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Ai, Amy L., La Tonya Noël, Hoa B. Appel, Bu Huang y William E. Hefley. "Overall Health and Health Care Utilization Among Latino American Men in the United States". American Journal of Men's Health 7, n.º 1 (5 de septiembre de 2012): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988312452752.
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Although the Latino American male population is increasing, the subgroup Latino men’s health remains underinvestigated. This study examined the overall pattern of Latino male health and health care utilization in major subgroups, using a nationally representative sample ( N = 1,127) from the National Latino and Asian American Study. The authors evaluated rates of chronic, behavioral, and mental health service utilization in this first nationally representative survey. The results identified significant cross-subgroup differences in most physical and chronic conditions with Puerto Rican American men having high rates in 8 of 15 physical ailments, including life-altering conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. Despite differences in racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and cultural factors, Cuban American men shared similar rates of heart diseases and cancer with Puerto Rican American men. In addition, Puerto Rican American men had higher rates of substance abuse than other Latinos. For health providers, the authors’ findings encourage awareness of subgroup differences regarding overall health issues of Latino American men to provide culturally appropriate care.
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MacKay, Mithriel M. y Cathy E. Bacon. "Rare and antagonistic interactions between short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus and fasting humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) off Western Puerto Rico". Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 14, n.º 1 (29 de septiembre de 2019): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/00252.
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Martinez-San Miguel, Y. "Family Matters: Puerto Rican Women Authors on the Island and the Mainland". Contemporary Women's Writing 8, n.º 2 (6 de febrero de 2014): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cww/vpt015.
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García, Ivis y Mérida M. Rúa. "‘Our interests matter’: Puerto Rican older adults in the age of gentrification". Urban Studies 55, n.º 14 (22 de noviembre de 2017): 3168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017736251.
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Gentrification scholarship often focuses on the vulnerability of long-term residents in general (for example homeowners, renters, and low-income older adults) to displacement, though not necessarily with focal attention to how this process specifically affects low-income minority older adults. Using ethnographic data, the authors prioritise and examine the experiences of aging low-income Puerto Ricans who, by way of senior-designated affordable housing, remain in some of Chicago’s most rapidly gentrifying communities. Interviews, focus groups, and participant observations are supplemented with data from the US Census from 1970 to 2010 in order to document some of the demographic changes that have been taking place in what were once majority Puerto Rican neighbourhoods. We find that while low-income older Latina and Latino residents are able to stay in a gentrifying neighbourhood, surrounded by new amenities, they still find limited spaces where they feel welcomed, resulting in indirect displacement. We argue that considerations of aging in place should not only include affordable housing, but should also include an accessible neighbourhood in terms of mixed-uses that support the wants and needs of low-income and minority older adults.
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De Aragón, Julia. "Boricua Cultural Nationalism and Community Development Through The Young Lords Organization". Iris Journal of Scholarship 1 (12 de mayo de 2019): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15695/iris.v1i0.4660.
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This paper pulls from historical accounts of the activities of the Young Lords Organization and draws connections to theories on nationalism, community, and Black Radicalism in the 20th century. Addressing the development, triumphs, and limitations of the Young Lords Organization (also known in New York City as the Young Lords Party) in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the authors examines the assumptions that lead to the rise of the Young Lords, and the political environment that resisted their agenda. As Puerto Ricans living on the mainland, the Young Lords held a unique position as a colonized multiracial people, despite borrowing ideologically from the Black Panthers and contributing as members of the Rainbow Coalition. The author discusses the radical and nationalist social movement discourse the Young Lords engaged with, which was accessible to many disenfranchised groups but uniquely targeted for the Puerto Rican experience. Lastly, the authors explores how the Young Lords implemented community development techniques in order to navigate the political and social climate of the United States in the sixties and seventies, and the conditions that would need to exist today in order for their programs to succeed in our modern world.
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Rivera, Carmen. "Family Matters: Puerto Rican Women Authors on the Island and the Mainland by Marisel C. Moreno". MFS Modern Fiction Studies 61, n.º 3 (2015): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.2015.0038.
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Lugo-Lugo, Carmen R. "Family Matters: Puerto Rican Women Authors on the Island and the Mainland by Marisel C. Moreno". Revista de Estudios Hispánicos 49, n.º 2 (2015): 396–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rvs.2015.0041.
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Altieri, Pablo I., Kiara Didriksen, Pablo Altieri, Hector L. Banchs y Nelson Escobales. "4155 THE ROLE OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN A HISPANIC POPULATION". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (junio de 2020): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.152.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The purpose of this report is to describe the role of Periodontal Disease (PD) in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in a Hispanic country. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Literature and Puerto Rican experience was reviewed and will be discussed. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: PD produces inflammatory disease by bacterial infection in the gingiva. This factor PD activates an inflammatory process affecting the CAD cascade inducing myocites, endothelial cells activation and cytokines. The incidence of gingival disease in the Puerto Rican population (P) is around 50%; of this group 80% will develop periodontal disease. Including this factor and diabetes mellitus Type 2, still the incidence of CAD is 20-30% less than the U.S.A. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT : CAD is a systemic disease related to genetic factors and inflammation. PD is related to an inflammatory process, which will activate the CAD process, producing tissue infarcts. The daily use of resolving or liquid Omega 3 in the gingival tissue is useful in the prevention of gingival and periodontal disease. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: All authors have no relationship with any industry or financial associations in connection with the submitted abstract.
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Ye, Xingwang, Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju y Katherine L. Tucker. "Variety in fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Puerto Rican adults". British Journal of Nutrition 109, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2012): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512001183.
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Higher variety in fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with a lower risk of several chronic diseases. It remains unclear whether such associations exist relating to cognition. The authors examined associations between total quantity and variety in fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive function in a cross-sectional sample of 1412 Puerto Rican adults, aged 45–75 years from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, 2004–9. Fruit and vegetable intake was assessed with a FFQ. Cognitive function was measured with a battery of seven tests; the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administrated to assess global cognitive function. Greater variety, but not total quantity, of fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a higher MMSE score after multivariate adjustment (P for trend = 0·012). This association remained significant after further adjusting for total quantity of fruit and vegetable intake (P for trend = 0·018). High variety of fruit and vegetable intake was also associated with individual cognitive domains, including executive function, memory and attention (all P for trend < 0·05). Variety, more than total quantity, of fruit and vegetable intake may offer cognitive protection in middle-aged and older adults, but longitudinal studies are needed to clarify direction of causality.
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Laguna, Asela R. "Book Review: Family Matters: Puerto Rican Women Authors on the Island and the Mainland, written by Marisel C. Moreno". New West Indian Guide 89, n.º 1-2 (2015): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-08901032.
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Amaro-Rivera, Kiara y Elena Carbone. "Determinants of Fast Food Consumption Among Puerto Rican Adults Living in a Rural Community". Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29 de mayo de 2020): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_003.
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Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the association between fast food consumption, sociodemographic and health-related variables among adults living in a small rural community in Puerto Rico. Methods This study was cross-sectional. A researcher-designed questionnaire was distributed to every household in the community. A multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between fast food consumption (<1 or ≥1 time/week), and the following independent variables: age; gender; education; poverty level estimate; employment status; weight status; self-rated health; self-perceived diet quality; self-perceived weight status; currently trying to lose weight; fruit, non-starchy vegetables, starchy vegetables, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) intake; physical activity; and recreational screen time. Results A total of 195 adults aged ≥18 years participated in this study. Of these, 53.1% were female, 53.1% completed more than high school, 45.4% were employed, 28.7% were overweight and 32.3% were obese. Over one-third (34.9%) of participants reported consuming fast food ≥1 time/week. Eating fast food ≥1 time/week was associated with ages 35–49 years (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.16–0.94) and ≥50 years (OR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03–0.32) as compared to being 18–34 years old; being unemployed/homemaker/disabled (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08–0.73) as compared to being employed; being obese (OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.02–9.85) as compared to being under/normal weight; currently trying to lose weight (OR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.31–6.88) as compared to those not trying to lose weight; eating fewer than 1 cup of non-starchy vegetables daily (OR = 0.39 95% CI: 0.16–0.93) as compared to those who eat ≥1cup daily; and drinking SSB ≥1 times daily (OR = 3.80 95% CI: 1.50–9.60) as compared to those who drink SSB less than once daily in the adjusted model. Conclusions Fast food consumption was associated with older age, employment, obesity, trying to lose weight, and intake of non-starchy vegetables and SSB in our sample. Future research should examine the relationship between fast food consumption and diet quality among those living in rural communities, as previous research has shown that Puerto Ricans living in urban areas are undergoing a nutrition transition to lower quality diets. Funding Sources The authors received no financial support for this research.
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England, Nora C. "Joshua A. Fishman (ed.), Can threatened languages be saved? Reversing language shift, revisited: A 21st century perspective. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 2001. Pp. xvi, 503. Pb $24.95." Language in Society 32, n.º 1 (24 de diciembre de 2002): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404503221059.
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This volume revisits, as its title states, the theory and practice of reversing language shift (RLS) first proposed by Fishman in 1991. A dozen of the original case studies are reanalyzed and several more are added, producing a rich source of detail on some of the specific situations of language shift and efforts to reverse it. Fishman contributes introductory and concluding chapters as well as one of the case studies (Yiddish); other authors cover Navajo, New York Puerto Rican Spanish, Québec French, Otomí, Quechua, Irish, Frisian, Basque, Catalán, Oko, Andamanese, Ainu, Hebrew, immigrant languages in Australia, indigenous languages in Australia, and Maori. The resulting book provides a wealth of information about language shift and public policy directed toward RLS, but its aims are broader than that.
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Quiñones-Arocho, María Isabel. "Caribbean women: changes in the works". New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 66, n.º 1-2 (1 de enero de 1992): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002007.
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[First paragraph]The women of Azua: work and family in the rural Dominican Republic, by BARBARA FINLAY. New York: Praeger, 1989. xi + 190 pp. (Cloth US$ 35.00)The psychosocial development of Puerto Rican women, edited by CYNTHIA T. GARCIA COLL & MARIA DE LOURDES MATTEI. New York: Praeger, 1989. xiii + 272 pp. (Cloth US$ 45.00)Women and the sexual division oflabour in the Caribbean, edited by KEITH HART. Mona, Jamaica: Consortium Graduate School of Social Sciences, UWI, 1989. 141 pp. (Paper n.p.)The three books under review work have a common theme: the impact of changing gender expectations on Caribbean women. The authors are mainly concerned with recent political and economie changes that might have contributed to either the improvement or deterioration of women's status in these societies. The questions raised by the contributors are strikingly similar: What has been the impact of dependent economie development on women's lives and has this resulted in increased labor participation (a problem explored for rural Dominican women as well as for Jamaican and Barbadian women) or in the migration to metropolitan centers, with its psychosocial consequences (an issue raised for Puerto Rican women living in the United States)? If patriarchal values (often referred to as traditional values) prevail in these societies, then what impact might wage work, migration, or improved education have on those values? Could it be the disintegration of the nuclear family with an increased proportion of female-headed households (Hart), higher rates of mental illness as a result of dysfunctional aceulturation (Garcia Coll and Mattei), or even an improvement of women's status within their families and communities (Finlay)?
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Vázquez, David J. "Mapping Decolonial Environmental Imaginaries in Latinx Culture". American Literary History 33, n.º 3 (3 de agosto de 2021): 657–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajab054.
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Abstract Mapping Decolonial Environmental Imaginaries in Latinx Culture addresses a growing dialogue between antiracist environmental humanities and Latinx studies scholars that emphasizes how Latinx creativity expresses decolonial environmental values. Even as we face a racial crisis in the US, there is a looming, similarly daunting challenge in environmental change. Locating forms of progressive environmental ideas that think simultaneously about race and racialization is crucial if we are to meet these twin challenges. This essay introduces a mode of comparative analysis that places multiple genres and forms (novels, films, visual art, and short stories) created by authors from multiple Latinx communities (Chicanx, Puerto Rican, Peruvian, and Central American) into conversation. This comparative approach provides a more nuanced account of how Latinxs from multiple racial, class, gender, sexual, and other identity positions think about and represent environmental ideas. As the legatees of colonialism and racism, Latinx artists have much to say about combatting, circumventing, and, at times, proposing remedies for oppression and environmental harm as complex, interrelated phenomena. These authors and artists comprehend racial capitalism as directly causing environmental crises that perform in concert with racism and colonialism.
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Wilkinson, Deanna L., Amanda Magora, Marie Garcia y Atika Khurana. "Fathering at the Margins of Society". Journal of Family Issues 30, n.º 7 (17 de marzo de 2009): 945–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x09332354.
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This study aims to broaden researchers' understanding of fatherhood by focusing on an understudied population of young, urban, minority, crime-involved fathers. Using 115 qualitative life history interviews, the authors examine fatherhood expectations, role participation, and ideals. Study fathers described very similar ideals for being fathers (e.g., providing financial resources, caring, basic needs, spending time together, and being a role model) as have been reported by less disadvantaged men. Aspects of the father's life-course trajectory and ecological niche were important for understanding individual differences in fathering behaviors. Consistent with life-course principles, those fathers with fewer developmental assets were more likely to be uninvolved. Specifically, we found that being young, Puerto Rican, detached from the child's mother, low in human capital, and involved in crime were associated with being absent. The findings suggest that young fathers experiencing cumulative disadvantage face multiple challenges that inhibit their ability to reach their fatherhood expectations.
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Vraukó, Tamás. "Code switching and the so-called “assimilation narrative”". Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 4 (30 de diciembre de 2018): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.5673.
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In literary theory, the works of (ethnic) minority authors–and similarly, the works of authors dealing with minorities–are often referred to as “assimilation narrative.” This term tends to suggest that minority authors, who write in the language of their country, seek a place in society through assimilation. Assimilation, however, means melting up in the majority nation by adopting all the values, customs and way of life characteristic of the majority, and abandoning, leaving behind, giving up the original traditional values, ethics, lifestyle, religion etc. of the minority. Assimilation means disappearing without a trace, continuing life as a new person, with new values, language, a whole set of new cultural assets. In this paper an effort is made to show that this is in fact not what many of the ethnic minority writers look for, so the term assimilation narrative is in many, although certainly not all, the cases, erroneuosly applied. It is justified to make a distinction between assimilation and integration narratives, as the two are not the same. In the paper examples are provided from Hispanic-American literature (Mexican-American, Puerto Rican and Dominican), across a range of genres from prose through drama to poetry, and also, examples are discussed when the author does in fact seek assimilation, as well as stories in which neither assimilation, nor integration is successful.
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Ogliastri, Enrique. "Editorial on the international collaboration in Latin American publications on management, vis-à-vis the best papers in Cladea 2015". Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 29, n.º 4 (7 de noviembre de 2016): 370–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-07-2016-0201.
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Abstract This issue includes five of the best papers, from six different countries, presented in the Cladea Assembly of 2015. This introduction summarises the papers and presents an analysis of Latin American publications on management, and of the advantages and conditions for international collaboration. The first article looks at the positive impact of the decentralization of decision-making processes and the formalisation of work in the innovation of small and medium enterprises. The second studies the fear of failure in work and its relationship to demographic variables. The third analyses the impact of the domestic violence suffered by workers on customer services in Puerto Rican companies. The fourth discusses the relationship between teleworking and the work-family conflict, and finally, the fifth is aimed at optimising the management of dependent demand inventory systems. This issue includes five articles chosen among the best papers presented at the Cladea Assembly of 2015 organised by Universidad de Valparaíso (Chile). The articles were sent in from Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Spain, and Puerto Rico, and were the best assessed in the fields of organisational behaviour, leadership and human capital management, entrepreneurships and SMEs, technology management and innovation, and operations management and value chains. The selection process began with the evaluation of the works sent to the conference for each topic. The author wish to thank the organisers, those in charge of each topic, and all the evaluators that helped select the best works. In particular, we thank Sergio Olavarrieta, José Ernesto Amorós, Jorge Ayala, Silvio Borrero, Daniel Cabrera, Reinaldo Calvo, Consuelo García, Valeska Geldres, Jorge Gilbert, Olga Pizarro, José Antonio Robles, and Jorge Tarzijan. Authors interested in publishing their articles were asked to send in a revised version. These new versions were then subjected to a double blind evaluation, and subsequent revisions until reaching the current publication. This has been a collective process in which dozens of academics from all the Cladea schools and countries have taken part.
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Warheit, George J., William A. Vega, Elizabeth L. Khoury, Andres A. Gil y Pamela H. Elfenbein. "A Comparative Analysis of Cigarette, Alcohol, and Illicit Drug Use among an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Hispanic, African American, and Non-Hispanic White Adolescents". Journal of Drug Issues 26, n.º 4 (octubre de 1996): 901–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269602600410.
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Longitudinal findings are presented on lifetime, past year, and magnitude of use of cigarettes, alcohol, and illicit drugs among non-Hispanic White (NHW), African-American, Cuban, Nicaraguan, Colombian, and Puerto Rican adolescent boys. The T-3 sample included 5,370 adolescents of whom 3,403 were Hispanic. About one-half the Hispanic sample was foreign born. Significant increases in lifetime use and magnitude of use of all three substances were found over the three data collection periods for all six groups. NHW and Hispanic adolescents had higher substance use rates than African-Americans. Most differences were not significant for NHW and Hispanic subgroups. Foreign-born Hispanics reported positive relationships between length of time in country and substance use. Significant relationships were found in two instances. Length of time in country was related to lifetime use of all substances for Cubans and for past year use of alcohol and illicit drugs. It was also significantly related to lifetime and past year use of alcohol and for lifetime illicit drug use among Nicaraguans. Although substance use did not vary greatly for different Hispanic groups, the authors suggest caution be used in offering generalizations, especially among young groups with diverse nativity and immigration histories.
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Duany, Jorge. "Mobile Livelihoods: The Sociocultural Practices of Circular Migrants between Puerto Rico and the United States". International Migration Review 36, n.º 2 (junio de 2002): 355–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00085.x.
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This article focuses on the bilateral flow of people between Puerto Rico and the United States - what has come to be known as circular, commuter, or revolving-door migration. It documents the migrants' livelihood practices based on a recent field study of population flows between Puerto Rico and the mainland. Specifically, the basic characteristics of multiple movers, one-time movers and nonmovers residing in Puerto Rico are compared. More broadly, the article assesses the implications of circular migration for Puerto Rican communities on and off the island. The author's basic argument is that the constant displacement of people - both to and from the island – blurs the territorial, linguistic, and juridical boundaries of the Puerto Rican nation. As people expand their means of subsistence across space, they develop multiple attachments to various localities. In the Puerto Rican situation, such mobile livelihoods are easier to establish than in other places because of the free movement of labor and capital between the island and the mainland. The author hypothesizes that circulation does not entail major losses in human capital for most Puerto Ricans, but rather often constitutes an occupational, educational, and linguistic asset.
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Mohr, Emma L., Michelle Koenig, Elaina Razo, Ann Mitzey, Matt Semler, Laurel Stewart, Meghan Breitbach et al. "2784. Increased Frontal Lobe Volume and Density in Macaques Exposed to Zika Virus In Utero". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (octubre de 2019): S983—S984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2461.
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Abstract Background In utero Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes birth defects and neurodevelopmental deficits in neonates. We reasoned that a translational macaque model of congenital ZIKV infection could define disease pathophysiology not possible in human clinical studies. Methods We inoculated 5 pregnant rhesus macaques with a Puerto Rican isolate of ZIKV (ZIKV-PRVABC59) during the first trimester, monitored infection with plasma viral RNA (vRNA) loads, and evaluated infants for birth defects and neurodevelopmental deficits during their first week of life. Assessments included neurobehavioral assessments, ophthalmic examinations, optical coherence tomography, electroretinography with visual evoked potentials, hearing examinations, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and tissue histopathological analyses. Results All five pregnant dams demonstrated plasma viremia and seroconversion following ZIKV inoculation. One of the five pregnancies resulted in a stillbirth. All liveborn infants had decreased feeding volumes and weight gain compared with control infants. A comprehensive voxel-based morphometric comparison of ZIKV-exposed and control infant brain MRIs identified increased gray matter volume and density in the frontal lobe in the ZIKV-exposed infant group, which corresponds to the pharyngeal motor cortex responsible for coordinating swallowing. Ocular studies identified differences between ZIKV-exposed and control infants in retinal layer thicknesses (inner plexiform, outer nuclear layers, photoreceptor outer segment) and visual evoked potentials (increased amplitude of waveforms). While ZIKV vRNA was detected in the decidua of 2/5 pregnancies, no ZIKV vRNA was identified in infant tissues and none of the infants developed an anti-ZIKV IgM response. Conclusion In utero ZIKV exposure resulted in decreased feeding volumes and weight gain, which may be related to the gray matter changes identified in the pharyngeal motor cortex. Changes in retinal layer thicknesses and increased cortical visual pathway waveform amplitude suggest vision may be impaired. These changes occurred despite the lack of evidence of vertical transmission, suggesting that ZIKV exposure without measurable vertical transmission affects fetal brain development. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Amador, Emma. "Caring for Labor History". Labor 17, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-8643496.
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This essay charts how the author’s interest in labor history and the history of care work were inspired by her own family history of migrations from Puerto Rico to the United States. It considers how her grandmother’s stories about being a child needle worker in Puerto Rico and a migrant domestic worker in New York led her to think critically about the connections and overlap between the home and workplace in the lives of Puerto Rican women. As a student, investigating her personal history led her to discover a rich tradition of Puerto Rican feminist labor history that raised questions about reproductive politics and caring labor that remain pressing in our contemporary moment.
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Arce-Nazario, Javier A. "Geovisualizing space and time in a science-art exhibit". Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15 de julio de 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-14-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The question of how to communicate with lay audiences about dynamic spatial processes is important in many disciplines. A diversity of paradigms for representing space and time have been developed in cartography, GIS science, and geovisualization, but these paradigms are unlikely to converge to a standard representation of spatiotemporal data (Goodchild 2013). Thus, finding the best visualization techniques to support the general public’s understanding of spatiotemporal analysis requires some exploration. In the following, I discuss how this exploration produced the novel approaches to representing time and landscape dynamics in <i>geo/visual/isla</i>, which was a science-art exhibit about social and ecological changes in the landscape of Puerto Rico over the past century.</p><p><i>geo/visual/isla</i> (Museo Casa Blanca, San Juan, 2017) was developed from static, large-format prints of aerial imagery of the Caribbean island nation of Puerto Rico, which were created by a collective of undergraduate students and a geographer at the University of Puerto Rico at Cayey. The data associated with times in the 1930s were derived from aerial photographs provided by the Puerto Rican Department of Transportation, and more recent data were derived from the United States Geological Survey and United States Army Corps of Engineers. The exhibit ultimately presented an 80-year history of changes in the natural and constructed landscape, during a period in which shifting global and local economies, migration, climate events and colonial policies were drivers of dramatic landscape transitions. The purpose of the exhibit was to capture the beauty and the dynamics of the landscape’s history, while helping visitors to envision and discuss past landscape change and future land use in Puerto Rico.</p><p>The problem of geovisualizing time and change is an old one that has been extensively reviewed – for example, by Yuan (2016) – but when the audience is a general public, there are additional challenges. Most notably, the limited period of interaction that a lay person will have with the geospatial data in question means that the scheme for representing space and time together must be either simple or familiar to be successful. Many creators of geographic exhibits for lay audiences do utilize well-established geovisualization paradigms such as the space-time cube (Bogucka and Jahnke 2017), the time-animated series of maps (Harner, Knapp, and Davis-Witherow 2017), and the annotated timeline (Caine 2017). However, these techniques must be adapted for the intended audience: the authors in each case highlight the specific techniques they use to help viewers by reducing the information burden and interpretation ambiguity of the representations they choose.</p><p> Like these other public geographic exhibits, <i>geo/visual/isla</i> extensively used an early cartographic representation of time, which was chosen for its simplicity and familiarity. Several of the works in the exhibit were “time-slice snapshots,” as described by Langran and Chrisman (1998). We took advantage of the rich vocabulary of the human experience of time to help viewers more easily navigate the temporal dimension of the data being displayed. For example, we encouraged viewers to associate neighboring time-slices by using the visual metaphor of the triptych, and used color schemes emphasizing the time coordinate (Figure 1). Spatial orientation between images was reinforced by choosing images with prominent, essentially consistent landscape features such as a coastline. The triptych format also reduced the temporal resolution to a manageable level, reducing the information burden noted above.</p><p> Perhaps the most important distinction between science-art exhibits and GIS representations or standalone geovisualizations is possibility to use the exhibit site as an additional dimension of experience. Harner, Knapp, and Davis-Witherow (2017) used this space for physical objects, and describe how their exhibit’s interactive maps replace interpretation of these objects by curators. In <i>geo/visual/isla</i>, we chose the inverse relationship: the space itself provided orientation that helped viewers interpret the maps. This was achieved by two techniques: first, the viewers’ path through the exhibit allowed them to learn the “vocabulary” of the space-time representation as they progressed. Timeslice snapshots gave way to more complex presentations where data with different space and time coordinates appeared in the same frame (Figure 2). By the end of the exhibit, viewers were easily able to read the spatial landscape enough to understand the story of change in these blended presentations. Second, the environment in different parts of the exhibit hall reinforced an understanding of timescales. Images in the exhibit depicting topological landscape features in the 1950s and 1960s were portrayed in red-blue anaglyph images and viewed with paper anaglyph glasses. In this corner of the exhibit, which was populated by other visitors in “retro” glasses and complemented by artworks referencing visual tropes of other dimensions and flashbacks, our intention was to make the actual ambiance provoke discussions of this particular period of Puerto Rico’s past (Figure 3).</p><p>The techniques explored in <i>geo/visual/isla</i> made the dimensions of space and time equally easy to navigate for users, and our observation of visitors and their responses on surveys demonstrated that we successfully produced a conducive environment for substantive discussions of landscape change. The demonstrated effectiveness of the format is consistent with our visitor survey results from prior exhibitions (Arce-Nazario 2016). Our choices were specifically designed for a physical, artistic exhibit and a non-expert audience, but the training and cueing used to make <i>geo/visual/isla</i> work so well could also be adapted to other geovisualization presentations and tools.</p>
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Fernández Hernández, Paula. "Escrituras del yo, escrituras de la nación: Facebook, literatura y activismo en Yolanda Arroyo Pizarro". Clepsydra. Revista de Estudios de Género y Teoría Feminista 21 (2021): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.clepsydra.2021.21.06.
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Yolanda Arroyo Pizarro is a renowned Puerto Rican writer and activist for LGBTI rights and Afro-Caribbean communities. Her literature focuses on the portrait of queer subjectivities and the celebration of Afro-American identity. In this paper, I connect the different arenas in which the author corroborates her political engagement in order to propose a new perspective on autobiography as a literary genre, including such a paradigmatic platform for self-representation as Facebook. This strategy, in turn, is coherent with the author’s proposal, since it is founded on the creation of a network of support for vulnerable communities and on the defense of a deep decolonization. Accordingly, the analysis and visibility of different ways to represent bodies and subjectivities converge in a study that, ultimately, questions the parameters in which writing, genre and nation are founded and interconnected.
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De Filippo, Daniela, Saray Córdoba González y Elías Sanz-Casado. "Bibliometría de la colaboración e impacto de la Revista de Biología Tropical (Web of Science 2003-2012)". Revista de Biología Tropical 64, n.º 1 (28 de junio de 2016): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i1.18241.
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The activity analysis of a scientific journal is relevant to know the evolution of its characteristics over time. In this paper, results of a bibliometric study of the Revista de Biología Tropical/International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation (Costa Rica) are presented. The goal of this study was to describe the main characteristics of its scientific production, and analyze its level of collaboration and its impact between the years 2003-2012. Data was derived from the Web of Science (Thomson-Reuters), and the relationship among authors and coauthors, institutions and countries, and their links with the citations received were analyzed for that period. Descriptive statistics about production (number of documents per year, institution and country), collaboration (authorship index, collaboration among institutions and countries) and impact (IF, position in JCR and number of citations received) were collected. Results showed that the journal has published 1 473 papers in this period, in similar proportions English and Spanish. Mexico, Costa Rica, Venezuela and Colombia are the most common countries of origin, with the Universidad of Costa Rica, Universidad Autónoma de Mexico and the University of Puerto Rico as the most common leader institutions. Collaboration between authors, institutions and countries has shown an increasing trend over the last decade. The co-author index was 3.07 per document, 63 % of publications included 2 or more institutions, and 22 % of the papers were product of international collaboration. The most common collaboration link was between Costa Rica and the United States of America. The impact factor has been oscillating during this last decade, reaching a maximum in 2012 (IF JCR = 0.553). Besides, 10 % of the most cited papers concentrated half of the citations received by the journal, and have a very high number of citations, compared with the journal mean. The main countries that cite the journal were USA, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Costa Rica. Data showed an increasing collaboration between authors, institutions and countries, and a direct relationship between the increase of this collaboration and the received impact.
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Mora, G. Cristina y Dina G. Okamoto. "Postcolonialism, Racial Political Fields, and Panethnicity: A Comparison of Early “Asian American” and “Hispanic” Movements". Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 6, n.º 4 (26 de enero de 2020): 450–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649219900291.
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Recent work has called for sociologists to incorporate postcolonial theory into their toolkits to better understand the mechanics of race in the United States. The authors answer this call by showing how postcolonial and field theories can be bridged to explain how movements of the 1970s developed distinct visions of panethnicity. Drawing on published case studies, as well as a unique data set of pioneering “Asian American” and “Hispanic” movement magazines from the 1970s, the authors systematically compare how community leaders framed panethnic identities before they became widely institutionalized. The authors show that although Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans could have developed a panethnic narrative centered on American imperialism, it was Asian Americans who constructed a postcolonial panethnic politics. In contrast, “Hispanic” stakeholders of the 1970s framed panethnicity more conservatively and at times patriotically. The authors contend that the different visions of panethnicity reflect the distinct colonial and imperial history of Asians and Hispanics in the United States as well as the position of Asian American and Hispanic panethnic leaders within and across the racial fields of the 1970s. This study suggests that panethnicity as a mobilizing identity narrative is politically flexible and amenable to different visions of racial equality. Moreover, the authors show how postcolonialism and field theory can be further synthesized to advance the study of panethnicity.
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GALVIS, WILLIAM y CRISTINA ANNE RHEIMS. "New species of Anaptomecus Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Sparassidae) from Colombia, with an identification key for all known species of the genus". Zootaxa 4521, n.º 2 (13 de noviembre de 2018): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.2.11.
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The huntsman spider genus Anaptomecus was proposed by Simon (1903) to include the type species, A. longiventris Simon, 1903, described from a juvenile male collected in Cayambé (San Pedro de Cayambé), Pichincha, Ecuador. Mello-Leitão (1940) described a second species, A. rufescens, from a female collected in Essequibo River, Guyana. The genus remained unstudied until the early 2000’s when Jäger et al. (2009) described the adult male and female of A. longiventris and transferred A. rufescens to Sparianthina Banks, 1929. In this same paper, the authors described A. temii Jäger, Rheims & Labarque, 2009, based on a male from Panama, and A. levyi Jäger, Rheims & Labarque, 2009, based on a female from Colombia. A few years later, Guala et al. (2012), increased the number of known species with the descriptions of A. paru Guala, Labarque & Rheims, 2012 and A. suni Guala, Labarque & Rheims, 2012, both based on males and females from Ecuador. Thus, Anaptomecus currently includes five species and is distributed in southern Central and northern South America, from Costa Rica to central Ecuador (Puerto Napo, Napo) (World Spider Catalog 2018).
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Baena, Verónica. "European franchise expansion into Latin America". Management Research Review 38, n.º 2 (16 de febrero de 2015): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-08-2013-0185.
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Purpose This study aims to enhance the knowledge that managers and scholars have on franchising expansion. In this sense, it is worth mentioning that although the body of literature on international management focusing on emerging markets is growing, the attention paid to the Latin American context continues to be limited. This is surprising given the substantive economic importance of the region with a population over 590 million, and a gross domestic product of approximately US$5 trillion. To cover this gap, the present study examines how a number of market conditions may drive diffusion of franchising into Latin America: geographical distance, cultural distance, political stability and economic development. The authors also controlled for the host country’s market potential, transparency, unemployment rate and efficiency of contract enforcement. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a quantitative approach applied to a sample of 77 Spanish franchisors operating through 4,064 franchisee outlets across 21 Latin American countries in late 2012. They are: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay and Venezuela. Findings Results conclude that geographical distance between the host and home countries, as well as the level of host country’s political stability, economic development, market potential and transparency are able to drive the spread of international franchising across Latin American nations. Research limitations/implications This study provides readers with a general overview of the current state of global franchising diffusion overseas. Results obtained in this study are useful for understanding and predicting the demand for franchising in Latin American countries. Practical implications Economics reports argue that by 2050, the largest economies in the world will be China, the USA, India, Brazil and Mexico. This fact highlights the substantive importance of Latin America for foreign investors willing to expand their business abroad. In an attempt to give insights from the Latin American context, the present paper develops and tests a model that can be useful to franchisors willing to establish new outlets in the region. In addition, our findings offer guidance to firm managers seeking to target their franchises in Latin America. Franchisors may then use the results of this study as a starting point for identifying such regions whose characteristics best meet their needs of expansion. Originality/value This paper explores how market conditions may drive international diffusion of franchising into Latin American markets. The scant theoretical or empirical attention given to this topic has usually been examined from the USA and British base and focused on developed markets. To fill this gap, the present study analyzes the international spread of the Spanish franchise system into Latin America as a market for franchising expansion.
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Cruz-Malavé, Arnaldo. "Teaching Puerto Rican Authors: Identity and Modernization in Nuyorican Texts". ADE Bulletin, 1988, 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/ade.91.45.
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"Family matters: Puerto Rican women authors on the island and the mainland". Choice Reviews Online 50, n.º 10 (22 de mayo de 2013): 50–5464. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.50-5464.
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"A Puerto Rican Decolonial Theology: Prophesy Freedom. Four Perspectives – Author's Response". Horizons 45, n.º 2 (29 de noviembre de 2018): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hor.2018.84.
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Morales, Astrid Sambolín, Molly Hamm-Rodríguez, Bethzaida Morales Rivera, Jasmin Nuñez Tejada, Manuel Hernandez y Myrmarie A. Graw-Gonzalez. "Las historias que dejó María: Educators and Researchers Bearing Witness to the Coloniality of Displacement". Assembly 3, n.º 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33011/assembly.v3i1.1007.
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This article centers the experiences of two university researchers in Colorado and four public school educators from Florida as they engaged in a dialogic process of counter-storytelling to reject one-dimensional narratives and embrace contradictions and vulnerabilities throughout the process. The authors speak against the deficit stories and colonizing practices that have affected Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans pre- and post-Hurricane María. This collaborative project humanizes the ongoing experiences of multiple displacements resulting from U.S. colonialism, racism, white supremacy ideologies, and unnatural disasters. Using a series of letters as the basis for reflection, we trace three major themes across our collaborative sense-making: (1) a desire to resist systems of white supremacy and coloniality by positioning teachers, displaced students, and their families as agents rather than victims; (2) a sense of (un)belonging that transcends or exists beyond the storm’s landfall; and (3) the power of counter-storytelling as a humanizing, liberating act.
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Roth, Wendy D. y Alexandra Marin. "The Role of Skin Color in Latino Social Networks: Color Homophily in Sending and Receiving Societies". Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 29 de julio de 2020, 233264922094034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649220940346.
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How does skin color shape the social networks and integration pathways of phenotypically diverse immigrant groups? Focusing on Dominicans and Puerto Ricans, groups with considerable diversity across the Black-White color line, the authors explore whether migrants to the United States have greater color homophily in their primary social networks than nonmigrants in the sending societies. The authors analyze egocentric network data, including unique skin color measures for both 114 respondents and 1,702 alters. They test hypotheses derived from ethnic unifier theory and color line racialization theory. The data show evidence of color homophily among Dominicans but suggest that these patterns may be imported from the sending society rather than fostered by the U.S. context. Furthermore, the authors find that migrants’ skin color is associated with having ties to White or Black Americans but with different patterns for each ethnic group. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for economic mobility and U.S. racial hierarchies.
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Albújar-Escuredo, Miguel Angel. "Caja de fractales (2017), una propuesta de humanismo antropocénico en tiempo de ecocidio." Alambique Revista acadèmica de ciencia ficciòn y fantasia ∕ Jornal acadêmico de ficção científica e fantasía 7, n.º 2 (septiembre de 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2167-6577.7.2.2.
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This paper analyzes the novel Caja de fractales (2017) by Puerto Rican writer Luis Othoniel Rosa, which portrays an original proposal of the humanist artist’s role in a time of ecocide. The novel belongs by its own right to the Climate Fiction subgenre. It proposes that we should evolve towards a more humane and less harmful humanity thanks to a recycled mentality, which could adapt and consequently make us survive our anthropocenic era. This essay also argues the importance of the novel in the current literary scene; it points out the author’s interpretation of what humanism is confronting the risk of a possible human extinction, and compares it with the similar vision of other theorists of humanism in our time of Anthropocene. Finally, it translates Othoniel Rosa´s survival proposal into a mixture based on artistic cooperation and empathic action that would give rise to human salvation through a new civilizational paradigm, now that Petrocapitalism has been overcome.
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Rodríguez Hernández, M. "Eudarluca caricis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, n.º 149 (1 de julio de 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401484.
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Abstract A description is provided for Eudarluca caricis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Hyperparasitic on rust pustules. This species has been discussed as a potential biological control agent by various authors (PELHATE, 1961, and SEBESTA, 1963, according to ERIKSSON, 1966; GONZÁLEZ & CASTELLANOS, 1978). HOSTS: On many rust species (including Kuehneola malvicola, Phakopsora gossypii, Peridermium peckii, Puccinia cynodontis, P. fimbristylidis, P. gouaniae, P. huberi, P. levis, P. liberta, P. melampodii, P. melanocephala, P. polysora, P. purpurea, P. raunkaerii, P. sorghi, P. thaliae, Puccinia sp., Uredinales fam. indet., Uredo aeschynomensis, U. kyllingiae, U. commelinae, U. costaricensis, U. phaseoli, U. setariae-italicae, U. tenuicutis) associated with the following plants: Allium ampeloprasum, A. schoenoprasum (Alliaceae), Canna coccinea, C. glauca (Cannaceae), Commelina elegans (Commelinaceae), Centaurea scabiosa, Synedrella nodiflora, Wedelia rugosa (Compositae), Carex sp., Cyperus odoratus, Cyperus sp., Eleocharis interstincta, Eleocharis sp., Fimbristylis diphylla, Kyllinga sp., Rhynchospora micrantha (Cyperaceae), Andropogon sp., Arachis hypogaea, Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria decumbens, Eriochloa polystachys, Lasiacis divaricata, Panicum maximum, P. purpurascens, P. trichoides, Paspalum plicatulum, Pennisetum purpureum, Phragmites communis, Rhynchelytrum roseum, Sorghum bicolor, S. halepense, S. vulgare, Sporobolus indicus, Tripsacum laxum, Zea mays (Gramineae), Aeschynomene americana, Inga vera, Phaseolus vulgaris (Leguminosae), Althaea rosea, Gossypium barbadense, Hibiscus syriacus (Malvaceae), Rivina humilis (Phytolaccaceae), Gouania lupuloides (Rhamnaceae), Persica vulgaris, Potentilla canadensis, P. verna (Rosaceae), Salix fragilis, S. purpurea (Salicaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Ubiquitous. Records of the anamorph are as follows. AFRICA: Algeria. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA (NAG RAJ, 1993). CENTRAL AMERICA: American Virgin Islands (SEAVER, 1924, 1925), Cuba (COOK, 1906), Puerto Rico. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Brazil. Ecuador. Venezuela (CHARDÓN & TORO, 1934). AUSTRALASIA: New Zealand. EUROPE: Austria, former Czechoslovakia, France, Germany. Records of the teleomorph are as follows. AFRICA: Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda. NORTH AMERICA: USA. CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Brazil, Guyana [as British Guiana], Ecuador, Venezuela (ERIKSSON, 1966). ASIA: China, India, Japan, Malaysia (including North Borneo), former USSR. AUSTRALASIA: New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea. EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.