to detect both structures, with smoothing (based on Westin and Knutsson, 2006) of an intermediate tensor representation to ensure smoothness and fuller coverage of the maps. The segmentation strategy required the MRI volumes to be upscaled to an artificial high resolution where a small partial volume label set would be valid and the segmentation process would be simplified. A resolution enhancement process (based on Salvado et al., 2006) was significantly modified to smooth homogeneous regions and sharpen their boundaries in dual-channel data. In addition, it was able to preserve the mapped thin structures’ intensities or restore them to pure tissue values. Finally, the segmentation phase employed a relaxation-based labelling optimisation process (based on Li et al., 1997) to improve accuracy, rather than more efficient greedy methods which are typically used. The thin structure location prior maps and the resolution-enhanced data also helped improve the labelling accuracy, particularly around sulci and vessels. Testing was performed on the aged LBC1936 clinical dataset and on younger brain volumes acquired at the SHEFC Brain Imaging Centre (Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK), as well as the BrainWeb phantom. Overall, the proposed methods rivalled and often improved segmentation accuracy compared to FAST, where the ground truth was produced by a radiologist using software designed for this project. The performance in pathological and atrophied brain volumes, and the differences with the original segmentation algorithm on which it was based (van Leemput et al., 2003), were also examined. Among the suggestions for future development include a soft labelling consensus formation framework to mitigate rater bias in the ground truth, and contour-based models of the brain parenchyma to provide additional structural constraints.
15
Tokunaga, Daniel Makoto. "Local pose estimation of feature points for object based augmented reality". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-22092016-110832/.
Resumen
Usage of real objects as links between real and virtual information is one key aspect in augmented reality. A central issue to achieve this link is the estimation of the visuospatial information of the observed object, or in other words, estimating the object pose. Different objects can have different behaviors when used for interaction. This not only encompasses changes in position, but also folding or deformations. Traditional researches in the area solve those pose estimation problems using different approaches, depending on the type of the object. Additionally, some researches are based only on positional information of observed feature points, simplifying the object information. In this work, we explore the pose estimation of different objects by gathering more information from the observed feature points, and obtaining the local poses of such points, which are not explored in other researches. We apply this local pose estimation idea in two different capturing scenarios, reaching two novel approaches of pose estimation: one based on RGB-D cameras, and another based on RGB and machine learning methods. In the RGB-D based approach, we use the feature point orientation and near surface to obtain its normal; then, find the local 6 degrees-of-freedom (DoF) pose. This approach gives us not only the rigid object pose, but also the approximated pose of deformed objects. On the other hand, our RGB based approach explores machine learning with local appearance changes. Unlike other RGB based works, we replace the complex non-linear systems solvers with a fast and robust method, reaching local rotation of the observed feature points, as well as, full 6 DoF rigid object pose with dramatically lower real-time calculation demands. Both approaches show us that gathering local poses can bring information for the pose estimation of different types of objects.O uso de objetos reais como meio de conexão entre informações reais e virtuais é um aspecto chave dentro da realidade aumentada. Uma questão central para tal conexão é a estimativa de informações visuo-espaciais do objeto, ou em outras palavras, a detecção da pose do objeto. Diferentes objetos podem ter diferentes comportamentos quando utilizados em interações. Não somente incluindo a mudança de posição, mas também sendo dobradas ou deformadas. Pesquisas tradicionais solucionam tais problemas de detecção usando diferentes abordagens, dependendo do tipo de objeto. Adicionalmente, algumas pesquisas se baseiam somente na informação posicional dos pontos de interesse, simplificando a informação do objeto. Neste trabalho, a detecção de pose de diferente objetos é explorada coletando-se mais informações dos pontos de interesse observados e, por sua vez, obtendo as poses locais de tais pontos, poses que não são exploradas em outras pesquisas. Este conceito da detecção de pose locais é aplicada em dois ambientes de capturas, estendendo-se em duas abordagens inovadoras: uma baseada em câmeras RGB-D, e outra baseada em câmeras RGB e métodos de aprendizado de maquinas. Na abordagem baseada em RGB-D, a orientação e superfície ao redor do ponto de interesse são utilizadas para obter a normal do ponto. Através de tais informações a pose local é obtida. Esta abordagem não só permite a obtenção de poses de objetos rígidos, mas também a pose aproximada de objetos deformáveis. Por outro lado, a abordagem baseada em RGB explora o aprendizado de máquina aplicado em alterações das aparências locais. Diferentemente de outros trabalhos baseados em câmeras RGB, esta abordagem substitui solucionadores não lineares complexos com um método rápido e robusto, permitindo a obtenção de rotações locais dos pontos de interesse, assim como, a pose completa (com 6 graus-de-liberdade) de objetos rígidos, com uma demanda computacional muito menor para cálculos em tempo-real. Ambas as abordagens mostram que a coleta de poses locais podem gerar informações para a detecção de poses de diferentes tipos de objetos.
16
Barberio, Manuel. "Real-time intraoperative quantitative assessment of gastrointestinal tract perfusion using hyperspectral imaging (HSI)". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ120.
Resumen
La fistule anastomotique (FA) est une complication grave de la chirurgie. Une perfusion locale adéquate est fondamentale pour réduire le risque de FA. Cependant, les critères cliniques ne sont pas fiables pour évaluer la perfusion intestinale. À cet égard, l'angiographie par fluorescence (AF) a été explorée. Malgré des résultats prometteurs dans les essais cliniques, l'évaluation de l'AF est subjective, d'où l'incertitude quant à son efficacité. L'AF quantitative a déjà été introduite. Cependant, elle est limitée par la nécessité d'injecter un fluorophore. L'imagerie hyperspectrale (HSI) est une technique d'imagerie optique prometteuse couplant un spectroscope à une caméra photo, permettant une analyse quantitative des tissus en temps réel et sans contraste. L'utilisation intraopératoire de l'HSI est limitée par la présence d'images statiques. Nous avons développé la hyperspectral-based enhanced reality (HYPER), pour permettre une évaluation précise de la perfusion intraopératoire. Cette thèse décrit les étapes du développement et de la validation d'HYPERAnastomotic leak (AL) is a severe complication in surgery. Adequate local perfusion is fundamental to promote anastomotic healing, reducing the risk of AL. However, clinical criteria are unreliable to evaluate bowel perfusion. Consequently, a tool allowing to objectively detect intestinal viability intraoperatively is desirable. In this regard, fluorescence angiography (FA) has been explored. In spite of promising results in clinical trials, FA assessment is subjective, hence the efficacy of FA is unclear. Quantitative FA has been previously introduced. However, it is limited by the need of injecting a fluorophore. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a promising optical imaging technique coupling a spectroscope with a photo camera, allowing for a contrast-free, real-time, and quantitative tissue analysis. The intraoperative usability of HSI is limited by the presence of static images. We developed hyperspectral-based enhanced reality (HYPER), to allow for precise intraoperative perfusion assessment. This thesis describes the steps of the development and validation of HYPER
17
Agustinos, Anthony. "Navigation augmentée d'informations de fluorescence pour la chirurgie laparoscopique robot-assistée". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS033/document.
Resumen
La chirurgie laparoscopique reproduit fidèlement les principes de la chirurgie conventionnelle avec une agressioncorporelle minimale. Si cette chirurgie apparaît comme étant très avantageuse pour le patient, il s’agit d’une interventionchirurgicale difficile où la complexité du geste chirurgical est accrue, en comparaison avec la chirurgie conventionnelle.Cette complexité réside en partie dans la manipulation des instruments chirurgicaux et la visualisation dela scène chirurgicale (notamment le champ de visualisation restreint d’un endoscope classique). La prise de décisionsdu chirurgien pourrait être améliorée en identifiant des zones critiques ou d’intérêts non visibles dans la scènechirurgicale.Mes travaux de recherche visent à combiner la robotique, la vision par ordinateur et la fluorescence pour apporterune réponse à ces difficultés : l’imagerie de fluorescence fournira une information visuelle supplémentaire pour aiderle chirurgien dans la détermination des zones à opérer ou à éviter (par exemple, visualisation du canal cystique lorsd’une cholécystectomie). La robotique assurera la précision et l’efficience du geste du chirurgien ainsi qu’une visualisationet un suivi "plus intuitif" de la scène chirurgicale. L’association de ces deux technologies permettra de guideret sécuriser le geste chirurgical.Une première partie de ce travail a consisté en l’extraction d’informations visuelles dans les deux modalités d’imagerie(laparoscopie/fluorescence). Des méthodes de localisation 2D/3D en temps réel d’instruments chirurgicaux dansl’image laparoscopique et de cibles anatomiques dans l’image de fluorescence ont été conçues et développées.Une seconde partie a consisté en l’exploitation de l’information visuelle bimodale pour l’élaboration de lois de commandepour des robots porte-endoscope et porte-instrument. Des commandes par asservissement visuel d’un robotporte-endoscope pour suivre un ou plusieurs instruments dans l’image laparoscopique ou une cible d’intérêt dansl’image de fluorescence ont été mises en oeuvre.Dans l’objectif de pouvoir commander un robot porte-instrument, enfonction des informations visuelles fournies par le système d’imagerie, une méthode de calibrage basée sur l’exploitationde l’information 3D de la localisation d’instruments chirurgicaux a également été élaborée. Cet environnementmultimodal a été évalué quantitativement sur banc d’essai puis sur spécimens anatomiques.À terme ce travail pourra s’intégrer au sein d’architectures robotisées légères, non-rigidement liées, utilisant des robotsde comanipulation avec des commandes plus élaborées tel que le retour d’effort. Une telle "augmentation" descapacités de visualisation et d’action du chirurgien pourraient l’aider à optimiser la prise en charge de son patientLaparoscopic surgery faithfully reproduce the principles of conventional surgery with minimal physical aggression.If this surgery appears to be very beneficial for the patient, it is a difficult surgery where the complexity of surgicalact is increased, compared with conventional surgery. This complexity is partly due to the manipulation of surgicalinstruments and viewing the surgical scene (including the restricted field of view of a conventional endoscope). Thedecisions of the surgeon could be improved by identifying critical or not visible areas of interest in the surgical scene.My research aimed to combine robotics, computer vision and fluorescence to provide an answer to these problems :fluorescence imaging provides additional visual information to assist the surgeon in determining areas to operate or tobe avoided (for example, visualization of the cystic duct during cholecystectomy). Robotics will provide the accuracyand efficiency of the surgeon’s gesture as well as a visualization and a "more intuitive" tracking of the surgical scene.The combination of these two technologies will help guide and secure the surgical gesture.A first part of this work consisted in extracting visual information in both imagingmodalities (laparoscopy/fluorescence).Localization methods for 2D/3D real-time of laparoscopic surgical instruments in the laparoscopic image and anatomicaltargets in the fluorescence image have been designed and developed. A second part consisted in the exploitationof the bimodal visual information for developing control laws for robotics endoscope holder and the instrument holder.Visual servoing controls of a robotic endoscope holder to track one or more instruments in laparoscopic image ora target of interest in the fluorescence image were implemented. In order to control a robotic instrument holder withthe visual information provided by the imaging system, a calibration method based on the use of 3D information of thelocalization of surgical instruments was also developed. This multimodal environment was evaluated quantitativelyon the test bench and on anatomical specimens.Ultimately this work will be integrated within lightweight robotic architectures, not rigidly linked, using comanipulationrobots with more sophisticated controls such as force feedback. Such an "increase" viewing capabilities andsurgeon’s action could help to optimize the management of the patient
18
Mouktadiri, Ghizlane. "Angiovision - Pose d'endoprothèse aortique par angionavigation augmentée". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943465.
Resumen
Nous avons développé un modèle numérique du traitement des anévrismes de l'aorte abdominale (AAA) en utilisant l'analyse par éléments finis (FEA). L'objectif est de simuler les différentes étapes de la procédure endovasculaire dans la phase préopératoire. Pour cela, dans un premier temps, on a fait des études expérimentales Macro et Nano de rupture, indentation, traction, frottement des outils métalliques et des biomatériaux. Ensuite, on a développé une nouvelle approche de la conception des structures anatomiques très angulées et hétérogènes, et enfin, on a crée une maquette numérique de l'interaction outils métalliques et biomatériaux. Dans ce modèle, nous avons pris en compte la géométrie réelle reconstituée à partir des scans, une caractérisation locale des propriétés mécaniques guide / cathéter, une cartographie des propriétés des matériaux composites en fonction de la qualité pariétale, et une projection de l'environnement de l'artère dans l'outil de simulation. Nos résultats ont été validés grâce à un recalage entre les données cliniques et notre simulation pour un groupe donné de patients, dont les artères sont très tortueuses et calcifiées. Cet outil d'aide à l'acte chirurgical permet de contrôler avec précision la navigation endovasculaire en péropératoire, prédire la faisabilité de la chirurgie avec une fiabilité ainsi que d'optimiser le nombre d'outils métalliques pour chaque patient, en tenant compte du risque de rupture des zones avec fortes tortuosités et hétérogénéités.
19
Seeliger, Barbara. "Évaluation de la perfusion viscérale et anastomotique par réalité augmentée basée sur la fluorescence". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ048.
Resumen
La technique de réalité augmentée basée sur la fluorescence permet de quantifier la dynamique d’un signal fluorescent et de superposer une cartographie de perfusion aux images laparoscopiques en temps réel. Un modèle d’ischémie colique a été choisi afin de différencier différents types d’ischémie et l’extension d’une zone ischémique dans les différentes couches de la paroi. L’évaluation de la dynamique de fluorescence assistée par logiciel et couplée à une approche d’apprentissage automatique a permis de faire la distinction entre une ischémie d’origine artérielle et d’origine veineuse avec un bon taux de prédiction. Dans la seconde étude colique, les cartographies de perfusion ont clairement mis en évidence que l’étendue d’ischémie était significativement plus large du côté muqueux et risquait d’être sous-estimée avec une analyse exclusive du côté séreux. Deux études ont démontré que la technique d’imagerie par fluorescence permet de guider le chirurgien en temps réel au cours d’une chirurgie mini-invasive des glandes surrénales et que l’analyse quantitative effectuée avec le logiciel facilite la distinction entre les segments vascularisés et ischémiquesThe fluorescence-based enhanced reality approach is used to quantify fluorescent signal dynamics and superimpose the perfusion cartography onto laparoscopic images in real time. A colonic ischemia model was chosen to differentiate between different types of ischemia and determine the extension of an ischemic zone in the different layers of the colonic wall. The evaluation of fluorescence dynamics associated with a machine learning approach made it possible to distinguish between arterial and venous ischemia with a good prediction rate. In the second study, quantitative perfusion assessment showed that the extent of ischemia was significantly larger on the mucosal side, and may be underestimated with an exclusive analysis of the serosal side. Two further studies have revealed that fluorescence imaging can guide the surgeon in real time during minimally invasive adrenal surgery, and that quantitative software fluorescence analysis facilitates the distinction between vascularized and ischemic segments
20
Boschet, Christophe. "Laparoscopie Répartie". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689725.
Resumen
En chirurgie laparoscopique, les chirurgiens doivent prendre des décisions appropriées en se basant sur une image qui leur offre un point de vue unique du site opératoire. Cette tâche est difficile à réaliser compte tenu du champ de vue limité de l'endoscope et du fait que l'endoscope rigide doit passer par un point d'insertion unique. Ces contraintes obligent les chirurgiens à réaliser des mouvements d'aller-retour avec l'endoscope, alternant entre des vues détaillées et des vues globales de la scène, qui leur permettent de se repérer plus facilement. Dans le but d'observer les parties cachées d'un organe, les chirurgiens aimeraient bien pouvoir changer le point de vue, sans avoir à insérer l'endoscope dans un nouveau point d'insertion. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous proposons au chirurgien de visualiser une image virtuelle de la cavité abdominale, synthétisée selon un point de vue quelconque. Notre approche est basée sur l'insertion d'un commando de caméras miniatures au sein de la cavité abdominale. Ces caméras sont fixées à la paroi abdominale, aux trocarts ou aux outils chirurgicaux, de sorte qu'au moins l'une d'entre elles soit en mesure de percevoir une information pertinente pour le chirurgien. Les caméras sont regroupées en paires stéréoscopiques pour reconstruire des modèles 3D du site opératoire. Ces modèles fournissent un cadre de référence qui permet la fusion de toutes les images perçues par les caméras, restituée sous forme d'une image stable synthétisée selon tout point de vue. L'image virtuelle est rendue selon le point de vue désiré par le chirurgien, ce qui lui permet d'explorer la cavité abdominale sans intervenir sur les caméras réelles.
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Antoni, Florent. "Conception & études de biodistribution de liposomes ciblant CD44 dans un modèle de cancer du sein". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC063.
Resumen
Ce projet a eu pour objectif d’étudier la biodistribution in vivo de nanoparticules liposomales ciblant CD44, et en particulier d’évaluer l’effet de l’agent de ciblage (aptamère anti-CD44 greffé en surface des liposomes) sur leur accumulation tumorale. Des liposomes anti-CD44 fluorescents et radiomarqués pour l’imagerie en Tomographie par Emission de Positons ont été conçus. La méthode que nous avons développée a l’avantage d’être applicable à tout type de nanoparticule liposomale, quel que soit l’agent de ciblage. Les résultats de biodistribution obtenus chez des souris porteuses de xénogreffes de cancer du sein surexprimant CD44 ont montré que les liposomes ciblant CD44 ont une accumulation tumorale supérieure à celle des liposomes sans antigène cible, et que cette différence est liée à l’interaction spécifique Aptamère-CD44. Ceci confirme l’intérêt des liposomes fonctionnalisés avec l’aptamère anti-CD44 à visée thérapeutique (après chargement en drogues) dans les types tumoraux surexprimant CD44. Enfin les nanoparticules que nous avons développées constituent de bons agents d’ « imagerie compagnon », permettant de vérifier en imagerie isotopique l’accumulation tumorale de leurs équivalents thérapeutiques avant administration chez les patientsThis project aimed to study the in vivo biodistribution of liposomal nanoparticles targeting CD44, and particularly to evaluate the effect of the targeting agent (anti-CD44 aptamer grafted on the surface of liposomes) on their tumor accumulation. Fluorescent and radiolabeled anti-CD44 liposomes for Positron Emission Tomography imaging were designed. The method we developed has the advantage of being applicable to any type of liposomal nanoparticle, regardless of the targeting agent. The biodistribution results obtained in mice bearing CD44 overexpressing breast cancer xenografts showed that CD44-targeting liposomes had greater tumor accumulation than liposomes without a target antigen, and that this difference was related to the specific Aptamer-CD44 interaction. This confirms the interest of liposomes functionalized with the anti-CD44 aptamer as therapeutic agents (after loading in drugs) in tumor types overexpressing CD44. Finally, the nanoparticles that we have developed are good "companion imaging" agents, making it possible to verify by isotopic imaging the tumor accumulation of the therapeutic counterparts before their administration in patients
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Dias, Tiago Jose Simoes. "Augmented Reality Using Non-Central Catadioptric Imaging Devices". Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/40427.
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Feuerstein, Marco [Verfasser]. "Augmented reality in laparoscopic surgery : new concepts for intraoperative multimodal imaging / Marco Feuerstein". 2007. http://d-nb.info/986304247/34.
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Liu, Fei. "Hand-held Augmented Reality for Facility Maintenance". Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-301363.
Resumen
Buildings and public infrastructures are crucial to our societies in that they provide habitations, workplaces, commodities and services indispensible to our daily life. As vital parts of facility management, operations and maintenance (O&M) ensure a facility to continuously function as intended, which take up the longest time in a facility’s life cycle and demand great expense. Therefore, computers and information technology have been actively adopted to automate traditional maintenance methods and processes, making O&M faster and more reliable. Augmented reality (AR) offers a new approach towards human-computer interaction through directly displaying information related to real objects that people are currently perceiving. People’s sensory perceptions are enhanced (augmented) with information of interest naturally without deliberately turning to computers. Hence, AR has been proved to be able to further improve O&M task performance. The research motif of this thesis is user evaluations of AR applications in the context of facility maintenance. The studies look into invisible target designation tasks assisted by developed AR tools in both indoor and outdoor scenarios. The focus is to examine user task performance, which is influenced by both AR system performance and human perceptive, cognitive and motoric factors. Target designation tasks for facility maintenance entail a visualization-interaction dilemma. Two AR systems built upon consumer-level hand-held devices using an off-the-shelf AR software development toolkit are evaluated indoors with two disparate solutions to the dilemma – remote laser pointing and the third person perspective (TPP). In the study with remote laser pointing, the parallax effect associated with AR “X-ray vision” visualization is also an emphasis. A third hand-held AR system developed in this thesis overlays infrared information on façade video, which is evaluated outdoors. Since in an outdoor environment marker-based tracking is less desirable, an infrared/visible image registration method is developed and adopted by the system to align infrared information correctly with the façade in the video. This system relies on the TPP to overcome the aforementioned dilemma.
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Elvezio, Carmine. "XR Development with the Relay and Responder Pattern". Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-k5ve-hk48.
Resumen
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) provide powerful, natural, and robust ways to interact with digital content, across a number of different domains. AR and VR, collectively known as Extended Reality (XR), can facilitate the execution of surgical procedures, aid in maintenance and repair of mechanical equipment, provide novel visualization paradigms for data analysis, and even empower new ways to experience video games. These experiences are built on rich, complex real-time interactive systems (RISs) that require the integration of numerous components supporting everything from rendering of virtual content to tracking of objects and people in the real world. There are decades of research on the development of robust RISs, utilizing different software engineering modalities, which facilitate the creation of these systems. While in the past, developers would frequently write all of the components and the “logical glue” themselves (often built with graphics suites such as OpenGL and DirectX), with the the rise of popular 3D game creation engines, such as Unity and Unreal, new development modalities have begun to emerge.
While the underlying game engines provide a significantly easier pipeline to integrate different subsystems of AR/VR applications, there are a number of development questions that arise when considering how interaction, visualization, rendering, and application logic should interact, as developers are often left to create the “logical glue” on their own, leading to software components with low reusability. As the needs of users of these systems increase and become more complex, and as the software and hardware technology improves and becomes more sophisticated, the underlying subsystems must also evolve to help meet these needs. In this work, I present a new software design pattern, the Relay & Responder (R&R) pattern, that attempts to address the concerns found with many traditional object-oriented approaches in XR systems. The R&R pattern simplifies the design of these systems by separating logical components from the communication infrastructure that connects them, while minimizing coupling and facilitating the creation of logical hierarchies that can improve XR application design and module reuse.
Additionally, I explore how this pattern can, across a number of different research development efforts, aid in the creation of powerful and rich XR RISs. I first present related work in XR system design and introduce the R&R pattern. Then I discuss how XR development can be eased by utilizing modular building blocks and present the Mercury Messaging framework, which implements the R&R pattern. Next I delve into three new XR systems that explore complex XR RIS designs (including user study management modules) using the pattern and framework. I then address the creation of multi-user, networked XR RISs using R&R and Mercury. Finally I end with a discussion on additional considerations, advantages, and limitations of the pattern and framework, in addition to prospective future work that will help improve both.
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Dix, Phillip. "Design of peripheral devices to augment use of unmanned aerial systems in agriculture". Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/39278.
Resumen
Master of ScienceDepartment of Biological & Agricultural Engineering
Daniel Flippo
This document presents two distinct designs for tools with potential to improve the efficacy of using multirotor aerial systems in agricultural research. I show design methods and results for constructing electrical, mechanical, and software subsystems capable of working in concert to achieve functional results in each design case. The first presented design is a device capable of remotely collecting pest samples directly from a multirotor to improve the speed and efficiency with which researchers and observe and respond to insect infestations. Design concepts, potential improvements, and construction methods are discussed culminating in the presentation of a prototype. The second design presented here is a printed circuit board for integration of a GNSS receiver with Real Time Kinematic correction capability, an IMU for orientation estimation, and a microcontroller with firmware to support, condition, and log data outputs. The purpose of this design is to provide precise logs of position and orientation of an aircraft and attached camera while collecting images of cropland. This reference data allows precise and accurate geolocation of the images and permits them to be stitched together into a composite map of cropland without requirements for overlap in the content of each individual image. Reduction in required image overlap allows composite aerial images of cropland to be constructed with far less flight time and research expenditure. The development and basic functionality of the device is discussed here. Deeper analysis of performance and applications of this technology is reserved for future publications.
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Fournaise, Érik. "Développement d’une méthode de transfert de protéines présentes dans des sections tissulaires minces sur des cibles fonctionnalisées pour augmenter la spécificité de l’imagerie MS du protéome". Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11463.
Resumen
L’imagerie par spectrométrie de masse (IMS) est une technique en pleine expansion et utilisée dans beaucoup d’études effectuées sur des systèmes biologiques tels que la corrélation entre l’expression moléculaire et l’état de santé d’un tissu et pour étudier la biologie du développement. Cependant, plus particulièrement lors de l’analyse de protéines, seulement les molécules les plus abondantes et/ou les plus facilement ionisables seront détectées. L’une des approches utilisées pour éviter cette limitation est de transférer les protéines de manière sélective à partir d’une section tissulaire mince vers une surface fonctionnalisée tout en maintenant leur organisation spatiale. Dans ce cas, seulement les protéines possédant une affinité pour la surface seront alors retenues alors que les autres seront éliminées. Donc, la nature chimique de cette surface est critique. Les travaux de recherches présentés dans ce mémoire portent sur le développement d’une méthode de transfert des protéines d’une section tissulaire vers une surface composée de nitrocellulose. Cette méthode utilise un système permettant d’effectuer le transfert sans contact physique direct entre les surfaces. De plus, lors du transfert, une pression physique est appliquée. Dans une première approche, la méthode développée a été appliquée en utilisant une section de rein de souris comme échantillon modèle. Des sections sérielles ont été collectées, soit pour être colorées à l’aide d’hématoxyline et d’éosine (H&E) afin de démontrer la régiospécificité du transfert, soit pour être analysées directement par IMS afin de déterminer si les protéines détectées après transfert sont également détecter dans les sections analysées directement. Les résultats obtenus ont démontré qu’un sous-ensemble de protéines a été transféré tout en conservant leur position spatiale initiale dans les sections. Certains signaux observés pour les protéines transférées sont uniques et/ou sont nettement mieux détectés que lors de l’analyse directe d’une section.Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a technique in full expansion that is used in a large range of studies such as the correlation between molecular expression and the health status of a tissue and developmental biology. A common limitation of the technology is that only the more abundant and/or more easily ionisable molecules are usually detected, in particular in protein analysis. One of the methods used to alleviate this limitation is the direct specific transfer of proteins from a tissue section to a functionalized surface with high spatial fidelity. In this case, only proteins with an affinity for the surface will be retained whereas others will be removed. The chemical nature of the surface is therefore critical. The research work presented in this document proposes a high spatial fidelity transfer method for proteins from a tissue section onto a nitrocellulose surface. The method uses a homebuilt apparatus that allows the transfer process to be done without any direct physical contact between the tissue section and the transfer surface while still using physical pressure to help protein migration. In subsequent work, the developed method was used to transfer proteins from a mouse kidney section onto the nitrocellulose surface. Serials sections were also collected either to be colored with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to assess the high spatial fidelity of the transfer process, or to be directly analyzed as a control sample to access the different signals detected after transfer. Results showed a high spatial fidelity transfer of a subset of proteins. Some of the detected transferred proteins were not observed after direct tissue analysis and/or showed an increase in sensitivity.