Tesis sobre el tema "Babel"

babel is a collection of nonfiction essays in which I explore a female twenty-something’s crossdimensional dilemma of spirituality, racism, art, and love in the wake of Bible-belt hipsterdom. I board the train that is human pride, that great metal snake by which we essayists craft our lives, and measure out my stories by cities and coffeespoons—dotted with dark roast, preferably. The train of my collection glides through the first ‘burg and its Godlike aspirations, Babel; travels a ways to Virginia, specifically Jerry Falwell’s Liberty University and Prince Edward County, which was the hotbed of the Civil Rights in Education Movement; says hello to Bowling Green; and emerges a world away, in a mosaic of people on cow-peppered Indian streets. This master’s thesis—as a tangible fixture of my own words in a realm where greater folks have preceded me and still fallen (far and hard as Icarus)—is prideful, exploratory, and ultimately human. The titular pun may be taken more or less seriously. Hear the train whistle. It is our attempts at the Divine, a nexus of journeys and somehow in itself too a destination.

Relatório de Estágio apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Edição de Texto
O relatório de estágio realizado na editora Babel tem por finalidade apresentar a história da editora, descrever todas as atividades realizadas no decorrer do estágio e apontar alguns problemas evidenciados durante o mesmo. Das tarefas executadas destacam-se: a revisão de texto, nomeadamente da obra Carta sobre o Humanismo de Martin Heidegger, e Caixa para pensar, de Manuel Carmo; e a transcrição e revisão de várias entrevistas do autor e professor Jorge de Sena; e por fim, o trabalho na livraria da editora, desde da sua organização até à venda de livros ao público.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.
Liturgical drama for vocal soloists (TBarB), chorus (SATB), children's chorus, and chamber orchestra. Text adapted from Thomas Merton's play The Tower of Babel : a morailty. Text printed as words: leaves 129-134. Includes vita and abstract. Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

This thesis deals with the simulation of a Babel routing protocol. The goal is to create implementation of simulation model for OMNeT++ simulator. The text includes a description of the protocol and basic principles of computer network simulation in OMNeT++ environment using an INET library. Furthermore, the text discussed existing implementations and submits a proposal of a simulation model, followed by description of its implementation. Finally, the correctness of created model is verified.

CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Sistemas de software normalmente são descritos por sua arquitetura. Esta descrição fornece uma visão abstrata, demonstrando como o sistema é composto por módulos e interações entre estes módulos. Usando-se a arquitetura como uma especificação executável do sistema, consegue-se maior compromisso entre os requisitos do sistema e sua implementação. Tal compromisso simplifica o desenvolvimento e manutenção de sistemas complexos. Este trabalho define conceitos úteis para a construção, execução e gerenciamento de aplicações distribuídas, usando especificações arquiteturais. A metodologia apresentada distingue a construção de módulos através de programação, da efetiva construção da aplicação, através de configuração (ou especificação da arquitetura). Desta forma, pode-se adotar soluções específicas (e.g. linguagens e metodologias) para módulos particulares, mantendo-se o encapsulamento necessário para seu uso de forma transparente. Para validar os conceitos e permitir sua aplicação em um ambiente de execução real, foi criada uma Linguagem de Configuração chamada BABEL. No decorrer da dissertação, são apresentados os conceitos envolvidos e BABEL. Com o suporte do ambiente RIO, BABEL oferece simplicidade, transparência e flexibilidade para a construção de aplicações distribuídas complexas, possuindo conceitos básicos que viabilizam a elaboração de mecanismos avançados como contratos, herança e polimorfismo. Adicionalmente, são demonstradas experiências decorrentes da implementação de um Interpretador e um Servidor de Nomes para a linguagem. Finalmente, os conhecimentos obtidos com esta pesquisa são apresentados, sugerindo-se trabalhos futuros para continuidade do projeto BABEL.
Software systems are usually described from their architecture. This description provides an abstract vision showing how the system is composed with modules and module interactions. Consistency between the system requirements and implementation may be achieved by using the architecture as a system executable specification. This guarantee of consistency simplifies the development and maintenance of complex systems. This study defines concepts useful to distributed application contructions, execution and management. The presented methodology distinguishes the builiding of modules, throught programming, from the effective application buiding through configuration (or architectural specification). Thus, specific solutions (e.g languages and methodologies) may be adopted for particular modules, preserving the necessary encapsulation for transparent use. A Configuration Language called BABEL was developed to validate these the concepts and apply them in a real execution environment. In the dissertation BABEL ans its related concepts are presented. Along with RIO Environment support, BABEL offers simplicity, transparency and flexibility for complex distributed application construction. It has concepts that allow advanced mechanisms such as contracts, inheritance and polymorphism. Additionally, a language Interpreter and a Name Server implementation for BABEL are presented. Finally, the knowledge gained from this study is presented, along with recommendations for future directions for the BABEL project.

This thesis will examine intensively “The Tower of Babel: A Morality” a significant work of Thomas Merton, a major spiritual writer of the 20th Century, entitled. In order to explore this play three other works which impacted significantly on the development of the drama will also be examined. These three works are: A poem also called “Tower of Babel”; a second poem entitled “A Responsory” and a musical work titled “The Tower of Babel: An Oratorio”. Even though Victor Kramer, a Merton scholar, noted the significance of the Morality, the existing literature has all but ignored the impact of “The Oratorio” and the drama. Until this author requested a copy of “The Oratorio” from the Merton Centre in Louisville, Kentucky the work had been known by name only and had never been analysed. Yet this work was a major development from the poem “A Responsory” and led to the creation of the Morality Play. This work argues that “A Morality” was pivotal in contributing to personal and spiritual change in Merton as well as developing a greater depth of social understanding in him. It will also argue that the work contained the seeds of future Merton writings. Writing the drama moved Merton towards a contemplative maturity based on communion not simply community. While many studies have alluded to the play none of them have studied it with this particular focus. This new focus is the discovery of the ways Merton attempted to resolve the dilemma he experienced between the paths of monk and poet and how, in doing so, he created for spiritual seekers a fresh inner significance for the Babel story. This work is opening up new ground for an understanding of the importance of Merton’s insights in the contemporary world. The methods used in this thesis are: 1. Contextualising, that is establishing the historical, social, spiritual and literary framework in which the poems and plays were written, and 2. Literary analysis. Part A of the thesis examines the monastic, spiritual, social, literary and academic contexts which brought Merton to the moment of writing the Morality. Part B is organised chronologically and is an intensive analysis of the poems, the Oratorio and the Morality Play. Part C identifies the seeds of future growth contained within the Morality play and points to some of the directions in which these seeds developed in later Merton works.

Critical essay. Soon after the end of the Second World War, Samuel Beckett began producing French and English versions of each of his works. This raises interesting questions concerning the relationship between two languages and two texts within one literary work. Bilingualism is an essential dimension of Beckett's "oeuvre" which pushes the very limits of literature and explores essential aspects of language, identity and creation.
Creative writing. I was born in Montreal of a French mother and a father from Texas. My work in creative writing consists of six short stories set between the three geographical poles of my existence: Quebec, the United States and France. I also wrote a French and English version of my short story entitled The Ghost of Old Man Beck. These stories explore, on a more personal and creative level, the questions of bilingualism, identity and creativity raised in my critical essay.

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O objetivo desta tese é investigar em narrativas de Guimarães Rosa como se relacionam as personagens nativas e estrangeiras, ou seja, verificar se há receptividade ou rejeição do diferente, a empatia ou a recusa do outro. O corpus é constituído por textos rosianos em que surgem ou se destacam personagens alemãs – o romance Grande sertão: veredas, a novela “O recado do morro” de Corpo de Baile, o conto “O mau humor de Wotan”, de Ave, palavra – e ciganas: os contos “Faraó e a água do rio”, “O outro ou o outro” e “Zingaresca”, de Tutameia. O procedimento para se atingir a meta é a apuração, por meio da análise, da construção desse tema pelas categorias narrativas, tendo como centro as personagens e sua relação com a história, o narrador, a focalização, o espaço e, como não poderia deixar de ser, a linguagem. Neste caso, salienta-se a exploração de hibridismos. Os resultados da análise de cada narrativa levaram à possibilidade de comparação entre elas no que diz respeito à constituição do tema. A investigação tem como suporte estudos sócio-históricos e estudos culturais relativos ao estrangeiro e ao imigrante, a relações de alteridade e identidade. Os autores e obras principais são: “Os processos de transculturação na narrativa latino-americana” (2001), de Angél Rama; Culturas híbridas (2000) de Néstor Garcia Canclini; Hibridismo (2003), de Peter Burke; O local da cultura (2007), de Homi K. Bhabha; Introdução aos estudos culturais (2004) de Armand Mattelart; Sobrados e mucambos (2013) de Gilberto Freyre. Baseamo-nos também, para a análise da personagem, nas propostas teóricas de Antonio Candido em “A personagem de ficção” (2000) e em Discurso da narrativa (1972) de Gérard Genette para o estudo das categorias narrativas. Intenciona-se demonstrar que o tema do estrangeiro pode ser uma nova chave de leitura para a obra rosiana, visto que se entende sua abordagem como um projeto de universalização do sertão mineiro fazendo desse espaço literário uma babel em que se cruzam os mais diversos idiomas, culturas e alteridades.
The aim of this thesis is to investigate in Guimarães Rosa’s narrative how the native and foreign characters relate, that is, verify if there is receptivity or rejection of the different, other’s empathy or refusal. The corpus consists of Rosiano’s texts in which German characters appear or stand out- the novel “Grande sertão: veredas”, the novel “O recado do morro” from “Corpo de baile”, the story “O mau humor de Wotan”, from “Ave, palavra- e ciganas”: the tales “Faraó e a água do rio”, “O outro ou o outro” and “Zingaresca”, from “Tutameia”. The procedure to reach the objective is to analyze the construction of this theme by narrative categories, centered on the characters and their relation to the story, the narrator, the focus, the space and, of course, the language. In this case, the exploitation of hybrids is emphasized. The results of the analysis of each narrative led to the possibility of comparing them with the constitution of the theme. The research is supported by socio-historical studies and cultural studies related to the foreigner and the immigrant, to the relations of alterity and identity. The authors and main works are: “Os processos de transculturação na narrativa latino-americana” (2001), by Peter Burke; “O local da cultura (2007), by Homi K. Bhabha; “Introdução aos estudos culturais” (2004) by Armand Matterlart; “Sobrados e mucambos” (2013) by Gilberto Freyre. We also based ourselves, for the character analysis, on the theoretical proposals of Antonio Candido in “A personagem de ficção” (2000) and in “Discurso da narrativa” (1972) by Gérard Ganette for the study of narrative categories. It is intended to demonstrate that the theme of the foreigner can be a new key for reading the Rosiana’s work, since its approach is understood as a project of universalization of the “Sertão of Minas Gerais”, making this literary space a Babel in which we can find the most diverse languages, cultures and alterities

Orientador(a): Maria Célia de Moraes Leonel
Banca: Sylvia Helena Telarolli de Almeida Leite
Banca: Sergio Vicente Motta
Banca: Vanessa Chiconeli Liporaci de Castro
Banca: Gilca Machado Seidinger
Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é investigar em narrativas de Guimarães Rosa como se relacionam as personagens nativas e estrangeiras, ou seja, verificar se há receptividade ou rejeição do diferente, a empatia ou a recusa do outro. O corpus é constituído por textos rosianos em que surgem ou se destacam personagens alemãs - o romance Grande sertão: veredas, a novela "O recado do morro" de Corpo de Baile, o conto "O mau humor de Wotan", de Ave, palavra - e ciganas: os contos "Faraó e a água do rio", "O outro ou o outro" e "Zingaresca", de Tutameia. O procedimento para se atingir a meta é a apuração, por meio da análise, da construção desse tema pelas categorias narrativas, tendo como centro as personagens e sua relação com a história, o narrador, a focalização, o espaço e, como não poderia deixar de ser, a linguagem. Neste caso, salienta-se a exploração de hibridismos. Os resultados da análise de cada narrativa levaram à possibilidade de comparação entre elas no que diz respeito à constituição do tema. A investigação tem como suporte estudos sócio-históricos e estudos culturais relativos ao estrangeiro e ao imigrante, a relações de alteridade e identidade. Os autores e obras principais são: "Os processos de transculturação na narrativa latino-americana" (2001), de Angél Rama; Culturas híbridas (2000) de Néstor Garcia Canclini; Hibridismo (2003), de Peter Burke; O local da cultura (2007), de Homi K. Bhabha; Introdução aos estudos culturais (2004) de Armand Mattelart; Sobrados e mucambos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to investigate in Guimarães Rosa's narrative how the native and foreign characters relate, that is, verify if there is receptivity or rejection of the different, other's empathy or refusal. The corpus consists of Rosiano's texts in which German characters appear or stand out- the novel "Grande sertão: veredas", the novel "O recado do morro" from "Corpo de baile", the story "O mau humor de Wotan", from "Ave, palavra- e ciganas": the tales "Faraó e a água do rio", "O outro ou o outro" and "Zingaresca", from "Tutameia". The procedure to reach the objective is to analyze the construction of this theme by narrative categories, centered on the characters and their relation to the story, the narrator, the focus, the space and, of course, the language. In this case, the exploitation of hybrids is emphasized. The results of the analysis of each narrative led to the possibility of comparing them with the constitution of the theme. The research is supported by socio-historical studies and cultural studies related to the foreigner and the immigrant, to the relations of alterity and identity. The authors and main works are: "Os processos de transculturação na narrativa latino-americana" (2001), by Peter Burke; "O local da cultura (2007), by Homi K. Bhabha; "Introdução aos estudos culturais" (2004) by Armand Matterlart; "Sobrados e mucambos" (2013) by Gilberto Freyre. We also based ourselves, for the character analysis, on the theoretical proposals of Antonio Cand... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutora

This thesis will examine intensively 'The Tower of Babel: A Morality' a significant work of Thomas Merton, a major spiritual writer of the 20th Century, entitled. In order to explore this play three other works which impacted significantly on the development of the drama will also be examined. These three works are: A poem also called 'Tower of Babel'; a second poem entitled 'A Responsory' and a musical work titled 'The Tower of Babel: An Oratorio'. Even though Victor Kramer, a Merton scholar, noted the significance of the Morality, the existing literature has all but ignored the impact of 'The Oratorio' and the drama. Until this author requested a copy of 'The Oratorio' from the Merton Centre in Louisville, Kentucky the work had been known by name only and had never been analysed. Yet this work was a major development from the poem 'A Responsory' and led to the creation of the Morality Play. This work argues that 'A Morality' was pivotal in contributing to personal and spiritual change in Merton as well as developing a greater depth of social understanding in him. It will also argue that the work contained the seeds of future Merton writings. Writing the drama moved Merton towards a contemplative maturity based on communion not simply community. While many studies have alluded to the play none of them have studied it with this particular focus. This new focus is the discovery of the ways Merton attempted to resolve the dilemma he experienced between the paths of monk and poet and how, in doing so, he created for spiritual seekers a fresh inner significance for the Babel story. This work is opening up new ground for an understanding of the importance of Merton's insights in the contemporary world. The methods used in this thesis are: 1. Contextualising, that is establishing the historical, social, spiritual and literary framework in which the poems and plays were written, and 2. Literary analysis.;Part A of the thesis examines the monastic, spiritual, social, literary and academic contexts which brought Merton to the moment of writing the Morality. Part B is organised chronologically and is an intensive analysis of the poems, the Oratorio and the Morality Play. Part C identifies the seeds of future growth contained within the Morality play and points to some of the directions in which these seeds developed in later Merton works.

En 1924-1925, en Russie, de nombreux écrivains s'engagent dans le cinéma, deviennent scénaristes, membres appointés des studios, trouvent là un second métier. Certains cherchent à créer un genre nouveau : le kinoroman. Babel est de ceux-là et son scénario "l'Ascension de Benia Krik", commandé en 1925 par les studios de Moscou, est l'illustration de cette tentative. Inspirée des "Contes d'Odessa", l'œuvre est écrite pour Eisenstein. Le "cinéroman" reprend les thèmes majeurs de l'univers babélien : conflit père/fils, homme/femme, tradition/novation, révolte individuelle/organisée. . . Il présente également les qualités formelles qui imposèrent la prose de l'auteur de "Cavalerie rouge" comme l'une des premières de son temps et firent dire à Eisenstein qu'"un récit de Babel, c'est déjà 75% du matériau dont un cinéaste a besoin". Des similitudes frappantes avec l'écriture du réalisateur de "La Grève" et du "Cuirassé Potemkine" - montage des attractions, images choc, construction parodique des personnages - font de ce scénario un terrain d'observation privilégié des affinités souvent constatées mais peu étudiées entre Babel et Eisenstein. En intégrant délibérément à son cinétexte les procédés techniques du 7e art (angles de vision insolites, gros plans, intertitres) l'auteur achève de donner au genre hybride du kinoroman un véritable statut. Les difficultés de la genèse et du tournage du scénario reflètent les contraintes du partzakaz sous la NEP. Ce sont elles qui, en dernière analyse, sont responsables de la faillite du projet de Babel et d'Eisenstein, faillite qui préfigure celle du "Pré de Béjine" dans les années trente, sous Staline
In 1924-1925, in Russia, a large number of writers began working for the cinema, became script-writers, appointed members of movie studios, and thus found a second occupation. Some of them tried to start a new genre : kinoroman. Babel is one of these and his screenplay "The Career of Benia Krik", commissioned in 1925 by the Moscow studios, illustrated this attempt. Inspired by the "Odessa Tales", the work is written for Eisenstein, director at the same studios. Kinoroman uses the main themes of Babel's universe : conflict between father/son, man/woman, tradition/innovation, individual revolt/collective one. . . It also has the formal features - fragmented plot, prominence of the rhythm, of the pictures - that impressed the prose of the writer of the "Red Cavalry" as one of the best of its time and led Eisenstein to comment that "a story by Babel, it is already 75% of the material a film maker needs ". Striking similitude with the writing of the film-director of "The Strike" and "The Battleship Potemkin" - montage of attractions, shock-images, parodical characters - make this film script a particularly useful field of observation of the affinities, often established but rarely studied, between Babel and Eisenstein. By deliberately integrating in his cinetext the technical methods of the 7e Art (including unwonted angles of shots, close-ups, intertitles), the author finishes to give the kinoroman hybrid genre a genuine status. The difficulties during the genesis and the shooting of the scenario reflect the constraints of the partzakaz during the NEP. It is those, finally, which are responsible for the failure of Babel's and Eisenstein's project, failure which prefigures that of "Bezhin Meadow" in the thirties, under Stalin

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito.
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O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o direito contemporâneo brasileiro, mediante reflexão das decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Pretende-se, portanto, compreender e problematizar a perspectiva dos Ministros a respeito da sua prática decisória. Para tanto, é realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa a partir dos acórdãos do STF, entre os anos de 1990 a 2007. A partir dos documentos analisados é possível apreender as principais características do direito contemporâneo, bem como descrever o paradigma atual. A análise e descrição dos dados demonstraram o surgimento de um direito "hipermoderno", ou seja, um direito líquido, flexível e efêmero. Nesse sentido, as principais características encontradas nos acórdãos são: a dificuldade em catalogá-los de forma restrita em algum paradigma do direito, a superficialidade em que os conceitos são abordados pelos Ministros e a percepção de que para o Tribunal ele é o "Guarda da Constituição", demonstrando assim a flexibilização de forma velada na Constituição Federal.

This is a new study of Salman Rushdie's fiction, reading his texts through translation theory. Going beyond previous studies of Rushdie's writing, the majority of which have been postcolonial critiques, or have aimed to illuminate obscure references, my study engages with those images which are interesting to postcolonial studies and reads them through their relevance to the theory of translation. Engaging with texts on translation including those by Walter Benjamin, George Steiner, Lawrence Venuti, Andre Lefevere, Susan Bassnett and Harish Trivedi, as well as other theoretical perspectives (including postcolonial, postmodern, and linguistic theory), my study equally interrogates Rushdie's fiction and related aspects of translation theory. My thesis begins by examining images of the harem and the veil and suggests that these images denote the untranslatable. Further chapters suggest that the figure of the translator is a transgressor, and that transgression is necessary in order to translate. Ideas of linguistic creativity, clumsiness, slang, and bad language in the novels are opposed with the translator's goal of textual perfection. I examine the prophetic angel figure as an example of miscommunication, suggesting the relationship between translation and prophecy. Other disruptions to communication include those caused by the temptations of food, and the madness which Babel causes, and which may be dispelled with the advent of a post-translation, unilingual, utopian future. The final chapter suggests that the short story form (a less studied part of Rushdie's bibliography) provides a solution to problematic translations because of the nature of the narrator's voice in the short story which employs direct communication with the reader.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Florianópolis, 2014.
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A presente pesquisa tem como tema o fenômeno do letramento na esfera acadêmica, apresentando como delimitação temática a participação de graduandos do Curso de Letras Português da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina em eventos de letramento característicos da mencionada esfera e desafios concernentes ao ato de dizer, via modalidade escrita, nesses mesmos eventos. Sob tal enfoque, este estudo estruturou-se para responder à seguinte questão central de pesquisa: Como se caracteriza a participação de graduandos de Letras Português em eventos de letramento na esfera acadêmica nos quais lhes é requerido o ato de dizer, via modalidade escrita, em gêneros do discurso cujos textos se vinculam aos letramentos dominantes? A partir de tal questão, considerados seus desdobramentos, visa-se interpretar analiticamente a caracterização da participação desses mesmos graduandos nos supracitados eventos de letramento nos quais lhes é requerido o ato de dizer, buscando a) identificar implicações da constituição subjetiva dos participantes deste estudo quanto a esse recorte; b) depreender possíveis ressignificações das práticas de letramento decorrentes da participação nos mencionados eventos; c) identificar desafios e/ou dificuldades no que respeita a especificidades do ato de dizer; d) e caracterizar as demandas acadêmicas em escrita, depreendendo influências da configuração praxiológica das ações de ensino sobre a condição de participação desses mesmos graduandos. Para tal propósito, este estudo ancora-se no que se está chamando de simpósio conceitual, que tem como base os estudos do letramento, com foco no pensamento de Brian Street, Angela Kleiman e teóricos afins, convidando para o diálogo o construto do Círculo de Bakhtin, tanto quanto o olhar fundamentalmente bakhtiniano de Augusto Ponzio, cuja compreensão de língua se funda na noção de interação (VOLÓSHINOV, 2009 [1929]) nomeada como encontro. Em atenção a tais objeto e base teórica, esta dissertação constitui-se como um estudo de caso (YIN, 2001) do tipo etnográfico (ANDRÉ, 1995) com abordagem qualitativa de base interpretativista (MASON, 1996); realiza-se com oito participantes de pesquisa, matriculados nas fases iniciais do curso de Letras Português da Universidade campo de estudo. Os dados foram gerados a partir de instrumentos como observação participante, notas em diário de campo, entrevistas e pesquisa documental. A construção de inteligibilidades aponta para movimentos de tensão e de conflitos na constituição dos sujeitos em se tratando de sua participação nos eventos de letramento que têm lugar na esfera acadêmica, considerando experiências de escolarização; inserção em outras esferas nas quais os usos da escrita sejam tomados como fundamentais no que se refere aos encontros tematizados; bem como convergências e divergências entre práticas de letramento que os sujeitos carreiam consigo e práticas concernentes à esfera em questão, materializadas nas demandas acadêmicas objeto de estudo. Entende-se, ainda, que, a partir das configurações do encontro, como mais monológicos ou mais dialógicos, e de uma escrita tomada como prática social e como ato responsivo, os sujeitos tendem a vivenciar ressignificações de suas práticas de letramento de maneira mais efetiva deslocando-se, nessas condições, no continuum em direção ao polo ser/estar mais insider. Tais ressignificações desencadeiam-se ainda em decorrência de relações estabelecidas por meio de atos de dizer na esfera acadêmica que visam ao desvelamento e à desmistificação das práticas institucionais do mistério (LILLIS, 2001).

Abstract: The present research has as theme the phenomenon of literacy in the academic sphere, presenting as thematic delimitation the participation of graduating students of Portuguese Letters Course of Federal University of Santa Catarina in literacy events characteristics of the mentioned sphere and the concerning challenges to the act of telling, via writing mode, in these same events. Under this approach, this study was structured to answer the following central research question: How is characterized the participation of graduating students in Portuguese Letters Course in literacy events in the academic sphere in which it is required from them the act of telling, via written mode, in speech genres whose texts are linked to dominant literacies? From this question, considered its unfolding, it is aimed to analytically interpret the characterization of the participation of those graduating students in the mentioned literacy events in which it is required from them the act of telling, seeking a) to identify implications of the subjective constitution of the study participants; b) to infer possible redefinition of the literacy practices arising from the participation in the mentioned events; c) to identify challenges and / or difficulties in what respects the specific act of telling; d) and to characterize the academic demands, deducing influences of the praxeological setting of the teaching actions about the condition of participation of those graduation students. For this purpose, this study is based in what is being called conceptual symposium, which is based on the literacy studies, focusing on the thought of Brian Street, Angela Kleiman and others theorists, inviting for dialogue the construct of the Bakhtin Circle, as far as the look fundamentally Bakhtinian of Augusto Ponzio, whose comprehension of language is founded on the notion of interaction (VOLOSHINOV, 2009 [1929]) named encounter. Considering such object and theoretical basis, this dissertation is constituted as a case study (YIN, 2001) of ethnographic type (ANDRÉ, 1995) with a qualitative approach of interpretative base (MASON, 1996); it is realized with eight research participants enrolled in the early stages of the Portuguese Letters Course of the University field study. The data were generated from instruments such as participant observation, notes in field diary, interviews and documentary research. The construction of intelligibilities points to movements of tension and conflicts in the constitution of the subjects when it comes to their participation in literacy events that take place in the academic sphere, considering experiences of schooling; insertion in other spheres in which the use of writing are taken as fundamental inwhat it refers to the encounters thematized; as well as the similarities and differences between the literacy practices that the subjects carry and the practices concerning to the sphere in question, materialized in the academic demands objects of study. It is also understood that from the settings of the encounter, as more monological or more dialogical, and from a written taken as social practice and as responsive act, the subjects tend to experience redefinition of their literacy practices in a more effectively way moving, in these conditions, in the continuum towards the pole to be more insider. Such redefinitions still happen deriving from relations established through acts of telling in the academic sphere that aim the unveiling and the demystification of the institutional practices of the mystery (LILLIS, 2001).

Orientador: Paulo Roberto Ottoni
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Nosso objetivo foi caracterizar um tipo de tradução observada nos textos de Derrida. O foco de nosso empreendimento foi o ensaio de intitulado ¿Des tours de Babel¿ (¿Às voltas com Babel¿) que teve sua publicação em livro numa situação de tradução, traduzido para o inglês, em Difference in translation (Ed. Graham), traz como apêndice sua versão em francês que seria republicada dois anos mais tarde em Psyché: inventions de l¿autre I. Além dessa tradução, foi ainda vertido para o espanhol, por Olmedo e Peñalver, para o italiano, por Rosso e para o português brasileiro, por Barreto. Mesmo com a existência de sua tradução em português, a decisão de retraduzi-lo foi possibilitar uma leitura crítica fundamental para o nosso trabalho de análise. Para tanto, tomamos de empréstimo as figuras da retórica, em especial, a catacrese para falar da tradução em Derrida. O interesse pelo tema geral da tradução em Derrida se justifica por seu caráter praticamente inédito no âmbito das reflexões realizadas no Brasil, não fosse o empenho do grupo de pesquisa, intitulado Traduzir Derrida: políticas e desconstruções, que procura preencher essa lacuna, na qual se insere a presente pesquisa. Após ter justificado a escolha do tema, passamos a esboçar a problemática que guiou essa pesquisa. Derrida lança mão de mecanismos retóricos, tais como os tropos, com o intuito de refletir sobre a tradução, sempre dentro de uma linguagem filosófica, tendo como pando de fundo, o texto de Benjamin, ¿A tarefa do tradutor¿, procurando suplementar Benjamin de várias formas. Explorando, principalmente as antinomias do discurso benjaminiano sobre a tradução, Derrida constrói um discurso no qual surge a questão do nome próprio, sua quase intraduzibilidade, problematizando definições de tradução como a de Jakobson; discorre sobre a questão da dívida a que se submete o tradutor e interpreta as metáforas benjaminianas, por meio das quais comenta noções como direito de autoria, verdade, código religioso e assinatura. A dificuldade maior de nossa tese está em construir um discurso sobre a tradução, em Derrida, que leve, em conta seus múltiplos aspectos, suas muitas metáforas, bem como lidar com a impossibilidade de reduzir um texto como tal a seus efeitos de sentidos, de conteúdo, de tese ou de tema. A hipótese diretiva de nossa pesquisa é a de que a boa tradução deve abusar, como num efeito de torção do sentido. O ato tradutório se encontra sempre em uma situação aporética, num interminável doublé bind. A tese se estrutura em partes assim denominadas: ¿Observações introdutivas¿ procura refletir de forma geral sobre a tradução do ensaio, discutindo ainda a questão do método, questionando se haveria um método da desconstrução, e por conseqüência, da tese que trata da desconstrução em tradução. ¿A este título intraduzível: observações sobre a homofonia em Des tours de Babel¿ trata da intraduzibilidade e as conseqüências de se traduzir o título do ensaio de Derrida. Partindo de uma discussão sobre a homofonia, fala-se sobre o jogo de palavras que se perde ou se ganha na tradução para remeter finalmente à questão do abuso na e da tradução. A análise se concentra principalmente nas notas das traduções do ensaio que procuram justificar a tradução ou a não tradução do título. ¿Da tradução catacréstica em Derrida: a retórica da invenção¿, destaca-se uma postura freqüente nos textos de Derrida: o recurso à aposição de notas e a inserção de palavras na língua de origem do texto analisado. Um tipo de tradução que denominamos de catacréstica. Trata-se ainda da questão da fetichização, da metáfora no ato tradutório e da conceituação no interior do discurso da tradução em especial em Derrida. ¿Os nós do intraduzível: indecidibilidade¿ focaliza a indecibilidade do sentido, da significação. Partindo da noção de que há uma produção de sentido, desconstroi-se o argumento que haja um significado intrínseco. propõe ainda o questionamento sobre a crença geral dos críticos na possibilidade da existência de um significado imanente ao dito original, fazendo-nos refletir sobre ¿essência do significado¿ e suas implicações para a tradução. O que nos interessa particularmente aqui é a hipótese de Derrida sobre a instabilidade do significado de qualquer texto, um pressuposto que se revela nos posicionamentos em relação à tradução que serão abordadas nessa tese.¿Desconstruções ou Retórica do Canibalismo?¿ teve como objetivo provocar o leitor em relação ao que seria mais típico em termos de desconstrução no Brasil, fazendo uma possível relação com o canibalismo. A denominação ¿tradução catacréstica¿ surge de uma catacrese, a torre de Babel, que Derrida utiliza para pensar e traduzir a própria tradução, que neste caso, caracterizar-se-ia pela questão do comentário, da aposição de notas e da propensão ao uso de palavras estrangeiras, sempre em situação parentética. Se não é um caráter exclusivo, são essas características que a definem, conquanto que ela esteja dissolvida dentro de um comentário mais geral, de caráter mais filosófico, como se quer demonstrar neste trabalho
Abstract: Our aim was to characterize a kind of translation seen into the Derrida¿s texts. The focus of our task was the essay titled ¿Des tours de Babel¿ (¿Às voltas com Babel¿). The Derrida¿s essay had its edition in a translation situation, translated into the English, in Difference in translation (Ed. Graham), it brings as appendix its French version reedited two years later in Psyché: inventions de l¿autre I. Besides that translation, it has been translated into the Spanish, by Olmedo and Peñalver, into the Italian, by Rosso and into the Brazilian portuguese, by Barreto. Even with the existence of the translation into the Portuguese language of this essay, the decision of translating it again is due to the possibility of a critical reading very important to our analysis work. What we dare to do has been to borrow the rhetoric figures, specially, the catachresis to speak of translation in Derrida. The interesting by the general theme of translation in Derrida justifies itself through the practically unpublished character into the domain of the reflections made in Brazil, exception made to the research group called Traduzir Derrida: políticas e desconstruções, which looks for to fulfill this gap, into which the present research comes into. After we have justified the choice of our theme, we begin to expose our problematic issue that guided this research. Derrida makes uses of the rhetorical devices, such as the tropes, with the aim to reflect about the translation, always into a philosophical language, with the Benjamin¿ text, ¿The task of translator¿, as background, searching for supplementing Benjamin in many ways. Exploring, mainly the antinomies of his discourse about the translation, Derrida builds a discourse into which the question of the proper name, its almost untranslatability, arises. It also rises questions about the translation definitions as the Jakobson¿s ones; he discourses about the question of the debt to which the translator submit himself and interprets the benjaminian metaphors, through which he comments notions as author right, truth, religious code, and signature. The greatest difficulty of our thesis is to build a discourse about translation in Derrida that consider its multiples aspects, its many metaphors. The difficulty is also to handle with the impossibility of reducing a text as such to its effects of senses, of contents, of thesis or theme. The directional hypothesis of our research is that the good translation should abuse, like in a torsion effect of the sense. The translatory act is always in an aporetical situation, in an endless double bind situation. The thesis is structured in parts called as: ¿Observações introdutivas¿ looks for to reflect in a general way about the essay translation, discussing still the method question, questioning if there would be a deconstruction method, and consequently, of the thesis that treats the deconstruction in translation. ¿A este título intraduzível: observações sobre a homofonia em Des tours de Babel¿ treats the untranslatability and the consequences of translating the essay title of the Derrida¿s essay. From a discussion about the homophony, one speaks about words play that one loses or wins into the translation to refer finally to the question of abuse into and of the translation. The analysis concentrates mainly into the translation notes of the essay that search to justify the translation or not of the title. ¿Da tradução catacréstica em Derrida: a retórica da invenção¿, one shows a usual posture into the Derrida¿s text: the resource to the apposition of notes and the insertion of words in the source language of analyzed text. A kind of translation one calls catachrestical. It treats also of the question of fetishism, of metaphor into the translatory act and the conceptualization into the discourse of translation especially in Derrida. ¿Os nós do intraduzível: indecidibilidade¿ focalizes the indecibility of sense, of signification. From the notion that there is a production of sense, one deconstructs the argument that there is an intrinsecal signified. It proposes the questioning about the general belief of the critics in the possibility of the existence of an immanent signified to the called original, making us to reflect about the ¿essence of signified¿ and its implications to the translation. What interests us particularly here is the Derrida¿s hypothesis about the instability of the signified of any text, a presupposition that reveals into the positions in relation to the translation that are written in this thesis. ¿Desconstruções ou Retórica do Canibalismo?¿ has as objectif to provoque the reader concerning to what would be more tipical in terms of deconstruction in Brazil, making a possible relation to the canibalism. The denomination ¿catachrestical translation¿ rises from a catachresis, the Babel tower, that Derrida utilizes to think and translate the translation itself, that in this case, characterizes through the commentaries question, the notes apposition and the tendency to the use of foreign words, always in parenthetical situation. If it is not an exclusive character, theses characteristics define it, even it is dissolved inside a more general commentary of a more philosophical character, as one intends to demonstrate in this work
Doutorado
Doutor em Linguística Aplicada

Mestrado em Línguas e Relações Empresariais
O presente trabalho tenta abordar a evolução da compreensão das línguas no que diz respeito à sua utilidade concreta nas actividades empresariais portuguesas no seu dia-a-dia. O estudo começa por fazer uma síntese do pensamento actual sobre a linguagem e a cultura em geral, antes de se focalizar na análise de um estudo de caso do uso das línguas estrangeiras numa empresa local. ABSTRACT: This work attempts to discuss improvements in the understanding of languages with respect to the usefulness of the latter in the day-to-day activities of businesses in Portugal. The study summarises current thinking about language and culture in general, before focusing upon a case study of the part of foreign languages in a local company.

Among the vast assembly of Biblical mythology, the tower of Babel stands as an exclusive representation of the limits of human endeavor. As a paradigmatic extremity, it circumscribes the field of civic artifice. Babel is the absolute limit, and in that regard, its presence is enduring and timeless. The legacy of exegetic readings are textual shades, emanating from the point source of the paradigm. Athanasius Kircher's Turris Babel is an appropriate and intentional unfolding of this condition.
Firstly, that in the awakening of the Baroque scholar to history, origin materializes as the sole legitimate chronological reference.
Secondly, that the paradigmatic extremities collapse into the empirical standard of the theoretical discourse.
This thesis is a speculative study of architecture, drawn through Turris Babel, in the shadow of the paradigmatic limits of Babel. Written in three parts, each dealing with the implications of artifice in confrontation with the post-Babel adversaries of dispersion, tyranny, and decay.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O presente trabalho visa investigar o lugar social dos candomblés na belle époque carioca, a partir das crônicas de Paulo Barreto (João do Rio) acerca dos candomblés no Rio de Janeiro publicadas na Gazeta de Notícias e na Kosmos, propondo a construção de uma percepção do candomblé para a sociedade carioca na virada do século XIX para o XX e a realização de um esboço de mapa da religiosidade carioca na belle époque.
The present work intends to investigate the social place of the candomblés in belle époque of Rio de Janeiro, from the chronicles of Paulo Barreto (João do Rio) about the candomblés in the Rio de Janeiro published in the Gazeta de Notícias and in the Kosmos, proposing the construction of a perception of the candomblé for the society of Rio de Janeiro in the turning of the century XIX for the XX and the realization of a sketch of map of the religiosity of Rio de Janeiro in belle époque.

La littérature du vingtième siècle renouvelle l'image de la tour de Babel. Alors que Kafka propose une relecture très originale de l'épisode, Borges enrichit profondément le mythe en créant la célèbre tour-bibliothèque en 1941 métaphore de l'univers, Babel devient espace à arpenter et à interroger : les enjeux herméneutiques et téléologiques du mythe sont soulignés, et la "fiction" donne naissance à une tradition littéraire (Umberto Eco, Eloi Recoing). En 1951, Pierre Emmanuel écrit un long poème épique, Babel lieu de l'asservissement, la tour est un monde totalitaire qui évoque la Seconde Guerre mondiale et souligne les enjeux politiques du mythe. Deux topoi donnent lieu à de constantes réécritures. Babylone, ville maudite, est le lieu du crime. Maints auteurs, Doblin, Pierre Emmanuel et surtout René Crevel évoquent l'image de la « grande prostituée » en des réécritures qui mêlent fascination et anathème. Mais à cause de la "langue unique" évoquée au premier verset du texte biblique, Babel est surtout un mythe du langage. Si bien des auteurs continuent de déplorer le drame linguistique de la tour - impossibilité à communiquer, imperfection de la langue - d'autres en revanche (Queneau, Joyce) jouent avec la et les langue(s), et choisissent d'envisager la diversité comme une bénédiction. Car au vingtième siècle, Babel n'est plus nécessairement un "mythe de la chute". Les auteurs littéraires, mais aussi les exégètes du texte biblique, opèrent une relecture de l'épisode. La diversité, expression d'une altérité nécessaire et fondatrice, serait venue mettre fin, non à un âge d'or, mais à un désir régressif d'uniformisation, voire à un monde totalitaire. D'autres enjeux sont alors soulignes. Avec Borges et Butor, l'errance en ce monde absurde est cheminement babélien qui conduit à placer la lecture, acte herméneutique par excellence, comme l'écriture, acte créateur assimilé à l'édification de la tour, au cœur du mythe
In the twentieth century, the myth of babel is revisited by many writers. In 1920 already, Kafka proposed a new vision of a subterranean tower, whereas Borges, in 1941, created his famous "library of babel", where babel is a metaphor for the cosmos. From this image of a babelian collection of books and shelves is born a new literary tradition. Pierre Emmanuel, in his own way, proposed, just after the tragedy of the Second World War, a vision of the myth of babel as a metaphor for an authoritarian government. More common is the parallel between babel and Babylon, a vision of the progress and decadence of humanity. In Doblin’s novels, or in René Crevel's Babylone, the great prostitute is an object of fascination and repulsion. But beyond all of this, babel is a myth associated with the language and some writers saw babel as a joyful opportunity for creation, mixing several idioms in a lone creation (Joyce, Queneau). Many writers want to see babel as a benediction, and cease to deplore the biblical episode. In Butor's novel, as well as in the works of Borges, Babel is a labyrinth, and the myth is associated with the act of writing, and with the act of reading. More than ever, literature is concerned by the myth

The study, as explained in the Prologue, was begun with the aim of compiling and analysing the problems of translating Malay verse into English. However, because the tradition is little known outside its birthplace. Chapters I and II trace the birth and perpetuation of the Malayo-English tradition of verse translation, giving examples of the translations carried out. and drawing attention to the problems encountered. These chapters also seek to identify the reasons for translating. The anomalous practice of translating into a language which is not the translator's native language-- which is rampant in the tradition studied-as well as the variety of modes encountered, necessitate a search for a theoretical framework which would accomodate such facts of the tradition. Chapter III elaborates on the theoretical considerations made out and the methodology adopted. The theoretical considerations show that such a framework could be provided by a working definition, if it is rigorous enough to differentiate translation from its kindred activities, such as parody, yet flexible enough to accomodate the various acceptable modes of translation. A pro-tern working definition of the translation process is proposed in Chapter IV. The practical implications of this definition are discussed in Chapters V and VI. Chapter V discusses the effects of the independent variables on the actual translating process; i.e., how each of the independent variables identified in the definition of the process could give rise to a spectrum of translation pathways, and thereby to a variety of translation products. It is realised at this juncture that to enable a descriptive analysis of the translation process/products, these modes have not only to be identified but also to be systematically named. Chapter VI describes the translation spectrum and proposes a system of labelling the components of the translation spectrum. Chapter VII attempts an objective reviewal of the study, assessing its contribution to knowledge, whilst making clear its limitations and its dependence on earlier works. The study closes with an Epilogue.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Political Science, 2006.
"Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 27, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: A, page: 2305. Adviser: Michael D. McGinnis.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Línguas Estrangeiras e Tradução, 2006.
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O objetivo deste estudo de caso é investigar crenças de três professoras de Inglês Instrumental com enfoque em leitura a respeito do uso da tradução e as possíveis relações dessas crenças com as experiências prévias das mesmas. Os instrumentos de pesquisa foram: entrevista narrativa e semi-estruturada, observação de aulas, notas de campo, gravações, transcrições e documentos de sala de aula. Os resultados apontam que: uma das informantes concebe a tradução como atrelada às palavras e às idéias e é favorável a seu uso; outra, percebe a tradução associada mais a idéias que a palavras e a considera componente central; e a terceira vê na tradução uma barreira para a compreensão e só a utiliza sob pressão dos aprendizes. As origens dessas crenças podem ser: experiências pessoais, como aprendizes, de formação profissional e como professoras; as crenças de seus professores, de colegas de trabalho e aprendizes; material didático; pesquisa; literatura em Lingüística Aplicada; instituições de ensino; ideologias imperialistas; contexto histórico brasileiro; e o status do inglês na sociedade brasileira. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This case study investigates beliefs of three EAP teachers about the use of translation and the possible relations between these beliefs and their prior experiences. Research instruments include: narrative and semi-structured interviews, classroom observation, field notes, transcriptions and classroom documents. The results show that: one of the informants conceives translation as related to both words and ideas, and is favorable to its use in EAP; another views translation as more related to ideas than words and considers it a key component; the third one views translation as a barrier to comprehension and only uses it in class because of student pressure. These beliefs may derive from: their personal experiences, experiences as learners, trainees, and teachers; the beliefs of their teachers, coworkers, and students; teaching materials; research; Applied Linguistics literature; educational institutions; colonialist ideologies; Brazilian historical context and the status of English in Brazilian society.

This is an investigation about linguistic diversity, examining its decline in different societal conditions over the last century, and interrogating claims in language policy and planning to be 'protecting linguistic diversity', using the UK as its main example. Chapter 1 comprises a review of variationist sociolinguistics, showing how it has never fully defined linguistic diversity. Adjustments are suggested, and a working definition of linguistic diversity offered. Chapter 2 presents data from two major nationwide dialect surveys, in 1889 and 1962, showing how local dialects were weakening in this period. The main focus is declining diversity, but information is presented about possible conditioning factors, primarily increases in literacy. In the absence of such nationwide reports after 1962, Chapter 3 collates individual dialect studies from two regions of England, the northeast and southeast, describing dialect convergence across these large geographical areas. These changes are contrasted to those reported in Chapter 2. Again the main theme is declining diversity, but information is reviewed to help explain these contrasts, primarily increases in geographical mobility in the latter half of the 20th century, concentrated around these regions. Chapter 4 examines dialect weakening that some researchers have attributed, at least in part, to the media. This also represents a change in societal conditions undergirding declining diversity. Some theoretical work is done to distinguish such changes from those observed in Chapter 3. Chapter 5 reviews the rhetoric of minority language policy and planning, and its frequent and explicit claims to be 'protecting linguistic diversity'. The insights developed in Chapters 1-4 are applied to two modern UK language revivals, Cornish and Welsh, to see how diversity overall is faring here. The conclusion sums up the gaps in our thinking about linguistic diversity, and clarifies the limitations of planned interventions upon language.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Paulo Rónai, un homme contre Babel - itinéraire de son engagement au Brésil analyse la trajectoire d intégration au Brésil du professeur, traducteur, critique et essayiste hongrois Paulo Rónai (1907-1992), à partir d un recoupement des sources, en premier lieu ses journaux intimes, mais également sa correspondance personnelle et des articles de presse. Ce travail de recherche a pour but de dresser un portrait approfondi de l homme, depuis le temps de sa formation à Budapest, lorsqu il eut son premier contact avec la littérature brésilienne et la langue portugaise, en suivant son difficile combat pour quitter sa Hongrie natale (lorsque, en tant que juif, il se voyait menacé par l avancée nazie), et en se focalisant notamment sur la période passée en camp de travail et sur son arrivée à Rio de Janeiro, plus de deux ans avoir perçu que ce pays pouvait représenter une alternative de survie. Une fois au Brésil, la reconstruction de son parcours biographique révèle que c est grâce à un projet pugnace d intégration et à un travail considérable que Paulo Rónai est parvenu, en près de vingt ans, à une insertion totale dans le milieu culturel brésilien, en réalisant une synthèse remarquable entre la presse et le monde littéraire, par le biais d une relation intense avec éditeurs et auteurs, et une interaction féconde avec des écrivains locaux tels Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Carlos Drummond de Andrade et Guimarães Rosa. Naturalisé brésilien, Paulo Rónai consolide sa trajectoire exemplaire d engagement, notamment grâce au soutien de son épouse, Nora Tausz Rónai, en confirmant son positionnement humaniste et universaliste, clé de voûte du succès de son projet de vie au Brésil.
Paulo Rónai, um homem contra Babel – o itinerário de engajamento no Brasil investiga a trajetória de integração no Brasil do professor, tradutor, crítico e ensaísta húngaro Paulo Rónai (1907-1992), a partir de um cruzamento de fontes, destacando seus diários pessoais, mas também correspondência pessoal e material de imprensa. Dessa forma, a pesquisa busca construir um retrato mais aprofundado do homem, desde os tempos de sua formação em Budapeste, quando tem o primeiro contato com a literatura brasileira e com a língua portuguesa, acompanhando a dura luta para deixar sua Hungria natal (em um momento em que, como judeu, se via ameaçado pelo avanço nazista), focalizando ainda o período vivido no campo de trabalho e a chegada ao Rio de Janeiro, mais de dois anos depois de avistar o país como alternativa de sobrevivência. Já no Brasil, a reconstrução de seu percurso biográfico revela que é como resultado de um persistente projeto de integração e de muito trabalho que Paulo Rónai conquista, em cerca de vinte anos, uma integral inserção no meio cultural brasileiro, operando uma notável articulação com a imprensa, no campo literário, por meio de intensa relação com editores e autores, e de uma profícua interlocução com escritores locais, como Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Carlos Drummond de Andrade e Guimarães Rosa. Naturalizado brasileiro, Paulo Rónai consolida uma trajetória exemplar de engajamento, contando ainda com o apoio de sua mulher, Nora Tausz Rónai, asseverando uma postura humanista e universalista, chave de entendimento do caráter bem-sucedido de seu projeto de vida brasileira.

Translation, the transfer of the written word from one language to another, has a long history, and many important scholars have helped shape its perceptions, accepted processes, and theories. Machine translation, translation by computer software requiring little or no human input, is the latest movement in the translation field, a possible way for the profession to keep abreast of the enormous demand for scientific, business, and technical translations. This study examines MT by placing it in a historical context â first exploring the history of translation and translation theory, then following that explanation with one of machine translation, its problems, and its potential.
Master of Arts

My dissertation explores how authoritarian governments use language policy to impact public political trust. Based on a comprehensive examination through survey analyses, experiments, and large-scale text analyses, my research demonstrates that authoritarian governments, such as in China, can use language policy as a political tool to influence citizens’ political attitudes. In particular, language policy empowers the official language used by government representatives, such as street-level bureaucrats, reinforcing their political identities and enhancing citizens' trust in them. Using an original randomized experiment in China based on a new sociolinguistic technique, my research finds robust evidence that listeners hold significantly more trust in bureaucrats who speak the official language than in those who speak dialects, even if the respondent and government representative share the same dialect. Furthermore, my research shows that language not only influences citizens' political trust but also their understanding of political concepts. Using a computer-assisted text analysis of over one million articles from the official newspaper of the dominant party of China from 1946-2003, I indicate a refocusing strategy by which the official discourse about democracy manipulates the meaning of democracy in the Chinese political language without contradicting with the Western democratic values, while simultaneously preserving the authoritarian regime. Drawing on multiple waves of nationally representative surveys from China, my dissertation also identifies distinctive effects of improving listening, speaking, and relative proficiencies of Putonghua on Chinese citizens' political interest, efficacy, pursuit, and institutional-based political trust. This study contributes to political science, and even the entire social science by justifying the important role of language in human social and political lives and turning the research focus from language content to language context.

Abstract The city is a complex space, comprised of a multitude of cultures, languages, and influences that interact, clash, and communicate, resulting in a space of dynamic violence. It is through this violent interaction of different forces that the city attains its potential as a space offering hope and opportunity. Such fragmentary and rapidly changing influences do, however, present problems for the investigation and interpretation of the city, in that conclusions seem only fleeting and provisional. For this reason, it is important to write towards a universal hope for the city; a hope that can never truly apply in practice, but nonetheless extends an inextinguishable hermeneutical possibility to all cities. In the Western, Judeo-Christian framework, the intersection of universalism, hermeneutics, and the city begins with the collapse of the Tower of Babel. Through violent rupture, humanity’s differences are revealed and thus a Fall into a schema of translation occurs, where humanity must exist side-by-side with each other in the absence of divine presence. Subsequently, cities are necessarily diverse and violent, for it is alterity that allows for cities to contain hope for something other than what is. To prevent the city from becoming totalitarian and without hope, alterity must be consciously maintained in both the physical environments of the suburb and the city-centre, and in the idea of the city: what the city could be. Achieving alterity in the suburb and city-centre requires hospitality toward the other, an openness to the other that coincides with a schema of justice. The maintenance of alterity in the idea of the city requires a messianic conception of hope that cannot be called forth, and remains perpetually as a possibility that is no possibility, violently rupturing all claims of completion in the present. With the extension of hospitality and justice, combined with the conscious maintenance of alterity, the violence inherent in the interaction of different forces in the city is put to its most positive and regenerative applications.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This research had as the main objective to verify the relation between the cyber culture and the myth of the perfect and universal language. From the hypothesis that the cyber culture, mainly its phenomenon of biggest visibility, Web, is included in a movement named by Gérard Genette as cratylism or secondary mimologism . A tradition made by idealists that through times searched to repair the mistake of the natural language through a supposed adamic and divine language or by projects of artificial languages, universal grammars or poetical languages. It is about a long journey which starts on a mythical area with the Biblical narratives, particularly with the history of the world‟s origin and the Tower of Babel, and in rational area with the dialog Cratyle by Plato. It was used as methodology the bibliographical research, by a secondary order observation . The thesis brings initially the relation between myth and language, with approach especially to the concept of myth developed by Roland Barthes. Then it goes to the delineation of a cyber culture mythology. Later it is done an analysis of the dialog Cratyle by Plato, based on the particular interpretation of this work made by Gérard Genette in his book Mimologiques. Following the genettian concept of secondary cratylism, the work includes in its theoretical construction the philosophical and literary reflection of the language, oriented by works of authors like Stephane Mallarmé, Paul Valéry, Jacques Derrida, Julia Kristeva, Jorge Luis Borges, Haroldo de Campos, among others. In what Umberto Eco names as research of the perfect language‟, the airtight chain, from the memory art by Ramon Llull to the binary codes by Leibniz, theories considered as the origin of the contemporary computer language. The aspects of the alphabetical language were also verified and the passage to the digital culture, looking for a relation with the thesis object. In the end, theories were analyzed to explain the digital culture phenomena
Esta pesquisa teve como principal objetivo verificar a relação entre a cibercultura e o mito da língua perfeita e universal. Partiu-se da hipótese de que a cibercultura, principalmente seu fenômeno de maior visibilidade, a Web, inclui-se em um movimento denominado por Gérard Genette como cratilismo ou mimologismo secundário . Uma tradição percorrida por idealistas que ao longo dos tempos buscaram reparar a falha da língua natural por meio da busca de uma suposta língua adâmica e divina ou por intermédio de projetos de línguas artificiais, gramáticas universais ou linguagens poéticas. Trata-se de uma longa trajetória que se inicia em plano mítico com as narrativas bíblicas, particularmente com os relatos da origem do mundo e da Torre de Babel, e em plano racional com o diálogo Crátilo de Platão. Utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, por meio de uma observação de segunda ordem . A tese traz inicialmente a relação entre mito e linguagem, com enfoque especialmente para o conceito de mito desenvolvido por Roland Barthes. Parte-se, então, para o delineamento de uma mitologia da cibercultura. Depois é feita uma análise do diálogo Crátilo de Platão com base na interpretação particular dessa obra realizada por Gérard Genette em seu livro Mimologiques. Seguindo o conceito genettiano de cratilismo secundário, o trabalho inclui em seu corpo teórico a reflexão filosófica e literária da linguagem, orientada por obras de autores como Stephane Mallarmé, Paul Valéry, Jacques Derrida, Julia Kristeva, Jorge Luis Borges, Haroldo de Campos, entre outros. Dentro do que Umberto Eco denomina como busca da língua perfeita , estudou-se a corrente hermética, desde a arte da memória de Ramon Llull até os códigos binários de Leibniz, teorias consideradas como os primórdios da linguagem da informática contemporânea. Também foram verificados os aspectos da cultura alfabética e a passagem para a cultura digital, buscando uma relação com o objeto da tese. Foram analisadas, por fim, teorias que visam explicar os fenômenos da cultura digital

La présente étude se donne pour objectif d'analyser l'œuvre de Michel Butor à la lumière du mythe de Babel. Selon lui, la destruction de l'unité linguistique originelle se révèle être une bénédiction pour la littérature. Deux notions primordiales et interdépendantes émanent dès lors de la très vaste œuvre de cet auteur : la (re)lecture qui vient nourrir tout travail d'écriture, ainsi que le voyage qui la transforme et fait d'elle une écriture mobile. C'est cette démarche qui fait de Butor un écrivain de l'interculturalité, qui modifie la pluralité de la Babel primitive en une bénédiction pour celle du XXe siècle. Nous avons également opté pour une lecture mobile, à travers une multiplicité d'ouvrages, qui, de la source autobiographique aux collaborations avec les artistes, et des lieux, pays ou monuments aux livres-objets, ne cessent d'être perçus comme des rencontres, favorisant la construction d'une nouvelle Tour de Babel. Son identité repose sur la différence et la diversité, ainsi que sur l'ouverture et l'inachèvement, à travers le dialogue des cultures
The study aims to analyze Michel Butorís work by the light of the myth of Babel. According to him, the destruction of the original linguistic unity shows to be a blessing for the literature. Two essential and interdependent notions emanate from then on from the very vast work of this author : the (re)reading which comes to feed any work of writing, as well as the travel which transforms it and makes it a mobile writing. This initiative makes Butor an intercultural writer, who modifies the plurality of primitive Babel in a blessing for that of the 20th century. We have also opted for a mobile reading, through a multiplicity of works, which, from the autobiographical source to the collaborations with the artists, and from the places, countries or monuments to the books objects, donít stop being perceived as meetings, that facilitate the construction of a new Tower of Babel– whose identity bases on the difference and the variety, as well as the opening and the incompletion, through the dialogue of the cultures

This study discusses the intertextual relationships in the plastic artist Arlindo Daiberts three-dimensional work through a cutting of his production. This cutting was based on intermediality, highlighting especially the plastic arts and literature. The focus given in ourresearch confirms and explores the existence of two substantial recurrences in Daiberts work: eroticism and the concept of Babel. The theoretical framework consists of Mikhail Bakhtins and Julia Kristevas approach to Intertextuality, which was revisited by Leila Perrone-Moisés;as well as Antoine Compagnons contribution towards Quotation.The approach to the artists production was favored by the association between textual criticism, which demanded the construction of a personal reading process; and genetic criticism supported by the production and investigation of the artists underlinings, drafts and notes.In order to study the intertextual dialogues found in the works oriented by the eroctic factor, we selected the following texts: Catulli Carmina (1991), Cântico dos Cânticos (1980s) and Alice (circa 1989). The concept of Babel, however, can be observed in Moradas (1992), Pequeno Livro (1987) and Babel (circa 1989). All the works analysed are part of theAlciones Amaral Family Collection in Juiz de Fora, which made the direct investigation of the objects easier.
Este estudo aborda as relações intertextuais na obra tridimensional do artista plástico Arlindo Daibert através de um recorte em sua produção, o qual se fez pelo crivo da intermidialidade, ressaltando de modo especial as artes plásticas e a literatura. O enfoque dado ratifica e explora a existência de duas recorrências substanciais no texto daibertiano: oerotismo e o conceito de Babel. Compõem o quadro teórico as investigações a respeito da Intertextualidade a partir de Mikhail Bakhtine e Julia Kristeva, revisitados por Leyla Perrone- Moisés, além da contribuição de Antoine Compagnon, no estudo da citação.A abordagem da produção do artista foi favorecida pela associação da crítica textual que possibilita uma análise a partir do ponto de vista da recepção da obra, o que demandou a construção de um processo de leitura pessoal e da crítica genética respaldada na produção, investigando grifos, rascunhos e anotações do artista.Para o estudo dos diálogos intertextuais, encontrados nos trabalhos orientados pelo caráter erótico, foram selecionados: Catulli Carmina (1991), Cântico dos Cânticos (década de 1980) e Alice (cerca de 1989). Já o conceito de Babel pôde ser observado em Moradas (1992),Pequeno Livro (1987) e Babel (cerca de 1989). Todos os trabalhos selecionados estão integrados à Coleção Família Alciones Amaral, em Juiz de Fora, o que facilitou a investigação diretamente aos objetos originais.