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Forsyth, Hannah. "Post-war political economics and the growth of Australian university research, c.1945-1965". History of Education Review 46, n.º 1 (5 de junio de 2017): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-10-2015-0023.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the national and international political-economic environment in which Australian university research grew. It considers the implications of the growing significance of knowledge to the government and capital, looking past institutional developments to also historicise the systems that fed and were fed by the universities. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on the extensive archival research in the National Archives of Australia and the Australian War Memorial on the formation and funding of a wide range of research programmes in the immediate post-war period after the Second World War. These include the Australian Atomic Energy Commission, the NHMRC, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, the Australian Pacific Territories Research Council, the Commonwealth Office of Education, the Universities Commission and the Murray review. This research was conducted under the Margaret George Award for emerging scholars for a project entitled “Knowledge, Nation and Democracy in Post-War Australia”. Findings After the Second World War, the Australian Government invested heavily in research: funding that continued to expand in subsequent decades. In the USA, similar government expenditure affected the trajectory of capitalist democracy for the remainder of the twentieth century, leading to a “military-industrial complex”. The outcome in Australia looked quite different, though still connected to the structure and character of Australian political economics. Originality/value The discussion of the spectacular growth of universities after the Second World War ordinarily rests on the growth in enrolments. This paper draws on a very large literature review as well as primary research to offer new insights into the connections between research and post-war political and economic development, which also explain university growth.
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Crowe, B. L. y I. G. Mcdonald. "Telemedicine in Australia. Recent developments". Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 3, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 1997): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633971931147.
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There have been a number of important developments in Australia in the area of telemedicine. At the national level, the House of Representatives' Standing Committee on Family and Community Affairs has been conducting the Inquiry into Health Information Management and Telemedicine. The Australian Health Ministers' Advisory Council has supported the establishment of a working party convened by the South Australian Health Commission to prepare a detailed report on issues relating to telemedicine. State governments have begun a number of telemedicine projects, including major initiatives in New South Wales and Victoria and the extensive development of telepsychiatry services in Queensland. Research activities in high-speed image transmission have been undertaken by the Australian Computing and Communications Institute and Telstra, and by the Australian Navy. The matter of the funding of both capital and recurrent costs of telemedicine services has not been resolved, and issues of security and privacy of medical information are subject to discussion. The use of the Internet as a universal communications medium may provide opportunities for the expansion of telemedicine services, particularly in the area of continuing medical education. A need has been recognized for the coordinated evaluation of telemedicine services as cost-benefit considerations are seen to be very important.
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Kerr, Rhonda y Delia V. Hendrie. "Is capital investment in Australian hospitals effectively funding patient access to efficient public hospital care?" Australian Health Review 42, n.º 5 (2018): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17231.
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Objective This study asks ‘Is capital investment in Australian public hospitals effectively funding patient access to efficient hospital care?’ Methods The study drew information from semistructured interviews with senior health infrastructure officials, literature reviews and World Health Organization (WHO) reports. To identify which systems most effectively fund patient access to efficient hospitals, capital allocation systems for 17 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries were assessed. Results Australian government objectives (equitable access to clinically appropriate, efficient, sustainable, innovative, patient-based) for acute health services are not directly addressed within Australian capital allocation systems for hospitals. Instead, Australia retains a prioritised hospital investment system for institutionally based asset replacement and capital planning, aligned with budgetary and political priorities. Australian systems of capital allocation for public hospitals were found not to match health system objectives for allocative, productive and dynamic efficiency. Australia scored below average in funding patient access to efficient hospitals. The OECD countries most effectively funding patient access to efficient hospital care have transitioned to diagnosis-related group (DRG) aligned capital funding. Measures of effective capital allocation for hospitals, patient access and efficiency found mixed government–private–public partnerships performed poorly with inferior access to capital than DRG-aligned systems, with the worst performing systems based on private finance. Conclusion Australian capital allocation systems for hospitals do not meet Australian government standards for the health system. Transition to a diagnosis-based system of capital allocation would align capital allocation with government standards and has been found to improve patient access to efficient hospital care. What is known about the topic? Very little is known about the effectiveness of Australian capital allocation for public hospitals. In Australia, capital is rarely discussed in the context of efficiency, although poor built capital and inappropriate technologies are acknowledged as limitations to improving efficiency. Capital allocated for public hospitals by state and territory is no longer reported by Australian Institute of Health and Welfare due to problems with data reliability. International comparative reviews of capital funding for hospitals have not included Australia. Most comparative efficiency reviews for health avoid considering capital allocation. The national review of hospitals found capital allocation information makes it difficult to determine ’if we have it right’ in terms of investment for health services. Problems with capital allocation systems for public hospitals have been identified within state-based reviews of health service delivery. The Productivity Commission was unable to identify the cost of capital used in treating patients in Australian public hospitals. Instead, building and equipment depreciation plus the user cost of capital (or the cost of using the money invested in the asset) are used to estimate the cost of capital required for patient care, despite concerns about accuracy and comparability. What does this paper add? This is the first study to review capital allocation systems for Australian public hospitals, to evaluate those systems against the contemporary objectives of the health systems and to assess whether prevailing Australian allocation systems deliver funds to facilitate patient access to efficient hospital care. This is the first study to evaluate Australian hospital capital allocation and efficiency. It compares the objectives of the Australian public hospitals system (for universal access to patient-centred, efficient and effective health care) against a range of capital funding mechanisms used in comparable health systems. It is also the first comparative review of international capital funding systems to include Australia. What are the implications for practitioners? Clinical quality and operational efficiency in hospitals require access for all patients to technologically appropriate hospitals. Funding for appropriate public hospital facilities, medical equipment and information and communications technology is not connected to activity-based funding in Australia. This study examines how capital can most effectively be allocated to provide patient access to efficient hospital care for Australian public hospitals. Capital investment for hospitals that is patient based, rather than institutionally focused, aligns with higher efficiency.
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Baker, S. R., L. Foster Page, W. M. Thomson, T. Broomhead, K. Bekes, P. E. Benson, F. Aguilar-Diaz et al. "Structural Determinants and Children’s Oral Health: A Cross-National Study". Journal of Dental Research 97, n.º 10 (2 de abril de 2018): 1129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034518767401.
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Much research on children’s oral health has focused on proximal determinants at the expense of distal (upstream) factors. Yet, such upstream factors—the so-called structural determinants of health—play a crucial role. Children’s lives, and in turn their health, are shaped by politics, economic forces, and social and public policies. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between children’s clinical (number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth) and self-reported oral health (oral health–related quality of life) and 4 key structural determinants (governance, macroeconomic policy, public policy, and social policy) as outlined in the World Health Organization’s Commission for Social Determinants of Health framework. Secondary data analyses were carried out using subnational epidemiological samples of 8- to 15-y-olds in 11 countries ( N = 6,648): Australia (372), New Zealand (three samples; 352, 202, 429), Brunei (423), Cambodia (423), Hong Kong (542), Malaysia (439), Thailand (261, 506), United Kingdom (88, 374), Germany (1498), Mexico (335), and Brazil (404). The results indicated that the type of political regime, amount of governance (e.g., rule of law, accountability), gross domestic product per capita, employment ratio, income inequality, type of welfare regime, human development index, government expenditure on health, and out-of-pocket (private) health expenditure by citizens were all associated with children’s oral health. The structural determinants accounted for between 5% and 21% of the variance in children’s oral health quality-of-life scores. These findings bring attention to the upstream or structural determinants as an understudied area but one that could reap huge rewards for public health dentistry research and the oral health inequalities policy agenda.
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Yates, J. "Equalisation and Cash Limits: A View from Down Under". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 5, n.º 2 (junio de 1987): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c050137.
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In this paper, the similarities in and differences between the UK and Australian systems of allocating central government grants to local government are used to evaluate the equalisation methodologies employed in each country. In the analytical framework used, fiscal disability is measured vis-à-vis the most advantaged authority. The extent of the horizontal equalisation which occurs is shown to depend on whether this most advantaged authority receives a positive, zero, or negative per capita grant. It is concluded that in the United Kingdom, under the post 1981 unitary block-grant system, a deficiency principle or sequential approach to equalisation has been continued. In Australia, if the recommendations of the 1985 national inquiry are implemented by the local government grants commissions, the equalisation methodology employed by them will imitate the UK approach. It will thus ensure that maximum support is provided to the most disadvantaged authorities, given the constraints imposed on total funds available for equalisation.
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Radcliffe, J. C. "Evolution of water recycling in Australian cities since 2003". Water Science and Technology 62, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2010): 792–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.362.
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The prolonged Australian drought which commenced in 2002, and the agreement between Australia's Commonwealth and States/Territories governments to progress water reform through the National Water Initiative, has resulted in many new recycling projects in Australia's capital cities. Dual reticulation systems are being advanced in new subdivision developments in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide. Brisbane has installed three large Advanced Water Treatment Plants that are designed to send indirect potable recycled water to the Wivenhoe Dam which is Brisbane's principal water reservoir. Numerous water recycling projects are serving industry and agriculture. Experimental managed aquifer recharge is being undertaken with wetland-treated stormwater in Adelaide and reverse osmosis treated wastewater in Perth. New National Water Quality Management Strategy recycled water guidelines have been developed for managing environmental risks, for augmentation of drinking water supplies, for managed aquifer recharge and for stormwater harvesting and reuse. Many recent investments are part-supported through Commonwealth government grants. Desalination plants are being established in Melbourne and Adelaide and a second one in Perth in addition to the newly-operational plants in Perth, South-East Queensland and Sydney. Despite there being numerous examples of unplanned indirect potable recycling, most governments remain reluctant about moving towards planned potable recycling. There is evidence of some policy bans still being maintained by governments but the National Water Commission continues to reinforce the necessity of an even-handed objective consideration of all water supply options.
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PICTON, ROGER M. "Selling national urban renewal: the National Film Board, the National Capital Commission and post-war planning in Ottawa, Canada". Urban History 37, n.º 2 (6 de julio de 2010): 301–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926810000374.
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ABSTRACT:Using film and archival evidence, this article focuses on post-war urban redevelopment in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. During this period, two federal institutions, the National Capital Commission and the National Film Board, worked in tandem to disseminate the promise of post-war urban renewal. Film and planning techniques perfected during World War II would be used to sell national urban renewal to Canadians. Rooted in centralized planning, steeped in militarist rhetoric and embedded in authoritarian tendencies, federal plans for a new modern capital had tragic implications for the marginalized and dislocated residents of the inner-city neighbourhood of LeBreton Flats.
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Morrissey, Dan. "The EU’S Struggles with Collective Action for Securities Fraud". Texas A&M Law Review 7, n.º 1 (octubre de 2019): 125–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v7.i1.3.
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Notwithstanding the apparent exit of the United Kingdom, the European Union (“EU”) has grown in membership and power since its modest beginnings after World War II, now rivaling the U.S. in economic strength. With the goal of promoting the security and prosperity of all the citizens of the countries that belong to it, the EU is pressing ahead to adopt laws that will promote their political and financial integration. Along those lines, it has also recently acknowledged a deficiency in the legal systems of its member states when it comes to allowing collective actions for victims of various types of economic harm. To address that, the EU is now developing guidelines for such procedures that can redress those injuries. In the area of securities fraud, establishing such measures has taken on more importance after both a spate of financial frauds by European companies and a significant decision from the United States Supreme Court, Morrison v. National Australia Bank. That ruling cut back on the jurisdiction of American courts to adjudicate these claims against foreign defendants—even when a significant amount of the wrongdoing has occurred in the U.S. This EU initiative to develop a collective jurisprudence to redress securities fraud also supports another goal that would foster European economic well-being. It would promote a shift in the financing of businesses there from debt to equity. That would particularly help small- and medium-size firms by giving confidence to investors in those enterprises that if they were cheated they would have an effective means to remedy that wrong. As it is now, such stock frauds can typically involve a large number of investors, many of whom have relatively small holdings. Individual actions in those situations are not only too expensive to maintain but are often inadequate to compensate all their victims and deter future misconduct. The availability of effective collective remedies would help Europeans overcome their reluctance to make equity investments and therefore provide more flexible capital structures to businesses. The European Commission10 (“Commission”) is therefore trying to fashion legal tools to address that problem. This involves enhancement of the EU’s mechanisms for stockholder litigation—what one commentator defines as “an umbrella term for various forms of suit and a range of claims brought by shareholders against the company in which they hold shares or against its directors and officers.” The EU’s proposals in that regard seek to encourage what it calls “collective actions,”—its analog to U.S. class actions—where many stockholders with small claims can join together and adjudicate them in one suit. Without such a corrective mechanism, the costs of litigation would be too great for those individuals, and they would not be able to counter the substantial resources that the defendants typically have. The EU’s proposals, however, lack features that have made American class actions so effective. The Commission is reluctant to embrace that model because of what it calls our “abusive practices.” Chief among them are contingent fees that compensate lawyers who represent shareholders harmed by these frauds. In addition, the Europeans appear determined to hold on to several rules that discourage lawyers from taking these cases. One is “loser pay,” which makes those who are unsuccessful in litigation liable for the legal fees of their counterparties who prevail. The potential of that heavy extra charge is a disincentive for lawyers who would take these cases. Another is that only plaintiffs who directly consent to be parties can be part of these actions (opt-in), as opposed to the more generous opt-out practice which includes all victims of the common fraud as plaintiffs unless they specifically choose not to participate. This Article will therefore offer comment on those deficiencies in the developing European model and encourage our friends across the Atlantic to take a more realistic approach to their reforms. The American experience with securities class actions certainly has its detractors and may have had some failings which have now been corrected. All and all, however, the U.S. approach has served our economy well by protecting investors, checking corporate wrongdoing, and affording compensation to defrauded investors. First, this Article will give a brief overview of the historic problems that European companies have had with an over-reliance on debt financing. It will then discuss how reforms like better redress for fraud can change that by giving equity investors a stronger belief that they will get a fair shake. The EU’s proposals are a step in the right direction to address that concern, and the Article will go on to describe the current state of their development. After that, it will use an American perspective to point out their shortcomings with the goal of highlighting the benefits of the U.S. model to European policymakers.
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Walby, Kevin. "Ottawa’s National Capital Commission Conservation Officers and the Policing of Public Park Sex". Surveillance & Society 6, n.º 4 (26 de junio de 2009): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v6i4.3268.
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The National Capital Commission (NCC) is an organization responsible for so-called ‘beautification’ and land development around Canada’s capital city, Ottawa. This paper examines surveillance of public sex by NCC conservation officers in Ottawa’s parks. Conceptualizing NCC conservation officer work as policing, I analyze conservation officer occurrence reports obtained through federal-level access to information requests to examine how public male with male sexual activity is problematized and criminalized. This case study of NCC conservation officer work demonstrates how notions of so-called ‘appropriate’ sexuality and space usage can be shaped and reinforced through policing and surveillance conducted by governance agents who have peace officer status. Conservation officers have been excluded from studies of policing because of a bias towards conventional municipal officers in the policing literature as well as the marginal status of specialized enforcement agents. Contributing to the literature on policing of public sex, my analysis of conservation officer occurrence reports suggests that even when bylaws and park regulations concerning erotic acts are written in gender-neutral and innocuous language, these bylaws are enforced in ways that discriminate against public homoeroticism. Though NCC officer policing is integral to attempts at purifying urban space, because of their mandate to promote the spirit of Canada in the lands surrounding Ottawa I argue that sexuality is also a matter of national character for the NCC.
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Haq, Israrul. "Gaps 1n the Employment Strategy of the National Manpower Commission: An Alternative Strategy". Pakistan Development Review 32, n.º 4II (1 de diciembre de 1993): 1213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.1213-1223.
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The National Manpower Commission (1987-89) in order to meet the unemployment situation envisages generation of an additional l.25 Million work opportunities annually. It envisages an employment target within the macroeconomic framework of a growth rate in GNP at around 8 percent annually. The NMC recommendations were cast within the following parameters. General StrategylParameters (a) Labour force is growing at more than 3 percent annually (the NMC puts it at 3.3 percent) alternatively more than one and a quarter million new people would be entering the labour market every year during 1990s. (b) An annual real G.N.P growth rate of about 8 percent on the present sectoral pattern would be just about sufficient to meet the employment target. (c) The direct employment creating policies can serve to top up the contribution of overall economic growth and cannot be a substitute for it. (d) As a medium term objective-an increase in the capital formation in the economy from 18-19 to 23-24 percent would be necessary. (e) The Commission believes that structural adjustment toward market resource allocation is compatible with high employment policy. (1) Agriculture should no longer be a passive absorber of the rural labourmajor responsibility for labour absorption must shift to sectors other than agriculture. (g) The. small-scale sector must be recognised as the leading sector for employment generation-this recognition must be duly reflected in credit policies and marketing facilities. However, the employment promotion potentials of large industrial enterprises must also be fully realised. Towards this end, it has identified following seven industries: (i) Engineering; (ii) electronics; (iii) textile specially ready made garments;
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Gough, Annette Greenall. "Sustaining Development of Environmental Education in National Political and Curriculum Priorities". Australian Journal of Environmental Education 8 (1992): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600003335.
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The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between national economic and political priorities and environmental education policy formulation and curriculum strategies. This relationship will be placed in the historical context of developments in environmental education in Australia from 1970 until the present and will be analysed in terms of the ideological and pedagogical stances implicit, and explicit, in the developments during this period. I will argue that the emphasis throughout the period has been to sustain the development of environmental education without any questioning of why, what and how this development should occur.‘Sustainable development’ has become a slogan for governments, industry and conservation groups in recent times. It was the subtitle for the World Conservation Strategy (IUCN 1980) and the National Conservation Strategy for Australia (DHAE 1984) - living resource conservation for sustainable development - and was popularised in the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, more commonly known as the Brundtland Report or Our Common Future (WCED 1987). The definition of sustainable development given in the World Conservation Strategy (IUCN 1980: section 1.3) and repeated in the National Conservation Strategy for Australia (DHAE 1984: 12) is as follows:Development is…the modification of the biosphere and the application of human, financial, living and non-living resources to satisfy human needs and improve the quality of human life. For development to be sustainable it must take account of social and ecological factors, as well as economic ones; of the living and nonliving resource base; and of the long term as well as the short term advantages and disadvantages of alternative actions.
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Ruth Sippel, Sarah. "Financialising farming as a moral imperative? Renegotiating the legitimacy of land investments in Australia". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 50, n.º 3 (13 de noviembre de 2017): 549–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17741317.
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This paper investigates the debate about foreign investment in Australian farmland. Employing a moral perspective, it is argued that the apparent tensions over foreign land investments in recent years can be interpreted as a renegotiation of the legitimate grounds upon which farmland investments should take place. The analysis shows that elements of worth are being applied to farmland that go beyond the ‘pure’ treatment of land according to market principles. Most notably, national references, together with concerns about control over strategic resources and the involvement of foreign sovereign entities, have gained prominence. Reacting to these concerns, the investment of domestic superannuation capital has emerged as a moral imperative to keep farmland in ‘national hands’. The paper thus stresses the need for a more nuanced differentiation between different kinds of ‘capital’ and particularly the way they are morally evaluated. The paper furthermore reveals that the linkages between capital and ‘nature’ are not forged in a random or arbitrary way. They are crucially shaped by the societal understanding of the legitimacy of certain kinds of capital and their associated motives and intentions as part of the broader understanding about the rules and principles that should govern economic activities.
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Freestone, Robert. "Shaping ‘the finest city region in the world’: Gordon Stephenson and Canberra's National Capital Development Commission 1960-73". Town Planning Review 83, n.º 3 (enero de 2012): 355–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2012.20.
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Saunders, Peter. "Monitoring and addressing global poverty: A new approach and implications for Australia". Economic and Labour Relations Review 29, n.º 1 (5 de febrero de 2018): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304618756208.
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Tony Atkinson’s death at the beginning of 2017 deprived economics of one of its leading contributors to research on public economics, inequality, poverty and the welfare state. This article focuses on his last official role, as Chair of the World Bank Commission on Global Poverty. The report of the Commission – already referred to as the Atkinson Commission – proposes a new approach to measuring and monitoring the global poverty reduction targets established as part of the Sustainable Development Goals agreed by the United Nations in 2015. Atkinson developed the framework and provided the academic impetus to the work of the Commission and wrote much of its report, assisted by comments provided by an Advisory Board of eminent experts in the field and a smaller working group of selected members. The article describes some of the main features of the report’s 21 recommendations, focusing on the measurement of poverty in both monetary and non-monetary dimensions and its attempt to draw together national and global efforts to measure and reduce poverty in all its forms. It concludes with a discussion of the implications of the new approach for Australia, which like many other developed countries has so far failed to engage actively with the debate over addressing extreme global poverty. JEL Codes: D63, I32
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Woodhams, Andrew, Ted Fletcher, Menno Weustink y Miranda Taylor. "Empowering Australia in the global oil and gas standardisation initiative". APPEA Journal 58, n.º 2 (2018): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17151.
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The World Economic Forum has identified the oil and gas industry’s poor productivity performance as a significant barrier to the sanction of large capital projects. 75% of large exploration and production projects between 2010 and 2014 exceeded their budget by 50% on average and 50% of these projects exceeded schedule by almost 40%. A major cause of these poor productivity outcomes is the lack of standardisation. In Australia, the Productivity Commission raised similar concerns about Australian projects. In 2015, the government launched its competitiveness agenda that saw the formation of six industry growth centres, including National Energy Resources Australia (NERA) for oil and gas, coal and uranium. In 2017, NERA, as part of the global standardisation initiative being pursued through the International Oil and Gas Producers Association, successfully delivered a project to elevate Australia to full participating member status of the International Standards Organisation’s Technical Committee for oil and gas, petrochemicals and energy. Australia’s participation is coordinated through Standards Australia’s committee, ME-092, that also oversees several working groups progressing specific initiatives to enhance Australia’s competitiveness. This paper describes Australia’s position within the global oil and gas standardisation initiative, highlights the strategy being pursued to maximise productivity through the adoption of international standards and discusses areas being led by Australian initiatives as part of the international program. Information will be provided on how opportunities can be realised through this initiative and on the role of professionals in supporting Australia’s drive to build a regional oil and gas hub that will attract capital investment for decades to come.
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Bonner, Daniel, Paul Maguire, Björn Cartledge, Philip Keightley, Rebecca Reay, Raj Parige, Jeff Cubis, Michael Tedeschi, Peggy Craigie y Jeffrey CL Looi. "A new graduate medical school curriculum in Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine: reflections on a decade of development". Australasian Psychiatry 26, n.º 4 (26 de febrero de 2018): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856218758561.
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Objectives: The aim of this study is to reflect upon the rationale, design and development of the Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine curriculum at the Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Conclusions: We conclude that the development of the fourth-year curriculum of a four-year graduate medical degree was a complex evolutionary process.
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Galligan, Anne. "Service and Access: The Role of the National Library of Australia". Media International Australia 96, n.º 1 (agosto de 2000): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600118.
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The cultural politics associated with the National Library of Australia (NLA) as a storehouse of the national textual capital is today infused with a symbolism and rhetoric that exert considerable power in any discourse concerning the cultural state of the nation. The role of the National Library is of particular interest in that it is a service institution, but also a major cultural institution, a strategic element in the Commonwealth government's cultural policy. According to policy documents, the National Library exists to record the Australian cultural heritage, to provide a ‘crucial resource in the formation of our culture and national identity and provide a foundation for further advancement of the nation’. Within the National Library there have been a series of philosophic shifts and changes to future planning and development strategies in response to various government policy imperatives and economic contingencies. This paper will investigate the external and internal pressures and philosophies that work to change or reinforce the position of the National Library of Australia as a major cultural institution.
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Kumar Chandra Gupta, A., P. Kumar y P. Kumar Sharma. "DEVELOPMENT OF GEOSPATIAL MAP BASED PORTAL FOR DELIMITATION OF MCD WARDS". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (12 de septiembre de 2017): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-49-2017.
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The Geospatial Delhi Limited (GSDL), a Govt. of NCT of Delhi Company formed in order to provide the geospatial information of National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD) to the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) and its organs such as DDA, MCD, DJB, State Election Department, DMRC etc., for the benefit of all citizens of Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD). <br><br> This paper describes the development of Geospatial Map based Portal for Delimitation of MCD Wards (GMPDW) and election of 3 Municipal Corporations of NCT of Delhi. The portal has been developed as a map based spatial decision support system (SDSS) for delimitation of MCD Wards and draw of peripheral wards boundaries to planning and management of MCD Election process of State Election Commission, and as an MCD election related information searching tools (Polling Station, MCD Wards and Assembly constituency etc.,) for the citizens of NCTD. The GMPDW is based on Client-Server architecture model. It has been developed using Arc GIS Server 10.0 with .NET (pronounced dot net) technology. The GMPDW is scalable to enterprise SDSS with enterprise Geo Database & Virtual Private Network (VPN) connectivity. <br><br> Spatial data to GMPDW includes Enumeration Block (EB) and Enumeration Blocks Group (EBG) boundaries of Citizens of Delhi, Assembly Constituency, Parliamentary Constituency, Election District, Landmark locations of Polling Stations & basic amenities (Police Stations, Hospitals, Schools and Fire Stations etc.). GMPDW could help achieve not only the desired transparency and easiness in planning process but also facilitates through efficient & effective tools for management of MCD election. It enables a faster response to the changing ground realities in the development planning, owing to its in-built scientific approach and open-ended design.
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Williams, Peter John y Angelique Mary Williams. "Sustainability and planning law in Australia: achievements and challenges". International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 8, n.º 3 (10 de octubre de 2016): 226–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-06-2016-0008.
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Purpose Since 1992, all levels of government in Australia have pursued a policy of ecologically sustainable development (ESD). Crafted in response to the World Commission on Environment and Development 1987 report Our Common Future (the Brundtland Report), the principles contained in the Australian Government’s National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development have been progressively implemented at the national, state and local levels of government. The purpose of this paper is not only to track the implementation of these principles, through both policy and law in Australia, but also to highlight recent challenges to the concept of ESD using the state of New South Wales (NSW) as a case study. Design/methodology/approach Beginning with a description of the Australian concept of ESD, this paper first examines the implementation of ESD through both policy and legislation at the national level. The state of NSW is then selected for more detailed assessment, with examples of key State government legislation and court decisions considered. Equal emphasis is placed on both the achievements in ESD policy development and implementation through legislation, statutory planning procedures and litigation, as well as the challenges that have confronted the pursuit of ESD in NSW. Findings Since its introduction in 1992, the concept of ESD has matured into a key guiding principle for development and environmental decision-making in Australia. However, in recent years, ESD has been the target of significant challenge by some areas of government. Noteworthy among these challenges has been a failed attempt by the NSW Government to introduce new planning legislation which sought to replace ESD with the arguably weaker concept of “sustainable development”. Apparent from this episode is strong community and institutional support for robust sustainability provisions “manifested through ESD” within that State’s statutory planning system. Originality/value This paper provides an overview of the implementation of ESD in Australia within both a broader international context of sustainable development and specific instances of domestic interpretation and application. It extends this analysis by examining recent public policy attempts to reposition sustainability in the context of statutory planning system reform in NSW.
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Turnidge, John D. y Kathy T. Meleady. "Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Australia (AURA) surveillance system: coordinating national data on antimicrobial use and resistance for Australia". Australian Health Review 42, n.º 3 (2018): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16238.
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Objective The aim of the present study was to describe the process of establishment and coordination of the national Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Australia (AURA) surveillance system. Methods Existing surveillance programs conducted by health organisations at state or multi-jurisdictional levels were reviewed, and gaps and opportunities identified for the development of a national system. In view of the time frame available as part of the Australian Government Department of Health funding agreement, the strategy used by the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care was to commence work with existing surveillance programs, expanding and enhancing them and developing new systems where gaps were identified. Using the specifications of the AURA national system, the data from each of these elements were then analysed and reported. The system provides coverage for the acute and community sectors for antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance. Results The AURA surveillance system integrates eight streams of surveillance activities, including passive and targeted surveillance of antimicrobial use and resistance from hospitals (public and private) and the community (general practitioners and aged care homes). A gap was identified in timely surveillance of critical antimicrobial resistances (CARs), which resulted in the development of the national CARAlert system. The first comprehensive analyses of data across the surveillance programs was published in June 2016, providing baseline data for future reports to build on. Conclusion The AURA surveillance system has established the framework and foundation systems for an integrated and comprehensive picture of both antimicrobial use and resistance in Australia over time. National coordination and support will improve data collection, standardisation and analysis, and will facilitate collaboration across the states and territories, the Australian Government and the private sector. AURA publications will inform policy development and clinical decision making and improve consumer awareness of antimicrobial use and resistance. The system will continue to develop as a comprehensive system, with additional data over time, and appropriate clinical and epidemiological review. What is known about this topic? Surveillance of antimicrobial use and resistance is critical to inform effective policy development and public health responses to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Until now, surveillance of antimicrobial use and resistance in Australia has been fragmented, with state and territory and professional group differences in data collection, analysis and reporting. What does this paper add? This paper profiles the development of the AURA surveillance system, the first nationally coordinated surveillance system for antimicrobial use and resistance, and its use of a partnership approach with contributing programs in order to promote participation and to obtain data to inform strategies to prevent and contain antimicrobial resistance. This paper highlights the establishment phase, noting that the system continues to be improved with growing participation from all sectors. What are the implications for practitioners? National surveillance data from the AURA surveillance system provides evidence for action to guide improvements in infection control, antimicrobial prescribing and the prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance across all healthcare sectors. It will also enable trends to be identified and reported on, and have the capability of determining the effect of interventions to improve and rationalise antimicrobial prescribing.
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Tomlinson, Alan y Christopher Young. "Towards a New History of European Sport". European Review 19, n.º 4 (30 de agosto de 2011): 487–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798711000159.
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The European Commission has invested much symbolic capital in sport's potential contribution to European identity, recently stating ‘that sport has a role in forging identity and bringing people together’. Yet such claims must be strongly qualified. Whilst sport is conspicuously present in Europe as an everyday activity, it is elusively variegated in its social and cultural forms and impacts, and historically informed scholarship points to a more sophisticated approach to the understanding of the subject. At the same time, national histories – conceived largely within national frameworks – hold sway in the field of sports history. There is little truly comparative work and this lack allows the European Commission to put out its statements unchallenged. This article proposes a number of ways in which European sports history might be conceived comparatively. It outlines four different models of European sport (British, German, Soviet, Scandinavian), whilst highlighting the problems inherent in such modelling; argues for greater historical depth (e.g. the importance of Italy in the early modern period); warns against the dangers of presentism (e.g. highlighting the proximity of dance and gymnastics in earlier periods); challenges the hegemony of British sport; and champions the cause of a serious consideration of Eastern Europe.
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Anderson, Ian, Harriet Young, Milica Markovic y Lenore Manderson. "Koori Primary Health Care in Victoria: Developments in Service Planning". Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, n.º 4 (2000): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00031.
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The Alma Ata 1978 Declaration on primary health care has conventionally been applied in developing countries, where medically trained personnel and other highly skilled health professionals and medical infrastructure are limited. Although such concepts have salience in relatively resource rich countries such as Australia, it is in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health policy that they have become pivotal. A growing national focus on the development of Aboriginal primary health care capacity followed the release of the National Aboriginal Health Strategy (NAHS) in 1989 (Anderson, 1997). This focus consolidated further, following the evaluation of the National Aboriginal Health Strategy implementation in 1994 which preceded the transfer of administrative responsibility for the Commonwealth Aboriginal health program from the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) to the Commonwealth Health portfolio (DHFS, 1994). Within the strategic framework provided by federal state agreements, the development of primary health care services is a priority. In the current national policy framework domains of policy and strategy development have been identified as key developmental themes.
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Newton, Peter y Niki Frantzeskaki. "Creating a National Urban Research and Development Platform for Advancing Urban Experimentation". Sustainability 13, n.º 2 (8 de enero de 2021): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020530.
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Transformative changes are required for a 21st century sustainable urban development transition involving multiple interconnected domains of energy, water, transport, waste, and housing. This will necessitate a step change in performance goals and tangible solutions. Regenerative urban development has emerged as a major pathway, together with decarbonisation, climate adaptation involving new blue-green infrastructures, and transition to a new green, circular economy. These grand challenges are all unlikely to be realised with current urban planning and governance systems within a time frame that can mitigate environmental, economic, and social disruption. A new national platform for urban innovation has been envisaged and implemented in Australia that is capable of enabling engagement of multiple stakeholders across government, industry, and community as well as real time synchronous collaboration, visioning, research synthesis, experimentation, and decision-making. It targets large strategic metropolitan, mission-scale transition challenges as well as more tactical neighbourhood-scale projects. This paper introduces the iHUB: National Urban Research and Development Platform, its underlying concepts, and multiple layers of technical (IT/AV), software/analytical, data, and engagement, as envisioned and implemented in Australia’s four largest capital cities and five collaborating foundation universities.
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Newton, Peter y Niki Frantzeskaki. "Creating a National Urban Research and Development Platform for Advancing Urban Experimentation". Sustainability 13, n.º 2 (8 de enero de 2021): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020530.
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Transformative changes are required for a 21st century sustainable urban development transition involving multiple interconnected domains of energy, water, transport, waste, and housing. This will necessitate a step change in performance goals and tangible solutions. Regenerative urban development has emerged as a major pathway, together with decarbonisation, climate adaptation involving new blue-green infrastructures, and transition to a new green, circular economy. These grand challenges are all unlikely to be realised with current urban planning and governance systems within a time frame that can mitigate environmental, economic, and social disruption. A new national platform for urban innovation has been envisaged and implemented in Australia that is capable of enabling engagement of multiple stakeholders across government, industry, and community as well as real time synchronous collaboration, visioning, research synthesis, experimentation, and decision-making. It targets large strategic metropolitan, mission-scale transition challenges as well as more tactical neighbourhood-scale projects. This paper introduces the iHUB: National Urban Research and Development Platform, its underlying concepts, and multiple layers of technical (IT/AV), software/analytical, data, and engagement, as envisioned and implemented in Australia’s four largest capital cities and five collaborating foundation universities.
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Ahern, Susannah, Sue Evans, Ingrid Hopper y John Zalcberg. "Towards a strategy for clinical quality registries in Australia". Australian Health Review 43, n.º 3 (2019): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17201.
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The healthcare value of Australian clinical quality registries (CQRs) has recently been highlighted by the Australian Commission of Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC) as being similar to the benefits of CQRs reported internationally. However, the development of CQRs in Australia is currently limited by a lack of coordination and strategic planning, leading to governance and funding processes that are varied and non-sustainable. Despite this, Australia has achieved recognised success with exemplar clinical registries where funding has been sustained at least partly by public funds. To this end, Australia can learn from international CQR governance and funding models to support CQR sustainability, most notably those from European and Scandinavian countries. Further, following the release of the ACSQHC’s prioritised domains for CQRs and anticipated funding from the Medical Research Future Fund, the ACSQHC is well positioned to lead a national strategic approach for clinical registries. Together with medical leadership and engagement, operational and data management support from the jurisdictions and financial support from both the public and private sectors, a prioritised and coordinated approach may soon become a reality.
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Igbokwe-Ibeto, Chinyeaka, Emma Chukwuemeka y Elizabeth Okechukwu. "Enhancing Human Capital Development and Service Delivery in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions through Effective Academic Staff". Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 2, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2014): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v2i3.62.
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Within the framework of bureaucratic and human capital theories, an eclectic approach, the study examines the nexus between academic staff recruitment in Nigerian tertiary institutions and human capital development as well as service delivery with specific reference to universities. It is generally agreed that higher education is a sine-qua-non for human capital development and efficient service delivery. Higher education is a prerequisite for the production of highly competent experts, which in turn, contributes to the development of organizations and the economy at large. For these to be achieved, the right content and academic staff must be in place to perform this varied function. However, over the years the quality of human capital coming out of Nigerian universities and its impact on service delivery has become a source of concern to employers of labour and all stakeholders. Inferential opinions have traced the problem to the recruitment of incompetent academic staff. To investigate the issues raised, the study relied heavily on primary and secondary data and multi stage sampling was used to select the sample population. The data collected was presented in pie chart and simple percentage. Similarly, in order to test the hypotheses and establish the degree of dependence or independence of the variables under investigation, the chi-square statistical technique was used. The findings of the study revealed among others, that Nigerian universities do not employ merit, qualification and competency in the academic staff recruitment. It also established that there is a significant relationship between merit, qualification and competency based academic staff recruitment and human capital development and service delivery. To enhance human capital development and service delivery in Nigerian universities, the study recommends among others, that an independent body like the National University Commission (NUC) should be given the responsibility of academic staff recruitment and promotion for all universities in the country.
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Guaralda, Mirko, Greg Hearn, Marcus Foth, Tan Yigitcanlar, Severine Mayere y Lisa Law. "Towards Australian Regional Turnaround: Insights into Sustainably Accommodating Post-Pandemic Urban Growth in Regional Towns and Cities". Sustainability 12, n.º 24 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 10492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410492.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has made many urban policymakers, planners, and scholars, all around the globe, rethink conventional, neoliberal growth strategies of cities. The trend of rapid urbanization, particularly around capital cities, has been questioned, and alternative growth models and locations have been the subjects of countless discussions. This is particularly the case for the Australian context: The COVID-19 pandemic heightened the debates in urban circles on post-pandemic urban growth strategies and boosting the growth of towns and cities across regional Australia is a popular alternative strategy. While some scholars argue that regional Australia poses an invaluable opportunity for post-pandemic growth by ‘taking off the pressure from the capital cities’; others warn us about the risks of growing regional towns and cities without carefully designed national, regional, and local planning, design, and development strategies. Superimposing planning and development policies meant for metropolitan cities could simply result in transferring the ills of capital cities to regions and exacerbate unsustainable development and heightened socioeconomic inequalities. This opinion piece, by keeping both of these perspectives in mind, explores approaches to regional community and economic development of Australia’s towns and cities, along with identifying sustainable urban growth locations in the post-pandemic era. It also offers new insights that could help re-shape the policy debate on regional growth and development.
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Jowsey, Tanisha, Laurann Yen, Robert Wells y Stephen Leeder. "National Health and Hospital Reform Commission final report and patient-centred suggestions for reform". Australian Journal of Primary Health 17, n.º 2 (2011): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py10033.
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The final report of the National Health and Hospital Reform Commission (NHHRC) called for a strengthened consumer voice and empowerment. This has salience for the development of health policy concerning chronic illnesses. This paper compares the recommendations for chronic illness care made in the NHHRC final report with suggestions made by people with chronic illness and family carers of people with chronic illness in a recent Australian study. Sixty-six participants were interviewed in a qualitative research project of the Serious and Continuing Illness Policy and Practice Study (SCIPPS). Participants were people with type II diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic heart failure. Family carers were also interviewed. Content analysis was undertaken and participants’ recommendations for improving care were compared with those proposed in the NHHRC final report. Many suggestions from the participants of the SCIPPS qualitative research project appeared in the NHHRC final report, including the need to improve care coordination, health literacy and the experience of Indigenous Australians. The research project also identified important issues of family carers, immigrants and people with multiple illnesses, which were not addressed in the NHHRC final report. More specific attention is needed in health reform to improve the experience of family carers, Indigenous peoples, immigrants to Australia and people with multiple illnesses. To align more closely with their needs, health reform must be explicitly informed by the voices of people with chronic illness and their family carers. The NHHRC recommendations must be supplemented with proposals that address the needs of these people for support and the problems associated with poor care coordination.
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Mangioni, Vince. "Value capture taxation: alternate sources of revenue for Sub-Central government in Australia". Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 24, n.º 2 (5 de agosto de 2019): 200–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-11-2018-0065.
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Purpose Australia’s Future Tax System (2009) among its recommendations identified the need for realignment of tax revenue across the tiers of government in Australia, as well as the need to raise additional revenue from land-based taxes. In achieving these objectives, this paper aims to examine the revenues generated from land and how capital gains tax may be reconceptualised as a value capture tax resulting from the rapid urbanisation of Australia’s cities. The development of a theoretical framework realigns the emerging rationale of a value capture tax, as a means for revenue to be divested from central government in the form of capital gains, to sub-central government as a value capture tax. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research methodology comprising grounded theory and phenomenological research is used in undertaking the review of tax revenue collection from state land tax, conveyance stamp duty, local government rating and Commonwealth capital gains tax. Grounded theory is applied for constant comparison of the data with the objectives of maximising similarities and differences in these revenues with an analytical construct as defined by Strauss and Corbin (1990, p. 61). Findings The paper finds that realigning revenue from land-based taxes against the principles of good tax design provides greater opportunity to raise additional revenue to fund public infrastructure while decentralising revenue from central government. It provides an alternate mechanism for revenue transfer from central to sub-central government while conceptually improving own source revenue from value capture taxation as a new revenue source. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this paper is the ability to quantify the potential increase that would be generated in the form of value capture revenue. It is demonstrated in the paper that capital gains tax took over 15 years for revenue generation to crystallise, a factor that would likely occur in the potential introduction of a value capture tax for funding transport infrastructure. Practical implications The pathway to introducing a value capture tax is through re-innovating capital gains tax as a value capture tax directly hypothecated to funding transport infrastructure that results in the uplift in values of the surrounding property from which revenue is raised. Originality/value This paper provides a new approach in contributing to funding the capital outlay of public infrastructure in lieu of central government consolidated revenue allocated through the Commonwealth Grants Commission. It provides a much-needed approach to decentralising revenue from the Commonwealth to sub-central government in Australia which has one of the most centralised tax systems in the OECD.
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Berezovska, Lyudmyla y Anastasiia Kyrychenko. "STATE REGULATION OF CAPITAL MARKET IN UKRAINE". Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University, "Economics" Series 1, n.º 21(49) (24 de junio de 2021): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2311-5149-2021-21(49)-4-9.
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In modern conditions a developed stock market is a necessary element of the country's economy effective functioning as it establishes legal and economic relations between businesses that need financial resources and individuals who can provide them. The level of business activity in this sector determines the state of economic development of the country. Exchange activity in a market economy requires government regulation in order to ensure the efficiency, balance and stability of the exchange market. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state regulation of the stock market in Ukraine. The article analyzes the dynamics of trading on the stock market of Ukraine, identifies problems with its operation. The main models of state regulation of the financial services market are considered, namely: monoregulatory and polyregulatory. It is concluded that there is a multi-regulatory model of organized markets in Ukraine, as regulatory functions are assigned to the National Commission on Securities and Stock Market and the National Bank of Ukraine on domestic government bonds, money market derivative contracts, money market instruments. The state regulation of the stock market in Ukraine in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Simplification of Attracting Investments and Introduction of New Financial Instruments" of June 19, 2020 is studied. which includes capital markets and commodity markets; improving the organization of the depository and clearing system; introduction of a trade repository and a liquidation of the netting mechanism; enshrining in law the differences between qualified and unqualified investors; introduction of green bonds as a new type of financial instruments. It is concluded that the adoption of the above law is an important step in the development of the stock market, as this law amends the law "On Securities and Stock Market" and establishes uniform rules for all exchange traders, defines the market regulator and circulation mechanism. financial instruments, radically changes the structure of the capital market and adapts Ukrainian legislation to the norms of the European Union in the field of financial services, bringing Ukraine closer to the global financial space.
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Kerr, Rhonda, Delia V. Hendrie y Rachael Moorin. "Investing in acute health services: is it time to change the paradigm?" Australian Health Review 38, n.º 5 (2014): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13226.
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Objective Capital is an essential enabler of contemporary public hospital services funding hospital buildings, medical equipment, information technology and communications. Capital investment is best understood within the context of the services it is designed and funded to facilitate. The aim of the present study was to explore the information on capital investment in Australian public hospitals and the relationship between investment and acute care service delivery in the context of efficient pricing for hospital services. Methods This paper examines the investment in Australian public hospitals relative to the growth in recurrent hospital costs since 2000–01 drawing from the available data, the grey literature and the reports of six major reviews of hospital services in Australia since 2004. Results Although the average annual capital investment over the decade from 2000–01 represents 7.1% of recurrent expenditure on hospitals, the most recent estimate of the cost of capital consumed delivering services is 9% per annum. Five of six major inquiries into health care delivery required increased capital funding to bring clinical service delivery to an acceptable standard. The sixth inquiry lamented the quality of information on capital for public hospitals. In 2012–13, capital investment was equivalent to 6.2% of recurrent expenditure, 31% lower than the cost of capital consumed in that year. Conclusions Capital is a vital enabler of hospital service delivery and innovation, but there is a poor alignment between the available information on the capital investment in public hospitals and contemporary clinical requirements. The policy to have capital included in activity-based payments for hospital services necessitates an accurate value for capital at the diagnosis-related group (DRG) level relevant to contemporary clinical care, rather than the replacement value of the asset stock. What is known about the topic? Deeble’s comprehensive hospital-based review of capital investment and costs, published in 2002, found that investment averages of between 7.1% and 7.9% of recurrent costs primarily replaced existing assets. In 2009, the Productivity Commission and the National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission (NHHRC) recommended capital, for the replacement of buildings and medical equipment, be included in activity-based funding. However, there have been persistent concerns about the reliability and quality of the information on the value of hospital capital assets. What does this paper add? This is the first paper for over a decade to look at hospital capital costs and investment in terms of the services they support. Although health services seek to reap dividends from technology in health care, this study demonstrates that investment relative to services costs has been below sustainable levels for most of the past 10 years. The study questions the helpfulness of the highly aggregated information on capital for public hospital managers striving to improve on the efficient price for services. What are the implications for practitioners? Using specific and accurate information on capital allocations at the DRG level assists health services managers advance their production functions for the efficient delivery of services.
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Mansoor Ahmed. "Encapsulating the Translatory Attributes in the Formulation and Development of the Selected Modernist Building Constructed in Islamabad, Capital of Pakistan". Creative Space 4, n.º 2 (2 de enero de 2017): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2017.42003.
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Right after the construction of Islamabad, National Capital of Pakistan, different foreign architectswere hired by the State to undertake landmark projects in the city. Most notable among them were Doxiadis, Kenzo Tange, Edward Durell Stone. The preference given to these foreign architects over the local architect was tied to the inherited ideas of Modernist Supermacy, ‘glorified western cultures’ and their understanding of the traditional architecture specifically the so called, Islamic architecture. It was assumed that the architecture, foreign architects will produce would be technologically advanced, help in the International recognition of national architecture and become a symbol of Nation’s progression. The paper focusses on a comparative critique of the two landmark projects namely Presidential Estate and Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission building (PAEC) named as Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), both situated in Islamabad and designed by Edward Durell Stone. These two buildings have been analysedwith reference to the background forces, in line to Foucault’s term,narrated as political power, subjectivity and resistance. The research has anchored on the idea that in line with the official brief, the former project was not only inspired byInternationalstyle,but also adapted to the Mughal gardens in terms of grandeur and spatial construction. On the other hand, PINSTECH building can be read as an effort of the forceful marriage of states religious subjectivities and Modernity. The paper concludes with ‘folk architecture’ a term coined by Doxiadis and reading it in conjunction with the architectural anomalies.
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Tunbridge, John. "Empire, War and Nation: Heritage Management Perspectives from Canada and Malta". Public History Review 13 (16 de junio de 2006): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v13i0.281.
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This article offers recent insights on contested heritage from Canada and Malta. These contrasting geographical extremes span a range of heritage dissonances but share a common historical identity as successor states to the British Empire, entailing familiar postcolonial heritage equivocations. Dissonances between colonial and indigenous heritage meanings are discussed. The principal focus of the paper is the Empire at war, as an issue of heritage management in Ottawa, the capital of Canada, and in Malta; comparative insights are generated with resonance for other imperial successor states such as Australia, New Zealand and Singapore. In Ottawa the National Capital Commission is engaged in a delicate management of heritage evolution from the imperial past to the multicultural present, involving adjustment and diversification of heritage meanings in which the indigenous peoples and Canada's wartime/military history figure prominently. Malta's time-depth generates an embarrassment of heritage resources, necessitating choices as it moves from 'blue' seacoast to 'grey' heritage tourism; while earlier eras are favoured, the British imperial and military heritage is inescapable, especially the heroic shared defence of 1940-3, generating management issues over recency, postcoloniality, the naval legacy and the problem of marketing to the former enemy populations. Questions of whose heritage, using which resources of what period, for whose benefit and how managed, elicit a different range of answers in the two cases: British colonial heritage is too diverse to be value-generalised, and there is no single, immutable colonial template for postcolonial identity. However, the particular legacy of the Empire at war is notably formative in the evolution of succeeding national identities.
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Otrusinová, Milana y Eva Hýblová. "International harmonization of accounting demands a new approach to accounting education". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, n.º 2 (2013): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361020427.
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Accounting and financial reporting are valuable sources of information about the financial position and performance of a company. The development of the international capital market have brought needs for international, globally valid and acknowledged accounting norms. Currently, the IFRS are used in agreement with the European Commission directive for the elaboration of financial statements of companies which are issued by securities; the other entities continue using national generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). As the number of companies which apply the GAAP is predominant, the basis of the education of future accounting professionals is formed. However, this situation has to be changed because of the potential expansion of harmonization into a further group of companies (small and medium sized entities) and also because of the increasing international cooperation among companies. Accountants should gain knowledge about all concepts of accounting – specialization narrowed down to national GAAP is limiting, as has been confirmed by recruitment agencies. The aim of the paper is to analyse the needs of accounting education in the current situation in compliance with the development trends of this field.
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Kulicki, Jacek, Zofia Szpringer y Marek Jaśkowski. "Ocena zmienionego wniosku dotyczącego decyzji Rady w sprawie systemu zasobów własnych Unii Europejskiej". Zeszyty Prawnicze Biura Analiz Sejmowych 4, n.º 68 (2020): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/zpbas.2020.79.
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The purpose of the proposed decision is to raise the limit of the annual own resources in relation to the national income (GNI) of the EU Member States and to empower the Commission to borrow up to EUR 750 billion at 2018 prices on the capital markets on behalf of the EU. These borrowed funds would be dedicated solely to combating the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the authors of the opinion, the proposal is valid and rational from the perspective of protection and development of the internal market as an important Community element and does not raise doubts as to its compliance with the principle of subsidiarity. Its compatibility with Article 310 TFEU may however be disputed.
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Lee, Christopher. "Literary Adaptation and Market Value: Encounters with the Public in the Early Career of Roger McDonald". Queensland Review 21, n.º 1 (8 de mayo de 2014): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2014.6.
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In The world republic of letters, Pascale Casanova suggests that an intimate relation between politics and literature is a feature of postcolonial nations because the relative lack of literary capital on the margins prevents the autonomy that is available to writers in the great national literary spaces such as France, England and the United States. The pressing imperatives of post-colonial responsibility certainly pose a particular challenge for contemporary Australian novelists aspiring not just to local distinction, but also access to international markets and a wider reputation in the world republic of letters. In Australia, the writer's aspiration to a wider market share and greater cultural capital has often been construed as a forlorn search for a reliable readership. An established following provides a foundation for the development of a consistent artistic oeuvre, which is in turn able to support the critical topoi of canonisation: promise, originality, development and genius.
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Heyes, Nicholas y Robbert de Weijer. "Northern Australia oil and gas: a new engine for Australia's prosperity?" APPEA Journal 55, n.º 2 (2015): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14040.
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The region of Australia comprising the area of the NT and northwest Queensland has significant conventional and shale resources that can see it emerge as the next major global oil and gas hub. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), in the Asia-Pacific region, the natural gas production-consumption shortfall is expected to grow from 99.8 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) in 2012 to 251.7 mtpa in 2025 (IEA, 2014). Australia is well-positioned to cater to this growing demand, and is set to become the world’s largest LNG exporter by 2020. The northern Australia region can help to meet this growing global demand and also serve domestic east coast demand. Development of these resources would significantly accelerate the regional and national economy, but success will depend on doing it at a cost that is competitive with new sources of hydrocarbons from around the world. This extended abstract outlines the natural advantages and challenges being faced by operators seeking to develop this region of northern Australia. Drawing on insights from global experiences, it identifies the key success factors and challenges faced in different regions during their development and commercialisation. It provides guidance and recommendations for maximising the development potential in northern Australia including: new ways of working; industry collaboration including sharing of infrastructure and data; service provider development; commercial partnerships; better access to capital; and, government support in tenure reform, incentives, tax benefits, capability development and investments in infrastructure.
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Crosby, Andrew. "(Re)mapping Akikodjiwan: Spatial Logics of Dispossession in the Settler-Colonial City". Urban History Review 49, n.º 1 (22 de septiembre de 2021): 84–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/uhr-2020-0007.
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This article examines the socio-spatial reproduction of settler-colonial urbanism at a contested site of urban development in Canada’s capital city. Akikodjiwan is an Algonquin sacred site on the Ottawa River (Kichi Sibi) and the location of a large-scale private real estate development project. Using the Access to Information Act, this article demonstrates how the Canadian government—led by the National Capital Commission—orchestrated a land transfer to the developers amid long-standing calls by the Algonquins to have the land returned. This article contributes to understandings of the positioning of the settler city at the center of the spatial logic of coloniality in Canada, as a site of the deployment of socio-spatial strategies of settler-colonial governance and property relations, but also as a site of Indigenous resistance. Transpiring in a purported climate of reconciliation, the remapping of Akikodjiwan demonstrates the ongoing spatial implications and role of place making in settler-colonial city making, where racialized logics and regimes of private property are mobilized in an attempt to dispossess and exclude Indigenous peoples from their lands, alongside the simultaneous transfer of thousands of settlers onto an Algonquin sacred site.
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MacGinley, James y Brad Calleja. "Financing alternatives in a changing gas landscape". APPEA Journal 54, n.º 2 (2014): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13089.
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In recent years, Australia has gone through an unprecedented expansion in its oil and gas industry. The demand for capital has been enormous and has resulted in some of the largest project debt financings globally. In the coming years, the funding requirement will change dramatically as projects reach completion; become cash-flow positive; and, owners changing their funding structure from project finance debt to lower cost, lower covenant corporate debt. The development of a number of Australia’s largest oil and gas projects during the past five years coincided with a tightening of capital from the traditional project finance market. This lead to the emergence of export credit agency financing as an integral component of project development. During the past year, however, re-capitalisation of global banks are now re-entering the Australian market and are driving competition and increasing liquidity. This extended abstract covers a review of the funding approaches taken on major Australian LNG projects, including lessons from the funding of CSG projects that may be relevant to other new development markets such as shale gas. It also draws on historical lessons of funding new technologies and provide insight about funding of the next wave of LNG development: floating LNG. The National Australia Bank is one of the largest resources project finance banks globally and is well positioned to provide APPEA’s delegates with relevant insight about the future of debt funding in the oil and gas industry.
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Goldstein, Barry, Anthony Hill, Michael Malavazos, Sandra Menpes, Alexandra Wickham, Michael Jarosz, Dominic Pepicelli et al. "A roadmap for community and investor satisfaction from unconventional gas development". APPEA Journal 53, n.º 2 (2013): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12048.
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If a fraction of the national potential to produce unconventional gas is realised, then Australia will benefit: security of domestic and export gas supplies for decades to come; supply-side competition for decades to come; improved balance of trade and transport fuel security as Australia's supplants imports with gas-based transport fuel; billions of dollars invested in environmentally sustainable projects; thousands of jobs; considerable royalties and tax for revenues public good; and, world-class intellectual property that can be converted into export services and equipment. Given these drivers, the SA State Government convened a Roundtable for Unconventional Gas Projects in October 2010. Participating in this roundtable are a total of 260 organisations plus individuals, including: peak representative bodies focused on economic, social, and natural environment outcomes; and, companies, universities, and key agencies from all state, NT, and commonwealth governments. This roundtable informed a Roadmap for Unconventional Gas Projects in South Australia that was published in December 2012. The objectives of this roadmap are to credibly inform industry strategies, government policies, and public perceptions. In particular, this roadmap explains how people and enterprises potentially affected by unconventional gas operations are given information and time to draw considered views so their rights to object in part or full to activity—and location-specific land access—are supported. This will facilitate the efficient, profitable, and welcomed deployment of capital, technologies, and infrastructure for the commercialisation of unconventional gas. This extended abstract details the findings of this roadmap.
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Franklin, Adrian. "Human-Nonhuman Animal Relationships in Australia: An Overview of Results from the First National Survey and Follow-up Case Studies 2000-2004". Society & Animals 15, n.º 1 (2007): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853007x169315.
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AbstractThis paper provides an overview of results from an Australian Research Council-funded project "Sentiments and Risks: The Changing Nature of Human-Animal Relations in Australia." The data discussed come from a survey of 2000 representative Australians at the capital city, state, and rural regional level. It provides both a snapshot of the state of involvement of Australians with nonhuman animals and their views on critical issues: ethics, rights, animals as food, risk from animals, native versus introduced animals, hunting, fishing, and companionate relations with animals. Its data point to key trends and change. The changing position of animals in Australian society is critical to understand, given its historic export markets in meat and livestock, emerging tourism industry with its strong wildlife focus, native animals' place in discourses of nation, and the centrality of animal foods in the national diet. New anxieties about risk from animal-sourced foods and the endangerment of native animals from development and introduced species, together with tensions between animals' rights and the privileging of native species, contribute to the growth of a strongly contested animal politics in Australia.
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Tundo, Pietro, Paul Anastas, David StC Black, Joseph Breen, Terrence J. Collins, Sofia Memoli, Junshi Miyamoto, Martyn Polyakoff y William Tumas. "Synthetic pathways and processes in green chemistry. Introductory overview". Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, n.º 7 (1 de enero de 2000): 1207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072071207.
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ContentsGreen Chemistry in the International ContextThe Concept of green ChemistryDefinition of green chemistry | Green chemistry: Why now? | The historical context of green chemistry | The emergence of green chemistryThe Content of Green ChemistryAreas of green chemistry | Preliminary remarks | Alternative feedstocks | Benign reagents/synthetic pathways | Synthetic transformations | Solvents/reaction conditionsGreen Chemistry in the International ContextIt has come to be recognized in recent years, that the science of chemistry is central to addressing the problems facing the environment. Through the utilization of the various subdisciplines of chemistry and the molecular sciences, there is an increasing appreciation that the emerging area of green chemistry1is needed in the design and attainment of sustainable development. A central driving force in this increasing awareness is that green chemistry accomplishes both economic and environmental goals simultaneously through the use of sound, fundamental scientific principles. Recently, a basic strategy has been proposed for implementing the relationships between industry and academia, and hence, funding of the research that constitutes the engine of economic advancement; it is what many schools of economics call the "triple bottom line" philosophy, meaning that an enterprise will be economically sustainable if the objectives of environmental protection, societal benefit, and market advantage are all satisfied2. Triple bottom line is a strong idea for evaluating the success of environmental technologies. It is clear that the best environmentally friendly technology or discovery will not impact on the market if it is not economically advantageous; in the same way, the market that ignores environmental needs and human involvement will not prosper. This is the challenge for the future of the chemical industry, its development being strongly linked to the extent to which environmental and human needs can be reconciled with new ideas in fundamental research. On the other hand, it should be easy to foresee that the success of environmentally friendly reactions, products, and processes will improve competitiveness within the chemical industry. If companies are able to meet the needs of society, people will influence their own governments to foster those industries attempting such environmental initiatives. Of course, fundamental research will play a central role in achieving these worthy objectives. What we call green chemistry may in fact embody some of the most advanced perspectives and opportunities in chemical sciences.It is for these reasons that the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has a central role to play in advancing and promoting the continuing emergence and impact of green chemistry. When we think about how IUPAC furthers chemistry throughout the world, it is useful to refer to IUPAC's Strategic Plan. This plan demonstrates the direct relevance of the mission of IUPAC to green chemistry, and explains why there is growing enthusiasm for the pursuit of this new area as an appropriate activity of a scientific Union. The IUPAC Strategic Plan outlines among other goals:IUPAC will serve as a scientific, international, nongovernmental body in objectively addressing global issues involving the chemical sciences. Where appropriate, IUPAC will represent the interests of chemistry in governmental and nongovernmental forums.IUPAC will provide tools (e.g., standardized nomenclature and methods) and forums to help advance international research in the chemical sciences.IUPAC will assist chemistry-related industry in its contributions to sustainable development, wealth creation, and improvement in the quality of life.IUPAC will facilitate the development of effective channels of communication in the international chemistry community.IUPAC will promote the service of chemistry to society in both developed and developing countries.IUPAC will utilize its global perspective to contribute toward the enhancement of education in chemistry and to advance the public understanding of chemistry and the scientific method.IUPAC will make special efforts to encourage the career development of young chemists.IUPAC will broaden the geographical base of the Union and ensure that its human capital is drawn from all segments of the world chemistry community.IUPAC will encourage worldwide dissemination of information about the activities of the Union.IUPAC will assure sound management of its resources to provide maximum value for the funds invested in the Union.Through the vehicle of green chemistry, IUPAC can engage and is engaging the international community in issues of global importance to the environment and to industry, through education of young and established scientists, the provision of technical tools, governmental engagement, communication to the public and scientific communities, and the pursuit of sustainable development. By virtue of its status as a leading and internationally representative scientific body, IUPAC is able to collaborate closely in furthering individual national efforts as well as those of multinational entities.An important example of such collaboration in the area of green chemistry is that of IUPAC with the Organization for the Economical Cooperation and Development (OECD) in the project on "Sustainable Chemistry", aimed at promoting increased awareness of the subject in the member countries. During a meeting of the Environment Directorate (Paris, 6 June 1999), it was proposed that United States and Italy co-lead the activity, and that implementation of five recommendations to the member countries be accorded the highest priority, namely:research and developmentawards and recognition for work on sustainable chemistryexchange of technical information related to sustainable chemistryguidance on activities and tools to support sustainable chemistry programssustainable chemistry educationThese recommendations were perceived to have socio-economic implications for worldwide implementation of sustainable chemistry. How IUPAC and, in particular, its Divisions can contribute to this effort is under discussion. IUPAC is recognized for its ability to act as the scientific counterpart to OECD for all recommendations and activities. Although the initiatives being developed by the OECD are aimed primarily at determining the role that national institutions can play in facilitating the implementation and impact of green chemistry, it is recognized that each of these initiatives also has an important scientific component. Whether it is developing criteria or providing technical assessment for awards and recognition, identifying appropriate scientific areas for educational incorporation, or providing scientific insight into the areas of need for fundamental research and development, IUPAC can play and is beginning to play an important role as an international scientific authority on green chemistry.Other multinational organizations including, among others, the United Nations, the European Union, and the Asian Pacific Economic Community, are now beginning to assess the role that they can play in promoting the implementation of green chemistry to meet environmental and economic goals simultaneously. As an alternative to the traditional regulatory framework often implemented as a unilateral strategy, multinational governmental organizations are discovering that green chemistry as a nonregulatory, science-based approach, provides opportunities for innovation and economic development that are compatible with sustainable development. In addition, individual nations have been extremely active in green chemistry and provide plentiful examples of the successful utilization of green chemistry technologies. There are rapidly growing activities in government, industry, and academia in the United States, Italy, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Spain, Germany, Japan, China, and many other countries in Europe and Asia, that testify to the importance of green chemistry to the future of the central science of chemistry around the world.Organizations and Commissions currently involved in programs in green chemistry at the national or international level include, for example:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), with the "Green Chemistry Program" which involves, among others, the National Science Foundation, the American Chemical Society, and the Green Chemistry Institute;European Directorate for R&D (DG Research), which included the goals of sustainable chemistry in the actions and research of the European Fifth Framework Programme;Interuniversity Consortium "Chemistry for the Environment", which groups about 30 Italian universities interested in environmentally benign chemistry and funds their research groups;UK Royal Society of Chemistry, which promotes the concept of green chemistry through a "UK Green Chemistry Network" and the scientific journal Green Chemistry;UNIDO-ICS (International Centre for Science and High Technology of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization) which is developing a global program on sustainable chemistry focusing on catalysis and cleaner technologies with particular attention to developing and emerging countries (the program is also connected with UNIDO network of centers for cleaner production); andMonash University, which is the first organization in Australia to undertake a green chemistry program.Footnotes:1. The terminology "green chemistry" or "sustainable chemistry" is the subject of debate. The expressions are intended to convey the same or very similar meanings, but each has its supporters and detractors, since "green" is vividly evocative but may assume an unintended political connotation, whereas "sustainable" can be paraphrased as "chemistry for a sustainable environment", and may be perceived as a less focused and less incisive description of the discipline. Other terms have been proposed, such as "chemistry for the environment" but this juxtaposition of keywords already embraces many diversified fields involving the environment, and does not capture the economic and social implications of sustainability. The Working Party decided to adopt the term green chemistry for the purpose of this overview. This decision does not imply official IUPAC endorsement for the choice. In fact, the IUPAC Committee on Chemistry and Industry (COCI) favors, and will continue to use sustainable chemistry to describe the discipline.2. J. Elkington, < http://www.sustainability.co.uk/sustainability.htm
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K., Ukwayi, J. y Okpa, J. T. "The Effect of Electoral and Economic Crimes on Sustainable Development in Cross River State, Nigeria". International Journal of Social Science Research 5, n.º 2 (10 de agosto de 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v5i2.11693.
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The survey examined the effect of electoral and economic crimes on sustainable development in Cross River State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study accessed the effect of election rigging and misappropriation of public funds on sustainable development in Cross River State. Two research questions were stated to guide the study. The study adopted the system theory. Survey research design was adopted in this study. An 18-item questionnaire captioned “Questionnaire on electoral, economic crimes and sustainable development” (QEESD) was designed by the researcher and used in gathering data for the study. Data were elicited from 384 respondents who were purposively selected from six (6) local government areas in the three Senatorial District of Cross River State. The respondents were selected from political parties, Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) offices, religious groups, and the public. The generated data were presented using simple percentage, and chart. Findings revealed that election rigging and misappropriation of public funds affects sustainable development in Cross River state, Nigeria. The study recommended among others that political office holders should judiciously utilize public funds for programmes and projects that would positively affect the well-being of the citizens. In addition, rigging of election should be made a capital offence that should attract severe punishment like life imprisonment or death sentence.
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Guo, Yubo, Igor Martek y Chuan Chen. "Policy Evolution in the Chinese PPP Market: The Shifting Strategies of Governmental Support Measures". Sustainability 11, n.º 18 (6 de septiembre de 2019): 4872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184872.
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Much attention has been paid world-wide to the advancement of policy with regard to public–private partnerships (PPPs). Though PPPs continue to play a major role in the development of China’s national economy, capital projects and infrastructure upgrade, little work has been done to understand the evolution of Chinese governmental policy with regard to PPPs. This paper addresses this lack and sets out the trajectory of Chinese PPP policy maturation over the period of 1986 to 2018. Policy documents were retrieved from official government websites, such as the Ministry of Finance and National Development and Reform Commission, with some 205 policy statements deemed relevant to PPPs. These were then classified by type and submitted to regression analysis. Five major instruments in support of PPPs were identified, including fiscal, financial, taxation, land and operations support. Moreover, four historical policy phases can be identified in the Chinese PPP market, including ‘try’, ‘explore’, ‘expand’ and ‘consolidate’. While governmental policy may now be considered sophisticated, deficiencies remain, including insufficient policy coordination between departments, lack of financial incentives and poor transparency and disclosure supervision. These observations will inform policy makers as they look to continue advancement of PPP policy measures, and help practitioners in assessing the pitfalls of operating in the Chinese PPP market.
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Fleay, Jesse John y Barry Judd. "The Uluru statement". International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 12, n.º 1 (24 de enero de 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v12i1.532.
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From every State and Territory of Australia, including the islands of the Torres Strait over 200 delegates gathered at the 2017 First Nations National Constitutional Convention in Uluru, which has stood on Anangu Pitjantjatjara country in the Northern Territory since time immemorial, to discuss the issue of constitutional recognition. Delegates agreed that tokenistic recognition would not be enough, and that recognition bearing legal substance must stand, with the possibility to make multiple treaties between Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders and the Commonwealth Government of Australia. In this paper, we look at the roadmap beyond such a potential change. We make the case for a redistributive approach to capital, and propose key outcomes for social reconstruction, should a voice to parliament, a Makarrata[1] Commission and multiple treaties be enabled through a successful referendum. We conclude that an alteration of the Commonwealth Constitution (Cth) is the preliminary overture of a suite of changes: the constitutional change itself is not the end of the road, but simply the beginning of years of legal change, which seeks provide a socio-economic future for Australia’s First Peoples, and the oldest continuing cultures in the world. Constitutional change seeks to transform the discourse about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander relations with the Australian state from one centred on distributive justice to one that is primarily informed by retributive justice. This paper concerns the future generations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, and their right to labour in a market that honours their cultural contributions to humanity at large.
[1] Yolŋu ceremony for coming together after a struggle.
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Kubiak, Adam. "Waiting for the US Grand Strategy on China. A Summary of Findings and Recommendations of the US-China Security Review Commission in 2002–2018." Kwartalnik "Bellona" 696, n.º 1 (4 de marzo de 2019): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2468.
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The article is a summary of works of almost two decades of the US-China Security Review Commission. As the US Congress notices the challenges posed by China to a wide spectrum of US interests and orders the US President to develop a comprehensive strategy on China, author highlights that such an awareness was already present among US officials much earlier. Article focuses on three key areas, i.e.: geostrategic posture, military posture and technological development, anticipating, that most of the problem defined by the Commission in these areas have not been eliminated and are most likely to be observed by the creator of the upcoming strategy. Author argues that China has a significant advantage over US, resulting from two major factors. First, its the inflow of capital followed by inflow of US technologies to Chinese industries and businesses. Second, it’s the centrally planned and governed Chinese system that allows CCP to steer the economy and society with higher predictability, as opposed to freedom-based economy on the US side, which is independent of the Congressional/ Administrational guidance.<br/>The article’s overall goal is to allow readers a better insight into the Presidential Strategy on China, which is to be published 180 days from the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2019.
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Lunney, D., B. Law y P. Baverstock. "Towards a national bat research strategy for Australia: pointers arising from a survey of participants at the Sixth Australian Bat Conference in January 1994". Pacific Conservation Biology 2, n.º 3 (1995): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc960206.
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A questionnaire distributed to the participants of the Sixth Australian Bat Conference in January 1994 sought views about priorities for Australian bat research. The results demonstrate that there is a primary requirement for the funding of broad-based fundamental research and many of the research projects proposed by the participants are listed here. Bat research was considered to be hindered by lack of funding, cost of capital equipment and inaccessible research results buried in unpublished studies. Species of the genera Pteropus and Nyctophilus and cave-dwellers were thought to be good potential subjects for research, but there was little support for research and development of an industry based on commercial utilization of flying foxes. Most importantly, the results reveal the concern of bat specialists that bat conservation in Australia be based on a thorough understanding of bat biology.
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Khan, Shahbaz. "Managing climate risks in Australia: options for water policy and irrigation management". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, n.º 3 (2008): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06090.
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Australia, a country which suffers from recurrent droughts, is currently experiencing a shift in climate. It is often classified as the driest inhabited continent due to the extremely low annual average rainfall (465 mm) and associated low annual average runoff (57 mm). This has required a regular revision of Australia’s water policy to align with the needs of its society. Several changes in water policy have been formulated in recent times with the objective of striking a balance between the consumptive and environmental components of flows in Australian catchments. Some of the developments that affect irrigated agriculture include: (i) the Council of Australian Government’s water reforms; (ii) the Murray–Darling Basin Commission cap (the volume of water that could be diverted under 1993–94 levels of development); (iii) environmental flow rules; and (iv) the National Water Initiative. At a strategic level global climate change threatens the viability of irrigated agriculture and other industries. Under the present water reforms, longer-term water security is not guaranteed because these reforms do not explicitly take into account threats to water quantity and quality due to enhanced climate variability and change. At an operational level, current water allocation systems do not take into account state-of-the-art climate forecasting methods. Therefore, it is often not until after the irrigation season is well underway that irrigators have a reasonable knowledge of how much water will be available. Thus, there is considerable risk associated with planting and crop establishment decisions, resulting in a need for climate forecasting tools aimed at risk management. There is also a need for Australian water legislation and policy to be revisited to incorporate climate change and adaptive management options.
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Beer, Chris. "The spatial accommodation practice of the bureaucracy of the Commonwealth of Australia and the production of Canberra as national capital space: A dialectical and prosaic history". Political Geography 27, n.º 1 (enero de 2008): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.011.
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Berry, Lynne. "An age of opportunity for the voluntary sector". Quality in Ageing and Older Adults 16, n.º 1 (9 de marzo de 2015): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qaoa-11-2014-0038.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to put the issue of ageing on the agenda of the English voluntary sector; to support the development of strategies about resourcing, supporting, governing and making relevant the voluntary sector for the next 20 years. Design/methodology/approach – An independent Commission hosted by New Philanthropy Capital and the International Longevity Centre, funded by the Big Lottery and the Prudential Methodology: issuing a discussion paper, created by the Commissioners and based on futures work and an evidence review; holding national and international seminars and conferences. Findings – Our ageing society has the potential to lead the voluntary sector into a viable future by building bridges between generations and communities, by expanding the resources available to it through rethinking its workforce, both paid and unpaid, by inspiring and delivering a more integrated and committed sense of social obligations and mutuality – if it embraces “The Age of Opportunity”. Research limitations/implications – This is a policy and practice led review with implications for the UK voluntary sector, its role in society and its resourcing. Practical implications – The Commission on the Voluntary Sector & Ageing takes as its basic premise that if we can grasp the potential, we can invest the skills and resources available to us to create a thriving, relevant and creative place for the voluntary sector and civil society. The Commission is setting a challenge to charities and social enterprises. The authors want them to rethink their work so that they can help make Britain a great place to grow old and one that encourages reciprocity between generations and over a lifetime. Social implications – A more integrated and mutually empowering society that builds on an asset-based model of ageing. Originality/value – The work of the Commission has never been done before and has been seen as creating an opportunity for rethinking the role, purpose and potential of the voluntary sector.