Tesis sobre el tema "Barcelona (Spain)"

Four-and eight-year high school located in the heart of the Spanish city of Barcelona in place very easily accessible by public transport. Gymnasium is a direct result of an important transportation and cultural center of the city-Barcelona Diagonal, which turns on and binds both locally as well as conceptually and opens up to her room entrance and public inner courtyard. Expanding with new housing with the use of administrative costs in the current competition industriánímu character with a lot of production facilities and produces at a certain tension. Construction of a new high school significantly affects the position and will do so within the industrial district of the new feature. Whole quarter is undergoing rehabilitation and new construction of school it will enhance significantly. Architectural design Building footprint follows the historic buildings in the plan, "Cerda, trying to respond to the chaos inside the blocks and expanding modern world and shape it as clean and simple. Just as individual blocks form a mosaic plan Cerda and school as a whole offers a range of activities with a rich structure inside and works on similar principles. Relationship "and the whole" liberation shape and emphasis on the strength of a material without impairing the continuity of the whole city is a concept on which this project is based

This thesis explores the politics of the Spanish transition to democracy through the experiment in decentralised administration and citizen participation in Barcelona. Its focus is firstly on the role of citizen participation in processes of democratic transition and consolidation and, secondly, on the limits and possibilities of deepening democracy. Finally, it considers the tensions generated by attempts to create a more participatory democracy within the shell of representative liberal democracy. Chapter one provides a critical review of the literature on the Spanish transition to democracy. Chapter two provides an alternative framework, based on the concept of civil society, for understanding the process of democratisation in Spain. Chapter three analyses how associationalism has unfolded historically in Barcelona in order to build a picture of a civil society in a given social and historical context. Chapter four shows how civil society developed during the Francoist dictatorship from 1939 until 1975. Chapter five explores the process by which the political elites in Barcelona built on the legacy of the anti-Francoist opposition to create spaces and mechanisms of participation for associational activists, primarily via a process of decentralisation. Chapter six illustrates the tensions and limitations which have arisen from Barcelona's participatory experiment. The conclusion posits that it is difficult to sustain high levels of participation within a liberal democracy due to both structural and contingent limitations. However, the Barcelona experiment also shows that, notwithstanding the array of contingent and structural factors which serve to constrain participation, liberal democracies can be made more participatory.

Les espècies sinúrbiques responen a la urbanització global colonitzant gradualment les ciutats i utilitzant entorns urbans, on els factors socials i ecològics influeixen en les interaccions entre humans i vida salvatge. La falta de gestió en les interaccions entre humans-fauna salvatge condueix a conflictes que generen canvis en la dinàmica de la població animal i un augment de les despeses públiques i privades. Les poblacions de porc senglar (Sus scrofa) estan augmentant globalment, i colonitza àrees (peri)urbanes on s’associa a noves interaccions entre humans i senglars, i generen una preocupació pel risc de conflictes associats como l`epidemiològic. La sinurbització, afavorida per la disponibilitat de recursos antropogènics, augmenta l’agregació i la tolerància intraespecífica, incrementant el contacte del senglar i els ciutadans, amb el consegüent risc de transmissió de patògens. Aquesta tesi proporciona informació sobre els factors que influencien la dinàmica del porc senglar al Parc Natural de Collserola (PNC) i les estratègies de gestió més efectives per a reduir la densitat de les poblacions. A més, a través del desenvolupament d’un model basat en agents (MBA), s’analitza el sistema socio-ecològic que regeix l’ús de l’ecosistema urbà pel senglar sinúrbic i les interaccions entre senglars-humans en l’àrea (peri)urbana de Barcelona. Finalment, s’avalua el risc epidemiològic que suposa el senglar en l’àrea (peri)urbana de Barcelona, quantificant i localitzant espacialment el seu paper en el manteniment, la circulació i la disseminació espacial de patògens. Els resultats varen revelar que, en les condicions actuals, la població de senglar del PNC seguirà augmentant. L’estratègia més eficient per a reduir l’abundància de senglar va ser una combinació de reducció dels recursos alimentaris antropogènics suplementaris i l’eliminació selectiva de senglars menors de dos anys. El MBA desenvolupat va obtenir una alta precisió per a predir la magnitud i la ubicació dels moviments del senglar en comparació amb els informes d’observacions de senglar a la ciutat de Barcelona. El MBA va predir 115 episodis d’atac i 1442 episodis d’alimentació directa durant un any de simulació. El bon acompliment del MBA reflecteix el valor d’aquest prototipus com model predictiu per a detectar àrees prioritàries d’interaccions i conflictes entre humans i senglars. Aquesta tesi també descriu una expansió epidemiològica del MBA, amb l’objectiu d’avaluar diferents escenaris epidemiològics que podrien ser utilitzats en l’avaluació del risc per a la salut pública, i donar suport a la presa de decisions, de tres patògens rellevants a la interfície entre animals salvatges-domèstics-humans: el virus de l’hepatitis E (VHE), Campylobacter resistent a antimicrobians (CB-RA) i el virus de la pesta porcina africana (PPA). En l’escenari de PPA, tota la població de senglar va estar exposada al virus de 51 a 71 dies després del cas índex. La transmissió del virus de la PPA va estar determinada pels cadàvers (87,6%) dels casos i per contacto directe (12,6%). El brot va durar entre 71-124 dies, reduint la població inicial en un 95%. Els resultats del model d’exposició ciutadana per al VHE i CB-RA (segons el model, 457 i 462 humans haurien contactat amb el patogen, respectivament) varen coincidir amb les estimacions de l’Organització Mundial de la Salut (480 per a HEV i entre 264 i 558 per a CB-RA) per a la població i temps estimats. A pesar de la diferència en la prevalença de patògens (20% i 60% per a HEV i CB-RA, respectivament) a la població de seglar, el número similar de ciutadans exposats en cada escenari suggereix un paper determinant de les femtes en la transmissió d’aquests patògens, el que resulta en un risc significant per a la salut pública.
Las especies sinúrbicas responden a la urbanización global colonizando gradualmente las ciudades y utilizando entornos urbanos, donde los factores sociales y ecológicos influyen en las interacciones entre humanos y vida silvestre. La falta de gestión en las interacciones entre humanos-fauna salvaje conduce a conflictos que generan cambios en la dinámica de la población animal y un aumento de los gastos públicos y privados. Las poblacionales de jabalí (Sus scrofa) están aumentando globalmente, y colonizan áreas (peri)urbanas, donde se asocia a nuevas interacciones entre humanos y jabalíes, y generan preocupación por el riesgo de conflictos asociados como el epidemiológico. La sinurbización, favorecida por la disponibilidad de recursos antropogénicos, aumenta la agregación y la tolerancia intraespecífica, incrementando el contacto del jabalí y los ciudadanos, con el consiguiente riesgo de transmisión de patógenos. Esta tesis proporciona información sobre los factores que influyen en la dinámica del jabalí en el Parque Natural de Collserola (PNC) y las estrategias de gestión más efectivas para reducir la densidad de las poblaciones. Además, a través del desarrollo de un modelo basado en agentes (MBA), se analiza el sistema socio-ecológico que rige el uso del ecosistema urbano por el jabalí sinúrbico y las interacciones jabalíes-humanos en el área (peri)urbana de Barcelona. Finalmente, se evalúa el riesgo epidemiológico que supone el jabalí en el área (peri)urbana de Barcelona, cuantificando y localizando espacialmente su papel en el mantenimiento, la circulación y la diseminación espacial de patógenos. Los resultados revelaron que, en las condiciones actuales, la población de jabalí del PNC seguirá aumentando. La estrategia más eficiente para reducir la abundancia de jabalí fue una combinación de la reducción de los recursos alimenticios antropogénicos y la eliminación selectiva de jabalíes menores de dos años. El MBA obtuvo una alta precisión para predecir la magnitud y ubicación de los movimientos del jabalí en comparación con los informes de observaciones de jabalí en la ciudad de Barcelona. El MBA predijo 115 eventos de ataque y 1442 eventos de alimentación directa durante un año de simulación. El buen desempeño del MBA refleja el valor de este prototipo como modelo predictivo para detectar áreas prioritarias de interacciones y conflictos humanos y jabalíes. Esta tesis también describe una expansión epidemiológica del MBA, con el objetivo de evaluar diferentes escenarios epidemiológicos que podrían ser utilizados en la evaluación del riesgo para la salud pública, y respaldar la toma de decisiones, de tres patógenos relevantes en la interfaz entre animales salvajes-domésticos-humanos: el virus de la hepatitis E (VHE), Campylobacter resistente a antimicrobianos (CB-RA) y el virus de la peste porcina africana (PPA). En el escenario de PPA, toda la población de jabalí estuvo expuesta al virus de 51 a 71 días después del caso índice. La transmisión del virus de la PPA estuvo mediada por cadáveres (87,6%) y por contacto directo (12,6%). El brote duró entre 71-124 días, reduciendo la población inicial en un 95%. Los resultados del modelo de exposición ciudadana para VHE y CB-RA (según el modelo, 457 y 462 humanos habrían contactado con el patógeno, respectivamente) coincidieron con las estimaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (480 para VHE y entre 264 y 558 para CB-RA) para la población y tiempo estimados. A pesar de la diferencia en la prevalencia de patógenos (20% y 60% para VHE y CB-RA, respectivamente) en la población de jabalí, el número similar de ciudadanos expuestos en cada escenario sugiere el papel principal de las heces en la transmisión de estos patógenos, lo que resulta en un riesgo significante para la salud pública.
Synurbic species respond to global urbanization by gradually colonizing cities and using urban environments, where social and ecological factors drive close human-wildlife interactions. The lack of management in the human-wildlife interactions leads to conflicts which generate changes in animal population dynamics and an increase in public and private expenses. The population densities of wild boar (WB, Sus scrofa) are increasing globally thanks to its great adaptability and plastic behavior, WB is spreading into (peri)urban areas. In these areas, WB presence is associated to new close human-WB interactions, which generate an increasing concern regarding the epidemiological risk for public health and other associated conflicts. Synurbization favored by the availability of anthropogenic food resources, increases aggregation and intraspecific tolerance, enhancing the contact rates of synurbic WB and citizens, with the consequent risk of pathogen transmission. This thesis provides insights into the drivers of WB dynamics in the Collserola Natural Park (CNP), and the most effective management strategies to reduce WB population density. Furthermore, through the development of an agent-based model, the social-ecological system driving the use of the urban ecosystem by synurbic WB and the human- WB interactions in the (peri)urban area of Barcelona are analysed. Finally, the epidemiological risk posed by WB in the (peri)urban area of Barcelona is evaluated, quantifying and spatially locating their role in the maintenance, circulation and spatial spread of pathogens. The results revealed that, under the current conditions, the CNP WB population will continue to increase. The most efficient strategy to reduce WB abundance was a combination of reducing supplementary anthropogenic food resources and selective removal of WB under two years of age. The agent-based model developed, obtained high accuracy to predict the magnitude and location of WB movements as compared to reports of WB observations in the city of Barcelona. The model predicted 115 attack events and 1442 direct feeding events during one year of simulation. The good performance of the model reflects the value of this prototype as predictive model to detect priority areas of human-WB interactions and conflicts. This thesis also describes an epidemiological expansion of agent-based model, to test different epidemiological scenarios that could be used in the evaluation of risk for public health, and support decision-making, of three relevant pathogens at risk of transmission at the wild-domestic-human interface: hepatitis E virus (HEV), antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter (AR-CB) and African swine fever virus (ASFV). In the ASFV scenario, the entire WB population was exposed to the virus 51 to 71 days after the index case. ASFV transmission was mediated by carcasses in 87.6% of the cases and by direct contact in the remaining 12.6%. The outbreak lasted between 71 and 124 days, reducing 95% of the initial population. Model outputs of citizen exposition for HEV and AR-CB (according to the model, 457and 462 humans would have contacted the pathogen, respectively) were in agreement with the World Health Organization estimations (480 for HEV and 264 to 558for AR-CB) for the modelled human population in the estimated time extent. Despite the difference in the prevalence of pathogens (20% and 60% for HEV and AR-CB, respectively) in the WB population, the similar number of exposed citizens in each pathogen scenario, suggest the major role of feces in the transmission of these pathogens, resulting consequently in a significant risk to public health. The models developed could be useful also to assess the efficacy, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of potential management strategies, as well as to evaluate the spread, transmission risks, and epidemiological implications for the WB population and for public health of different WB pathogens.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Biodiversitat

The proposal for place like the district of Poblenou is a great adventure. The blocks of the famous urban Plan Cerda closest inside in itself dramatic history of old industrial era, when they have called Barcelona " The Manchester Of Catalunya ". And here I ask myself the question. What does the word landscape in this environment? How to apply to old buildings and chimneys of the idea of the archetype of landscape? Is it just those elements that had nurtured almost all Catalunya? They can be roof now abandoned industrial buildings become something else? The new facade?A Sea? A Landscape ?

This thesis explores Argentine migratory experiences in Barcelona, Spain. Paying specific attention to the cultural adjustments migrants have made upon arrival, it considers food choices, habits, and social tastes in order to gain insight into how identity is impacted upon migration. Given that Argentines form one of the biggest migrant communities in Barcelona, and that they hold various cultural and ethnic similarities to their Spanish counterparts, their experiences upon arrival present a particularly interesting topic of inquiry. Based on first-hand accounts, participatory observation, fieldwork, and media research, I argue that the nature of Argentine identity in Barcelona is fluid and situational; always subject to change, it is not fixed and cannot be categorized. While all migrants, to some extent, experience socio-cultural shifts, different situations may cause individuals to emphasize particular facets of their multifarious identity. Food habits both reflect and play a part in shaping these adjustments.

This PhD research is based on a 5 month-long participant observation with a total of 18 undocumented migrants of African origin that were residing at an emergency accommodation in Barcelona, Spain between February and July 2010. Study participants had arrived at this flat, managed by a migrant support association, after their available social networks, on which they depended for shared accommodation arrangements, disbanded under negative pressure caused by the 2008 global economic crisis. They were consequently left without the possibility of relying on familiar support to cope with the effects of the economic recession. In this adverse economic context, it was, therefore, essentially important for them to rebuild their relational support systems, to facilitate their exit from destitution. They could not depend on public supports beyond room and board offered at the emergency accommodation because of their undocumented status. However, in this new life setting, study participants faced the challenge of having to consider relationship opportunities with individuals at the flat or in the community who were previously socially distant, as they did not belong to their tight-knit social networks. The fact that study participants showed marked differences in social connectivity while facing this challenge, stimulated research interest in understanding the reasons behind these differences. The social-ecological paradigm of community psychology was selected as an appropriate theoretical framework to approach this topic, as it draws attention to the multilevel factors that could influence study participants’ attitudes towards social connection across ethnic boundaries. Application of participant observation methodology as the core data collection strategy allowed use of complementary methods of data collection as were deemed useful to answer the research questions, like informal conversations with different study participants, a weekly support group with all residents, weekend outings with all who wished to participate and, finally, Focus Group Interviews on the topic of interpersonal trust. The research found that undocumented migrants hold high expectations on trust in their social relationships in response to perceived risk in the transnational context, where they face continuous threats of arrest, detention, and deportation. For this reason, they concentrate their social relationships on available undocumented migrant social networks, which, because members usually belong to the same country of origin, allow them to activate culturally-bound social mechanisms that ensure satisfaction of their high trust expectations. When these networks are no longer available, some undocumented migrants may experience difficulties to adjust their trust expectations as necessary to form relationships with non-network members. However, some display a fundamental willingness to cooperate with others over and above usual trust considerations, which appears to constitute a key personal asset to maintain social connection in crisis situations. This research concludes by outlining the implications of this finding for psychosocial support practice with undocumented migrants and members of other socially vulnerable groups, like refugees and asylum seekers, who could benefit from heightened cooperation to enhance social connectivity in critical situations.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-239). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Nos últimos anos a popularidade dos animais exóticos aumentou, levando a um desenvolvimento de conhecimentos nas áreas do seu maneio e medicina. Este estudo contribui para esse efeito na área da Parasitologia, tendo sido efetuado um rastreio parasitológico numa população de répteis tidos como animais de estimação na área de Barcelona (Espanha), entre setembro e dezembro de 2017. Foram colhidas 28 amostras fecais, sendo 9 pertencentes a sáurios, 18 a quelónios e 1 a um ofídio. Todas elas foram analisadas através de exames fecais diretos e pelo método de flutuação direta, tendo sido identificadas formas parasitárias em 18 (64% do total de amostras). Em sáurios, foram identificadas coccídias (incluindo Cryptosporidium sp.) em 33% das amostras e oxiurídeos em 56%. Em ofídios, a única amostra analisada apresentou Balantidium sp., Strongyloides sp. e flagelados. Em quelónios, foram detetados oxiurídeos em 28% das amostras fecais analisadas, Nyctotherus sp. e flagelados em 22% das amostras e Balantidium sp. em 11%. Verificou-se que 47% dos animais tinham a desparasitação em dia, enquanto que 21% se encontravam com a desparasitação em atraso. Dos primeiros, 38% apresentaram amostras positivas a parasitas, enquanto que dos em atraso foram encontradas 83% de amostras com formas parasitárias. Para além disto, foram observados parasitas em todas as amostras provenientes dos animais que nunca tinham sido desparasitados (14% dos animais) e ainda 80% de amostras positivas a parasitas em animais cujos tutores não se encontravam informados acerca do estado de desparasitação (18% dos animais examinados). Estes dados remetem para a importância do maneio correto em animais exóticos e no papel imprescindível que o médico-veterinário deve ter na profilaxia das doenças parasitárias e na sua terapêutica.
ABSTRACT - GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN PET REPTILES IN BARCELONA - In the last years, the popularity of exotic animals has increased, leading to a development of knowledge in their husbandry and medicine. This study contributes to a better knowledge on their parasitology, since a parasite screening was performed in a pet reptile population in Barcelona (Spain), between September and December 2017. Twenty-eight faecal samples were collected, 9 of them from lizards, 18 from chelonians and one from a snake. All of them were screened by fresh smears and direct faecal flotations and in 18 of the samples (64%) were positive for parasitic forms. In lizards, coccidian (including Cryptosporidium sp.) were found in 33% of the samples and oxyurids in 56% of them. In Ophidia species, the only screened sample presented Balantidium sp., Strongyloides sp. and flagellates. In chelonians, 28% of the samples had oxyurids, 22% of them had Nyctotherus sp., other 22% had flagellates and Balantidium sp. was identified in 11% of the samples. 47% of the animals were correctly dewormed, but in 21% the deworming program was overdue. From the correctly dewormed animals, 38% had parasites in their faeces and in the overdue ones, 83% of the samples were positive to parasites. Parasites were observed in all samples collected from the 14% of the animals that had never received antiparasitic treatment. In 18% of the animals whose owners were not informed about their antiparasitic treatments, 80% of the samples had parasites. This study shows the importance of the correct husbandry in exotic animals and the crucial role that the veterinarian has in the prevention of parasitic diseases and their therapy.
N/A

Antoni Gaudi was the architect of the Sagrada Familia from 1883 to 1926. Over this period of time he prepared the overall design and supervised the construction of the Nativity facade. One of Gaudi's main design objectives was to include tubular bells in the tall slender towers. It has been said that through his sound studies for these bells, Gaudi developed his musical sentiments most fully. Through the sound of bells, accompanied by song, he imagined a festive environment around the temple. These considerations might be seen as reflecting the overall spirit of the time, as Catalonia was in effect experiencing a cultural rebirth known as the Renaixenca . Originating with the call of the poets, this time of exuberant growth for Catalonia was one that was built upon the rebirth of language. As a result, language through poetry continued to be celebrated throughout the century, particularly through annual poetic contests called the Jocs Florals. This paper studies the facade of the Nativity as a expression of this culturally exuberant time by exploring how the Jocs Florals, and poetry in general, may have played a role in shaping its form and sound. The study also acknowledges the fact that Gaudi's inspiration for his design was derived from symbolism associated with the Catholic liturgy. The result is architecture that might be described as a union of religious and cultural symbolism, yet ultimately its festive expression is a poetic one. As such, the Sagrada Familia might be described as a celebration that is a call to gathering.

Actualmente, un número creciente de estudiantes chinos participan en el mercado educativo global. Sin embargo, debido a la gran disparidad cultural entre los países occidentales y asiáticos, su adaptación resulta particularmente difícil. En este sentido, son pocas los estudios que han explorado la influencia de los comportamientos enraizados en el Confusionismo, en especial a los estudiantes chinos que realizan estudios de doctorado en Europa. Focalizando a los estudiantes chinos que realizan estudios de doctorado en la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB) (España), este estudio explora los desafíos que encuentran en sus relaciones interpersonales, así como las estrategias de afrontamiento que implementan para su mejor adaptación al contexto académico y social. Participaron de manera voluntaria veinte estudiantes chinos que se encontraban realizando su doctorado en la UAB. El estudio siguió la metodología de incidentes críticos, aplicándose métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los datos se recolectaron a través de un cuestionario y entrevistas, relativos a incidentes críticos, breves descripciones de eventos vitales y de estrategias de afrontamiento que los estudiantes recordaban como experiencias significativas en las dimensiones académica, psicológica y socio-cultural. El diseño de los cuestionarios se basó en la bibliografía acerca de los factores y estrategias relacionadas con los incidentes críticos en las dimensiones exploradas. La entrevista posterior se centró en las respuestas más relevantes del cuestionario, a fin de fomentar la reflexión de los participantes sobre sus experiencias y sobre el esfuerzo para conseguir comportamientos más ajustados a las exigencias socioeducativas de la UAB. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el Paquete Estadístico para Ciencias Sociales (SPSS) versión 19.0, y el software ATLAS.ti versión 6.2, para el análisis de datos cualitativos. Los resultados mostraron diversos factores que influyen en la adaptación de los estudiantes de doctorado en la UAB. Los datos de mayor interés fueron algunas de las breves descripciones de los acontecimientos identificados como incidentes críticos por los estudiantes chinos en las dimensiones académica, sociocultural y psicológica. Los factores que los determinan se presentan entrelazados entre sí y afectan la participación de los estudiantes chinos en la vida cotidiana en Cataluña. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que los mayores desafíos para los estudiantes chinos que realizan estudios de doctorado se sitúan en la dimensión académica y se relacionan con las competencias lingüísticas, la relación con los docentes y con el esfuerzo para adaptarse a las particularidades del sistema educativo de la UAB. Además, los estudiantes que participaron en el estudio se refirieron a la interrelación con los docentes y con el sistema de enseñanza como una situación extremadamente importante. Este escenario puede afectar las habilidades de los estudiantes de doctorado de origen chino para afrontar las interrelaciones educativas en el nuevo entorno académico. Por otra parte, el análisis también pone de relieve que la interacción con los estudiantes autóctonos se encuentra en la raíz de los problemas que afectan a los estudiantes chinos en la dimensión socio-cultural y en la psicológica. La falta de conexión interpersonal y de interdependencia emocional con sus compañeros puede influir en su capacidad de adaptación a la cultura catalana. Sobre la base de estos hallazgos, el estudio sugiere algunas implicaciones de interés para los docentes y para los estudiantes.
An increasing number of students from China participate in the global educational market nowadays. However, due to the large cultural disparity between Western and Asian countries, their adaptation is particularly challenging. As there is a lack of research exploring Confucian-heritage students’ academic adaptation, especially Chinese Ph.D. students in Europe. Focusing on Chinese Ph.D. students’ adaptation to new academic challenging experience, this study reflects the experience of a number of them in a particular new environment: at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), in Spain. It attempts to investigate the significant challenges in their interpersonal relations and coping strategies for a better academic and social adaptation during their stay. Additionally, this study also aims to explore what adaptation strategies have been applied to the new academic environment by the Chinese students. Twenty Chinese Ph.D. students were voluntarily involved in this study. Based on the critical incidents methodology, qualitative and quantitative methods were applied. The data were collected through Questionnaires and interviews, regarding specific critical incidents, with brief descriptions of vivid events and selected coping strategies that students remember as being meaningful in their academic, psychological and social experience. The questionnaires designed were based on bibliography about factors and strategies related to critical incidents. The interview thereafter developed focused on the most relevant aspects of questionnaire, encouraging participants to reflect on their unique experience and efforts to adjust their behavior to the academic and social demands of the UAB, during their stay. For the data analyses, the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 19.0 and ATLAS.Ti Qualitative Data Analysis Software 6.2 were used. Data analysis has indicated many factors that have influenced their immersion and individual, personal experience in the UAB. The most important ones covered the critical incidents from the academic, sociocultural and psychological dimension. These factors intertwined and influenced Chinese Ph.D. student’s participation into the Catalan life. Results highlight that the biggest challenges for Chinese Ph. D. students are in the academic dimension and related to language abilities, teacher and teaching relationship and adaptation / getting used to the new education system at the UAB. In addition, for this group, the teacher and teaching relationship became extremely important situation during adaptation to the new academic environment. It may influence Chinese Ph. D. students’ abilities for coping due to teacher and teaching relationship in academic dimension. Moreover, the analysis also highlights that the interaction with host nationals was found the root of problems influencing Chinese students in the sociocultural and psychological dimension. It may also influence their abilities for coping due to interpersonal connectedness and emotional interdependence in Catalan culture. Based on these findings, the study suggests some meaningful implications for both educators and students.

In this work, several aspects have been studied and compared between Spain and Sweden in what respects to planned and existing High-Speed (HS) line, respectively: Stockholm- Malmö/Copenhagen and Madrid-Barcelona AVE. Population aspects have been studied with the result of a big difference between both corridors; however, it has been also found out that the impact of the lower populated Swedish cities along the corridor is not as negative as it is expected because of the regional and medium distance service that the new HS line will provide. In relation with the economic aspects, although indexes like GPD and income per inhabitant are similar along both corridors, the service sector is more developed along the Swedish HS line. This results in a better predisposition of the Swedish regions to take advantage from the HS. On the other hand, it has been realized a study about the Spanish AVE supply along the corridor, analysing it from before the HS stars up to nowadays, paying special attention to its competition with the plane. According to the studied data, the high speed became the railway from an obsolete mode of transport into a competitive one along the corridor, competing directly versus the plane. The research about the previous situation of the Spanish corridor before the HS and the research made on the Swedish current scenario, involving the reason that brought Spain to the construction, have been analyzed and concluded that the picture in both countries was and is different between each other; both in the previous conditions of the track and the supply intentions toward the future. Both in the Spanish and Swedish corridor, a comparison based on the transport variables: cost, time, accessibility, comfort and frequency have been done attending three different passenger profiles: business, leisure and low-fare. The results from the Swedish cases: current line and future HS, show some changes of the different modes suitability, where the train goes from the second place to the first one. Besides, a simple accessibility analysis on the southern main Swedish railway line has been carried out in order to see how the HS will change accessibility. They show that the line will reinforce the north/south connection and substantially increase the accessibility in some regional centres. Finally, in order to complete the future impact of the high speed in Sweden, several international experiences from well establish high speed lines have been gathered and compared with the Swedish scenario.

In recent years, the ‘right to the city’ has emerged as a key concept and practice amongst both academics and social movements around which to organise a response to the crisis of Fordist production and political representation. In Spain this response has taken to the streets, with millions of people coming together and shouting ‘They don’t represent us!’. As a key site of both neoliberal urban governance and political insurgency, Barcelona provides a powerful site through which to examine the relationships between urban social movements, urban governance and struggles around the right to the city. In this thesis I build a (partial and provisional) genealogy of the right to the city, examining the relevance of those struggles that have emerged inside and against neoliberal governmentality since the early 1980s in an effort to assemble the right to the city through the material combination of struggles around urban production and citizenship rights. To do this, I return to the relation between genesis and management as an uneven dialectic in the production of rights; drawing on and building new connections between post-colonial studies, autonomous marxist debates, critical studies of citizenship and urban studies to investigate how strangers, outsiders and the governed challenge European capitalism from inside and assert a different imagination of contemporary urban life. I also explore my own role in these dynamics. In contrast to an understanding of academic knowledge as analytical and objective representation, my position as both a militant and a researcher provides the ground upon which I analyse social movements as a factory of concepts and practices capable of assembling an instituent politics against neoliberal governmentality.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
A dissertação aqui presente estuda pela primeira vez, a infecção pelo circovirus aviário (Beak and Feather Disease Virus - BFDV) em aves psitacídeas na região espanhola da Catalunha, entre 2005 e 2008. O BFDV provoca a doença do bico e penas dos psitacídeos (Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease - PBFD), cuja apresentação clínica depende de vários factores relativos à ave infectada, ao ambiente e ao genótipo viral. A doença é observada em aves de cativeiro de todo o mundo e em aves selvagens de África e do Pacífico, colocando em risco a conservação de algumas espécies ameaçadas. É apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema abordando a caracterização da doença em termos de etiologia, patogenicidade, quadros clínicos, diagnóstico, tratamento e profilaxia. Através de amostras maioritariamente sanguíneas de 1348 animais de pelo menos 83 espécies diferentes, foi testada pelo método da reacção em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) a presença do DNA viral. Os animais estudados são na esmagadora maioria nascidos em cativeiro em países europeus e residentes da região. Tendo em conta os resultados de estudos anteriores e de diferentes regiões geográficas, encontrou-se um valor de prevalência relativamente reduzido (2,60%±0,8%). Certos grupos taxonómicos revelaram maior prevalência da infecção (Ecletus sp., Agapornis sp. Ara sp. e Psittacus erithacus ssp.), enquanto noutros não se encontraram animais positivos em todo o estudo. Não foi encontrada qualquer associação estatística entre a infecção por BFDV e o sexo ou a presença de Chlamydophila sp. Foi estudado o quadro clínico de 26 animais positivos e foi possível observar que 49% não apresentavam sintomas no momento da colheita de sangue. O quadro clínico agudo apenas se observou em Psittacus erithacus ssp. e Ecletus roratus ssp.
ABSTRACT - Studies on the detection of Avian Circovirus in domestic psittacines in Barcelona region - Spain - ~This dissertation studies for the first time the avian circovirus (BFDV) infection in psittacine birds in the Spanish region of Catalonia, between 2005 and 2008. BFDV is the etiologic agent of the Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD), whose clinical presentation depends on various factors relative to the infected bird, environment and viral genotype. The disease is observed in captive birds worldwide and in wild birds in Africa and Pacific, putting at risk the conservation of some endangered species. A literature review is presented approaching the etiology, pathogenicity, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis. The presence of viral DNA was tested by PCR in blood samples from 1348 animals of about 83 different species. Most of the tested animals were captive born in European countries and living in Catalonia region. Comparing to other similar studies and from different geographic regions, the prevalence value was relatively low (2,60%±0,8). Certain taxonomic groups revealed higher infection prevalence (Ecletus sp., Agapornis sp., Ara sp. e Psittacus erithacus ssp.), while in other species no positive birds were found in the whole study. No statistical relation was found between BFDV infection and sex or the presence of Chlamydophila sp. The clinical presentation in 26 positive animals was studied and it was observed that 49% didn’t show any symptoms at the moment of the blood sample collection. The acute clinical presentation was observed in Psittacus erithacus ssp. and Ecletus roratus ssp. species.

The European Union expansion in 2004 has resulted in the most significant migration within Europe in recent years. While a contemporary understanding of multicultural Europe often emerges from politicians’ ideas on managing diversity, this thesis concentrates on a new understanding of multicultural societies which emerges from routine interaction between the recent arrivals and established individuals. These new patterns of interaction are a result of what Gilroy (2004) calls conviviality. While the literature on conviviality tends to focus on non-white ethnic minorities, my study fills the gap in research by concentrating on convivial experience of recent migrants coming from a predominantly white society to super-diverse cities. This research empirically explores how convivial culture emerges in encounters between Polish migrant women and the local population in Manchester and Barcelona, in the context of post-2004 migration. By applying a cross-cultural comparative and gendered approach to research on conviviality, the thesis focuses on Polish presence increasingly affecting multiple and complex relations situated in a specific time and place, and positioned by personal biographies. It develops the conceptualisation of conviviality by drawing on the historic and contemporary forms of convivencia in the Spanish and Latin American context. This allows an understanding of conviviality as a practical and dynamic process grounded in daily interactions. Furthermore, the conceptual framework is situated within the emerging field of geographies of encounters, and literature on race, racism and whiteness. It draws on the combination of methods, including participant observation, focus groups and narrative interviews conducted with Polish migrant women in Manchester and Barcelona. It stresses the importance of a person-centred approach through a use of cases. This contributes to a better understanding of everyday social relations between these women and the local population, including settled ethnic minorities and other migrants. The empirically explored narratives shed light on interaction in a myriad of quotidian situations in various spaces of the neighbourhoods, homes and in the workplaces. These encounters illustrate various forms of conviviality not necessarily free from tensions and classed, racialised and gendered perceptions of the Other.

Clasificada como la quinta población minoritaria más grande de España, la población china ha experimentado un crecimiento exponencial en los últimos 20 años y ha incrementado de manera importante su presencia en la Península Ibérica en donde ha tomado partido de su modelo económico y de las conexiones económicas, comerciales, turísticas e incluso culturales que se desarrollan a través del continente de Eurasiático. La composición de la comunidad china en España se ha complejizado tanto si se toman en cuenta sus procedencias o lugares de origen, como si se analizan sus antecedentes educativos y socioeconómicos. Mientras más y más inmigrantes llegan a España, la segunda generación —o incluso posteriores generaciones— de migrantes chinos han comenzado a asumir las principales responsabilidades comunitarias y a desempeñar el papel de pilar de la comunidad étnica. El presente estudio aborda el problema de la adaptación intercultural entre los diferentes grupos de la comunidad china en España, basado en la premisa de que la cultura, como un lenguaje complicado que involucra múltiples capas de códigos y símbolos verbales y no verbales, puede ser transmitida a través de la comunicación. La tesis presentada tiene tres objetivos a cumplir. El primero se concentra en la medición de la identificación cultural y étnica hacia la cultura receptora con el fin de clasificar los diferentes grupos de inmigrantes de acuerdo a cuatro modelos de aculturación. El primer objetivo se establece para comprobar si la generación y el nivel socioeconómico ejercen una influencia directa en la identificación cultural de los inmigrantes. El segundo objetivo consiste en explorar las relaciones entre el modo de aculturación, la competencia de adaptación sociocultural y la salud psicológica de los inmigrantes chinos. El tercer objetivo se orienta hacia averiguar qué estrategias de afrontamiento son tomadas por los inmigrantes para responder a las dificultades de adaptación. Dentro de este objetivo se analizan también las posibles causas de las estrategias adoptadas. Utilizando una metodología mixta de encuestas cuantitativas y entrevistas cualitativas, la presente investigación conduce a conclusiones y resultados de análisis que demuestran que las condiciones socio-económicos y la generación tienen un gran impacto en el modo de aculturación, y que el modo de aculturación está estrechamente relacionado con la competencia de adaptación sociocultural. El estudio comprueba asimismo que la salud psicológica es irrelevante para ambos. Los resultados de la parte cualitativa de la investigación señalan que los inmigrantes de diferentes tipos tienden a adoptar diferentes estrategias de afrontamiento para responder a las dificultades encontradas en su vida intercultural. En términos generales, todos los inmigrantes tienen el deseo subjetivo de integrarse en las actividades principales de la sociedad española, pero entre ellos se producen diferentes resultados de adaptación debido a diversos tipos de condiciones y complejidades que delimitan y marcan tendencias de acuerdo a diferentes grupos y modos de aculturación. Es previsible que en cuanto haya más descendientes de los migrantes chinos, mayor será el grado de identificación con la cultura de acogida. Por último, el estudio sugiere algunas formas prácticas para dar una orientación más efectiva a la comunidad china en su camino hacia la integración en la sociedad española.
Ranking as the fifth largest minority in Spain, The Chinese population has undergone an exponential growth during the last 20 years, getting increasingly noticeable in Spain, due to its remarkable economic model in connections with China across the Eurasia continent. The composition of Chinese community in Spain has become increasingly variegated either in terms of place of origin or of educational and socioeconomic backgrounds. While more and more recent new immigrants arrive in Spain, the second or subsequent generations of the eldest first generation immigrants have started to assume responsibility and play the role of mainstay of the ethnic community. The present study addresses the problem of cross-cultural adaptation among different groups of the Chinese community in Spain, based on the premise that culture, like a complicated language that involves multiple layers of verbal and nonverbal codes and symbols, can be conveyed through communication. It has three objectives to be accomplished. The first is to measure host/ethnic cultural identification so as to classify different immigrant groups into acculturation modes. This objective is set to understand whether generation and socioeconomic status exert influence on immigrants’ cultural identification. The second is to figure out the relations between acculturation mode, socio-cultural adaptation competence and psychological health among Chinese immigrants. The third objective is to find out what coping strategies are taken by immigrants to deal with adaptation difficulties and the possible causes are explored, too. Using a mixed approach of quantitative survey and qualitative interviews, the current investigation leads to findings and analysis results that demonstrate that socioeconomic and generation have great impact on acculturation mode, that acculturation mode is closely related to socio-cultural adaptation competence, and that psychological health is irrelevant to both of them. The results of the qualitative part show that immigrants of different types tend to adopt different coping strategies to confront difficulties met in their intercultural life. Generally speaking, all immigrants have the subjective wish of integrating into the mainstream Spanish society, but among them are produced different adaptation outcomes because of multi-layered conditions which demarcate them into different acculturative groups. For those integrated immigrants, internal cognitive identification as well as external actions combined together speed up their integration process. The separated immigrants, despite of their subjective willingness to integrate into the Spanish society, they have neither urgent motives nor access to cultural integration due to various structural and environmental limitations. There are a few marginalized immigrants who are identified with neither the Spanish host culture nor the Chinese ethnic community, unable to proceed in the direction of higher acculturation and upward mobility in the mainstream society and afraid to go back to China because of return adaptation difficulties to a dramatically changing China. The assimilated group is mainly composed of those second-generation offspring of higher socioeconomic origin. It is predictable that more descendants of the Chinese will identify themselves with the host culture. Besides, active practical measures are suggested to give more effective guidance to the Chinese community on the journey of integration into the Spanish society.

El procés de depuració de funcionaris del conjunt de l’Administració de l’Estat, fou una de les diverses i variades potes del bast sistema repressiu franquista. Com en el cas de la elecció dels càrrecs polítics que havien de dirigir les diverses Corporacions locals i provincials, el principal objectiu de la depuració era assolir un elevat grau de fidelitat política en els escalafons funcionarials. Detectar i destituir els desafectes, així com verificar la lleialtat política i ideològica de la totalitat del funcionariat que no fora expulsat de l’Administració fou el que animà als diversos tribunals depuradors escampats arreu del país. Ara bé, la depuració també esdevindria l’instrument essencial per a coadjuvar a la reconfiguració completa de l’Administració de l’Estat. No només servirà per a reprimir els contraris sinó que permetrà enquadrar al conjunt del funcionariat, disciplinar-lo fèrriament i subordinar-lo jeràrquicament, a imatge i semblança de la subordinació establerta, pels càrrecs polítics de les diverses administracions estatals. La depuració de funcionaris, també es mostrà indispensable per a premiar a tots aquells que durant la Guerra Civil s’havien significat a favor del règim, ja fos lluitant en els exèrcits del bàndol sollevat, ja fos en la reraguarda o en les ‘quintacolumnes’ de les zones republicanes. També per a premiar a tots aquells que haguessin patit les conseqüències de l’enfrontament armat, ja directament, com els mutilats o els captius, ja indirectament com les vídues o orfes de militars franquistes. Les polítiques franquistes orientades a reservar un volum substancial, al menys del 80%, de les places vacants a l’administració per a aquests col·lectius requerien de la prèvia actuació dels tribunals depuradors. Per altra banda, la depuració també servir per a ajustar les plantilles del conjunt de les administracions de l’Estat. En alguns casos, aquestes plantilles havien estat sobredimensionades per la inveterada costum, a esquerra i dreta, de col·locar en les institucions públiques els partidaris. En d’altres casos, l’aprimament de personal vingué forçat per les constriccions pressupostàries que seguiren a la finalització de la Guerra Civil. Amb el procés de depuració en marxa sovint es feu de la necessitat, virtut. Analitzar el procés de depuració franquista a l’Ajuntament de Barcelona presenta un especial interès per diversos motius. En primer lloc es tracta d’una institució amb un volum considerable de personal funcionari, fet que permet una anàlisi quantitativa destacable. El procés de depuració expedientà a 7.100 funcionaris, incoant-ne, això és, presentant càrrecs, prop de 2.500 funcionaris. Amb un volum d’aquestes característiques, si bé la casuística pot ser il·limitada, les dades resultants tenen una significació estadística alta. Fins on sabem, no s’ha realitzat un estudi d’aquestes característiques en el nostre país. En segon lloc, l’Ajuntament de Barcelona era, en aquell moment, una de les institucions més importants de l’Estat espanyol. Probablement, la segona institució més important del país després de el govern de l’Estat. Aquesta importància no només radicava en el extraordinari volum de funcionaris de que disposava, sinó també en el nombre i nivell de competències de gestió pública assolides. El singular procés històric patit per la ciutat de Barcelona, sacsejada per un fort procés d’industrialització i la conseqüent emergència i expansió de la classe obrera, o la seva conversió en seu i punta de llança de formacions polítiques regionalistes que aspiraven a majors quotes d’autogovern i de descentralització politicoadministrativa, son dos exemples que mostren que, en relatiu poc temps, Barcelona s’havia convertit en, possiblement, la més complexa de totes les ciutats de l’Estat espanyol. L’Ajuntament de Barcelona era un fidel reflex d’aquesta complexitat i la seva rellevància política presenta poca comparació amb cap altre institució municipal del país. Per altra banda, la rellevància simbòlica de la ciutat de Barcelona i de la seva principal institució no és un fet menor: la descarnada lluita de classes que patí la ciutat en diversos períodes històrics, l’ascens de la CNT/FAI com a poder determinant durant la Guerra Civil i la consideració per part dels franquistes de capital del separatisme li atorguen un lloc preeminent en la història contemporània espanyola. Finalment, la depuració de funcionaris a l’Ajuntament de Barcelona presenta l’interès que s’inicià a punt de finalitzar la Guerra Civil, amb la victòria assegurada del bàndol franquista. El règim franquista establí els criteris depuradors amb una llei ex professo que sistematitzava i fixava les diverses normatives decretades amb anterioritat. Ara bé, un cop assolida la victòria, el nou règim no seria aliè a la necessitat de conciliar els interessos repressors, d’enquadrament i de promoció dels vencedors, amb certs nivells d’eficiència en els serveis públics, sabedors que part de la seva legitimitat, un cop assolida la victòria, passava per a un funcionament raonablement competent de l’aparell de l’Estat.
The civil servants purge process of the entire state administration, was one of the diverse and various branches of the repressive Francoist system. In the election of political posts who had to manage the diverse local and provincial corporations, was to obtain an elevated degree of political trust in the civil servant ranking, the main objective of purge. Detecting and depriving the disaffected, as well as verifying political and ideological loyalty of remaining servants in its entirety, encouraged the courts located all over the country. However, purge would also become the essential resource to contribute to the whole new configuration of the State Administration. It would not only be useful to repress adversaries, but also to fit, discipline and subordinate servants in a hierarchical way, stipulated by the political posts of the several state administrations. The civil servants' purge, was also essential for those who joined the regime to be awarded, either those who had fought in the revolted side army or in the rearguard, or even in the 'quintacolumnas' of the republican zones. In addition, to reward those who had suffered consequences of armed combat, in a direct way, as mutilated or prisoners, or indirectly, as widowers or orphans of Francoist soldiers. The Francoist policy reserved at least an 80% of the administration vacant posts to those who required a previous intervention of purge trust. Furthermore, the State administration staff was adjusted after purge. In some cases, the staff was oversized as a result of habit for both, Lefts and Rights, to set up its own supporters in public institutions. Besides, after the end of the Civil War, due to budget limitations, the reduction of staff was unavoidable indeed. Evaluating the process of Francoist purge of Barcelona's council, is in several ways an interesting subject. On the one hand, the institution had a considerable amount of civil servants, which allows an important quantitative analysis. They made a file on 7.100 civil servants and they started proceedings against almost 2.500. Taking into account such an unlimited casuistic, the statistical results are highly significant. As far as we are concerned, never before has been done in our country such a similar study. On the other hand, at that time, was Barcelona's council one of the most important institutions of the Spanish state. Probably, the second after the state government. Not only for its staff volume, but also for the high number and level of public management competences. The special historical process occurred in the city of Barcelona, as a result of industrialization and the emergence and expansion of the working class, or the innovating political regionalists parties, which aspired to major quotes of self-government in either political and administrative aspects, are two good examples to demonstrate how Barcelona had probably become the most complex city in the Spanish state. The court of Barcelona was a faithful reflect of this complexity and its political relevance is hardly comparable to any other council institution of the country. In addition, the symbolic relevance of Barcelona and its main institution is not a minor matter: the grim class struggle occurred in the city in several historical periods, the rise of CNT/FAI as a determining authority during the Civil War and the fact that Francoists considered Barcelona as the separatists capital, conferred the city to a pre-eminent place in the contemporary Spanish history. Finally, the civil servants purge in the Council of Barcelona became even more interesting when the Civil War was about to finish, once Francoist victory success was ensured. The Francoist regime established the purge guidelines by means of a specific law, which ruled and regulated previous decrees. Having said that, after victory, the new regimen was not unaware of the necessity to find a balance between the repressor’s interests, the winners' promotion, and certain level of public services efficiency, knowing that they had to guarantee an appropriate operating state, as part of their legitimacy.

« L’urbanisation ruralisée », présente dès les premiers écrits d’Ildefonso Cerdá (1815-1876), occupe dans son oeuvre une place grandissante, au point de faire l’objet d’un traité qui ne nous est malheureusement pas parvenu. A travers ce concept, l’ingénieur catalan, connu pour son plan d’extension de Barcelone, entend d’une part, dans une perspective hygiéniste, assainir la ville en y systématisant les espaces verts, d’autre part penser l’extension urbaine et désenclaver le territoire espagnol par le biais d’une urbanisation totale où la frontière entre villes et campagnes disparaîtrait. La présente thèse retrace la genèse de cette notion en revenant sur le parcours de Cerdá, sur l’émergence de ce qu’il appelle lui-même « l’idée urbanisatrice » et sur la manière dont elle fut mise en oeuvre à Barcelone, sous la forme si caractéristique du quartier de l’Eixample. En voulant adapter la ville contemporaine aux exigences de la société industrielle, dont l’essence est le mouvement, Cerdá emprunte la « voie romaine » en puisant son inspiration dans l’Antiquité : l’organisation territoriale qu’il préconise, basée sur l’étalement urbain, l’habitat dispersé, l’orthogonalité et l’homogénéité de l’espace – ce que recouvre précisément la notion d’« urbanisation ruralisée » – réactualise en effet les modèles antiques d’occupation et de colonisation de l’espace. L’analyse de ce concept invite donc à porter un nouveau regard sur Barcelone et sur son extension, certes synonyme de modernité voire de modernisme, mais dont les principes viennent paradoxalement de la campagne et du passé. L’évolution de « l’idée urbanisatrice » vers « l’urbanisation ruralisée » étant particulièrement perceptible dans les deux premiers livres de la Théorie générale de l’urbanisation (1867), une traduction en est proposée en annexe, afin de permettre au lecteur francophone d’éprouver par lui-même la richesse d’une pensée encore largement méconnue
The notion of “ruralized urbanization”, present in Ildefonso Cerdá’s (1815-1876) first writings, plays a more and more important role in his work. At the end of his life, it also was the subject of a treaty that never reached us. With this concept, the Catalan Engineer, known for his plan of the extension of Barcelona, aims, in a hygienist perspective, to improve health conditions in the city by the introduction of a green system. He also wants to think the urban development and the opening up of Spanish territory by a total urbanization that would transcend boundaries between rural and urban spaces. This thesis attempts to trace the genesis of this concept by exploring Cerda’s life, the advent of the “urbanization idea” and the manner in which it was achieved in Barcelona, in the so typical form of the Eixample area. Whilst intending to adapt the contemporary city, based on the movement, to the industrial society needs, Cerdá takes the roman road, inspired by the Antiquity. The territorial organization he recommends, based on urban spreading, orthogonal structure and space uniformity – what “ruralized urbanization” really means – gives an up-to-date dimension to the ancient models of space occupation and colonisation. This analysis of this concept encourages a new view on Barcelona and on its extension, surely synonymous of modernity and modernism, but which principles come ironically from the countryside and from the past. Considering the evolution of the “ruralized urbanization” is the very subject of the two first parts of the General theory of urbanization (1867), a translation into French is given in the appendix, what could allow to a francophone reader to experiment the depth of a still unrecognized thinking by himself

Most coastal aquifers undergo seawater intrusion. Mitigating this risk depends on a sound knowledge of flow mechanisms, well located and constructed wells, an effective management, suitable policies and the desire to conserve the aquifer. To this end, a comprehensive geological model is essential. The single most important question that the geological model should address is the degree and nature of the connection of the aquifer to the sea. Differences in the connection explain why apparently similar coastal aquifers display very different salinitzation behavior. Some aquifers salinize with moderate pumping (eg. Tordera and Llobregat deltas) whereas others sustain large extractions with lower vulnerability to seawater intrusion (eg. Ter delta). However, the characterization of such a connection is not easy given the lack of onshore-offshore geological mapping potential pathways for seawater contamination.
This thesis is focused on sequence stratigraphy, which is necessary to understand the onshore-offshore aquifer connection, thus modifying the classical hydrogeological conceptual models. The methodology of sequence stratigraphy offers a perspective of delta architecture based on geological controls and processes. Sequence stratigraphic concepts are used in Western Mediterranean deltas in addition to local factors, such as subsidence, uplift and the rate of sediment supply to account for differences in Pleistocene stratigraphic patterns and aquifer preservation. These local factors exert an influence over the shape, slope and thickness of aquifers. Together with the width of the continental shelf, the presence of submarine canyons, faults and thin prodelta layers conditions vulnerability to seawater intrusion.
The Quaternary Mediterranean shelf is characterized by high-frequency depositional sequences mainly composed of large-scale regressive wedges with poor or poorly preserved transgressive to highstand intervals. Although the Llobregat delta is an anomaly, it serves as a paradigm of deltaic architecture because of its well preserved transgressive and highstand intervals. The well preserved coarse transgressive deposits are important from hydrogeological point of view. They act as aquifers with high lateral continuity from onshore to offshore providing paths for seawater intrusion.
The excellent preservation in the Llobregat delta may be a consequence of Quaternary growth faults, which caused high accommodation space, limiting the action of wave and storm events. The identification of different seismic units and deformation features along the coast makes it possible to distinguish two main morpho-structural sectors. These sectors can be influenced by tectonic movements, which may be intensified by sediment supply changes.
Detailed sedimentological, age and paleontological (foraminifera and ostracods) data display a cyclic vertical pattern of facies, including a high degree of reworked sediments. Available ages together with high sediment preservation due to constant subsidence and sediment supply during sea level rises allow us to establish a chronostratigraphic framework. The most significant and widespread erosion were interpreted as occurring during gradual sea-level falls with a frequency of 100 Kyr. glacial-interglacial cycles. However, most of the regressive deposits display complex internal architectures, which suggest the imprint of higher-frequency cycles.
The stacking pattern of the modern Holocene delta is controlled by changes in the relative sea-level and in the sediment supply. Paleofloods frequencies controlled by climatic changes and intensified by anthropic activity caused an important progradational pulses in the Llobregat delta and the channel switching with the rapid abandonment of the delta lobes.

What happens in institutions like schools or hospitals when local service provision overlaps with the control of national borders? Such overlap is unavoidable if unlawful residents are to be excluded from mainstream public services. With this explicit aim, governments not only modify the rules and established practices of welfare provision, but also encourage the people who administer and deliver these services to incorporate the logic of immigration control into their everyday work. To identify and better understand the concrete mechanisms that either help or hinder such internalisation of immigration control, this study systematically compares three spheres of service provision – healthcare, education and social assistance – across two distinctive legal-political environments: Barcelona/Spain and London/UK. Looking at official policies as well as their implementation, it primarily draws on a total of almost 90 semi-structured interviews with irregular residents, providers and administrators of local services, and representatives of NGOs and local government. Its innovative analytical framework helps to map and explain the significant variation in how immigration control works within different institutions and how individual actors occupying key positions in these can reproduce, contest, or readjust formal structures of inclusion and exclusion. While the way in which national – but also sub-national – governments frame and address irregular migration plays an important role, certain sectors of welfare provision and some categories of ‘street-level-bureaucrats' are generally more likely to internalise immigration control than others. This reflects different degrees of professionalisation and individual discretion, but also attachment to different institutional logics and objectives. Drawing on organisation theory, the study also traces institutional responses to these external demands, which are key to understand the varying degrees of internal resistance. The thesis offers an original and empirically grounded perspective on the consequences and inherent limitations of internalised control and contributes to general debates on the effectiveness of immigration policy.

In a context characterised by the shift from fordism to post-fordism in the Iberian peninsula, this thesis addresses the following question how are capital, governments and social movements organised in the processes of integration and resistance that affect foreign immigration' in Barcelona and Lisbon? Thus, in the first chapter, an analysis of the concept of "integration" is undertaken in order to understand the complexities and elusiveness that hide behind it, giving special attention to immigrants' integration literature. A distinction between systemic integration and social integration is adopted, and thus in the second chapter recent theorisation on capital and the state (i. e. systemic institutions) is approached, while in the third chapter social movements and organisations are taken into account. In chapter four epistemological and methodological elements are noted. The last three chapters are devoted to analyse original fieldwork data (mainly qualitative interviews): chapter 6 analyses immigration governmental policies at European, 'national-state', 'national-regional', and local levels; chapter 7 studies social and capital organisations in Barcelona in relation to 'foreign immigration'; and in chapter 8 social and capital organisations are studied in relation to 'foreign immigration' in Lisbon. Finally, some conclusions are revealed whilst other questions are posed.

Esta tesis es un estudio de las migraciones granadinas a mediados del siglo XX, fundamentalmente acerca de sus causas y también sobre aspectos concretos de las múltiples formas de inserción espacial y laboral que desarrollaron los granadinos en la Barcelona de posguerra. Los ámbitos geográficos escogidos son principalmente numerosas localidades rurales granadinas, distribuidas por la práctica totalidad de la provincia y la ciudad de Barcelona, incluyendo diversas ciudades industriales de su área metropolitana. El período investigado comprende las dos primeras décadas de la dictadura franquista, 1940 y 1950, aunque incorpora en el primer capítulo una perspectiva histórica de mayor alcance. El primer capítulo trata de situar el desarrollo económico de Granada previo a la guerra civil y el desarrollo del movimiento obrero granadino hasta el final de la contienda. Usamos para ello una perspectiva de largo alcance para comprender determinadas particularidades de la configuración histórica y social de la provincia de Granada. Mencionamos los antecedentes migratorios de la población granadina, para analizar el papel que este fenómeno desempeñó en las estrategias de las clases subalternas de la provincia. Finalmente analizamos el desarrollo del movimiento obrero en la provincia de Granada y su evolución, deteniéndonos particularmente en el periodo de la II República y la guerra civil. El segundo capítulo se enmarca completamente dentro del período investigado y aborda el estudio de las causas del fenómeno migratorio en la posguerra. De ese modo, reconstruimos las diversas modalidades de la represión, vinculadas a la implantación de la dictadura franquista y su relación con la emigración de los trabajadores granadinos. Partiendo de la experiencia del retorno de los excombatientes republicanos, este capítulo trata de profundizar en el conocimiento de las múltiples fracturas intracomunitarias que ocasionó el resultado de la guerra civil. Por su parte, el tercer capítulo también está destinado a analizar las causas de la emigración de la población rural granadina, en este caso a través de un análisis de la crisis del mundo agrícola y como afecto a la segmentada estructura social de la Granada rural. En este capítulo se abordan las consecuencias del fracaso de las propuestas industrializadoras en Granada. También analizamos de qué manera se vieron afectadas las economías domésticas del campesinado granadino, tanto en el caso de los jornaleros como en el de los labradores, por la implementación de las políticas agrarias del primer franquismo y los intereses de los grandes propietarios de tierra. El cuarto capítulo relata la experiencia del viaje e inserción espacial de los inmigrantes granadinos en Barcelona. En este apartado se observan las dificultades que encontraron las granadinas y granadinos para la realización de su proyecto migratorio y cuáles fueron las pautas de asentamiento que llevaron a cabo. Abordamos también un análisis de los discursos contra la inmigración que surgieron en la década de 1940 y 1950 y como afectaron a la implementación de políticas represivas contra el hecho migratorio. Ante esto, observamos el despliegue de un amplio repertorio de estrategias por parte de los granadinos inmigrados para conseguir superar los límites impuestos por la administración, en el complicado contexto de la Barcelona de posguerra. Por último, el quinto capítulo explora los mecanismos de inserción de las personas inmigradas en el mercado laboral barcelonés. En sus páginas describimos los mecanismos de inserción y principales ámbitos donde se ubicaron los trabajadores inmigrados y por qué motivos. También describimos de qué manera percibieron la reaparición de la conflictividad laboral en tierras catalanas y que reacciones tuvieron ante ello. Por último, observaremos los mecanismos que llevaron al surgimiento y transmisión de una cultura de la emigración hacia Barcelona entre la sociedad granadina.
This thesis is a study of internal Spanish migration in the mid-twentieth century, focusing on the causes and also about specific aspects of the multiple forms of community integration and job placement that migrants developed in postwar Barcelona. The geographical areas chosen are mainly numerous rural towns in the Andalusian province of Granada, distributed throughout almost the entire province and the city of Barcelona, including various industrial cities in its metropolitan area. The period under investigation covers the first two decades of the Franco dictatorship, 1940 and 1950, although the first chapter incorporates a more far-reaching historical perspective. The first chapter analyses the economic development of Granada prior to the civil war and the development of the local labour movement until the end of the conflict. The second chapter deals with the study of the causes of migration in the post-war period. To this end, we reconstruct the various forms of repression linked to the establishment of the Franco dictatorship and the relationship between the repression and the emigration of Granada’s workers. The third chapter is intended to analyze the causes of the emigration of the rural population of Granada, in this case through an analysis of agricultural crises and its effect on the stratified society of rural Granada. The fourth chapter recounts the experiences of travel and integration of immigrants from Granada to Barcelona. This section points out the difficulties for relocation faced by immigrants from Granada and what they could expect in terms of finding a home. Finally, the fifth chapter explores the dynamics of labour market insertion for immigrants in Barcelona, analyzing the sector's opportunities and conditions as well as the pressures and motives underlying migrant labour insertion.

In the last decade or so, the multiple political factions in Catalonia have adopted pro-independence initiatives in their platforms following the 2008 financial crisis. Catalonia’s position as representing a minority culture in the face of the centralized administration of Madrid presents a contentious history of fighting for the right ‘to be’, culminating in what today is viewed by many as an identity crisis.              Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Barcelona, this thesis examines how informants construct and transform their socio-cultural identities in the framework of the independence movement in Catalonia. It places informants’ experiences in the theoretical realm of ethnic boundaries, analyzing central issues of Catalan language normalization vis à vis the historical imposition of Spanish as the national language. These themes are broadened in light of the recent upsurge of Catalan secession, and explores identity politics within the background of Spanish and Catalan nationalisms.
En la última década, las múltiples facciones políticas de Cataluña han adoptado iniciativas de independencia en sus plataformas tras la crisis financiera de 2008. La posición de Cataluña como representante de una cultura minoritaria frente a la administración centralizada de Madrid presenta una historia contenciosa de lucha por el derecho 'a ser', culminando en lo que hoy muchos ven como una crisis de identidad. Basándose en el trabajo de campo llevado a cabo en Barcelona, ​​esta tesis examina cómo los informantes construyen y transforman sus identidades socioculturales en el marco del movimiento de independencia en Cataluña. Coloca las experiencias de los informantes en el ámbito teórico de las fronteras étnicas, analizando cuestiones centrales de la normalización de la lengua catalana frente a la imposición histórica del español como lengua nacional. Estos temas se amplían a la luz del reciente recrudecimiento de la secesión catalana y exploran la política de identidad en el contexto de los nacionalismos españoles y catalanes.

El tema de la fiesta ha suscitado en la reciente historiografía un gran interés, con destacadas aportaciones desde diferentes campos, como la historia del arte, la historia política renovada o la historia de las mentalidades entre otras; con la ventaja para el historiador de que la fiesta es uno de aquellos fenómenos complejos que permite, a través de su estudio, una aproximación a la tan deseada historia total. La reunión de factores diversos -económicos, sociales, políticos y culturales- hacen de la fiesta una experiencia humana e histórica global que presenta, no obstante, multitud de facetas diferentes e incluso opuestas, que nos permiten distinguir, por ejemplo, entre fiesta oficial y fiesta popular, o entre fiestas profanas y fiestas religiosas. En esta vasta panorámica festiva, las fiestas reales adquieren un relieve especial, en primer término por su magnificencia y esplendor, pero también por su gran complejidad en todos los sentidos. Esta clase de eventos, típicos de la época, adquirían en el caso de Cataluña una significación política especial por todas las vicisitudes de la integración del Principado a la monarquía hispánica, encarnada y simbolizada en el rey. Sin duda, las fiestas reales más importantes y más celebradas en Cataluña eran las que se hacían por razón de la visita del rey y de la familia real. Recuperar la presencia regia representaba, especialmente después de largos períodos de distanciamiento, uno de los momentos culminantes del encuentro entre el soberano y el pueblo. La última de las visitas reales realizada en tiempos del Antiguo Régimen a Barcelona fue la de Carlos IV en otoño de 1802, cuyas circunstancias nacionales e internacionales fueron muy diferentes a las existentes en 1759, fecha de la última presencia regia: la de su padre, Carlos IIl. Así pues, a principios del s. XIX, Barcelona (como depositaria de una larga tradición mediterránea) se transformó en corte para celebrar un doble enlace: el del príncipe de Asturias, Fernando, con la princesa napolitana María Antonia; y el del heredero de Nápoles, Francisco Genaro, con la infanta española María Isabel. En la Ciudad Condal se dieron cita la familia real española en pleno -acompañada del Príncipe de la Paz, Manuel Godoy-, los príncipes napolitanos y también los soberanos del recién creado --en virtud de los manejos italianos de Napoleón- reino de Etruria: la infanta María Luisa, hija de los reyes españoles, y su esposo Luis, infante heredero de Parma. Por diversas razones históricas, faltaron al encuentro los reyes de Nápoles. Una vez confirmada la designación de la Ciudad Condal como punto de encuentro y ratificación del enlace entre las familias reales, había que analizar exhaustivamente el tema de la organización de la ciudad. A la vez que experimentaba la transformación de la guerra a la paz, de la crisis a la abundancia económica, y de la mendicidad o la ociosidad forzosa a una actividad febril de preparativos y arreglos, Barcelona se dispuso a dejar huella en la memoria histórica de la estancia regia. En los preparativos y arreglos se tuvieron en cuenta múltiples aspectos y en los que participaron de una forma u otra, según su condición, todos los estamentos de la ciudad. Nada se dejó al azar y Barcelona brilló, como ya había hecho con Carlos IlI, ante la complejidad que supuso preparar, disponer y presentar una ciudad a los ojos de la monarquía borbónica y la multitud de forasteros desplazados expresamente para el acontecimiento. A fin de afrontar con garantías de éxito este aspecto, las autoridades barcelonesas tuvieron que resolver, en primer lugar, el tema pecuniario. Al producirse el cambio de siglo, Barcelona se encontraba sumida en una grave crisis, resultado directo de las funestas consecuencias de la guerra contra Inglaterra en la economía y en la sociedad. No fue hasta 1802 que empezó a apuntar la recuperación, gracias a las perspectivas que habían de suceder a la firma en el mes de marzo de la Paz de Amiens, que abría de nuevo las grandes rutas del comercio internacional. En este prometedor marco de recuperación se inserta la visita de Carlos IV y la familia real a la Ciudad Condal, de gran significación política para la vida ciudadana. Ahora bien, las obras y los festejos que habían de realizarse en la ciudad iban a costar muchos miles de libras y, aunque a partir de mayo la coyuntura se había vuelto francamente favorable, era necesario reunir fondos para hacer frente a los cuantiosos gastos que se avecinaban y el llevarlo a cabo no fue empresa fácil. Por ello, se ideó llevar a la práctica algunas rifas, se organizaron bailes, se solicitó la pertinente contribución de los gremios y se peticionó una cooperación económica del propio Carlos IV. Una vez obtenidos algunos caudales, el Ayuntamiento pudo por fin iniciar las obras, consistentes básicamente en el arreglo de los empedrados, la renovación de las casas, la alineación de las calles, la limpieza y pintura de las fachadas, el problema del alcantarillado, la mejora de las conducciones y el abastecimiento de agua, el aseo de la ciudad y las prevenciones en caso de incendio, tareas que enlazaban en su mayor parte con la política municipal de mejora de la infraestructura surgida con el Edicto de Obrería decretado por el conde de Ricia en 1771. Una vez examinado el entramado urbano de la ciudad, necesariamente había que implicar en esta la cuestión de los alojamientos y analizar aquellos en los que residieron la familia real, la nobleza, los Guardias de Corps y, por último, la población foránea a Barcelona desplazada a la ciudad para vivir el acontecimiento de la estancia de los reyes. Ello condujo, obviamente, al análisis de los edificios susceptibles de renovación y mejora. Junto a la organización de la ciudad se trató también el otro gran problema al que hubo de enfrentarse el Ayuntamiento: solucionar la provisión de los abastecimientos y la distribución de los nuevos puntos de venta de comestibles. A la vez que se solventaban todas estas cuestiones, se tuvo que ir disponiendo y prefijando, en primer lugar, los pormenores protocolarios y de ceremonial y recepción de las familias reales y obviamente, tras solucionar esto, organizar todos aquellos actos, diversiones y obsequios susceptibles del agrado de los monarcas. Para ello, el Ayuntamiento de Barcelona, juntamente con el cuerpo de Colegios y Gremios y el de Comercio y Fábricas, y auxiliado por los diversos sectores sociales, compusieron con sus aportaciones el marco efímero de la fiesta y organizaron los obsequios considerados como más idóneos, ayudados por los mejores artistas del momento. Reproducir el viaje y la estancia de los reyes en Barcelona significó, por un lado, poner de relieve multitud de aspectos, anecdóticos si se quiere, pero sumamente interesantes a la hora de reflejar un perfil histórico y un gran número de actos llevados a cabo desde un punto de vista tradicional y, por otro, constatar como, una vez más, dentro del periplo que compone el mundo de la fiesta y los motivos de sus manifestaciones, las visitas reales se inscriben con nombre propio, constituyendo uno de los momentos mas exaltantes de la misma, sino el que mas, el momento de la entrada real. El conjunto de la tesis permite, por tanto, concluir que todas las actividades espléndidas que se desarrollaren fueron una evocación viva del despliegue económico y urbano registrado en la Ciudad Condal a las puertas del s. XIX. La iniciativa local respondió al deseo de explicitar al rey visitante los conocimientos y el excelente gusto de los catalanes en aquellos momentos (principalmente en temas artísticos), por lo que para concluir podemos decir que se le ofreció al monarca una versión integrada y asumida desde Cataluña.
At the beginning of the 19th century, Barcelona, as depository of a long Mediterranean tradition, transformed into a court to receive the kings Carlos IV and Maria Luisa of Parma. The reason for the visit was the solemn ratification of the double weddings between the Prince of Asturias, Fernando, with the Neapolitan princess Maria Antonia; and the one of the Naples inheritor, Francisco Genaro, with the Spanish infanta Maria Isabel. Carlos IV determined this double matrimonial link due to the "Adjustment of Aranjuez". The 6th of June of that year, 1802, the weddings' 'contracts' were celebrated, and Queen Maria Luisa chose Barcelona as the frame for this memorable interchange of betrotheds. City is which all the royal Spanish family met, joined by Manuel Godoy -Prince of the Peace-, the Neapolitan Princes, and also the sovereigns of the just created kingdom of Etruria: infanta Maria Luisa, daugther of the Spanish kings, married to Luis, inheritor of Parma. Because of to several motives, Fernando I and Maria Carolina, kings of Naples, didn't go to the event. The new of the visit of the royal family extended in Barcelona at the beginning of 1802, and it awoke a great expectation. The city, which the transformation that was experienced from war to peace, immersed in a frantic activity of preparations and arrangements in which multiple aspects were taken into account, and in which all the estates of the city participated. Multiple works were made and splendid feast were organized to treat the illustrious guests, who remained in the city from the 11th of September to the 8th of November. The best artists of the moment participated in these activities; then, as a result it was one of the best moments of the ephemeral Catalan art, already placed in full Neoclassicism, without forgetting the historic circumstances that framed the event.

This thesis analyses the commercial relations between Scotland and the geo-political area known as the Iberian world in the early modern period. Despite being geographically one of the largest areas of Europe, as well as arguably the politically most weighty, there has, until this thesis, been no scholarly research on Scottish trade relations with this area. Though the archives suggest regular and sustained contact, very little is known about Scottish-Iberian connections beyond the overtly political. When compared to northern Europe the region of Iberia and its dominions differed significantly, not only due to a different branch of Christianity being practised there but also due to the influence of the Habsburg empire and the power it was perceived to give the Spanish Habsburgs. Looking predominantly at Scottish commercial contacts with Spain, the Spanish Netherlands and Portugal, this project considers a number of angles such as England's impact on Scottish commercial relations with Iberia. For example, very little would be known about Scottish commercial relations with Iberia in the late-sixteenth century if it were not for the Anglo-Spanish war of that period. The central role of conflict in Scottish-Iberian relations continues into the seventeenth century, with the Cromwellian/Stuart struggles with the Dutch Republic and later disputes between the new state of Great Britain and Habsburg Spain all affecting trade. This thesis demonstrates the important role of triangular and entrepôt trade, which was popular with Scottish merchants who wished to obtain Iberian goods without the risks of sailing into North African corsair territory. Scots did not merely pick up Iberian goods from the entrepôt markets of London and the Dutch Republic they also organised trade to Iberia and its dominions via other Scots, providing evidence of a complex trade network. Further, this thesis has sought to ascertain that, despite the lack of a large Scottish community such as those seen in Poland-Lithuania and Scandinavia, Scottish commercial relations with Iberia were valuable both to the Scottish economy and its merchants. This thesis which continues the work of the Scotland and the Wider World Project, addresses a lack of scholarly work regarding Scottish commercial connections with this key geo-political area.

Cette thèse analyse la fonction politique et identitaire du football en Espagne pendant le franquisme et la transition démocratique, en se focalisant particulièrement sur deux clubs : le Real Madrid et le FC Barcelone. L’un est considéré comme le meilleur ambassadeur de l’Espagne à l’étranger. L’autre, un instrument pour la mobilisation de l’opposition démocratique, et surtout un refuge pour les revendications de types identitaires à cette époque. Réaliser une étude sur le football peut sembler a priori ne pas s’inscrire dans une démarche scientifique. Pourtant, au-delà du sport et du divertissement, le football est un fait social, dont l’analyse est essentielle à la compréhension des sociétés contemporaines. Il mérite de ce fait une attention particulière, notamment lorsque l’on s’intéresse à l’histoire de l’Espagne, laquelle est extrêmement révélatrice des enjeux socioculturels et politiques que revêt le football dans ce pays
This thesis analyzes the political and social function of football in Francoist Spain and during the democratic transition, focusing particularly on two clubs: Real Madrid and FC Barcelona. One is considered the best ambassador of Spain abroad. And the other is an instrument for the mobilization of the democratic opposition, and above all a hub for ethno-social identity related claims at that time. A study about football may at first seem to not to belong within the scientific approach. Yet, beyond sport and entertainment, football is a social phenomenon, the analysis of which is essential to the understanding of contemporary societies. It deserves attention, especially when one is interested in the history of Spain, which is extremely revealing of the socio-cultural and political stakes that football has in this country

En adoptant, dans une ligne ancrée sur des modèles de gouvernance locale hérités du passé, la stratégie d’organiser un macro-événement pour effectuer une série de transformations urbaines sans précédent, la ville comtale s'est donnée corps et âme à une fièvre constructrice dont la ville d'aujourd'hui en est le résultat. La présente étude recherche parmi les représentations cinématographiques réalisées entre 1992 (date symbolique qui inclut celles qui ont été élaborées en prenant pour objectif les Jeux Olympiques) et 2017, date de commémoration, échos et symptômes d'un changement de perception, relatif et incomplet, par rapport au dénommé Modèle Barcelone. Cette thèse soutient que, au tournant du siècle, les anciennes réticences au discours élogieux fortement encouragé par les institutions, ont pris de l'ampleur et ont trouvé dans la création cinématographique mode d'expression et canal de communication. Progressivement, un contre-discours a émergé et le cinéma a contribué à le rendre visible. À travers le cinéma tourné à Barcelone se disent vingt-cinq années d'une biographie urbaine qui a multiplié les points d'ancrage pour atteindre et maintenir une centralité effective en tant que ville globale. Mais à mesure qu'elle cumulait les succès dans sa volonté d'internationalisation, elle intégrait pleinement, comme le montre notre corpus, la dynamique des problèmes transnationaux et devenait non seulement un modèle à suivre mais aussi à éviter. Synecdoque de la ville contemporaine dans un monde profondément urbain à l'ère de la mondialisation, la Barcelone d'aujourd'hui cherche parmi ses images à se placer dans une tension dialogique axiale entre pertinence et im-pertinence
By adopting, in a line anchored on local governance models inherited from the past, the strategy of organizing a macro-event to realize an unprecedented series of urban transformations, Barcelona has given itself body and soul to a constructive fever from which the city of today is the result. The present study searches among the cinematographic representations made between 1992 (symbolical date which includes those which were developed with the objective of the Olympic Games) and 2017, date of commemoration, echoes and symptoms of a relative and incomplete change in perception, compared to the Barcelona Model. This thesis maintains that, at the turn of the century, the old reluctance to speak about success, strongly encouraged by institutions, gained momentum and found in cinematographic creation a mode of expression and a channel of communication. Step by step, a counter-discourse emerged and the cinema helped to make it visible. Through the cinema shot in Barcelona, are narrated twenty-five years of an urban biography that has multiplied anchors to achieve and maintain effective centrality as a global city. But as it accumulated successes in its desire of internationalization, it fully integrated, as our corpus shows, the dynamics of transnational problems and became not only a model to follow but also to avoid. Synecdoche of the contemporary city in a deeply urban world in the era of globalization, the Barcelona of today seeks among its images to place itself into an axial dialogical tension between pertinence and im-pertinence

« L’urbanisation ruralisée », présente dès les premiers écrits d’Ildefonso Cerdá (1815-1876), occupe dans son oeuvre une place grandissante, au point de faire l’objet d’un traité qui ne nous est malheureusement pas parvenu. A travers ce concept, l’ingénieur catalan, connu pour son plan d’extension de Barcelone, entend d’une part, dans une perspective hygiéniste, assainir la ville en y systématisant les espaces verts, d’autre part penser l’extension urbaine et désenclaver le territoire espagnol par le biais d’une urbanisation totale où la frontière entre villes et campagnes disparaîtrait. La présente thèse retrace la genèse de cette notion en revenant sur le parcours de Cerdá, sur l’émergence de ce qu’il appelle lui-même « l’idée urbanisatrice » et sur la manière dont elle fut mise en oeuvre à Barcelone, sous la forme si caractéristique du quartier de l’Eixample. En voulant adapter la ville contemporaine aux exigences de la société industrielle, dont l’essence est le mouvement, Cerdá emprunte la « voie romaine » en puisant son inspiration dans l’Antiquité : l’organisation territoriale qu’il préconise, basée sur l’étalement urbain, l’habitat dispersé, l’orthogonalité et l’homogénéité de l’espace – ce que recouvre précisément la notion d’« urbanisation ruralisée » – réactualise en effet les modèles antiques d’occupation et de colonisation de l’espace. L’analyse de ce concept invite donc à porter un nouveau regard sur Barcelone et sur son extension, certes synonyme de modernité voire de modernisme, mais dont les principes viennent paradoxalement de la campagne et du passé. L’évolution de « l’idée urbanisatrice » vers « l’urbanisation ruralisée » étant particulièrement perceptible dans les deux premiers livres de la Théorie générale de l’urbanisation (1867), une traduction en est proposée en annexe, afin de permettre au lecteur francophone d’éprouver par lui-même la richesse d’une pensée encore largement méconnue
The notion of “ruralized urbanization”, present in Ildefonso Cerdá’s (1815-1876) first writings, plays a more and more important role in his work. At the end of his life, it also was the subject of a treaty that never reached us. With this concept, the Catalan Engineer, known for his plan of the extension of Barcelona, aims, in a hygienist perspective, to improve health conditions in the city by the introduction of a green system. He also wants to think the urban development and the opening up of Spanish territory by a total urbanization that would transcend boundaries between rural and urban spaces. This thesis attempts to trace the genesis of this concept by exploring Cerda’s life, the advent of the “urbanization idea” and the manner in which it was achieved in Barcelona, in the so typical form of the Eixample area. Whilst intending to adapt the contemporary city, based on the movement, to the industrial society needs, Cerdá takes the roman road, inspired by the Antiquity. The territorial organization he recommends, based on urban spreading, orthogonal structure and space uniformity – what “ruralized urbanization” really means – gives an up-to-date dimension to the ancient models of space occupation and colonisation. This analysis of this concept encourages a new view on Barcelona and on its extension, surely synonymous of modernity and modernism, but which principles come ironically from the countryside and from the past. Considering the evolution of the “ruralized urbanization” is the very subject of the two first parts of the General theory of urbanization (1867), a translation into French is given in the appendix, what could allow to a francophone reader to experiment the depth of a still unrecognized thinking by himself

El Diluvio fue un periódico barcelonés con una vida superior a las ocho décadas que representaba un punto de vista republicano, federalista, laico y partidario de la justicia social. Unas ideas que estuvieron perseguidas durante la mayor parte de su existencia, de 1858 a 1939. La Segunda República, en cambio, fue el marco perfecto para el desarrollo del periódico, que vivió un gran crecimiento en su tirada y tuvo una influencia muy notable en la política catalana. Fue el diario popular en la llamada Cataluña populista. Los artículos de El Diluvio marcaron diversos hitos desde inicios de 1931 hasta el fin de la guerra civil en 1939 y su impacto fue reconocido por las figuras políticas de la época. El periódico también enfrentó un periodo de dificultades al formarse los gobiernos de derechas y desencadenarse una serie de acontecimientos que implicaron la suspensión de su publicación y censura previa. Jaime Claramunt, nacido en Cuba, fue su director hasta 1938, cuando fue apartado por la Unión General de Trabajadores, que incautó el periódico. El final llegó con la entrada de las tropas franquistas en Barcelona, que cerraron El Diluvio y reprimieron a los hombres del periódico que no marcharon al exilio.
El Diluvio was a newspaper from Barcelona with a life of more than eight decades that represented a republican, federalist, secular and social justice point of view. Ideas that were persecuted for most of its existence, from 1858 to 1939. The Second Republic, on the other hand, was the perfect framework for the development of the newspaper, which experienced a great growth in its circulation and had a very significant influence on Catalan politics. It was the popular newspaper in the so-called populist Catalonia. The articles of El Diluvio marked several milestones from the beginning of 1931 until the end of the civil war in 1939 and its impact was recognized by the political figures of the time. The newspaper also faced a period of difficulties in forming right-wing governments and triggering a series of events that involved the suspension of its publication and prior censorship. Jaime Claramunt, born in Cuba, was its director until 1938, when he was separated by the Unión General de Trabajadores, which seized the newspaper. The end came with the entry of Franco's troops in Barcelona, which closed El Diluvio and repressed the newspaper men who did not march into exile.

La present recerca estudia l'ús d'analogies històriques en els discursos dels màxims responsables de la política exterior de França, Espanya i Itàlia per a defensar l'existència i evolució d'un marc multilateral euromediterrani a partir de la Declaració de Barcelona el 1995. Malgrat l'aparença continuista i formulària d'aquestes referències al passat, el seu significat varia amb els interessos de l'agenda política. L'evolució es produeix enmig de la contradicció insoluble de presentar la Mediterrània com el locus fundacional de la civilització -com a una regió, per tant, capaç de regenerar el món amb el seu exemple- i al mateix temps observar la història mediterrània com a fonamentalment marcada pel conflicte entre grans blocs culturals. Les pròpies bases del discurs feien difícil, doncs, que els representants polítics poguessin proporcionar fonaments històrics als objectius declarats d'inclusió cultural i cohesió regional. L'anàlisi revela, en canvi, com el relat històric preparà la progressiva desaparició del diàleg polític a la regió, propiciant el decandiment del propi marc multilateral poc després d'haver entrat en contacte amb la nova realitat de la primavera àrab.
This research looks at the use of historical analogies concerning the Mediterranean in the political speeches of top foreign-policy decision-makers in France, Spain and Italy since the Barcelona Declaration of 1995. In spite of the consistent and formulaic appearance of such references to the past, their meaning shifted as political interests changed. This evolution took place in the midst of an unsolvable contradiction. While political leaders have largely presented the Mediterranean as the birthplace of civilization, and as such, as a region capable of regenerating the world by example, at the same time, conflict between cultural blocs has been perceived as the defining feature of Mediterranean history. The very basis of discourse, then, made it difficult for leaders to provide a historical ground for the stated political goals of cultural inclusiveness and regional cohesion. Analysis reveals, on the contrary, that historical narrative contributed to a progressive withdrawal of political dialogue, which ultimately entailed the waning of the multilateral framework itself as the Arab Spring unfolded.

La compagnie des Ballets russes, fondée par Diaghilev en 1911, constitue un tournant dans l’histoire de la scène occidentale. Reprenant le principe de l’œuvre d’art totale, la troupe propose des spectacles composés par des peintres, des chorégraphes et des musiciens. Leur succès est fulgurant et leur influence décisive. Cette thèse se propose d’étudier la réception des Ballets russes en Espagne. Alors que l’Europe est en guerre, la Péninsule constitue une terre d’accueil propice aux échanges. Les intellectuels du pays s’interrogent sur les possibilités de rénover la scène théâtrale et sont attentifs aux expériences qui viennent de l’étranger. Les ballets que propose la compagnie entrent en résonnance avec leurs propres préoccupations. Ils posent à la fois la question de la tradition au sein de la modernité, du national et du cosmopolitisme et s’exportent à l’étranger. Ce travail s’attache à confronter les différentes réceptions qui sont simultanément menées dans les deux capitales culturelles de l’Espagne au moment où les régionalismes s’affirment toujours plus. La présentation de l’état des lieux de la scène espagnole constitue le premier moment de cette thèse. La deuxième partie est entièrement consacrée à la première saison (1916) que la compagnie donne en Espagne ainsi qu’aux débats auxquels elle donne lieu. Les troisième et quatrième parties mettent en miroir les lectures qui sont faites à Madrid puis à Barcelone et présentent les singularités de chacune des deux capitales culturelles du pays
The Ballets Russes company was founded by Diaghilev in 1911, and marked a turning point in the history of the Western European stage art. Taking up the Gesamtkunstwerk, the company offered shows composed by painters, choreographers and musicians. Their success was immediate and their influence was decisive. This work will examine how the Ballets Russes were received in Spain. The Spanish peninsula offered a fertile ground for exchange while Europe was at war, with the country's intellectuals wondering about how to renew the theatre scene and being receptive to foreign experiments on the matter. The ballets offered by the company reflected those concerns by addressing the question of the role of tradition within modernity as well as the concepts of nationalism and cosmopolitism while managing to find an audience abroad. This study aims at confronting the simultaneous reception of the Ballets Russes in the two cultural capitals of Spain at a time when regionalism was becoming increasingly strong. The first part will give a description of the Spanish theatre and arts scene. The second part will be entirely dedicated to the company’s first season in Spain (1916) and to the debates it raised. The third and fourth parts will deal with the way the ballets were received and understood in Madrid and Barcelona, through a presentation of the particularities of each of these two cultural capitals
La compañía de los Ballets russes, fundada por Diaghilev en 1911, constituye un momento relevante de la historia de la escena occidental. Inspirándose del principio del Gesamtkunstwerk wagneriano, la compañía presenta espectáculos compuestos por pintores, coreógrafos y compositores. Su éxito es enorme y su influencia decisiva. Esta tesis estudia la recepción de los Ballets russes en España. Durante la Primera Guerra Mundial, la Península aparece como una tierra de acogida propicia a los intercambios. Los intelectuales españoles se interrogan sobre las posibilidades de renovar la escena teatral y están atentos a las experiencias realizadas en el extranjero. Las obras estrenadas por la compañía llaman su atención. Compaginan la tradición y la modernidad, lo nacional y el cosmopolitismo y se exportan al extranjero. Este estudio presenta una comparación entre las diferentes recepciones llevadas a cabo en las dos capitales culturales españolas en un momento en que los regionalismos se afirman cada vez más. Una presentación general de la escena español de aquel entonces constituye el primer momento de esta tesis. La segunda etapa se centra en la primera temporada rusa que la compañía presenta en España (1916) así como en los debates que surgen entonces. Las etapas 3 y 4 estudian las recepciones que tienen lugar en Madrid y en Barcelona comparando las características de cada una de las capitales culturales del país

The thesis seeks to demonstrate that during the period between 1986 and 2006, some of the principal cities of the Spanish metropolitan system1, have undergone significant change in terms of their European competitiveness. It is suggested that in the case of Madrid and Barcelona in particular this change has been of such a magnitude to proportion them a much more important place within the European spatial configuration than that which they occupied in the mid-1980s. Empirical evidence is offered to support this conjecture. The thesis lies wholly within the framework of spatial planning at the European territorial scale.

It charts the comparative ascent of the Spanish cities from the moment of Spain's entry into the European Union (EU) in 1986 against the background of the development of European spatial policy, increased economic integration across Europe, the increased importance of the 'territorial' dimension of EU cohesion policy and an eventual waning of the applicability of the terminology of 'core' and 'periphery' to describe European geographical location.

Part One (Chapter 1) addresses the processes of urbanisation in general from a global perspective and then focuses on metropolitan growth in a number of different historical contexts from the start of the 19th Century. Parts Two (Chapters 2-5) and Three (Chapters 6-9) of the thesis carry out analyses at two contrasting but complementary spatial scales. Part Two examines the metropolitan growth processes in Spain, in the period since 1857, detecting the historical moments in which there were surges in the metropolitan populations of the seven cities of the metropolitan system. The dimensions of the spatial units of analysis corresponding to the seven Spanish metropolitan urban regions are described, based upon a methodology first developed by the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) in the context of a transnational spatial planning project of the INTERREG community initiative2. These seven spatial units form the basis for a socio-economic analysis of the structure of the metropolitan system, drawing upon data principally from the 2001 Census. If by 1930 one of the key characteristics of Spain's urban system was having not just one but two cities (Madrid and Barcelona) belonging to the group of 27 cities across the world with populations in excess of 1 million inhabitants3, this same differentiation between the country's two largest cities and the remainder of the urban system is equally valid today. Spain's urban system remains clearly bicephalous in being dominated by these same two cities in terms of demographic and economic strength.

Part Three begins by examining the evolution of European spatial policy against the background of an ever-enlarging European Union and changes with regard to the notion of cohesion - from a concept understood in terms of economic and social factors, to one in which the territorial dimension has become increasingly important. The European urban system is then critically examined through a number of key and influential studies, with particular regard to the rankings and hierarchies of metropolitan urban regions deriving there from and the changes in the placing of the Spanish metropolitan urban regions therein.

Taking inspiration from the seminal contribution of Manuel Castells4 in the context of the structural changes resulting from the informational and technological revolution, the thesis seeks to replicate the concept of a 'space of flows'. This is carried out through a 'network analysis' approach drawing upon air passenger flows between some 28 European metropolitan urban regions of the EU15+2 group of countries, enabling the analysis of the interaction between these 28 cities. This methodology enables arriving at a number of descriptive indicators which in turn, through the application of a multi-dimensional scaling mathematical technique, permits comparing the functional and physical distances of each of the metropolitan urban regions from the centre of the 'conceptual space of air passenger flows' and the centre of gravity. The resulting map of the functional positioning of the cities offers a spatial vision of metropolitan Europe quite different to that based upon Cartesian coordinates. Such an approach enables demonstrating that cities such as Barcelona, Madrid, Helsinki, Lisbon and Athens, traditionally considered as physically peripheral to the European core area, appear to be more favourably positioned in functional terms. Furthermore in the case of Spain the results indicate that Barcelona lies closer to the centre of the conceptual 'space of air passenger flows' than Madrid.

In light of this empirical evidence, together with the signs of increased economic integration across some parts of Spain, the prospects of Spain forming part of a wider European territorial concentration of flows and activities, and the recognition of the territorial capital of Madrid and Barcelona within recent EU spatial policy declarations, the thesis concludes in Part Four that these two metropolitan regions have undergone a clear consolidation and (re)positioning within the European metropolitan hierarchy.
La tesis trata de demostrar que durante el período entre 1986 y 2006, unas de las principales ciudades del sistema metropolitano español, han experimentado un cambio significativo en términos de su competitividad europea. Es sugerido que en el caso de Madrid y Barcelona en particular este cambio ha sido de tal magnitud para proporcionarlas un lugar mucho más importante dentro de la configuración territorial espacial europea que dichas ciudades ocuparon en el mediado de los años 80. Se ofrece evidencia empírica para sostener esta conjetura. La tesis se sitúa dentro demarco de la ordenación territorial a la escala europea. Traza la subida relativa de las ciudades españolas desde el momento de la entrada de España en la Unión Europea(UE) en 1986, contra el fondo del desarrollo de la política territorial europea, la integración económica aumentada a través de Europa, la importancia aumentada de la dimensión "territorial" de la política de la cohesión de UE y una eventual disminución de la aplicabilidad de la terminología del "centro" y la "periferia" para describir la ubicación geográfica europea. La Primera Parte (Capítulo 1) está dirigida a evaluar los procesos de la urbanización en general, desde una perspectiva global, y después se centra en examinar el crecimiento metropolitano en varios contextos históricos, a partir del comienzo del siglo XIX. La Segunda (Capítulos 2-5) y Tercera Partes (Capítulos 6-9) de la tesis llevan a cabo unos análisis en dos escalas territoriales contrastantes pero complementarias. La Segunda Parte examina los procesos del crecimiento metropolitano en España, a partir de 1857, discerniendo los momentos históricos en los que había oleadas en las poblaciones ‘metropolitanas’ de las siete ciudades del sistema metropolitano. Se describe las dimensiones de las unidades espaciales de análisis que corresponden a las siete regiones urbanas metropolitanas españolas, basadas en una metodología desarrollado por el Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña (UPC) en el contexto de un proyecto trasnacional de ordenación territorial de la iniciativa comunitaria INTERREG. Estas siete unidades espaciales forman la base para un análisis socioeconómico de la estructura del sistema metropolitano, utilizando datos principalmente del 2001 Censo. Si en el año 1930 una de las características claves del sistema urbano de España era de tener no sólo una, pero dos ciudades (Madrid y Barcelona) perteneciendo al grupo de 27 ciudades a través del mundo con poblaciones por encima de 1 millón de habitantes, esta misma diferenciación entre las dos ciudades más grandes del país y el resto del sistema urbano es hoy igualmente válida. El sistema urbano de España se queda claramente bicéfalo en ser dominado por estas mismas dos ciudades en términos de fuerza demográfica y económica. La Tercera Parte comienza examinando la evolución de la política territorial europea contra el fondo de una Unión Europea cada vez más grande y los cambios con respecto a la noción de la cohesión – de un concepto entendido en términos de factores económicos y sociales, a uno en que la dimensión territorial ha llegado a ser cada vez más importante. A continuación, se examina de manera crítica el sistema urbano europeo mediante algunos estudios influyentes, con la consideración particular a las clasificaciones y las jerarquías de las regiones urbanas metropolitanas que derivan de estos estudios, y a los cambios en la colocación de las regiones urbanas metropolitanas españolas en dichos estudios. Tomando inspiración de la contribución seminal de Manuel Castells en el contexto de los cambios estructurales que resultan de la revolución de información y tecnológica, la tesis trata de replicar el concepto de un 'espacio de flujos'. Esto es llevado a cabo por un enfoque de "network analysis" que utiliza los flujos de pasajeros aéreos entre unas 28 regiones urbanas metropolitanas europeas del grupo de EU15+2 países, permitiendo el análisis de la interacción entre estas 28 ciudades. Esta metodología permite desarrollar varios indicadores descriptivos que permiten, a su vez, por la aplicación de una técnica matemática de escalamiento multi-dimensional, comparar las distancias funcionales y físicas de cada una de las regiones urbanas metropolitanas del centro del 'espacio conceptual de flujos de pasajeros aéreos’ y el centro de la gravedad. El mapa resultante del posicionamiento funcional de las ciudades ofrece una visión espacial de Europa metropolitana bastante diferente a la que se base en los coordinados cartesianos. Tal enfoque permite demostrar que ciudades como Barcelona, Madrid, Helsinki, Lisboa y Atenas, consideradas tradicionalmente como físicamente periféricas al área central de europea, parecen ser posicionadas más favorablemente en términos funcionales. Además, en el caso de España, los resultados indican que Barcelona queda más cerca al centro del conceptual 'espacio de flujos de pasajero aéreos’ que Madrid. A la luz de esta evidencia empírica, junto con los signos de la integración económica aumentada a través de algunas partes de España, las perspectivas de que España formará parte una más amplia concentración territorial europea de flujos y actividades y del reconocimiento de la capital territorial de Madrid y Barcelona dentro de las recientes las declaraciones de política territorial de la UE, la tesis concluye, en la Cuarta Parte que estas dos regiones metropolitanas han experimentado una clara consolidación y (re)posicionamiento dentro de la jerarquía metropolitana europea.

The thesis seeks to demonstrate that during the period between 1986 and 2006, some of the principal cities of the Spanish metropolitan system1, have undergone significant change in terms of their European competitiveness. It is suggested that in the case of Madrid and Barcelona in particular this change has been of such a magnitude to proportion them a much more important place within the European spatial configuration than that which they occupied in the mid-1980s. Empirical evidence is offered to support this conjecture. The thesis lies wholly within the framework of spatial planning at the European territorial scale.It charts the comparative ascent of the Spanish cities from the moment of Spain's entry into the European Union (EU) in 1986 against the background of the development of European spatial policy, increased economic integration across Europe, the increased importance of the 'territorial' dimension of EU cohesion policy and an eventual waning of the applicability of the terminology of 'core' and 'periphery' to describe European geographical location.Part One (Chapter 1) addresses the processes of urbanisation in general from a global perspective and then focuses on metropolitan growth in a number of different historical contexts from the start of the 19th Century. Parts Two (Chapters 2-5) and Three (Chapters 6-9) of the thesis carry out analyses at two contrasting but complementary spatial scales. Part Two examines the metropolitan growth processes in Spain, in the period since 1857, detecting the historical moments in which there were surges in the metropolitan populations of the seven cities of the metropolitan system. The dimensions of the spatial units of analysis corresponding to the seven Spanish metropolitan urban regions are described, based upon a methodology first developed by the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) in the context of a transnational spatial planning project of the INTERREG community initiative2. These seven spatial units form the basis for a socio-economic analysis of the structure of the metropolitan system, drawing upon data principally from the 2001 Census. If by 1930 one of the key characteristics of Spain's urban system was having not just one but two cities (Madrid and Barcelona) belonging to the group of 27 cities across the world with populations in excess of 1 million inhabitants3, this same differentiation between the country's two largest cities and the remainder of the urban system is equally valid today. Spain's urban system remains clearly bicephalous in being dominated by these same two cities in terms of demographic and economic strength.Part Three begins by examining the evolution of European spatial policy against the background of an ever-enlarging European Union and changes with regard to the notion of cohesion - from a concept understood in terms of economic and social factors, to one in which the territorial dimension has become increasingly important. The European urban system is then critically examined through a number of key and influential studies, with particular regard to the rankings and hierarchies of metropolitan urban regions deriving there from and the changes in the placing of the Spanish metropolitan urban regions therein.Taking inspiration from the seminal contribution of Manuel Castells4 in the context of the structural changes resulting from the informational and technological revolution, the thesis seeks to replicate the concept of a 'space of flows'. This is carried out through a 'network analysis' approach drawing upon air passenger flows between some 28 European metropolitan urban regions of the EU15+2 group of countries, enabling the analysis of the interaction between these 28 cities. This methodology enables arriving at a number of descriptive indicators which in turn, through the application of a multi-dimensional scaling mathematical technique, permits comparing the functional and physical distances of each of the metropolitan urban regions from the centre of the 'conceptual space of air passenger flows' and the centre of gravity. The resulting map of the functional positioning of the cities offers a spatial vision of metropolitan Europe quite different to that based upon Cartesian coordinates. Such an approach enables demonstrating that cities such as Barcelona, Madrid, Helsinki, Lisbon and Athens, traditionally considered as physically peripheral to the European core area, appear to be more favourably positioned in functional terms. Furthermore in the case of Spain the results indicate that Barcelona lies closer to the centre of the conceptual 'space of air passenger flows' than Madrid.In light of this empirical evidence, together with the signs of increased economic integration across some parts of Spain, the prospects of Spain forming part of a wider European territorial concentration of flows and activities, and the recognition of the territorial capital of Madrid and Barcelona within recent EU spatial policy declarations, the thesis concludes in Part Four that these two metropolitan regions have undergone a clear consolidation and (re)positioning within the European metropolitan hierarchy.

50 millions d’Européens rencontrent des difficultés financières pour se chauffer, cuisiner ou éclairer leur logement. Les ménages qui se privent de ces services faute de revenus suffisants, qui consacrent une part importante de leurs budgets à ce poste de dépense, sont en situation de vulnérabilité énergétique. La législation européenne requiert des États membres qu’ils établissent des politiques de mesure et de résorption du problème. Cet objectif est complexe parce que la vulnérabilité énergétique est au croisement d’un ensemble de facteurs saisis par des politiques sectorielles distinctes : le prix de l’énergie, l’efficacité énergétique des logements, les aides sociales.Cette thèse pose la question des conditions d’émergence du problème des vulnérabilités énergétiques dans les agendas publics nationaux et locaux en mobilisant une approche d’Urban political ecology. L’enquête comparative est menée dans deux villes (Porto et Barcelone) où l’enjeu est important et traité de manières distinctes. Notre analyse propose d’étudier les facteurs qui se combinent pour créer des situations de vulnérabilité, et les faire émerger comme un problème public. Elle s’intéresse à la fois aux législations, aux innovations locales et au traitement médiatique du problème. Nous confrontons ces formes d’action collective avec une étude des conditions concrètes de vulnérabilité énergétique vécues par des ménages précaires accompagnés par l’assistance sociale et par des associations caritatives.Le principal résultat de la thèse est que les situations de vulnérabilités énergétiques sont politisées, ce qui implique à la fois de nouveaux acteurs et des acteurs traditionnels de la gouvernance de l’énergie et se traduit par deux types de réponses. Nous montrons aussi comment la militance de collectifs associatifs fait émerger un droit à l’énergie, qui n’est pas inscrit dans la législation nationale et qui, sous la pression de nouveaux mouvements sociaux, devient un impératif pour les collectivités locales. Nous montrons enfin la diffusion d’un modèle d’interventions auprès de ménages qui vise à réduire les consommations pour diminuer le montant des factures et limiter le nombre d’impayés d’énergie. Ce modèle expérimental et peu onéreux rencontre les intérêts d’organisations issues de la société civile, de collectivités locales, de fournisseurs d’énergie même s’il représente pour les ménages vulnérables une prolongation de leurs efforts de réduction de leurs factures d’énergie
50 million Europeans face financial difficulties to heat, cook or light their homes. Households in energy vulnerability either limit the use of these services because they do not have sufficient income, or devote a disproportionately large part of their overall budget to paying energy bills. European legislation requires Member States to establish policies for measuring and resolving the problem. This objective is complex because energy vulnerability is at the intersection of a set of factors covered by different sectoral policies: the pricing of energy, the energy efficiency of housing, and social assistance.This thesis studies the emergence of energy vulnerability in national and local public agendas with an urban political ecology framework. I conducted a comparative survey in two cities (Porto and Barcelona), where the issue is important and treated in different ways. I analyze the factors that combine to create situations of energy vulnerability in these cities and which turn them into public problems, through media, legislation and local innovations. Policy analysis is complemented by study of the concrete conditions of energy vulnerability as they are experienced by households which are in touch with social assistance agencies and charities.The main result of the thesis is that situations of energy vulnerability are politicized by both new actors and traditional players in energy governance. I show how civil society activism gives rise to a right to energy, which is not enshrined in national legislation and which, under the pressure of new social movements, becomes an imperative for local communities. I then analyze the diffusion of programs targeting vulnerable households, based on a model that aims at reducing consumption and therefore limiting the number of unpaid energy bills. This experimental and inexpensive model meets the interests of organizations from civil society, local communities, energy suppliers and the households themselves who were already reducing their expenses

Urbanisation désordonnée, manque d’équipements urbains, prééminence de la promotion privée dans la production de logements, domination de la propriété d’occupation, telles sont les caractéristiques du développement urbain et immobilier sous le régime franquiste, qui ont perduré jusqu’à aujourd’hui pour certaines d’entre elles. Cette ville « sans qualité » constitue un objet de préoccupation sociale majeur et une voie de contestation du régime dans les dernières années de la dictature franquiste. Le mode de production de la ville qui se met en place durant l’époque franquiste, et la question urbaine sur lequel il débouche, constituent l’objet de cette thèse. Cette recherche repose sur l’analyse conjointe des politiques nationales d’urbanisme et du logement, et du groupe professionnel des architectes. Ce choix a été guidé par un double constat. L’interventionnisme du régime franquiste s’est en effet aussi concrétisé dans les domaines du logement et de l’urbanisme : un ensemble d’organismes centraux, de dispositions et de dispositifs officiels ont ainsi encadré et déterminé le mode de production urbaine. Les architectes, par la position particulièrement privilégiée qu’ils occupent dans le secteur de la construction en Espagne, jouent un rôle clé dans l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre de ces politiques. Des membres du groupe professionnel sont par ailleurs les fers de la critique urbaine à la fin de la dictature. Ce dispositif de recherche permet d’étudier la constitution de l’espace urbain et immobilier en catégorie de l’action publique et les effets de ce processus sur les champs professionnel et scientifique sur l’ensemble de la période franquiste. Il offre les bases d’une histoire sociale des politiques urbaines qui éclaire à la fois l’histoire du régime franquiste, l’histoire des sciences sociales de la ville, ainsi que la sociologie de l’action publique et des groupes professionnels
Francoism and urban production. Housing and urban policies, professionals and urban sciences in Spain from the 1930's to the 1970's.An urban model oriented towards growth, lack of public facilities and infrastructure, high proportion of owner-tenancy, shortage of public housing, or the relevance of real state in the national economy are some of the characteristics of Spain’s urban development during Franco’s dictatorship. It became a main social concern and way to criticize Franco’s regime at the end of the dictatorship. The aim of this PhD thesis is to study the mode of production of Spanish cities during the dictatorship and the social urban movement at the end of the regime. This research is based on the double analysis of national urban planning and housing policies and of the role of one of their principal actors: the architects. During the Franco’s era, State’s intervention was indeed reflected on housing and town-planning through a set of central institutions or bodies, of legal provisions and official measures. Theses decisions determined the mode of urban development. Owing to their privileged position in the building sector in Spain, architects play a key role in the definition and implementation of these policies. Moreover, some architects were years later the leaders of urban criticism and urban social movement. This set-up brings into light the development, if not the constitution, of the urban space as a category of public action during the Franco years, as well as its effects on the professional and scientific fields. This PhD thesis intends to constitute a social history of urban policies during the Franco’s era (1939-1975). Through this approach, it contributes to a better knowledge of the history of this period, of the history of urban social sciences and public action and of the sociology of professions

Notre culture a banalisé la lanterne publique, objet technique du quotidien urbain. Or, à la fin du XVIIIe s., la lanterne devient un véritable leitmotiv visuel et sémantique révolutionnaire.Innovation technique pour l’éclairage public au XVIIIe s., la lanterne « à réverbères » optimise l’intensité lumineuse en utilisant des artifices, les réflecteurs métalliques concaves (réverbères), afin de rationaliser le chemin optique. Si l’historiographie s’est focalisée sur la lampe d’Argand, nous avons construit notre étude autour du réflecteur, moins noble et peu valorisé. L’émergence de la nouvelle technique est intrinsèquement accompagnée de discours, d´images et de mythes qui structurent son imaginaire. La biographie d’objet est une ressource précieuse pour l’appréhender, par des prismes s’affranchissant de la distinction objet/sujet pour traiter la lanterne comme acteur et interroger ses modes d’existence.Le premier prisme porte sur la genèse de l’objet et l’inscription de son imaginaire technique comme réponse rationalisée au problème d’éclairage. Mais, interroger le sens de la technicité de l’objet n’est pas suffisant, le second prisme étudie la lanterne « en action de rue», soit sa « réticulation spatiale » et son intégration au milieu. Le troisième moment interroge les médiations transformatrices des valeurs initiales de l’objet à travers les circulations techniques (transculturelles) franco-espagnoles, et un champ de media (annonces techniques et cartes de commerce) : elles structurent la zone entre invention, publics et marchés. Enfin, le quatrième moment est consacré à la lanterne politique et ses paradoxes, basculant du double imaginaire de l’administration monarchique et du contrôle policier parisien– ou militaire barcelonais – à l’emblème révolutionnaire. Fidèle à une méthode « au ras de l’objet », nous faisons dialoguer ses fonctions symboliques avec son schème technique, pour faire ressortir les résonances – ou les déphasages– de l’imaginaire politique dans la matérialité. Nous souhaitons ainsi redonner de l’épaisseur à la lanterne, afin de retrouver son sens humain et comprendre son empreinte dans la culture
Our culture has trivialized the streetlamp and deprived it of its meanings. However, the lantern became a visual and semantic revolutionary leitmotiv at the end of the 18th c.As a technical innovation of 18th c streetlighting, the lantern à réverbères optimizes the luminous intensity by using concave metal reflectors (réverbères) to direct the beam of light where needed. If the historiography focused on the Argand’s lamp, this research deals with a far less noble and valued technical element, the reflector. The entwinement of the innovation with narratives and cultural discourses structures its imaginary: artefact biography is therefore a precious tool to approach it, by getting rid of the subject-object distinction in order to question its modes of existence.Firstly, we study the genesis of the lantern and the inscription of its technical imaginary as a rationalized answer to the lighting challenge. To continue with, we analyse the streetlamp in action and its extramaterial properties through its integration to its milieu. Processes of mediation and their transformative power are the next focus, though the study of the technical (transcultural) circulations between France and Spain, and the media of advertising and promotion (technical press, trade cards), all of which shaping the interactions between the invention, the public and the markets. We finish this survey with the political lantern and its paradox, as the artefact, strongly linked to absolute monarchy and police– or military- control, became a revolutionary emblem. By entwining the technical and symbolic functions of the streetlamp, we want to shed light upon the resonances of the political imaginary within the lantern materiality. This study therefore aims at drawing attention to the multi-layered meanings of this so-called “banal” object, and at considering the streetlamp as a significant bearer of cultural identity

Dans la rencontre entre l'architecture contemporaine et le patrimoine bâti, la thèse propose de s'affranchir de la polarité conservation-création en analysant l'actualisation patrimoniale en tant que phénomène culturel à l'œuvre. La cohabitation entre le nouveau et l'ancien en architecture, si elle se pratique depuis plus de deux mille ans, est devenue un enjeu au XXe siècle. L'explosion des formes en architecture contemporaine, parallèlement à la montée d'une prédominance de la signature de l'architecte, semble difficilement réconciliable avec l'extension de la notion de patrimoine, extension autant sémantique que géographique et spatiale. Or, que ce soit pour des raisons économiques et environnementales, fonctionnelles ou patrimoniales, les insertions d'éléments d'architecture contemporaine sur des bâtiments patrimoniaux transforment désormais le patrimoine d'objet-relique en un projet dynamique, constituant un genre architectural particulier et indépendant. L'actualisation est une façon de réinterpréter le patrimoine en lui donnant un sens actuel grâce à une action (en l'occurrence, un ajout architectural dans un style contemporain), ce qui modifie les représentations du lieu tout en lui ajoutant une couche de significations. Ce processus communicationnel se pose ainsi comme une réponse à l'obsolescence patrimoniale ; en transformant les représentations d'un lieu par un langage contemporain et en s'immisçant dans son processus de patrimonialisation. L'hybridité architecturale qui en résulte favorise un espace de médiation à la fois physique (par les formes) et symbolique (par le patrimoine et les représentations). À travers trois cas espagnols récents, l'actualisation est observée dans trois types de manifestations : la « ponctuation » à l'œuvre dans l'accès au CaixaForum de Barcelone (Arata Isozaki), la « prolongation » du musée national Centre d'art Reina Sofía à Madrid (Jean Nouvel) et, finalement, la « révélation » du musée du Théâtre romain de Carthagène (Rafael Moneo). ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : actualisation, patrimoine, patrimonialisation, architecture contemporaine, médiation, Espagne

Defence date: 8 July 2015
Examining Board: Prof. Luca Molà, (EUI, Supervisor); Prof. Regina Grafe, (EUI, Second Reader); Dr. Roser Salicrú i Lluch (Institució Milà i Fontanals -CSIC, External Supervisor); Prof. Bartolomé Yun-Casalilla (EUI, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville); Prof. James Amelang (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid).
This thesis explores the norms, practices, and experiences that conditioned urban belonging in Late Medieval Barcelona. A combination of institutional, legal, intellectual and cultural analysis, the dissertation investigates how citizenship evolved and functioned on the Barcelonese stage. To this end, the thesis is structured into two parts. Part 1 includes four chapters, within which I establish the legal and institutional background of the Barcelonese citizen. Citizenship as a fiscal and individual privilege is contextualised within the negotiations that shaped the limits and prerogatives of monarchical and municipal power from the thirteenth to the late fourteenth centuries. This analysis brings out the dialogical nature of citizenship. I study how the evolution of citizenship came to include the whole citizenry of Barcelona as a major actor in the constant definition and perception of the rights and duties of the citizen. In an attempt to mirror the considerable literature on Italian jurists, the last chapter of part 1 contrasts the legal intricacies of Barcelonese citizenship with the thought developed by major contemporary Catalan jurists. From the analyses conducted in these first chapters, I argue that reputation was the basis of citizenship in fifteenth-century Barcelona. Thus, the three chapters that constitute part 2 are devoted to a cultural analysis of citizenship and unravel the social mechanisms that determined the creation of citizen reputation. The making of the citizen is therefore placed at the core of Barcelonese daily life in an attempt to elaborate on the social imagination and experience of citizenship in the Catalan city. Throughout the whole dissertation, Barcelona and the Barcelonese remain at the core of the analysis. The richness of the material conserved for this city allows me to employ micro-analytical lenses in the study of the citizenry and its citizens, exploring, in the words of Pietro Costa, the ‘exasperation of differences’ that characterised the experience of medieval citizenship. Nonetheless, Barcelona also emerges in this study as a methodological reference point that can help to reframe medieval citizenship in broader terms, shedding new light on the meaning of civic life in the Late Medieval Mediterranean.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
航運管理學系
106
Strategic planning is generally used by ports as a tool to ensure a better understanding of their position and to define the future objectives of which they will focus on in order to become more efficient and competitive against other ports. It will also help them evolve in accordance with the needs and the different changes that the port users required. This case study will focus on some of the goals of the Strategic Plan 2015-2020 proposed by port of Barcelona and will try to find out, through qualitative and quantitative approaches, whether the port will be able to achieve the objectives imposed by the Strategic Plan. It will also include an empirical survey to evaluate the level of customer satisfaction and the quality of the services the port of Barcelona to provide for customers.

Defence date: 13 December 2002
Examining board: Jean-François Botrel, Prof. à l'Université Rennes II Haute Bretagne ; Laurence Fontaine, Prof. à l'Institut Universitaire Européen (directrice de recherche) ; Josep Maria Fradera, Prof. à l'Universitat Pompeu Fabra de Barcelona ; Raffaele Romanelli, Prof. à l'Institut Universitaire Européen ; Bernard Vincent, Prof. à l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (co-directeur de recherche)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies
Accessibility to different services in cities has been studied as form of analysing equity, especially in urban settings. Green spaces are one of these services; they have known benefits on the wellbeing of the urban residents. This work intends to determine if the variation in accessibility to urban green spaces is affected by the distribution of socio-economic variables such as income, and how these affect the green equity in a city. Green spaces have been categorised into different functional levels based on their size and accessibility and equity has been analysed, taking into consideration income, density, migrant populations and age-based variables. The analysis conducted involved a network-based service area analysis as well as spatial and statistical analysis using ArcGIS, GeoDa and R. The case study selected was the city of Barcelona (Spain). The results of the analysis reject the hypothesis of inequity in accessibility at functional levels based on the variables studied although some spatial associations exist.

yes
Background: A program of Compassionate City or Community (CC) has been designed and developed in the City of Vic (43,964 habitants, Barcelona, Spain), based on The Compassionate City Charter and other public health literature and experiments, with the joint leadership of the City Council and the Chair of Palliative Care at the University of Vic, and as an expansion of a comprehensive and integrated system of palliative care. Methods: The program started with an assessment of needs of the city as identified by 48 social organizations with a foundational workshop and a semi-structured survey. After this assessment, the mission, vision, values and aims were agreed. The main aims consisted in promoting changes in social and cultural attitudes toward the end of life (EoL) and providing integrated care for people with advanced chronic conditions and social needs such as loneliness, poverty, low access to services at home, or conflict. The selected slogan was “Living with meaning, dignity, and support the end of life”. Results: The program for the first year has included 19 activities (cultural, training, informative, and mixed) and followed by 1,260 attendants, and the training activities were followed by 147 people. Local and regional sponsors are funding the initiative. After a year, a quantitative and qualitative evaluation was performed, showing high participation and satisfaction of the attendants and organizations. In the second year, the care for particular vulnerable people defined as targets (EoL and social factors described before) will start with volunteers with more organizations to join the project. Conclusions: The key identified factors for the initial success are: the strong joint leadership between social department of the Council and the University; clear aims and targets; high participation rates; the limited size of the geographical context; which allowed high participation and recognition; and the commitment to evaluate results.

The goal of the IWST workshop series is to create and foster a forum around advancements of or experience in Smalltalk. The workshop welcomes contributions to all aspects, theoretical as well as practical, of Smalltalk-related topics.
Zweck der IWST-Workshop-Reihe ist die Formung und Pflege eines Forums fŸr die Diskussion von Fortschritten und Arbeitsergebnissen mit der Programmierumgebung Smalltalk. Der Workshop beinhaltet BeitrŠge zu allen Aspekten von auf Smalltalk bezogenen Arbeiten sowohl theoretischer als auch praktischer Natur.

Orientação : Gonçalo da Graça Pereira ; co-orientação : Jaume Fatjó Ríos
Os gatos (Felis silvestris catus) de vida livre são hoje comuns em meios urbanos, organizam-se em colónias. Em Barcelona existe um projeto para captura-esterilização-devolução (CED), destes gatos. Assim, realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo, do tipo observacional transverso, a partir dos dados do ano de 2013, sobre os gatos de vida livre e com tutor. Existe uma associação linear entre o número de gatos e o número de colónias (p = 0,004). O número de colónias está relacionado com o número de pessoas (p = 0,004). As áreas verdes, estão linearmente associadas ao número de gatos (p = 0,022) e de colónias de grande dimensão (p = 0,006). Por outro lado, a área de rede viária, que leva a fragmentação do habitat, está associada linearmente com o número de colónias (p = 0,043) e também a colónias pequenas (p = 0,023). As colónias de média dimensão têm uma associação linear com as áreas verdes (p = 0,035) e número de pessoas (p = 0,026). A área do distrito tem uma associação linear com colónias de média (p = 0,008) e grande dimensão (p = 0,043), bem como com o número de gatos (p = 0,005).
Free life cats (Felis silvestris catus) are now common in urban areas and organize themselves in colonies associated with human presence and food availability. In Barcelona, there is a project of trap-neuter-return (TNR) of these cats. From the 2013 data, a retrospective study, of the transverse observational type, was done of the free life cats and the ones with an owner. There is a direct relationship between the number of cats and the number of colonies (p = 0,004). The number of colonies is associated with the number of people (p = 0,004). Green areas, which can offer environmental resources, are directly related to the number of cats (p = 0,022) and to large colonies (p = 0,006). On the other hand, the area of the road network, which leads to habitat fragmentation, is directly associated with the number of colonies (p = 0,043) and also with small colonies (p = 0,023). Medium-sized colonies have a direct association with green areas (p = 0,035) and number of people (p = 0,026). The district area has a direct association with average-sized (p = 0,008) and large colonies (p = 0,043) as well as the number of cats (p = 0,005).