Artículos de revistas: "Autism in children. Autistic children Autistic Disorder"

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Chekaleva, N., Z. Kulsharipova, L. Syrymbetova, B. Matayev y D. Omarova. "Сomprehensive support of children with autistic spectrum disorders". Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Pedagogy series 101, n.º 1 (29 de marzo de 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021ped1/33-40.

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Today, autism is a significant social problem that is becoming more widespread, affecting children who have the same type of developmental problems, but with different options for overcoming them. This is what causes the idea of autism as a set of autism spectrum disorders. Children with ASD are a polymorphic group, which manifests itself in psychological and pedagogical features, which complicates social adaptation. In psychological and pedagogical terms, children with ASD are allocated to a special group, since interaction is built differently due to qualitative communication disorders. In many cases, children with ASD who come to school have unformed learning behaviors. For the successful development of the program material in children with ASD, it is necessary to form a stereotype of educational behavior, on which all school education is based. Deficits in the formation of these skills can lead to a longer period of adaptation of the child in school and to difficulties in mastering the program. In this article, we consider the necessary skills, the formation of which is aimed at psychological and pedagogical assistance to a child with ASD in preparation for school.

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Khan, Md Arif Uddin. "The Role of the Family in Socializing the Autistic Children: A Study in Bangladesh". International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 55 (julio de 2015): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.55.70.

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Autism Spectrum Disorders are increasingly known in developing countries like Bangladesh. The children with autism exhibit significant deficits in social communication, including delayed language development and imitation skills. This disorder is different from other disorders and its characteristics and functions are also different. Families having children with autism spectrum disorder play important role in their socialization and face many challenges as the disorder is associated with disruptive antisocial behavior. The main objective of this research is to know the role of family in socializing autistic children. This research was conducted though survey method by using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data of this study was collected from 78 parents having children with autism spectrum disorder. In our country autism newly introduced and research on autism especially role of the family of the autistic children in socialization are very few. So, this study discusses the role of family in socializing autistic children.

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Fattah Mohammed, Hussein Ahmed Abdel. "Patterns of sleep disorders in children with autism with the attention deficit -hyperactivity disorder". Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 8, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol8iss1pp81-101.

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The present study aims to identify the extent of the prevalence of some sleep disorders patterns of autistic children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and the preparation and rationing measure of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder when autistic children, and scale disturbances of sleep when autistic children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and differences gender (male - female) in sleep disorders patterns in these children, and to identify the predictable patterns of sleep disorders in autistic children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the study sample: The sample consisted reconnaissance of the (study 60) of children with autism parents, has been application on (60) of children (40 males and 20 females) between the ages of (7 -12 years), sample basic study consisted of (80) of children with autism parents, it has been the application on (80) of autistic children (50 males 0.30 females) between the ages of (7-12 years), and the study sample of visitors to Al Amal Hospital for Mental Health Barar- northern border region - Saudi Arabia, approach the study: the use of a researcher in the current study, the descriptive approach comparative The study found that it can predictable patterns of sleep disorders in children with autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, as some common patterns of sleep disorders in children study sample and found statistically significant differences in sleep disorders among both male and female patterns of children study sample in favor of males.

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Al Mochamant, Iosif-Grigorios, Ioannis Fotopoulos y Lampros Zouloumis. "Dental Management of Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders". Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 19, n.º 3 (1 de noviembre de 2015): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjdm-2015-0046.

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SummaryDental treatment of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) can be complicated because of the presence of behavioural unpredictability. This article reviews the present literature on the issues dealt with children with autistic spectrum disorder from the dental perspective. The prevalence of autism is rising worldwide. Consequently, dentists will find an increasing number of such children in their routine practice, whose treatment will require special considerations in their dental management. Knowledge regarding the oral health status of autistic children is essential for the paediatric dentists. Negative behaviour toward dental treatment was very clear in autistic children. Self-inflicting trauma/habits were observed in autistic children. It was concluded that the autistic children do not have a higher dental caries score compared to that of normal children. Their oral hygiene was fair; however, they exhibited more debris deposits than normal children.

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Mano, Elona. "Adult Autism - Global Challenge of the Future". European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 6, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2016): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v6i1.p94-98.

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There is an increase awareness of Autism Spectrum Disorder recently. The truth is that tens of thousands face an autism diagnosis each year. Even though the integration of autistic children is the focus of many studies in the last decades, the problem remains unsolved. What happens with autistic children as adults? In addition, one of the biggest challenges in providing services to people with an autism spectrum disorder is that the needs change from person to person. This study is focused on parent`s point of view. During the interviews the participants raised some important issues. To have their children in the same classes with non-disabled children, was the first won battle of parents of autistic children, but integrating autistic individuals as adults in society seems to be just the cover of a big dilemma for parents of autistic children. Autistic child as adult is a real challenge for society worldwide.

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Brzóska, Anna, Beata Kazek, Karolina Kozioł, Agnieszka Kapinos-Gorczyca, Małgorzata Ferlewicz, Agnieszka Babraj, Anna Makosz-Raczek et al. "Eating Behaviors of Children with Autism—Pilot Study". Nutrients 13, n.º 8 (3 de agosto de 2021): 2687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082687.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the most recognized neuropsychiatric disorder of childhood. Comorbid conditions (such as feeding disorders) are more common among people with autism than among the general population. The most frequent somatic disorders in autistic children include the gastrointestinal disorders observed in 46–91% of patients. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the nutrition of children with autism, with particular emphasis placed on feeding in the first year of life, in comparison to the group of healthy peers. Participants included 75 Caucasian children (41 children diagnosed with pure autism, and the control group consisting of 34 children without autistic traits). The analysis was performed based on a questionnaire of own design with the first part devoted to the eating practices of the early infancy. Results: Autistic children, as compared to the healthy peers, presented a shortened time of breastfeeding (the children fell asleep at the breast) (p = 0.04), a delayed introduction of dairy products (p = 0.001), the need of more trials to introduce new foods (p = 0.006), a delayed introduction of foods with solid and lumpy structure (p = 0.004), a longer duration of bottle feeding (p = 0.005), delayed attempts to eating using own hands (p = 0.006) and needed a greater support of parents to divert their attention from food during eating (p = 0.05). Conclusions: 1. The dietary problems are more common among children with the autism spectrum disorder than among the population of healthy children, during the first year of life from the time of introducing the complementary foods. 2. The autistic children experience difficulties with eating and require their parents’ additional involvement significantly more often than their healthy peers.

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Zaky, E. "Face processing in autism spectrum disorder". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (abril de 2017): S457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.496.

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BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impaired social and communicative abilities as well as restricted, repetitive, stereotyped pattern of behaviors, interests, and activities. Significant difficulties in social interactions in autistics are manifested by impairment in eye-to-eye contact, social reciprocity, and response to emotional cues.ObjectiveHighlighting the neurological basis of normal face processing and its abnormalities in ASD with percussions on the management plan of autistic children.SummaryHuman face processing that was proved to be compromised in autistic individuals is pivotal for proper social interactions. Such simple spontaneous perceptual task in normal children is carried out by face processing areas of the brain; fusiform gyrus, superior temporal sulcus, and amygdala. Behavioral, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging studies showed evidences of dysfunction of such areas in autistics who often focus on face periphery and cannot interpret that it tells something about a person's state of mind. Very early targeted intervention can stimulate face processing areas of the brain during the early developmental phases of social brain circuitry which in turn will help autistics to pay attention to faces and learn to understand emotional expressions.ConclusionEventually, prevention or at least significant amelioration of severity and symptomatology spectrum of autism might be possible.Disclosure of interestThe author have not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

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Höglund Carlsson, Lotta, Fritjof Norrelgen, Liselotte Kjellmer, Joakim Westerlund, Christopher Gillberg y Elisabeth Fernell. "Coexisting Disorders and Problems in Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders". Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/213979.

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Objectives. To analyze cooccurring disorders and problems in a representative group of 198 preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who had had interventions at a specialized habilitation center.Methods. Parents and children were seen by a research team. Data were based on parental interviews, pediatric assessments, and tests of the child. Information on autistic symptoms, general cognitive function, speech and language, motor function, epilepsy, vision, hearing, activity level, behavior, and sleep was collected.Results. Three ASD categories were used: (1) autistic disorder (AD), (2) autistic-like condition (ALC) or Asperger syndrome, and (3) one group with autistic symptoms/traits but not entirely all its criteria met for ASD. Children with autism had a mean of 3.2 coexisting disorders or problems, the ALC/Asperger group had a mean of 1.6, and children with autistic traits had a mean of 1.6. The most common disorder/problems in the total group pertained to language problems (78%), intellectual disability (ID) (49%), below average motor function (37%), and severe hyperactivity/ADHD (33%).Conclusions. The results accord with the concept of early symptomatic syndromes eliciting neurodevelopmental clinical examination (ESSENCE), and highlight the need of considering ASD in a broad perspective taking also other cooccurring developmental disorders into account.

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Izzah, Alifah Fajriyyatul, Widati Fatmaningrum y Roedi Irawan. "Perbedaan Gejala pada Anak Autis yang Diet Bebas Gluten dan Kasein dengan yang Tidak Diet di Surabaya". Amerta Nutrition 4, n.º 1 (15 de marzo de 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v4i1.2020.36-42.

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Background: Autism disorders can disrupt the quality of life of autism children. One popular diet therapy for children with autism is a gluten and casein free diet. Gluten and casein free diet based on opioid theory are still pros and cons.Objective: To determine the difference of symptoms in autistic children who are free from gluten and casein and those who are not.Method: An observational analytic cross-sectional study was conducted at several autistic therapy centers in Surabaya. The study was carried out in children with autism aged 3-12 years and was diagnosed by a specialist. The research subjects were selected by purposive sampling method. Data collected, including data on the child's identity, data on the identity of parents, data on gluten and casein implementation were obtained through the FFQ questionnaire and data on symptoms of autistic children were obtained from the ATEC questionnaire.Results: Autistic symptom scores were good for communication skills, social interactions, cognitive responses, and behavioral disorders in autistic children on diets rather than those who did not. Bivariate test results showed that there were significant differences in the variable behavior disorder (p=0.021) and the total score (p=0.018).Conclusion: There are differences in symptoms in autistic children who are free from gluten and casein and those who are not especially on behavioral disorders.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Gangguan autisme dapat mengganggu kualitas hidup anak autis. Salah satu terapi diet populer bagi anak autis adalah diet bebas gluten dan kasein. Diet bebas gluten dan kasein yang didasari oleh teori opioid masih menjadi pro kontra.Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan gejala pada anak autis yang diet bebas gluten dan kasein dengan yang tidak diet.Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional rancangan cross sectional dilakukan di beberapa pusat terapi autis di Surabaya. Penelitian dilakukan pada anak autis berusia 3 – 12 tahun dan telah didiagnosis oleh dokter ahli. Subyek penelitian dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan, meliputi data identitas anak, data identitas orang tua, data pelaksanaan diet bebas gluten dan kasein diperoleh melalui kuesioner FFQ serta data gejala pada anak autis diperoleh dari kuesioner ATEC.Hasil: Gambaran gejala pada anak autis yang diet bebas gluten dan kasein lebih ringan daripada yang tidak diet berupa gangguan kemampuan komunikasi, interaksi sosial, respon kognitif dan gangguan perilaku. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada variabel gangguan perilaku (p=0,021) dan skor ATEC total (p=0,018).Kesimpulan: Ada perbedaan gejala pada anak autis yang diet bebas gluten dan kasein dengan yang tidak diet terutama pada gangguan perilaku.

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Neo, Wee Xuan y Gerard Thomas Flaherty. "Autism Spectrum Disorder and International Travel". International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 7, n.º 1 (24 de noviembre de 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.01.

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The literature on international travellers with psychiatric disorders is limited. This perspective article highlights various travel-related aspects of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including its aetiological association with maternal migration, the difficulties faced by longterm travelers with autistic children, and the facilitation of international travel for autistic individuals by the travel industry. Depending on the severity of their condition, autistic individuals may find specific aspects of the travel experience particularly distressing. Travel medicine practitioners should be aware of the unique needs of autistic travelers when providing pre-travel health counseling. There is also an onus on the travel industry to facilitate safe and enjoyable travel and remove barriers faced by autistic travellers.

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Sian, Chan Wei y Jamayah Saili. "Counseling intervention for native mothers with autism spectrum disorder (asd) children". Journal of Educational and Learning Studies 2, n.º 2 (25 de mayo de 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.32698/0402.

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The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of native mothers with autistic children in Kuching, Sarawak. The research focused on the challenges faced by native mothers with autistic children, their coping strategies, and participation in counseling intervention. This is a qualitative-based research with three native mothers with autistic children, employing approximately 30 until 45 minutes semi-structured interview sessions. Outcome of the interview sessions were categorized into four major themes and nine sub-themes. Recommendation of counseling intervention include psychoeducational, which aim to provide information to native mothers with regards to autism-related knowledge, skills, and techniques to handling autistic children.

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Galinat, Karen, Kelly Barcalow y Barbara Krivda. "Caring for Children With Autism in the School Setting". Journal of School Nursing 21, n.º 4 (agosto de 2005): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405050210040501.

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Children with autism present unique challenges related to communication, behavior, and social skills. Each child with an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibits individual characteristics of the disorder. Early identification of autistic spectrum disorder has been shown to improve the child’s benefit from educational interventions. There may be health issues related to autism including seizure disorders and dietary restrictions. Students with autism need special consideration when they come to the health office for screening, assessment of injuries, or administration of medication. Collaboration between educators and school nurses is needed to develop and implement Individual Education Plans and Individual Healthcare Plans. Community resources provide valuable assistance to families of children with this challenging disorder.

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Yuliandika, Rizal Dwi y Dewi Suryandari. "Hubungan Antara Pola Asuh Orang Tua dengan Temper Tantrum Anak Autis di SLB AGCA Center Surakarta". Jurnal Berita Ilmu Keperawatan 12, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/bik.v12i1.9618.

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Growth and development, especially in children, sometimes impaired either before birth or after birth. Developmental disorders in children one of which is a developmental disorder behavior. Autism is one of irregularities in development since infancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of parents' parenting autistic children in SLB Agca Center Surakarta and analyze the relationship between foster parents with autistic children in special schools tantrums Agca Center Surakarta. The result is expected to increase the knowledge and contribute to the parties involved in this research about the types of parenting parents the right to their children, especially to children dishabilitas, such as autistic children. This study design using correlational, which examines the relationship between variables. Method is a cross sectional approach. The population in this study are all autistic children in SLB Agca Center Surakarta numbered 34 children. The sample in this study were students with autism SLB Agca Center Surakarta totaling 34 children. The sampling technique used is total sampling. Analysis of the data in this study using univariate and bivariate analysis aimed to test the hypothesis or testing a relationship between parenting parents with an autistic child temper tantrums in SLB Agca Center Surakarta. The results showed that parents' parenting of children autism in SLB Agca Center Surakarta included in the category of good, and the trend parenting democratic show that autistic children at SLB Agca Center Surakarta has temper tantrums low and temper tantrums of children autism in SLB Agca Center Surakarta included in the category are low, this indicates that the planting of education in SLB Agca Center Surakarta quite successful. There is a correlation between parenting system and temper tantrum of children with Autism Syndrom Disorder in Agca Center Surakarta.

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Sah, Vijay Kumar. "Preliminary Study in Children with Autistic Savant Syndrome". Journal of Nobel Medical College 3, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2015): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.12232.

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Background: Savant syndrome, characterized by remarkable islands of mental ability in otherwise mentally handicapped persons, may occur in autistic as well as non autistic individuals. Overall, approximately 10% of autistic persons exhibit savant abilities. Savant skills are typically confined to five areas: art, music, calendar calculating, mathematics and mechanical/spatial skills. Methods: Data taken from the third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat- Sen university from December 09, 2008 to September 08, 2009. We have analyzed 885 cases, among them 725 were with autistic disorder and 160 were of Mental retardation. Total subjects enrolled were altogether 48; Male 45, Female 3 with mean and SD of age 7.08 ± 2.31 years. Number of savant skills in children group includes 11 Autism, 10 HFA, 26 AS, 1 MR. Results: Approximately one in thirteen (7%) of children with autistic disorder had savant skills in our study. Approximately less than 1% of children with developmental disability, mental retardation had savant skills in our study. Overall, many more males showed some form of savant skill. Artistic skill is one of the most common savant skills seen in autistic children. The socioeconomic status of the parents of autistic children was relatively high. Conclusions: We thus conclude that autism (or autistic traits) and savant skills are inextricably linked and we should therefore look to autism in our quest to solve the puzzle of the savant syndrome.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.12232Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVol. 3, No.1 Issue 6, 2014, Page: 20-25

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Mohammad, Heba y Fadi Abu-Amara. "A Mobile Social and Communication Tool for Autism". International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 14, n.º 19 (7 de octubre de 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i19.10887.

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Autism is a complex neurobiological disorder that is prevalence worldwide. Most autistic children have weak communication and social skills. This re-searches aims to develop and test a mobile application, named MyVoice, which supports local autistic children. The proposed design and features are discussed, and a prototype is evaluated and tested by two therapists and an autistic child. Experimental results indicate positive feedback in terms of ease of use, aesthetic, and simplicity. Parents of the autistic child are satisfied with different features such as the alert notification. Results also indicate that autistic children need about one week to easily interact with MyVoice.

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Hartami Santi, Indyah. "THE DESIGN OF EXPERT SYSTEM APPLICATION FOR DIAGNOSING AUTISM DISORDERS IN CHILDREN". JARES (Journal of Academic Research and Sciences) 4, n.º 2 (1 de septiembre de 2019): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/jares.v4i2.757.

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The level of public understanding of autistic disorders and how to handle them that still lacking is the main reason in this study. How to know that a child has an autistic disorder or not is generally done by manual and simple way, it done by filling out a checklist or questionnaire that contains facts, attitudes and behaviors that often appear in children. The checklist is filled by parents who will then be observed again by the therapist to get clear, accurate, and reliable results. The weakness from this method in diagnosing there is an autistic disorder or not is it must involve therapists/experts who are currently still few in number. The purpose of this study is to make a software namely an expert system application that able to diagnose autistic disorders in children that are tailored to the needs of parents. The results of this study are a series of product design systems for expert systems to diagnose autistic disorders in children including ongoing system flowcharts, computerized system flowcharts, Data Flow Diagrams, application program flowcharts and display of application programs that have been built. The results of designing expert system software applications are expected to be used by therapists in diagnosing children who come to consult

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Scheerer, Nichole E., Elina Birmingham, Troy Q. Boucher y Grace Iarocci. "Attention capture by trains and faces in children with and without autism spectrum disorder". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 6 (18 de junio de 2021): e0250763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250763.

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This study examined involuntary capture of attention, overt attention, and stimulus valence and arousal ratings, all factors that can contribute to potential attentional biases to face and train objects in children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the visual domain, faces are particularly captivating, and are thought to have a ‘special status’ in the attentional system. Research suggests that similar attentional biases may exist for other objects of expertise (e.g. birds for bird experts), providing support for the role of exposure in attention prioritization. Autistic individuals often have circumscribed interests around certain classes of objects, such as trains, that are related to vehicles and mechanical systems. This research aimed to determine whether this propensity in autistic individuals leads to stronger attention capture by trains, and perhaps weaker attention capture by faces, than what would be expected in non-autistic children. In Experiment 1, autistic children (6–14 years old) and age- and IQ-matched non-autistic children performed a visual search task where they manually indicated whether a target butterfly appeared amongst an array of face, train, and neutral distractors while their eye-movements were tracked. Autistic children were no less susceptible to attention capture by faces than non-autistic children. Overall, for both groups, trains captured attention more strongly than face stimuli and, trains had a larger effect on overt attention to the target stimuli, relative to face distractors. In Experiment 2, a new group of children (autistic and non-autistic) rated train stimuli as more interesting and exciting than the face stimuli, with no differences between groups. These results suggest that: (1) other objects (trains) can capture attention in a similar manner as faces, in both autistic and non-autistic children (2) attention capture is driven partly by voluntary attentional processes related to personal interest or affective responses to the stimuli.

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Mano, Elona. "Grandparents of Autistic Children - The Best Support System". European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, n.º 2 (30 de abril de 2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i2.p91-94.

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There is an increase of cases with autism spectrum disorder each year. The truth is that tens of thousands parents face a tremendous phase when they understand what autism is. Autism and autistic children are the focus of many studies in the last decades, but the focus is mainly on the children or the parents of these children. What happens with grandparents of autistic children? They suffer twice. They suffer for the grandchild and for their own son or daughter. In addition, maybe they blame themselves for that inherited “bad” gene that caused the disorder. To go further they maybe feel useless because of their age, their conditions or even their missing information. One of the biggest challenges in providing services to people with an autism spectrum disorder is that they need help 24 hours per day. Not only the grandparents, but even all the other members of the family can help a lot. This study is focused on grandparents`s point of view. What is autism and what does it mean for them to have an autistic grandchild? During the interviews the participants raised some important issues. To have grandchildren with autism is not easy, but at least grandparents are willing to help anyway. The important is that an autistic child feels the presence of everyone.

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Barakat, Hadeer, Ali Foaad Bakr y Zeyad El-sayad. "Nature as a Healer for Autistic Children". International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 3, n.º 1 (31 de julio de 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v3iss1.277.

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According to estimates from the Center for Disease Control (CDC's) in 2008 and the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network in 2010, about 1 in 88 children had Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in 2008 and about 1 in 68 children had Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in (2010). The eighth Scientific Conference for Autism held by the College of Education in conjunction with the Egyptian Society for Hydration Capacities of Children with Special Needs revealed that 1 out of every 80 children in Egypt are suffering from autism and this number in Egypt was expected to rise from 2.3 million in 2001 to 2.9 million in 2017. The reason for many of autistic children’s symptoms is sensory integration; it is the power to understand, organize, and feel sensory data from the environment and body. The issues surrounding sensory integration are presented in hyposensitive and hypersensitive reactions by children with autism to the vestibular, proprioception, tactile, audio, visual, and olfactory senses. A great deal of research has been conducted on gardens and their effect on health outcomes and how a garden may provide benefit: 1. Relief from physical symptoms or awareness of those symptoms. 2. Stress reduction. 3. Improvement in overall sense of well-being. The aim of this paper is to establish a group of guidelines for designing a therapeutic garden for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to treat the sensory integration problems of children with ASD by designing a sensory garden which should focus on therapeutic interference. By using the elements and principles of design, the guidelines for this garden are focused on producing calming effects for hyper reactive children with ASD and stimulating effects for hypo reactions.

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Myhr, Gail. "Autism and other Pervasive Developmental Disorders: Exploring the Dimensional View". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 43, n.º 6 (agosto de 1998): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379804300607.

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Objective: To examine empirical data on children with autistic disorder (AD), Asperger's disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) for continuities or distinguishing features between disorders and to see to what extent the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria reflect observed data. Method: Studies were identified in 4 ways. 1) A Medline search from 1976 to the present of articles with the key words autism, pervasive developmental disorder, autistic spectrum disorder, and Asperger; of these articles, those with mesh headings or textwords “cluster,” which identified cluster analyses deriving pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) subtypes, were retained. 2) The Journal of Autistic and Developmental Disorders from 1990 to the present was hand-searched to identify other empirically derived studies on diagnosis, prevalence, classification, and validity of PDD subtypes. 3) Key review articles were searched for their references. 4) The references of all identified articles were searched. Results: Eight cluster studies were retained for their relevance to diagnostic issues, as were 7 empirically derived studies delineating clinical characteristics of children with AD, Asperger's syndrome, or PDD-NOS. Data suggest that children with PDD may fit into 1 of 2 overlapping groups, including a lower-functioning group with greater developmental compromise, social aloofness, and a greater number of autistic symptoms and a higher-functioning group with higher IQ, fewer autistic symptoms, and more prosocial behaviour. The PDD subtypes resemble each other and can be seen as existing on a continuum, differing only by degree of impairment. Conclusion: Children exhibiting the triad of autistic impairments can be seen as suffering from disorders on a PDD continuum. While the DSM-IV does identify a lower-functioning autistic group (AD), the higher-functioning group is less well served. Asperger's disorder as defined in the DSM-IV is not clearly distinguishable from AD and PDD-NOS, and the PDD-NOS subcategory is not operationalized. Further research is required to elaborate criteria for the higher-functioning PDD group, and measures related to etiology, outcome, and treatment response may help determine which diagnostic criteria can meaningfully separate one disorder from another.

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Soomro, Nareena y Safeeullah Soomro. "Autism Children’s App using PECS". Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing 2, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2018): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33166/aetic.2018.01.002.

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Since autistic children suffers from learning disabilities and communication barriers, this research aim to design, develop and evaluate an Android based mobile application (app) providing better learning environment with inclusion of graphical representation in a cost effective manner. This research evaluate various supporting technologies and finds Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) to be better choice for integrating with the app. Evaluation results reveal that the inclusion of PECS helped the children suffering from Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to better communicate with others. The study included autistic children who do not speak, who are unintelligible and who are minimally effective communicators with their present communication system. The evolution results showed encouraging impacts of the Autism App in supporting autistic children to adapt to normal life and improve the standard of their life.

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Lal D V, Sowmi Sri, Ambikapathy y Benjamin S. "PedsQL-4.0 in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL2 (1 de mayo de 2020): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl2.2192.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neuro developmental disorder in DSM-5, characterized by social deficits and communication difficulties, stereotyped or repetitive behaviours and interests, sensory issues, and in some cases, cognitive delays. Prevalence of ASD is ever increasing recently throughout the world. There aren’t enough studies which have considered the qualities of life (QoL) of Autistic children through there are many comparing the QoL of parents of children with ASD. Hence there is need for more research on the quality of life of autistic children. The diagnostic criteria for ASD are available in the revised text edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) of the American Psychiatric Association. This study assesses the Paediatric Quality of Life (PQOL) of ASD children, from a multidimensional perspective based on the Cross-sectional survey which considered Physiological function, emotional function, social function and school performance. This study aimed to evaluate the QoL of children with ASD aged 2–12 years. 98 autistic children (male: 69, female: 29; 2- 4 years old: 40, 5- 7 year old: 43, 8 - 12 years old: 15) and 100 normal children (control group) are brought into this study. The children satisfying the DSM-5 as ASD were subjected to assessment of their QoL with Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) questionnaire by their parents, compared with standard scores. Present study shows lower scores in the test group on the PedsQL4.0 universality Core scale in comparison with the control group. Behaviour issues had a negative effect on Community adaptation, mental health, a lower intelligence-related quality of life for children and clinically significant autistic symptoms in comparison with children with fewer symptoms. Results suggest greater impairment in adaptive functioning and emotional disorders. For mild-moderate ASD children, better development probably played a significant role in response to rehabilitation, to achieve and maintain the best level of overall outcome. The severity of the disorder and coping strategies in social settings were related to self-care ability and adaptation and intelligence. Hence pediatricians are must evaluate these children for early interventions and medications, if needed, and have QoL integrated in the overall care plan.

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Suhanjoyo, Shirly Nathania y Stella Sondang. "Terapi Seni bagi Anak Autis". PATRIA 2, n.º 2 (3 de septiembre de 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/patria.v2i2.2771.

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Special needs children are children who need special treatment due to disorder on physical and psychological growth functions. One example of this disorder is autism. Autism is a disorder that includes cognitive, emotional, behavioral and social areas. In fact, children with autism have potential that is often overlooked. Art can help deal with this problem by applying various techniques of art therapy such as cutting, sticking and painting with a variety of media materials, textures, colors and shapes. Autistic children will get a pleasant and calming experience and other positive benefits. The creativity program for autistic children under the Percik Insani Foundation is in the form of art training that focuses on exploration and expression of every autistic child in the hope of improving fine motor function, creativity, self-potential and self-confidence that can help children to grow better and live more independently.

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KACHMARYK, KHRYSTYNA. "Psychological peculiarities in children with the autistic spectrum disorder". Journal of Education Culture and Society 4, n.º 2 (8 de enero de 2020): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/162-171.

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The psychological peculiarities of symptom occurrence in children with autistic spec-trum disorder are outlined in this article. The views of different authors on this topic were analyzed and the direct correlation connections between the separate symptom occurren-ces were described in the article. A qualitative analysis of autistic disorder appearance in children with different levels of autism was conducted.

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Allen, Doris A. "Austistic Spectrum Disorders: Clinical Presentation in Preschool Children". Journal of Child Neurology 3, n.º 1_suppl (enero de 1988): S48—S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073888003001s10.

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It is well recognized that children with "autistic features" constitute a very heterogeneous population. There is a growing consensus that the core symptoms seen in autism include deficits in: (1) social/affective/behavioral functions, (2) developmental language disorders with concomitant deficits in interpersonal communication, and (3) play/preferred activities/ preoccupations which have a repetitive or stereotypic quality. The definition of the boundaries of "autism" as opposed to other related pervasive developmental disorders is widely debated among clinicians and research investigators alike. In the present paper, it is argued that autism is a cover term for a spectrum disorder with similarities and differences in the clinical presentation of preschool children. A model for subtyping the autistic spectrum disorders is suggested. (J Child Neurol 1988;3(Suppl):S48-S56).

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Ganesh, Kavya, Snekhalatha Umapathy y Palani Thanaraj Krishnan. "Deep learning techniques for automated detection of autism spectrum disorder based on thermal imaging". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 235, n.º 10 (9 de junio de 2021): 1113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544119211024778.

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Children with autism spectrum disorder have impairments in emotional processing which leads to the inability in recognizing facial expressions. Since emotion is a vital criterion for having fine socialisation, it is incredibly important for the autistic children to recognise emotions. In our study, we have chosen the facial skin temperature as a biomarker to measure emotions. To assess the facial skin temperature, the thermal imaging modality has been used in this study, since it has been recognised as a promising technique to evaluate emotional responses. The aim of this study was the following: (1) to compare the facial skin temperature of autistic and non-autistic children by using thermal imaging across various emotions; (2) to classify the thermal images obtained from the study using the customised convolutional neural network compared with the ResNet 50 network. Fifty autistic and fifty non-autistic participants were included for the study. Thermal imaging was used to obtain the temperature of specific facial regions such as the eyes, cheek, forehead and nose while we evoked emotions (Happiness, anger and sadness) in children using an audio-visual stimulus. Among the emotions considered, the emotion anger had the highest temperature difference between the autistic and non-autistic participants in the region’s eyes (1.9%), cheek (2.38%) and nose (12.6%). The accuracy obtained by classifying the thermal images of the autistic and non-autistic children using Customised Neural Network and ResNet 50 Network was 96% and 90% respectively. This computer aided diagnostic tool can be a predictable and a steadfast method in the diagnosis of the autistic individuals.

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Asi, Khaled Yousef. "Quality of Life among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Riyadh". International Research in Education 4, n.º 2 (9 de octubre de 2016): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ire.v4i2.9958.

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<p>The current study aimed to identify the level of quality of life among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and the differences according to the relationship with the autistic child, gender, severity of disability. The sample consisted of (100) parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, enrolled in the program of autism, intentionally selected in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Quality of life scale prepared and utilized by the author after verification of validity and reliability. The results showed that the level of quality of life among the participants was medium, and the results showed statistically significant differences in the level of quality of life among the participants due to the impact of the relationship with autistic children, where differences were in favor of the parents, and the variable of gender of the autistic child, where differences were in favor of the males, and severity of the disability, where the differences were in favor of the mild group. The study recommended the need to draw the attention of officials in the care and service centers for children with autism spectrum to provide training programs and activities for parents of autistic children to raise the level of quality of life, especially mothers.</p>

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Khoirunisa, Esdaniar, Ravik Karsidi y Munawir Yusuf. "The Role of Posyandu as Primary Health Care Services in Implementing Early Detection and Intervention for Autistic Children in Indonesia". International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i1.511.

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Autism is one of the most complex developmental disorder in children. In the developing country, Autism is a new paradigm, it causes various problems in autism service especially in early detection. It is caused by several factors that interconnected, such as the low understanding of society about autism, the low public awareness about the importance of early detection of autistic children, and the less prioritized attention from the government. Expanding the accessibility of autism services through primary health care is needed to overcome those problems. One of the primary health care most relatable to mother and children is the Maternal and Child Health Center, or in Indonesia it is called "Posyandu" which is an acronym means Integrated service post. The services in Posyandu is not run by professionals such doctor nor midwife. Posyandu is a service-based community and society handled by "posyandu cadres". The aim of this study is to find out how far the possibility of posyandu could provide services for autistic children. The subjects involved in this study were 120 posyandu cadres and 15 parents of autistic children. The research method used is a survey. The results show the following data: 92% of Posyandu cadres did not know how to do early detection of autistic children, 87% said they did not know how to handle autistic children, and 87% of Posyandu cadres felt they still need additional knowledge about autism. While 87% of parents feel that posyandu cadres are not involved in the early detection of their children. At the same time, 93% of parents still hope Posyandu could provide better services for their autistic children. This indicates that the primary health care has not fully played a role for autistic children yet, and there is a need to increase autism services access through posyandu cadres.

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Kukanov, A. A. y E. B. Fantalova. "Motivational and Personality Sphere in Mothers of Autist Children: North America and Western Europe". Psychological-Educational Studies 8, n.º 1 (2016): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2016080112.

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Over the past decade the number of children under the age of three years, who were diagnosed with autism or autistic spectrum disorder is rapidly increasing in the countries of North America and Western Europe. Researchers noted a sharp deterioration in the psychological and physical health of mothers of autistic children, resulting in the high levels of stress, depression and anxiety disorders, emotional burnout. Therefore, authors of this article give a review of scientific theses and papers published over the past 15 years devoted to the study of specific features of the mental state in mothers of children with a diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (autism), published in North America (US and Canada) and Western Europe (United Kingdom, Netherlands, Sweden, etc.) We also highlighted a number of factors contributing to the negative emotional state of mothers and compensatory resources to help them to coping with the situation.

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Algahtani, Faris. "Intervention Programs for Developing Play Skills in Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder to Foster Interaction". Global Journal of Health Science 10, n.º 5 (19 de marzo de 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n5p26.

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Autistic spectrum disorder has gained attention in terms of developing therapies and support to enhance the developmental and social attributes of children. The aim of this study is to assess the favourable influence of play therapies among autistic children. An observational analysis has been conducted in a local rehabilitation centre. A class of 250 autistic children, aged between 4 to 5 years, was evaluated. Pre and post analysis for common indications of autism were made with regard to the play therapy. The symptoms, concerning behavioural aspects, were recorded on a simple checklist. The study did not provide any concrete relevancy of being effective for play therapy among the autistic children. The study showed that interventions based on play skills are recognized as imperative approach to develop social associations among children. The developmental approaches of autistic children differ from normal children, as they require different facilities and special attention.

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Sah, Vijay Kumar, Hem Sagar Rimal y Archana Rimal. "Intelligence Quotient Levels and Sub Tests Comparison in Autistic Children". Journal of Nobel Medical College 5, n.º 1 (23 de septiembre de 2016): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v5i1.15747.

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Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are disorders of neurodevelopmental origin characterized by social reciprocity deficits, communication deficits, and unusual restricted and repetitive behaviors. In some of these people, measured IQ (Intelligence Quotient) can be normal or even superior or low.Material and Methods This is a Retrospective study in autistic children. We have analyzed with autistic disorder, 47 patients had savant skills and 1 patients of MR (Mental Retardation) had savant skills. China- Wechsler Young Children Scale of Intelligence (C-WYCSI) and China-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(C-WISC) were used for calculating IQ levels in different age groups.Results Asperger’s syndrome (AS) children had higher verbal IQ (VIQ) and full scale IQ (FSIQ) compared to autism and high functional autism (HFA) children with statistical difference. Autism children had lower VIQ, performance IQ and FSIQ compared to HFA and AS children with statistical significance. AS children had higher values in C-WISC and CWYCSI compared to autism children.Conclusion Children with Asperger’s syndrome have higher full IQ and Sub test IQ compared with autism and HFA children.Journal of Nobel Medical College Volume 5, Number 1, Issue 8, January-July 2016, 9-13

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Meguid, Nagwa, Mona Anwar, Safaa Zaki, Wafaa Kandeel, Nihad Ahmed y Ihab Tewfik. "Dietary Patterns of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Study Based in Egypt". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 3, n.º 2 (7 de mayo de 2015): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.051.

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AIM: In the hope to assist in tailoring individualized nutritional therapy, this study aimed to assess the nutritional status of autistic children.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 80 autistic children, divided into two groups: group 1 (aged 3- 5 years) and group 2 (aged 6-9 years). Diagnosis was performed based on the criteria for autistic disorder as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised and Autism Rating Scale.RESULTS: Socio-demographic data, anthropometric measurements and dietary intake patterns were recorded using a validated questionnaire. The daily intakes of calories and nutrients were converted to percentages of the Recommended Dietary Allowance or Dietary Reference Intake based on age- and gender-normalized DRIs. Plotting on the Egyptian sex-specific growth chart, BMI-z scores of both age groups were slightly overweight. Autistic children suffered inadequate intake of some micronutrients such as vitamin D and C, calcium, folate, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, and iron, some deficiencies were highly significant especially at older age.CONCLUSIONS: Tailoring a specially designed balanced diet with appropriate micronutrient supplementation may ameliorate the severity of autism symptoms and related abnormal behaviours.

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Magalhães, Juliana Macêdo, Francisca Susyane Viana Lima, Francisca Rosa De Oliveira Silva, Ana Beatriz Mendes Rodrigues y Adriana Vasconcelos Gomes. "Assistência de enfermagem à criança autista: revisão integrativa". Enfermería Global 19, n.º 2 (15 de marzo de 2020): 531–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.356741.

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Introducción: El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) configura un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que compromete la interacción social, comunicación y comportamiento, identificado generalmente, en el niño preescolar. Los profesionales de enfermería deben realizar el manejo y acompañamiento del niño autista.Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias científicas sobre la asistencia de Enfermería al niño autista.Metodología: Revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en la base de datos: CINAHL, Web of Science e LILACS, se utilizó como descriptores: Nursing Care/Cuidados de Enfermagem”, “Child/Criança”, “Child, Preschool/Pré-escolar”, “Autism Disorder/Transtorno Autístico” y “Autism Spectrum Disorder/Transtorno do Espectro Autista”. Se incluyeron artículos publicados entre el período de 2013 a 2017 en portugués, español e inglés.Resultados: Los artículos incluidos fueron presentados en cuadro sinóptico y el análisis de los resultados fue realizado de forma descriptiva presentando la síntesis de los estudios por medio de comparaciones y destaque de diferencias y / o semejanzas. Se identificó que es fundamental que la enfermería tenga empatía, visión holística y conocimiento para realizar asistencia singular y de calidad para el niño y la familia.Conclusión: La enfermería utiliza la empatía, visión holística y diferentes estrategias para el cuidado del niño autista, sin embargo, los profesionales refieren dificultades en la práctica clínica. Las publicaciones sobre la temática son escasas siendo necesario el desarrollo de investigaciones clínicas. Introduction: The Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) configures a neurodevelopmental disorder that involves social interaction, communication and behavior identified generally in pre-school children. The nursing professionals must perform the management and monitoring of the autistic child.Objective: To examine the scientific evidence about nursing care to the autistic child.Methodology: An integrative review of the literature, held in databases: CINAHL, Web of Science and LILACS databases using the search terms: “Nursing Care”, “Child”, “Child, Preschool”, “Autistic Disorder” and “Autism Spectrum Disorder”. There were included articles published between the period of 2013 to 2017 in Portuguese, Spanish and English.Resulted: The articles included were presented in summary table and the analysis of the results was performed descriptively presenting the synthesis of studies through comparisons and highlight of differences and/or similarities. It was identified that is basic to nursing to have empathy, holistic vision and knowledge to perform singular assistance and of quality for the child and family.Conclusion: Nursing uses the empathy, holistic view and different strategies for the care to the autistic child; however, the professionals refer difficulties in clinical practice. The publications on the subject are scarce being necessary the development of clinical research.

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Ebert, Michele, Elisiane Lorenzini y Eveline Franco da Silva. "Mothers of children with autistic disorder: perceptions and trajectories". Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem 36, n.º 1 (marzo de 2015): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2015.01.43623.

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Childhood autism is characterized by severe and global impairment in several areas of human development and demands extensive care and dependence on the parents. The objective of this study was to understand the perceptions of mothers of children with autism regarding changes suffered by the child and their trajectories in search of an autism diagnosis. This is an exploratory descriptive study with a qualitative approach conducted with ten participant mothers. Data were collected in 2013 by means of semi-structured interviews. Thematic content analysis produced the following categories: perceptions of mothers as to changes in behaviour and/or development of their children; and trajectories of mothers in search of a diagnosis for their children. After the perception of changes in behaviour/development, mothers face an arduous trajectory of healthcare service utilization.

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Kapinos-Gorczyca, A., P. Gorczyca y M. Kapinos. "Dysmorphic Features and Development of Children with Infantile Autism". European Psychiatry 24, S1 (enero de 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71163-0.

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Childhood autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impairments in social interactions, verbal and non-verbal communication and a pattern of stereotypical behaviours and interests. Contemporary studies show significant genetic and neurobiological factors in autism. Numerous authors described certain dysmorphic features, commonly occurring separately in autistic persons. These features are considered to be the potential indicator of early neurodevelopmental disorders.The aim of the study was to establish the dysmorphic features of the face in a group of autistic children and to compare the results to normal controls.We examined 30 children with childhood autism and 30 healthy controls.Criteria DSM-IV and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) were used in diagnosis. The photoanthropometric method followed the protocol established by Stengel-Rutkowski et al.Statistical analysis was conducted with the use of ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis and U Mann Whitney tests, correlation analysis was made using χ2; test and Spearmann index. A level of p< 0,05 was accepted as statistically significant.Dysmorphies of the ear as well as nose were found in the group of autistic children in comparison with the controls. In the examined group there was the correlation between the amount of dysmorphies and the presence of some somatic disorders in the first-degree relatives. The presence of these disorders showed also the connection with the scores in Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Besides there was a relationship between the amount of dysmorphies and the motor development of autistic children. The greater number of dysmorphies had a connection with delayed motor development and poor motor coordination.

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Mickevičienė, Elena, Liuda Šinkariova y Aidas Perminas. "VAIKŲ, TURINČIŲ AUTIZMO SINDROMĄ, TĖVŲ IR MOTINŲ DEPRESYVUMAS". Psichologija 39 (1 de enero de 2009): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2009.0.2597.

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Straipsnyje pateikiami abiejų tėvų, kurie augina vaiką, turintį autizmo sindromą, ir kontrolinės grupės tėvų, auginančių normalios raidos vaiką, depresyvumo ypatumai. Analizuodami depresyvumą, kalbame apie tam tikrą ikiklinikinių nuotaikos būsenų intensyvumą, pasireiškiantį liūdesiu, pesimizmu ir aktyvumo sumažėjimu.Tyrimo tikslas – palyginti tėvų ir motinų, auginančių vaikus, kuriems diagnozuotas autizmas, depresyvumo raiškos skirtumus atsižvelgiant į socialinius demografinius veiksnius. Tyrime dalyvavo motinos ir tėvai, auginantys vaikus, turinčius autizmo sindromą. Kontrolinė grupė atrinkta atitinkamai pagal autizmo sindromą turinčio vaiko ir jo tėvų lytį bei amžių – tai motinos ir tėvai, auginantys normalios raidos vaikus. Tyrime depresyvumo lygiui įvertinti buvo naudojama Zungo depresijos (Zung-SRD) skalė. Papildomai buvo pateikiami klausimai apie socialinius demografinius veiksnius: tiriamojo amžių, išsilavinimą, užimtumą, šeimos sudėtį bei vaiko, kuriam diagnozuotas autizmas, amžių, lytį, užimtumą, autizmo sutrikimo sunkumo laipsnį.Buvo nustatyta, kad šeimoje, auginančioje vaiką, kuriam būdingas autizmo sindromas, motinų ir tėvų depresyvumas pasireiškia vienodai. Tėvų ir motinų, auginančių autizmo sindromą turintį vaiką, depresyvumas yra didesnis nei normalios raidos vaiko tėvų ir motinų. Abiejų tėvų, auginančių vaiką, kuriam būdingas autizmo sindromas, depresyvumas nėra susijęs su amžiumi ir išsilavinimu. Autizmo sindromą turinčio vaiko amžius skirtingai siejasi su abiejų tėvų depresyvumo lygiu: tėvų depresyvumas didesnis, kai autizmo sindromą turintis vaikas yra 8–11 metų, o motinų depresyvumas didesnis šį sutrikimą turinčio vaiko paauglystės laikotarpiu (12–18 m.).Pagrindiniai žodžiai: vaikai, turintys autizmo sindromą, tėvas, motina, depresyvumas.Depression in fathers and mothers of children with autism spectrum disorderElena Mickevičienė, Liuda Šinkariova, Aidas Perminas SummaryParenting a child with autism spectrum disorder is stressful for many reasons: difficulty with diagnosis, lack of information about autism and its treatment, deficit of social support, etc. It is impossible to review all the problems experienced by parents, so our study focused on depression in both parents of an autistic child.The purpose of this work was to compare depression in fathers and mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and to compare our findings with results of the control group, i.e. parents of a normally developing child. Depression in our study indicates the intensity of the preclinical state of mind, manifested by sadness, pessimism and a decrease of activity.120 persons participated in the study, 72 (60%) of them being mothers and 48 (40%) fathers of autistic children raging from 3 to 18 years of age. Control group consisted of 69 mothers (57.5%) and 51 fathers (42.5%) of normally developing children of the same age, selected in accordance with the gender and age of autistic children as well as the gender and age of their parents. The age of the participants ranged from 25 to 60 years (mean 39, SD 6.55).For evaluation of depression, we employed Cung’s depression scale. Additional questions on social-demographic factors were also included: age, education and employment status of participants; family composition; age and gender of child with diagnosed autism and occupation.The results showed that depression in mothers and fathers with autistic children did not differ. Both parents of an autistic child had a higher depression than both parents of normally developing children (p = 0,001). The age and education of parents with autistic children did not correlate with depression. The age of the autistic child correlated with depression of both parents differently: when an autistic child was 3–7 years old, depression in fathers and mothers did not differ; when an autistic child was 8–11 years old, depression in fathers was higher than in mothers; during adolescence of an autistic child, the difference of depression persised, but its direction was opposite, mothers showing a higher depression than fathers.There are several limitations to this study. We should note that the sample does not represent the population of families with autistic children. Also, Cung’s depression scale might not be the best scale to evaluate depression in these families. Another limitation is that we did not consider all circumstances, such as marital status, gender of children, occupation of parents and children, individual characteristics, social support and the degree of severity of autism. Findings of this study require further researche. However, the results indicate that parents of an autistic child need special understanding and support.Keywords: autistic child, mother, father, depression.

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Hansson, Sara Lina, Annika Svanströmröjvall, Maria Rastam, Carina Gillberg, Christopher Gillberg y Henrik Anckarsäter. "Psychiatric telephone interview with parents for screening of childhood autism – tics, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and other comorbidities (A-TAC)". British Journal of Psychiatry 187, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2005): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.3.262.

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BackgroundReliable, valid and easily administered screening instruments would greatly facilitate large-scale neuropsychiatric research.AimsTo test a parent telephone interview focused on autism-tics, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other comorbidities (A-TAC).MethodParents of 84 children in contact with a child neuropsychiatric clinic and 27 control children were interviewed. Validity and interrater and test–retest reliability were assessed.ResultsInterrater and test–retest reliability were very good. Areas under receiver operating characteristics curves between interview scores and clinical diagnoses were around 0. 90 for ADHD and autistic spectrum disorders, and above 0. 70 for tics, learning disorders and developmental coordination disorder. Using optimal cut-off scores for autistic spectrum disorder and ADHD, good to excellent kappa levels for interviews and clinical diagnoses were noted.ConclusionsThe A–TAC appears to be a reliable and valid instrument for identifying autistic spectrum disorder, ADHD, tics, learning disorders and developmental coordination disorder.

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Nurhakim, Nurhakim, Frisma Handayanna y Rinawati Rinawati. "Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Autisme Pada Anak Berbasis Android". J-SAKTI (Jurnal Sains Komputer dan Informatika) 1, n.º 2 (27 de septiembre de 2017): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/j-sakti.v1i2.38.

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Autism is a developmental disorder in children that causes child is difficult do communicte and interact socially. An expert system identification and treatment of autistic children based on android has not been widely applied, ussually only done manually based on the identification of a Psychologist assessment. Identification expert system is expected to assist in the identification of children with autism are much faster and accurate approach using data from Psychologists and special needs teachers. Knowledge in the expert system is represented in the form of rules and methods of reasoning and used method of trace forward chaining. Output on a system such as whether Three si The possibility of autism in child based on facts bor symptoms given to the system. The test results shaw that the system of identification Ana treatment of autistic children to help in the identification of children with autism and provide general description of the autistic child. In addition, there is also general information on children with autism and theirs methods of theraphy for children with autism in accordance with the conditions of the child.

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Iswari, Mega, Kasiyati Kasiyati, Zulmiyetri Zulmiyetri y Yarmis Hasan. "Training Increases Understanding of Teachers and Parents About Healthy Food for Children with Autism". Jurnal Aplikasi IPTEK Indonesia 3, n.º 3 (8 de febrero de 2019): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/4.1296.

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Autism is a developmental disorder in the brain characterized by the appearance of 3 repetitive, restrictive, stereotypical and obsessive behaviors. Even though there is no definite cause for autism, but some parts of the brain such as the amygdala, hippocampus, limbic system, cerebellum and the cerebral cortex experiences developmental histochemical to anatomic disorders. Until now there are no drugs to cure autism. However, if a child is on a food type diet specifically that discipline can really reduce to his autism. Especially for those who have good intelligence, then they are able to follow the level of education to college. This training activity was attended by all teachers in the Mandiri Character School which was attended by parents of students. This activity was considered successful because parents and teachers were enthusiastic in attending this event. Parents have a high curiosity to regulate a balanced diet for autistic children. Parents and teachers feel this activity is very useful in providing educational services for children with autism, because autistic children must follow a diet program to reduce the child's autism. Therefore, managing a balanced diet is very important for the success of the therapy and the learning process. Thus this activity is very beneficial for parents and teachers in providing services for children with autism. It is expected that parents at home can regulate healthy food patterns for autistic children, while teachers in schools can pay attention to the types of foods that autistic children may and may not consume.

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Muris, Peter, Pim Steerneman y Harald Merckelbach. "Difficulties in the Understanding of False Belief: Specific to Autism and other Pervasive Developmental Disorders?" Psychological Reports 82, n.º 1 (febrero de 1998): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.1.51.

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The present study examined the performance on a false belief task of atypical autistic children, i.e., children with a pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified ( n = 50), socially immature children (n = 50), and normal children ( n = 50). Children were shown a chocolate box and its unexpected content, i.e., a pencil, and then required to indicate what a friend would say about the content of the box. Results can be summarized: (1) over-all, 3-year-old children performed less well than children of 6 years. (2) Responses of 3-year-old atypical autistic and socially immature children did not differ significantly from those of normal children of the same age. (3) At age 6, normal children performed better than atypical autistic and socially immature children. (4) In general, no differences in performance between atypical autistic and socially immature children were found, and (5) their performance was linked to intelligence. The results support prior findings that atypical autistic children find it difficult to understand false beliefs; however, this difficulty does not seem to be specific for (atypical) autism, but might be a common feature of social immaturity in general.

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41

Hussain, Azham, Emmanuel O. C. Mkpojiogu y Pauline Chiamaka Okoroafor. "Assisting Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder with Educational Mobile Apps to Acquire Language and Communication Skills: A Review". International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 15, n.º 06 (30 de marzo de 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i06.20621.

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This systematic literature review was set out to review available literature on autism spectrum disorder and educational mobile apps with the aim of investigating available educational mobile app and how teachers can utilize these apps in assisting autistic children in acquiring language and communication skills. In order to achieve the aim of the study, the researchers employed a systematic method of investigation. Fifty papers in the areas of autism, educational apps and teaching method for autistic children were downloaded. Twenty-six were carefully selected because of their relevance to the study. The papers were analyzed and the result showed that there are available educational apps that are effective in helping autistic children in acquiring language and communication skills.

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42

Safa, Farhana y Md Nazrul Islam. "Health related quality of life in children with autism spectrum disorder in Bangladesh". IMC Journal of Medical Science 11, n.º 2 (4 de julio de 2017): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcjms.v11i2.33093.

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Background and objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered as an emerging problem in our socioeconomic context. The objectives of this study were to compare the health related quality of life of children with autism spectrum disorder to that of typically developing peers.Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was conducted on autistic children and normal children in six centers of Dhaka city to see the health related quality of life from parents perspective by using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL scale). Total of 115 children within the age group of 8-12 years were selected, among them 57 were autistic and 58 were normal peers.Results: Children with autism spectrum disorder had poor physical (mean score 6.04), emotional (mean score 9.77) and social (mean score 14.51) functions as well as learning ability (mean score 8.12) whereas normal childrens functioning mean scores were 0.10, 1.79, 0.0 and 0.45 in respective domains and the differences were significant (p<.0001) in each aspect of quality of life.Conclusion: This study revealed that, children with autism spectrum disorder experienced poorer health-related quality of life than normal children and thus the findings would contribute in implementing different strategies for improving the health status of autistic children.IMC J Med Sci 2017; 11(2): 40-44

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43

Keen, Deb, Dawn Adams, Kate Simpson, Jacquiline den Houting y Jacqueline Roberts. "Anxiety-related symptomatology in young children on the autism spectrum". Autism 23, n.º 2 (5 de diciembre de 2017): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317734692.

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Anxiety symptomatology is frequently reported in autistic children, and the prevalence of anxiety disorder is estimated at around 40%. However, most studies have focused upon children of age 8 years or above, so little is known about early signs of anxiety in younger children with autism. This study sought to describe anxiety-related symptomatology in 95 5- to 6-year-old autistic children using the Anxiety Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Wide variability was found in levels of symptomatology with the most frequently reported items within the ‘uncertainty’ subscale and the least frequently reported items in the ‘anxious arousal’ subscale. Comparisons of those with scores less than or greater than 70 on adaptive behaviour suggests some influence of ability on presentation of anxiety-related symptomatology.

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44

Priyadharshini, S. y K. Sivaranjani. "Investigating and Statistical Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Survey". International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, n.º 7 (29 de julio de 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v7i7.89.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the third most usually found developing disorder and occurs across cultures and socio-economic strata. Autism Spectrum Disorders profoundly affects an individual’s capacities for learning language, social interaction and imaginative faculties. It is well documented that the majority of persons with autism spectrum disorder do not receive a basic education. The biggest problem of autistic children is they do not aggressively search for information or strengthening from the social environment to the same extent as others. There are many testes focused attention on autistic children and discovery difference in the responses of children with and without autism spectrum disorder in this research makes it an ideal test case for a computational model of autism. It aims to analyze the autism spectrum disorder affected child and identify the activities to be carried out for those children were mentioned through this work. There is an insistent need to create and empower a unit of explained, trained employees to address the instructive needs of persons with the implementation of Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) disability particularly complex, little unwritten ones like Autism spectrum disorder were analyzed better and the performance of the proposed system provides more efficiency.

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45

Kawabe, Kentaro, Fumie Horiuchi, Yasunori Oka y Shu-ichi Ueno. "The Melatonin Receptor Agonist Ramelteon Effectively Treats Insomnia and Behavioral Symptoms in Autistic Disorder". Case Reports in Psychiatry 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/561071.

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Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), including autistic disorder, frequently suffer from comorbid sleep problems. An altered melatonin rhythm is considered to underlie the impairment in sleep onset and maintenance in ASD. We report three cases with autistic disorder in whom nocturnal symptoms improved with ramelteon, a selective melatonin receptor agonist. Insomnia and behavior, assessed using the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale, improved in two cases with 2 mg ramelteon and in the third case with 8 mg ramelteon. Our findings demonstrate that ramelteon is effective not only for insomnia, but for behavioral problems as well, in patients with autistic disorder.

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46

Ghodsi, Ramin y Sorayya Kheirouri. "Positive Association Between Plasma Levels of Advanced Glycation and Precursor of Lipoxidation end Products with Gastrointestinal Problems in Children with Autism". Current Pediatric Reviews 15, n.º 3 (9 de diciembre de 2019): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573396315666190628141333.

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Background: Increased oxidative stress has been reported in autistic patients besides, evidence linking oxidative stress to enhancement of advanced glycation and lipoxidation end products (AGEs and ALEs) and their precursors. Objective: This study aimed to compare the plasma levels of the AGEs and precursors of ALEs in autistic and healthy children and to evaluate their relationship with autism comorbidities. Methods: In this descriptive study, 54 children, 36 autistic and 18 healthy participated. Plasma levels of AGEs and precursors of ALEs were measured by ELISA method. Severity of autism and Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders were measured by GARSII questionnaire and QPGS-ROME III questionnaire, respectively. Results: Plasma levels of AGEs and precursors of ALEs in autistic children were comparable with healthy children. Plasma levels of AGEs and precursor of ALEs were correlated with physical activity and GI disorders in autistic children. A strong association was also found between AGEs and precursors of ALEs. Conclusions: The results indicate that AGEs and ALEs have a strong correlation together but the AGEs and precursor of ALEs in autistic children are not different from healthy children.

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47

Islam, Md Shariful, Fatema Kanak, Md Asif Iqbal, Kazi Faheema Islam, Abdullah Al-Mamun y Md Sahab Uddin. "Analyzing the Status of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Amid Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Bangladesh". Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, n.º 2 (8 de abril de 2018): 689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1422.

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a collection of conditions characterized by stereo typed behaviors and narrow interests and pervasive problems with communication and social interactions. Globally, researchers are working on identifying the root cause and management of ASD. Although research on autism is at nascent stage in Bangladesh but in terms of social epidemicity, it is currently an utmost important issue. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of age, sex, birth weight, mother’s pregnancy duration, pregnancy time complicacy and genetic linkage on autism. The study also related, the socio-economic status of the autistic children and satisfaction of parent on government response in this issue. The study was conducted on 50 patients in 2 Autistic Schools (Bangladesh Protibondhi Foundation and Autistic Children Welfare Foundation, Bangladesh) of the Dhaka City from June 2010 to December 2010. Study related data were collected through a predesigned questionnaire In our study out of 50 children with autism 86% were male and 24% were in the age range between 73to 84 months. About 84% children with autism were lived in urban area and about 52% were belonging at the upper middle class. The main signs and symptoms observed, was prefer to play alone (i.e. 74%). Moreover 60% children with autism talks later than age 2 and 58% had poor eye contact. During our study we have observed that 14% children were linked by heredity and 10% have siblings with same problem. Rett syndrome (i.e. 40%) and autistic disorder (i.e., 32%) were more commonly observed. From the prescription, the study revealed, physicians diagnosed speech delay in 32% patient and 8% were diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. For treatment physicians mainly prescribes vitamins (i.e. 50%), antiepileptic drugs (i.e. 12%), and antipsychotic drugs (i.e. 4%). Besides most of the children were treated with physical and occupational therapy but no objection was found with vaccine. During our study we had observed that, 82% parents were not satisfied by the steps taken by the government yet. This study observed that, apart from alarming increase rate of autism in Dhaka City, modern diagnosis and medication facilities as well as therapies are deficit. Therefore, the new born babies and upcoming parents are at great risk due to insufficiency of awareness. So proper awareness programs and more facilities for autistic children should be introduced by both government and non-government sectors.

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48

Alhosaini, Khaled, Mushtaq A. Ansari, Ahmed Nadeem, Sabry M. Attia, Saleh A. Bakheet, Laila Y. Al-Ayadhi, Hafiz M. Mahmood, Haneen A. Al-Mazroua y Sheikh F. Ahmad. "Dysregulation of Ki-67 Expression in T Cells of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder". Children 8, n.º 2 (6 de febrero de 2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020116.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by behavioral abnormalities such as impairments in social function and deficits in communication. The etiology of autism is unknown in most cases, but many studies have pointed towards the immune system as a causative agent in autism. Specific studies implicated lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, cytokines, and specific transcription factors in the development of ASD. The protein Ki-67 is n expressed in the proliferating cells and is used as a tool in several disorders. Ki-67 plays a crucial role in many neurological diseases. However, Ki-67 role in ASD is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the possible role of Ki-67 expression in autistic children. We compared Ki-67 production in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CXCR4+, CXCR7+, CD45R+, HLA-DR+, GATA3+, Helios+, and FOXP3+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in autistic children to typically developing (TD) controls using immunofluorescence staining. We also determined Ki-67 mRNA levels in PBMCs using RT–PCR. The results revealed that autistic children had significantly increased numbers of CD3+Ki-67+, CD4+Ki-67+, CD8+Ki-67+, CXCR4+Ki-67+, CXCR7+Ki-67+, CD45R+Ki-67+, HLA-DR+Ki-67+, CXCR4+GATA3+, GATA3+Ki-67+ cells and decreased Helios+Ki-67+ and FOXP3+Ki-67+ cells compared with TD controls. In addition, the autistic children showed upregulation of Ki-67 mRNA levels compared with TD controls. Further studies need to be carried out to assess the exact role of Ki-67 and its therapeutic potential in ASD.

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Sener, Elif Funda, Didem Behice Oztop y Yusuf Ozkul. "MTHFR Gene C677T Polymorphism in Autism Spectrum Disorders". Genetics Research International 2014 (6 de noviembre de 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/698574.

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Aim. Autism is a subgroup of autism spectrum disorders, classified as a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder and symptoms occur in the first three years of life. The etiology of autism is largely unknown, but it has been accepted that genetic and environmental factors may both be responsible for the disease. Recent studies have revealed that the genes involved in the folate/homocysteine pathway may be risk factors for autistic children. In particular, C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene as a possible risk factor for autism is still controversial. We aimed to investigate the possible effect of C677T polymorphism in a Turkish cohort. Methods. Autism patients were diagnosed by child psychiatrists according to DSM-IV and DSM-V criteria. A total of 98 children diagnosed as autistic and 70 age and sex-matched children who are nonautistic were tested for C677T polymorphism. This polymorphism was studied by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Results. MTHFR 677T-allele frequency was found to be higher in autistic children compared with nonautistic children (29% versus 24%), but it was not found statistically significant. Conclusions. We conclude that other MTHFR polymorphisms such as A1298C or other folate/homocysteine pathway genes may be studied to show their possible role in autism.

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Athbah, Saad Yahya. "The effect of psychological stress on academic achievement among siblings of autistic children spectrum disorder". Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 16, n.º 4 (31 de agosto de 2021): 1776–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i4.6040.

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The current study aims to identify the impact of psychological stress among siblings of autistic children on their academic achievement, as well as identifying differences in the level of their academic achievement according to the variables of the normal brother: gender, age, educational level, and the variables of the autistic siblings: gender and age of autistic children in Jeddah. The quantitative approach was followed, depending on the questionnaire. The results revealed that the level of psychological stress and academic achievement were moderate. The results also showed that there were no significant differences due to the variable gender of the respondent, the gender of the autistic child, the age of the autistic children, the educational level, and the age of the sibling in relation to academic achievement. The results also showed that no relationship between psychological stress and academic achievement. Keywords: psychological stress, academic achievement, siblings, autism spectrum disorder

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