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1
Hashino, Satoshi. "Development of Stair-climbing Wheelchair". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 14, n.º 6 (20 de diciembre de 2002): 524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2002.p0524.
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Construction of barrier free society is desired especially for elderly and handicapped who need to use wheelchair in daily life. Stair climbing is the hardest barrier for those people. Supply of stair lift method is contribution to provide joy and satisfaction in life of those people. By using our developed crawl-type mechanism on powered wheelchair, they can easily and effectively climb up and down stairs. These system are composed of two subsystems, a few reformed powered wheelchair, drive guide and traction guide attached to stair wall. Presented system is cost effective compared with other existing methods such as elevators, escalators and conventional stair lifts.
2
SATO, Yuki, Atsushi OSAKI y Takashi KINOSE. "MF313 Study on Improvement of a Barrier-free Environment of Ordinary House by Putting in the Lift". Proceedings of the JSME Symposium on Welfare Engineering 2007 (2007): 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmewes.2007.222.
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KANEKO, Hirotaka, Shigeru TADANO y Kouya SARUTA. "302 A Development of Outdoor-Lift to Realize Barrier-Free at Entrance of House in Snowy and Cold Region". Proceedings of Conference of Hokkaido Branch 2001.41 (2001): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehokkaido.2001.41.76.
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Feng, Li-Hao, Kwing-So Choi y Jin-Jun Wang. "Flow control over an airfoil using virtual Gurney flaps". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 767 (20 de febrero de 2015): 595–626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.22.
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AbstractFlow control over a NACA 0012 airfoil is carried out using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator at the Reynolds number of 20 000. Here, the plasma actuator is placed over the pressure (lower) side of the airfoil near the trailing edge, which produces a wall jet against the free stream. This reverse flow creates a quasi-steady recirculation region, reducing the velocity over the pressure side of the airfoil. On the other hand, the air over the suction (upper) side of the airfoil is drawn by the recirculation, increasing its velocity. Measured phase-averaged vorticity and velocity fields also indicate that the recirculation region created by the plasma actuator over the pressure surface modifies the near-wake dynamics. These flow modifications around the airfoil lead to an increase in the lift coefficient, which is similar to the effect of a mechanical Gurney flap. This configuration of DBD plasma actuators, which is investigated for the first time in this study, is therefore called a virtual Gurney flap. The purpose of this investigation is to understand the mechanism of lift enhancement by virtual Gurney flaps by carefully studying the global flow behaviour over the airfoil. First, the recirculation region draws the air from the suction surface around the trailing edge. The upper shear layer then interacts with the opposite-signed shear layer from the pressure surface, creating a stronger vortex shedding from the airfoil. Secondly, the recirculation region created by a DBD plasma actuator over the pressure surface displaces the positive shear layer away from the airfoil, thereby shifting the near-wake region downwards. The virtual Gurney flap also changes the dynamics of laminar separation bubbles and associated vortical structures by accelerating laminar-to-turbulent transition through the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability mechanism. In particular, the separation point and the start of transition are advanced. The reattachment point also moves upstream with plasma control, although it is slightly delayed at a large angle of attack.
5
Dunn, Peter A. "Chapter 4.A Comparative Analysis of Barrier-Free Housing". Journal of Housing For the Elderly 12, n.º 1-2 (27 de agosto de 1997): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j081v12n01_04.
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Altinay, Fahriye, Zehra Altinay, Mehmet Altinay y Gökmen Dagli. "Evaluation of the Barrier-Free Tourism and Sustainability of the Barrier-Free Society in Cyprus". European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n4p137.
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The main aim of the current study is to evaluate the opinions of the students at the departments of tourism and special education towards to the concept of sustainability of barrier-free tourism and society therefore with the light of this aim, and current study attempted to address how disabled individuals could have an access to the tourism and life opportunities as well as the challenges that they are experiencing while having an access to these opportunities, probable solutions which might be employed to cope with these challenges, universal rights of the disabled individuals about having an access and transportation in contexts barrier-free tourism practices in TRNCThe current study employed a semi-structured interview as a data collection tool. The study group of the current research consisted of 80 participants who are the students at the tourism and specialized education teaching departments at Near East University and the University of Kyrenia. Data were collected with 20 minutes face to face interviews. While performing data analysis, responses of the participants were categorized and placed to the tables and then the researcher(s) re-examined the classified data set and formed underlying themes and categories. With the light of the findings, it can be stated that education at universities, secondary and primary schools should be intensified to inject necessary information to the students regarding barrier free tourism and provision of health care services for disabled people. At the reffered point. joint commitment should be carried among ministry of education, tourism, heallth and municipalities to raise public awareness regarding barrier free tourism. Additionally media and press should design more programs regarding barrier free tourism at their broadcasting stream to raise public awareness, and in-service trainings for disabled people should be provided to employees in hotels.
Keywords: Barrier- Free Tourism, Sustainable Society, Education, Accessibility, Awareness
7
Cao, Hong. "Use the Conception of Universal Design to Instruct Housing Construction". Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (mayo de 2012): 1669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1669.
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The housing construction should show the barrier-free design. By reflecting the status quo of the barrier-free design of houses in China, the paper analyses the profound meaning of instructing housing construction with the universal design，and further explores "universal houses" which adapt to all people throughout the whole life.
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Mabuchi, Mamoru, Kohmei Halada y Tatsuhiko Aizawa. "Barrier-Free Processing of Materials for Environmentally Benign Life-Cycle Design". MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 43, n.º 3 (2002): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.43.285.
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Kock, Martin. "Disability Law in Germany: An Overview of Employment, Education and Access Rights". German Law Journal 5, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 2004): 1373–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200013286.
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Under German law, people with disabilities are entitled to help and assistance in order to avert, eliminate or improve their disability. The general goal is to overcome, as much as possible, the disability's effects and to enable the disabled to participate in all areas of society, especially in the labor market and in community life. The Federal Government is obliged to a barrier-free design and construction of public buildings, streets, etc. and to provide barrier-free access to communication, especially in the field of administrative Internet sites, official forms and notifications. In the area of public transportation, all facilities and means of transportation (bus, train, aircraft) are also required to be barrier-free. The same applies to restaurants.
10
Khomutova, N. N., K. A. Vizner, S. A. Makhortova y S. N. Chudievich. "Eyblism and the Social Environment in Theory and Practice". Sociology and Law, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/2219-6242-2020-4-25-31.
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The problem of the discrimination of people with disabilities remains being an urgent social problem. Misunderstanding of the meaning of this problem by others results in a situation when invalid’s level of life cannot be equal to a healthy person’s level of life. This article raises the issue of ableism in order to explore the idea of barrier-free environment integration. The results of a social survey are demonstrating a good level of respondent’s awareness concerning this problem and their will to participate in a discussion and taking of measures for the integration of a barrier-free environment with the intention to raise the invalid’s level of life.
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Khomutova, N. N., K. A. Vizner, S. A. Makhortova y S. N. Chudievich. "Eyblism and the Social Environment in Theory and Practice". Sociology and Law, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/2219-6242-2020-4-25-31.
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The problem of the discrimination of people with disabilities remains being an urgent social problem. Misunderstanding of the meaning of this problem by others results in a situation when invalid’s level of life cannot be equal to a healthy person’s level of life. This article raises the issue of ableism in order to explore the idea of barrier-free environment integration. The results of a social survey are demonstrating a good level of respondent’s awareness concerning this problem and their will to participate in a discussion and taking of measures for the integration of a barrier-free environment with the intention to raise the invalid’s level of life.
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Chen, Qing. "Applied-Information Technology in Barrier-Free Service of University Library". Advanced Materials Research 1021 (agosto de 2014): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1021.257.
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It’s the library’s duty to offer barrier-free service for the disabled. And applied-information technology is applied into the barrier-free service, which may be found helpful to promote the disabled readers’ initiatives and help them seek for information conveniently in library. There are some measures university library can take to offer barrier-free service with applied-information technology such as opening more free computer-training classes for disabled readers to improve their information skills, offering aural OPAC service, posting the copies of library resources by E-mail and providing assistive technology and equipment related to information service. In addition to these measures, some activities like enriching the spiritual and cultural life of the disabled readers and increasing the communication between able-bodied people and the disabled.
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WATI, NI LUH PUTU KARTIKA, KOMANG DHARMAWAN y KARTIKA SARI. "PERBANDINGAN KEKONVERGENAN METODE CONDITIONAL MONTE CARLO DAN ANTITHETIC VARIATE DALAM MENENTUKAN HARGA OPSI CALL TIPE BARRIER". E-Jurnal Matematika 7, n.º 3 (2 de septiembre de 2018): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mtk.2018.v07.i03.p214.
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Barrier option is an option where the payoff price depends on whether or not the stock price passes the barrier during its life time. The aim of the research is to compare the convergence between conditional Monte Carlo and antithetic variate methods in determining the call barrier option price. The call barrier option price is influenced by several factors: initial stock price, stock volatility, risk-free interest rate, maturity, strike price and barrier. The calculation of call barrier option price is obtained by simulating stock price movements with different simulation number. Based on the simulation result, it is obtained that the calculation of call barrier option price with conditional Monte Carlo method converge faster than the antithetic variate method.
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Song, Ling, Shao Wei Zhang y Zhi Min Li. "Planning and Design of Urban Barrier Free Building Environment with Aging of Population". Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (noviembre de 2012): 536–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.536.
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With the development of the times, the quality of human life and environment gets ameliorative ceaselessly. It is the main goal for ensuring every public safety, health, comfort and convenience of modern society civilization and city construction, and "concern for people" is the most basic principles. On the basis of helping the different application groups, such as different age, different view of life and physical condition to set up independent life, this paper proposes the ideas and methods for planning and design humane architecture and city environment with complete and perfect building facilities.
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Pernišová, Alena. "Proposal of Architectonic – Construction Solution of Barrier-Free Measures of Entry Premises in Non-Residential Buildings Specified for Use by the Public". Applied Mechanics and Materials 820 (enero de 2016): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.820.57.
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Barrier-free environment should be an obvious part of our life. The reality is but different. In non-residential buildings specified for use by the public one can uselessly look for information useful for persons with limited ability of movement and orientation. The question of information boards is very disregarded and often non-dealt with at all. Upon entry into most of the buildings you will not find any optical system for deaf people, acoustic system (voice light) for blind people or information related to barrier-free access for people with movement handicap. Project engineer, upon performing his work has to take into consideration the fact that building being designed shall be used by all groups of citizens. Try to look around with eyes of a person who moves on wheelchair or through a walking stick. You will find missing information and orientation system on possibilities of barrier-free movement inside the building on each and every building.
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Fernando, Adrian F. y Joselito F. David. "Combination of Autologous Protein-Rich Fibrin and Bone Graft: An Invaluable Option for Reconstruction of Segmental Mandibular Defects". Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 28, n.º 1 (18 de junio de 2013): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v28i1.509.
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Dear Editor,
Reconstruction of mandibular defects resulting from ablative surgery for benign and malignant tumors remains a reconstructive challenge. For the past decade, the fibular free flap has been the workhorse for large mandibular defects because of its length, versatility, and ability to be harvested with a skin paddle for soft tissue closure. Although its success rate has continuously improved to almost 95%, donor site morbidity remains a matter of concern.1,2 Bone grafts are already widely used in dental surgery but only as fillers for chipped or marginal defects and not for large segmental mandibular defects. We present a new technique of reconstructing segmental mandibular defects using bone grafts combined with autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a biomaterial derived intra-operatively from the patient that incorporates leukocytes, platelets, growth factors, and a wide range of glycoproteins in a dense fibrin matrix. Moreover, we describe the essential role of PRF in bone healing and regeneration that offers an invaluable reconstructive option that is free of donor site morbidity without sacrificing the main goal of reconstruction in restoring both form and function.
Keywords: Mandibular reconstruction; segmental mandibular defect; bone graft; autologous Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF)
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subject and Indications
A 23-year-old male underwent reconstruction with allogenic bone graft in combination with autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) for a large segmental angle to parasymphyseal mandibular defect. (Figure 1) As in this example, the authors’ technique for segmental mandibular defect reconstruction using bone grafts with PRF was best performed as a second stage procedure following tumor ablation to prevent contamination from oral cavity secretions. As with any elective procedure, a thorough review of the medical history, control of systemic disease and informed consent were necessary. Patients with contraindications for fibular free flaps, such as history of peripheral vascular disease, unfavorable imaging of the lower extremity, venous insufficiency, and anomalous lower extremity vasculature may benefit from this technique.3 Patients who had failed mandibular reconstruction with other methods such as those reconstructed with single alloplastic material, titanium plate, non-vascularized autologous bone graft, or free flaps are likewise candidates for this option.
Procedure
A submandibular incision was made and a sub-platysmal flap was raised to expose the entire length of the mandibular defect. Apart from the preservation of vital structures in the area, it was important not to violate the oral mucosa to prevent contamination of the reconstruction site. A cortico-cancellous allogenic bone graft (Maxgraft®, Botiss Medical AG , Berlin, Germany) was fitted to the mandibular defect and anchored with bicortical screws (2.5; 2.8 mm, lengths 14-20 mm) to a pre-bended 2.5 mm reconstruction titanium plate (Modus Reco 2.5, Medartis, Hochbergerstrasse Basel Switzerland). The remaining gaps between the inlaid grafts were filled with the remaining cancellous bone and biomimetic composite materials. (Figure 2) Although allogenic bone grafts with cortical and cancellous components are recommended for mandibular ramus and condylar reconstruction as these regions are composed of nearly 100% cortical bone, xenogenic (Cerabone®, Botiss Medical AG , Berlin, Germany) or combined alloplastic material- (Maxresorb®, Botiss Medical AG , Berlin, Germany) bone grafts may be used in other regions. (Figure 3)
Meanwhile, venous blood was simultaneously drawn from the patient and placed in a 10 cc glass collecting tube for single centrifuge processing using a PC-O2 centrifuge (PC-O2, Process, Nice, France). The specific centrifuge processes 8 uncoated tubes using a standard protocol specially manufactured for processing PRF using 33° tube angulation at 2700 RPM’s, soft spin for 12 minutes.4 (Figure 4) At the end of the centrifugation process, three distinct fractions of blood components were produced where the intermediate fraction composed of dense PRF clot was used. The other blood components separated by the centrifugation process- serum or platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and red blood cell concentrates, were respectively situated in the superficial and bottom layers of the collecting tube. The PRF clots were then transferred to a PRF processing box (PRF Box®, Process, Nice, France) to prepare standardized membranes and harvest the PRF exudates in a sterile environment.5 (Figure 5) Collagen material of native pericardium (GTR/GBR) membrane (Jason® membrane, Botiss Medical AG, Berlin, Germany) was placed underneath the graft recipient site and the processed PRF membranes were layered over the graft recipient site to stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and neoangiogenesis.6
The entire recipient site was then enveloped with the collagen material, mechanically securing the autologous PRF in contact with the bone grafts. (Figure 6) This established a membrane barrier for guided bone regeneration (GBR) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) by preventing growth of undesired cells inside the neomandible and allowing osteogenesis and angiogenesis.7 Commercially available collagen biomaterials vary from native collagen membrane to enhanced Ca/P collagen composite materials such as the 3D-stable collagen graft (Mucoderm®, Botiss Medical AG, Berlin, Germany) with larger available sizes for long mandibular defect coverage. The skin was closed in the usual manner and the patient was initially maintained on a liquid diet, progressing to a soft diet over 2-4 weeks. Plain panoramic radiographs after a week confirmed proper alignment of the bone grafts and monthly radiographic series was recommended for the first 6 months after reconstruction.
RESULTS
Monthly panoramic radiographs for the first 6 months after reconstruction showed absence of bone resorption. A 3D reconstruction CT imaging of the mandible was done after 10 months for placement of three osteo-integrated dental implants. (Figure 7) Bone biopsies were also taken in conjunction with placement of dental implants, and sent to the University of Bonn, Germany for histologic evaluation. (Figure 8) The trichrome-stained specimens showed new mineralized tissues consisting of woven bone characterized by high numbers of distributed osteocytes and irregularly arranged fiber bundles within the new bone matrix confirming bone regeneration. (Figure 9) The latest panoramic radiograph of the patient at 26 months after surgery showed absence of gaps between the bone grafts and their junction with the normal mandible, evincing complete bone regeneration and a successful mandibular reconstruction. (Figure 10) A total of 14 cases of segmental mandibular defects have been reconstructed by the authors using the particular technique from January 2011 to February 2013 with 100% success rate and will be reported as a series in the near future.
DISCUSSION
Advancements in mandibular reconstruction have continued to develop over the past decades. The use of alloplastic materials like titanium plating implants for repairing mandibular defects provided patients with rapid rigid mandibular restoration but was limited by numerous complications such as infection, plate extrusion, and subsequent failure. Recently, the concept of distraction osteogenesis, involving bone distraction with an external mechanical device and progressive lengthening of the bone to allow a gap of new bone during the consolidation phase has also been used for mandibular reconstruction but has been limited by poor scar formation, delayed return to function, and inadequate formation of desired bone length.8 The advent of microvascular reconstructive surgery enabled the transfer of vascularized osseous flaps with the most commonly used fibular free flap showing superior results over non-vascularized bone transfer and better quality of life outcome. However, it did not remain free of donor-site morbidities.9
Tissue engineering led to the development and use of bone grafts that hold promise for the future of head and neck repair.10 Numerous clinical studies demonstrated the utility of tissue engineering in developing bone grafts for mandibular defect reconstruction.11 Such have already been widely used over the past decades in oro-maxillary and dental reconstruction, including the recombinant bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) that is now used with great success in cleft palate repair, alveolar ridge augmentation, and sinus lift procedures.12 Autogenous bone grafts derived from the patient work through osteogenesis, osteoinduction and osteoconduction. However, such are not recommended because apart from enabling a donor site morbidity-free technique, they are best harvested as microvascular flaps. Allogenic bone grafts on the other hand are cadaveric processed grafts that may be cortical, trabecular, or combined in composition and have both osteoconductive and osteinductive properties. Xenografts or processed animal bone graft are a subgroup of the synthetically manufactured alloplasts known to form new bones from their osteoconductive activities.
The use of autologous PRF is already widely used in combination with bone grafts for dental surgeries but not for large mandibular defects.13 Our reconstructive technique using bone grafts for large segmental mandibular defects emphasizes the important role of PRF with its intrinsic factors and leukocyte contents that release high amounts of growth factors such as TGBß1, PDGF-AB, VEGF and matrix glycoproteins.14 Collagen membrane used to envelop the entire recipient site creates a membrane barrier to prevent the growth of soft tissues and allow angiogenesis within the neomandible.15 Fascia lata may be used as a membrane barrier but defeats the authors’ goal of an absolute donor site morbidity-free procedure. Overall, this particular technique along with gentle tissue handling and avoidance of oral cavity contamination for reconstructing large mandibular defects has been found to enhance bone regeneration capable for osteo-integrated dental implantation.
Generally, the harvesting and processing of autologous PRF is simple and inexpensive. Its use with bone grafts is a good substitute for segmental mandibular reconstruction in patients with contraindications to free flap procedures or in cases where patients simply wish to be free from any donor-site morbidity. However, this technique is limited to defects secondary to trauma and ablation of benign conditions as bone regeneration is expected in approximately 6 to 9 months. Mandibular defects following resection of malignant oral neoplasms are still best reconstructed with fibular free flaps as radiation therapy is warranted at the soonest possible time. Histologic validation of bone regeneration and osteoblastic activity index for the 13 other cases performed by the authors using this particular technique necessitates bone research centers that are capable of advanced bone analysis, and none are locally-available at this time. Meanwhile, this technique of combining autologous PRF in bone grafting remains an innovative and invaluable option for mandibular reconstruction today.
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D. Wood, D. Wood. "Real Life Access to “Second Life” Worlds: The Potential, the Problems and the Possibilities for a Barrier-Free Future". International Journal of Diversity in Organizations, Communities, and Nations: Annual Review 8, n.º 6 (2009): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9532/cgp/v08i06/39687.
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Gura, Dmitry, Nadezhda Kiryunikova, Elina Lesovaya y Saida Pshidatok. "Barrier-free environment as an aspect for the development of accessible ecotourism". E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 10013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017510013.
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Nowadays, in the entire palette of famous types of tourism, accessible ecotourism is one of the most promising ones. This area of tourism plays an important social role in the life of people with physical disabilities. Thanks to accessible ecotourism, the environment for people with disabilities is expanding. The paper analyzes the development of accessible tourism using the example of Krasnodar and the Krasnodar Krai, actualizes the need for the development of this type of tourism and establishes its importance for people with disabilities. It was revealed that it is necessary to carry out the state policy of the field of accessible tourism and plan the development of this sector at the state and regional levels using advanced information technologies. Routes that will be equipped with the necessary equipment for a comfortable moving and stay of people with disabilities are presented. The project approach allowed developing a model of mobile application for the development of accessible ecotourism in the Krasnodar Krai and throughout the whole country with the inclusion of all interested authorities in the solution of the problem, pooling the necessary resources and social survey. The results of the study and the experience of personal participation of the authors are given in this paper.
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DIMARCO, A., S. B. DUARTE, O. A. P. TAVARES, M. GONÇALVES, F. GARCÍA, O. RODRÍGUEZ y F. GUZMÁN. "EFFECT OF NUCLEAR DEFORMATION ON THE ALPHA-DECAY HALF-LIFE OF EVEN-EVEN ALPHA EMITTERS". International Journal of Modern Physics E 09, n.º 03 (junio de 2000): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301300000143.
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Alpha-decay half-life of even-even emitters has been calculated in terms of tunnelling through a quantum mechanical potential barrier. A multipolar expansion of Coulomb potential has been developed taking into account the nuclear quadrupole, hexadecapole, and hexacontatetrapole deformations. We show that using a free-parameter model the calculated half-lives do not vary significantly with higher order multipolarities of the daughter nucleus deformation.
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DELFINO, ANTONIO, JOÃO B. Da SILVA, JORGE S. De Sá MARTINS, SUZANA MOSS De OLIVEIRA y CLAUDETTE E. CORDEIRO. "ISOBARIC PROCESSES CLOSE TO THE SPINODAL". International Journal of Modern Physics D 13, n.º 07 (agosto de 2004): 1183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271804005298.
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We construct a generalized Landau free energy expansion around any spinodal point, for which the usual expansion around the critical point is a particular case. The decay of deeply quenched metastable states close to the spinodal through isobaric processes is analyzed and their mean life time is related to a barrier height, which we compute. The results are compared with those obtained through the use of the usual Landau free energy expansion around the critical point.
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Tam, Vivian, Ivan Fung, Y. Tsang y Leo Chan. "Development of a Universal Design-Based Guide for Handrails: An Empirical Study for Hong Kong Elderly". Sustainability 10, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2018): 4233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114233.
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An important and basic strategy for facilitating the inclusion and daily life of elderly in accordance with those living in public rental housing buildings is to allow their circulation to be barrier-free and self-supported. Therefore, the provision of a handrail guide could improve their living standard. This paper develops a universal design guide for handrails focusing on the needs of elderly. Fifteen routes with mostly elderly were selected and targeted for evaluating the existing problems with handrail provision. Surveys and informal interviews with elderly, adults, and children were also conducted to further investigate their needs, their ease of existing facilities, and possible future implementation to improve their ease. From the survey results, it was found that most of the existing problems with handrail layouts exist within the community. In addition to standardizing, modifying, and suggesting the ideas on handrail design and layout, the promotion of the ideas from universal design was the emphasis on this investigation in order to make a barrier-free city into a barrier-free but universal community for a better international city. The guide focuses on the standardization of synthetization of the scope in terms of design and layout. Simultaneously, an advanced part of design also regards the improvement of technological, environmental, and self-support features to improve Hong Kong’s international friendliness with tailor-made ideas such as Elderlysteady.
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Caio, Giacomo, Lisa Lungaro, Nicola Segata, Matteo Guarino, Giorgio Zoli, Umberto Volta y Roberto De Giorgio. "Effect of Gluten-Free Diet on Gut Microbiota Composition in Patients with Celiac Disease and Non-Celiac Gluten/Wheat Sensitivity". Nutrients 12, n.º 6 (19 de junio de 2020): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061832.
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Celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCG/WS) are the two most frequent conditions belonging to gluten-related disorders (GRDs). Both these diseases are triggered and worsened by gluten proteins ingestion, although other components, such as amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATI) and fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs), seem to be involved in the NCG/WS onset. Therefore, the only effective treatment to date is the long-life adherence to a strictly gluten-free diet. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the intestinal barrier, a dynamic system comprising various components, which regulate the delicate crosstalk between metabolic, motor, neuroendocrine and immunological functions. Among the elements characterizing the intestinal barrier, the microbiota plays a key role, modulating the gut integrity maintenance, the immune response and the inflammation process, linked to the CD and NCG/WS outbreak. This narrative review addresses the most recent findings on the gut microbiota modulation induced by the gluten-free diet (GFD) in healthy, CD and NCG/WS patients.
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Fouquet, Antoine, Elodie A. Courtois, Daniel Baudain, Jucivaldo Dias Lima, Sergio Marques Souza, Brice P. Noonan y Miguel T. Rodrigues. "The trans-riverine genetic structure of 28 Amazonian frog species is dependent on life history". Journal of Tropical Ecology 31, n.º 4 (8 de junio de 2015): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467415000206.
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Abstract:Among the hypotheses formulated to explain the origin of Amazonian biodiversity, two (the riverine-barrier and the river-refuge hypotheses) focus on the role that rivers play as biotic barriers promoting speciation. However, empirical results have both supported and refuted these hypotheses. This is likely due, at least in part, to river-specific hydrologic characteristics and the biology of the focal species. The rivers of the Guiana Shield represent a model system because they have had more stable courses over time than those of the western Amazon Basin, where most tests of riverine barrier effects have taken place. We tested whether life-history traits (body size, habitat and larval development), expected to be important in determining dispersal ability, of 28 frog species are associated with genetic structure and genetic distances of individuals sampled from both banks of the Oyapock River. Thirteen of these species displayed genetic structure consistent with the river acting as a barrier to dispersal. Surprisingly, body size was not correlated with trans-riverine population structure. However, leaf-litter dwellers and species lacking free-living tadpoles were found to exhibit higher river-associated structure than open habitat/arboreal species and those with exotrophic tadpoles. These results demonstrate that rivers play an important role in structuring the genetic diversity of many frog species though the permeability of such riverine barriers is highly dependent on species-specific traits.
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Mori, Takahisa, Nobuaki Shimizu, Atsushi Jinno-Oue, Atsushi Tanaka, Masahiko Shinagawa, Shigemi Tokizawa, Tsuyoshi Akagi y Hiroo Hoshino. "Tax1-expressing feline 8C cells are useful to monitor the life cycle of human T-cell leukemia virus type I". Journal of General Virology 93, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2012): 588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.037382-0.
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Extremely low infectivity has hampered direct (cell-free) infection studies of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). In order to break through this barrier, we examined the susceptibility of many kinds of cells to HTLV-I and found a feline kidney cell line, 8C, that is highly susceptible to HTLV-I and produced remarkable amounts of infectious progeny viruses. Tax1 protein encoded by HTLV-I is known as a transcription activator for viral and cellular genes. We found that the 8C cells expressing the Tax1 protein (8C/TaxWT cells) can produce more progeny viruses than 8C cells when the cells were exposed to cell-free HTLV-I. A large number of syncytia were also induced in these cells. Here, we propose 8C/TaxWT cells as a useful tool to study the cell-free HTLV-I infection.
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Chen, Li, Ye Li, Xu Lei Qin, Kui Wu, De Long Jiang y Jing Quan Tian. "The Formation of Super-Thin Dielectric Film on Porous Substrate and its Stopping – Transmittance Characteristics for Particles". Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (septiembre de 2011): 1305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1305.
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The formation of super-thin continuous dielectric film (e.g. the ion barrier film-IBF) on microchannel plate (a kind of porous substrate) is most important for prolonging the operating life of the third generation micro-light image tube. In this paper, firstly, the formation of Al2O3 ion barrier film on microchannel plate (MCP) using a new contamination-free technology was introduced. According to the analysis and the comparison with the traditional direct formation technology, it was found that the productivity of the new technology is better (90%) and the carbon contamination can be minimized. Next, the stopping and transmittance characteristic of the film for electrons were studied and the measurement principle was shown. In this measurement, the concepts of “dead-voltage” and “electron transmittance” were proposed to evaluate the stopping and transmittance of the film for electrons. The dead-voltage was 220V for the MCP covered the ion barrier film with a thickness of 5nm and the electron transmittance was over 90%.
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Brausch, Carsten y Dušan Katunský. "Changing Social Structure in Europe calls for Tailor-made, Barrier-free Living and new Interior Design". Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 10, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2015): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2015-0008.
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Abstract Europe is experiencing a demographic change, resulting in a change in social structure. People are living longer and birth rates are declining. This changing structure in Europe poses special challenges for housing designers and builders. A new approach in the design of real estate must be created and implemented that caters for the future needs of the occupants of the living space in all phases and allows residents to remain self-sufficient in their "home" for as long as possible. In the earliest stages of design, the typical requirements for each phase of life of future, potential residents must already be considered. This is especially true for people with special protection needs, such as those with visual or hearing impairments.
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A.V, Kukushkina, Kantaryuk E.A, Hechiashvili I.T y Kantaryuk M.V. "A Hermeneutics of a Barrier-Free Environment for People with Disabilities (Experience of Visual Comment)". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n.º 3.5 (7 de julio de 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.5.15206.
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At the present time in Russian society there is an attention to the problem of rehabilitation of people with disabilities and their integration into society. In order to create conditions for unhindered access of persons with disabilities to information objects and even to improve their level of living The Government of the Russian Federation approved the state program «Accessibility». One of the objectives of the program is to provide educational, spiritual, information and cultured resources for people with disabilities. Consider the features of perception for the example of people with visual problems. It is known that for the blind, tactile information is necessary, which they can perceive with their fingertips that are the main organs of tactile perception. Also blind people use a so-called white cane to feel the way. The blind and the visually impaired can write and read independently. They do this with their hands, using the relief-point system by Louis Braille. Pay attention to the fact that the sighted person sees the whole object, and then distinguish the details, but a blind person must examine an object on the contour, after that an integral representation is formed. One of the main aspects in a person's life is the spiritual component.
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Dias, Irundika H. K., Maria C. Polidori y Helen R. Griffiths. "Hypercholesterolaemia-induced oxidative stress at the blood–brain barrier". Biochemical Society Transactions 42, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2014): 1001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20140164.
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Blood cholesterol levels are not consistently elevated in subjects with age-related cognitive decline, although epidemiological studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases share common risk factors. These include the presence of an unusual genetic variant, the APOE4 (apolipoprotein E4) allele, which modulates LDL (low-density lipoproteins) metabolism, increases free radical formation and reduces plasma antioxidant concentrations. Together, these risk factors support a mechanism for increased LDL circulation time and free radical modification of LDL. Plasma oxycholesterols, hydroxylated metabolites of cholesterol, are carried by oxidized LDL, and elevated lipids in mid-life are associated with increased long-term risk of dementia. Although brain cholesterol metabolism is segregated from the systemic circulation, during oxidative stress, plasma oxycholesterols could have damaging effects on BBB (blood–brain barrier) function and consequently on neuronal cells. Cholesterol-lowering drugs such as statins may prevent the modifications to LDL in mid-life and might show beneficial effects in later life.
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Özaltun, Betül y Zeliha Selamoğlu. "Affinity of Propofol to Human Serum Albumin and Cardiovascular Effects". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, n.º 4 (24 de abril de 2019): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i4.684-687.2486.
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Propofol is used in general anesthesia and sedation. İt is an lipofilic agent and metabolize to inactive form in liver then excreted in the urine. In body it is turnover changes by human serum albumin amount. >97% of propofol is bound to serum albumin. So that hypoalbunemia changes propofol effects. Free form of propopol can pass all membrans such as the blood-brain barrier and the cellular membrane of the cardiac endothelium. Propofol may cause significant myocardial depression, decrease blood pressure and cause life threatining arytmias. Changes in the ratio of free and bound forms of propofol and albumin depending on the dose and duration of administration, the effects of this ratio on cardiac profile are discussed in this study. According to the findings, it was determined that the albumin affinity of propofol decreased in all dose groups in time. Since free HSA and free propofol ratio will increase, this situation is thought to affect the cardiac profile negatively.
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Bortniuk, O. A. "Aging society: prospects for improving the quality of life". POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA 92, n.º 3 (2020): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2020-92-3-193-201.
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The article is devoted to the issues related to the phenomenon of “aging society”. The relevance of creating a barrier-free environment for the elderly is dictated by the current demographic trend towards an increase in life expectancy, an increase in its quality. The number of centenarians with functional impairments (senile dementia, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s) who require care at a qualitatively new level is increasing. Innovative form of organizing the leisure of the elderly «Kindergarten for the elderly people» is considered as one of the ways to solve the problem. Based on the data of a study conducted by the Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education of the Far-Eastern state medical university of the Ministry of Health of Russia in 2020, identified the need to create a social institution «Kindergarten for the elderly people». The article notes the need for older people to adapt to the changing conditions of their life in the society saturated with gadgets and information.
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Yu, Jingyu, Guixia Ma y Xiaoyan Jiang. "Impact of the built environment and care services within rural nursing homes in China on quality of life for elderly residents". Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24, n.º 6 (20 de noviembre de 2017): 1170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-08-2016-0187.
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Purpose The ageing of rural Chinese populations is challenging health and social policy, driving growth in rural nursing homes. Living environment plays a role in enhancing elderly quality of life (QoL), however, the impact of the built environment and care services are under-studied. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of the built environment and care services on the QoL of elderly people within rural nursing homes in China. Design/methodology/approach A total of 242 residents of nursing home were surveyed, of which 76 percent were male and 24 percent were female. In total, 25.6 percent were aged between 60 and 69, 40.1 percent between 70 and 79, 31 percent between 80 and 89, and 3.3 percent were 90 or above. Quantitative data were analyzed through factor analysis, reliability test and multiple regression modeling. Findings The authors identified six built environment factors (room distance, space, barrier-free design, indoor environment, fire safety, and support facilities) and three services factors (i.e. daily care services, cleaning services, and healthcare services). QoL was measured over four dimensions: QoL, physical health, psychological health, and social relationships. Elderly QoL could be accurately predicted from room distance, space, barrier-free design, indoor environment, daily care services, and cleaning services. Practical implications Interventions in design of the built environment and the provision of care services are proposed, including dimensions of living space, heating, and provisions for qualified care providers. Originality/value This paper provides a clear picture about elderly special requirements on their built environment and healthcare services, helping architects, engineers and facilities managers understand elderly needs and improve built environment during design and operation stages.
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Guo, Xin, Jaladanki N. Rao, Lan Liu, Tongtong Zou, Kaspar M. Keledjian, Dessy Boneva, Bernard S. Marasa y Jian-Ying Wang. "Polyamines are necessary for synthesis and stability of occludin protein in intestinal epithelial cells". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 288, n.º 6 (junio de 2005): G1159—G1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00407.2004.
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Occludin is an integral membrane protein that forms the sealing element of tight junctions and is critical for epithelial barrier function. Polyamines are implicated in multiple signaling pathways driving different biological functions of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). The present study determined whether polyamines are involved in expression of occludin and play a role in intestinal epithelial barrier function. Studies were conducted in stable Cdx2-transfected IEC-6 cells (IEC-Cdx2L1) associated with a highly differentiated phenotype. Polyamine depletion by α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) decreased levels of occludin protein but failed to affect expression of its mRNA. Other tight junction proteins, zonula occludens (ZO)-1, ZO-2, claudin-2, and claudin-3, were also decreased in polyamine-deficient cells. Decreased levels of tight junction proteins in DFMO-treated cells were associated with dysfunction of the epithelial barrier, which was overcome by exogenous polyamine spermidine. Decreased levels of occludin in polyamine-deficient cells was not due to the reduction of intracellular-free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt), because either increased or decreased [Ca2+]cyt did not alter levels of occludin in the presence or absence of polyamines. The level of newly synthesized occludin protein was decreased by ∼70% following polyamine depletion, whereas its protein half-life was reduced from ∼120 min in control cells to ∼75 min in polyamine-deficient cells. These findings indicate that polyamines are necessary for the synthesis and stability of occludin protein and that polyamine depletion disrupts the epithelial barrier function, at least partially, by decreasing occludin.
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Koerstz, Mads, Anders S. Christensen, Kurt V. Mikkelsen, Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen y Jan H. Jensen. "High throughput virtual screening of 230 billion molecular solar heat battery candidates". PeerJ Physical Chemistry 3 (10 de febrero de 2021): e16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-pchem.16.
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The dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene (DHA/VHF) thermocouple is a promising candidate for thermal heat batteries that absorb and store solar energy as chemical energy without the need for insulation. However, in order to be viable the energy storage capacity and lifetime of the high energy form (i.e., the free energy barrier to the back reaction) of the canonical parent compound must be increased significantly to be of practical use. We use semiempirical quantum chemical methods, machine learning, and density functional theory to virtually screen over 230 billion substituted DHA molecules to identify promising candidates. We identify a molecule with a predicted energy density of 0.38 kJ/g, which is significantly larger than the 0.14 kJ/g computed for the parent compound. The free energy barrier to the back reaction is 11 kJ/mol higher than the parent compound, which should correspond to a half-life of about 10 days—4 months. This is considerably longer than the 3–39 h (depending on solvent) observed for the parent compound and sufficiently long for many practical applications. Our paper makes two main important contributions: (1) a novel and generally applicable methodological approach that makes screening of huge libraries for properties involving chemical reactivity with modest computational resources, and (2) a clear demonstration that the storage capacity of the DHA/VHF thermocouple cannot be increased to >0.5 kJ/g by combining simple substituents.
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de Moreno, Raúl, Cristina Redondo, Azahara Pérez-Davó, Esther Moreno y Pedro Redondo. "New Cosmetic Formulation for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Infantile Atopic Dermatitis". Children 6, n.º 2 (29 de enero de 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children6020017.
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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic cutaneous inflammatory disorder, characterized by skin barrier disruption. Dermacare is a new cosmetic formulation, which enhances moisturization, reinforces and repairs the skin barrier, and prevents cutaneous microbiota imbalance. To demonstrate its safety and efficacy, a prospective, open-label, and multicenter study was carried out on patients diagnosed with mild to moderate AD. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), clinical severity, Desquamation Index, Patient/Investigator Global Assessments, quality of life index, and tolerance were assessed. Adverse events were recorded. Daily application of the new treatment was well tolerated, and adverse events were absent. After 14 days, TEWL showed a 36.7% significant decrease (p = 0.035). At the end of the 28-day treatment, the Desquamation Index showed a reduction in 70% of patients; Eczema Area and Severity Index were reduced by 70.4% (p = 0.002); and skin irritation showed a significant reduction (p = 0.024). Likewise, Patient and Investigator Global Assessments reported a significant improvement in conditions and an overall global worsening when patients restarted their normal treatment. Parent’s Index of Quality of Life Index significantly increased by 36.4% (p < 0.05) with Dermacare. In conclusion, a regular use of this new formulation can reduce the risk of relapse and extend the steroid-free treatment periods.
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Guo, Xin, Jaladanki N. Rao, Lan Liu, Tong-Tong Zou, Douglas J. Turner, Barbara L. Bass y Jian-Ying Wang. "Regulation of adherens junctions and epithelial paracellular permeability: a novel function for polyamines". American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 285, n.º 5 (noviembre de 2003): C1174—C1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00015.2003.
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Maintenance of intestinal mucosal epithelial integrity requires polyamines that are involved in the multiple signaling pathways controlling gene expression and different epithelial cell functions. Integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier depends on a complex of proteins composing different intercellular junctions, including tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes. E-cadherin is primarily found at the adherens junctions and plays a critical role in cell-cell adhesions that are fundamental to formation of the intestinal epithelial barrier. The current study determined whether polyamines regulate intestinal epithelial barrier function by altering E-cadherin expression. Depletion of cellular polyamines by α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) reduced intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt), decreased E-cadherin expression, and increased paracellular permeability in normal intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6 line). Polyamine depletion did not alter expression of tight junction proteins such as zona occludens (ZO)-1, ZO-2, and junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-1. Addition of exogenous polyamine spermidine reversed the effects of DFMO on [Ca2+]cyt and E-cadherin expression and restored paracellular permeability to near normal. Elevation of [Ca2+]cyt by the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin increased E-cadherin expression in polyamine-deficient cells. In contrast, reduction of [Ca2+]cyt by polyamine depletion or removal of extracellular Ca2+ not only inhibited expression of E-cadherin mRNA but also decreased the half-life of E-cadherin protein. These results indicate that polyamines regulate intestinal epithelial paracellular barrier function by altering E-cadherin expression and that polyamines are essential for E-cadherin expression at least partially through [Ca2+]cyt.
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Zheng, Yuxiang, Huiyong Yin, William E. Boeglin, Peter M. Elias, Debra Crumrine, David R. Beier y Alan R. Brash. "Lipoxygenases Mediate the Effect of Essential Fatty Acid in Skin Barrier Formation". Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, n.º 27 (10 de mayo de 2011): 24046–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m111.251496.
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A barrier to water loss is vital to maintaining life on dry land. Formation of the mammalian skin barrier requires both the essential fatty acid linoleate and the two lipoxygenases 12R-lipoxygenase (12R-LOX) and epidermal lipoxygenase-3 (eLOX3), although their roles are poorly understood. Linoleate occurs in O-linoleoyl-ω-hydroxyceramide, which, after hydrolysis of the linoleate moiety, is covalently attached to protein via the free ω-hydroxyl of the ceramide, forming the corneocyte lipid envelope, a scaffold between lipid and protein that helps seal the barrier. Here we show using HPLC-UV, LC-MS, GC-MS, and 1H NMR that O-linoleoyl-ω-hydroxyceramide is oxygenated in a regio- and stereospecific fashion by the consecutive actions of 12R-LOX and eLOX3 and that these products occur naturally in pig and mouse epidermis. 12R-LOX forms 9R-hydroperoxy-linoleoyl-ω-hydroxyceramide, further converted by eLOX3 to specific epoxyalcohol (9R,10R-trans-epoxy-11E-13R-hydroxy) and 9-keto-10E,12Z esters of the ceramide; an epoxy-ketone derivative (9R,10R-trans-epoxy-11E-13-keto) is the most prominent oxidized ceramide in mouse skin. These products are absent in 12R-LOX-deficient mice, which crucially display a near total absence of protein-bound ω-hydroxyceramides and of the corneocyte lipid envelope and die shortly after birth from transepidermal water loss. We conclude that oxygenation of O-linoleoyl-ω-hydroxyceramide is required to facilitate the ester hydrolysis and allow bonding of the ω-hydroxyceramide to protein, providing a coherent explanation for the roles of multiple components in epidermal barrier function. Our study uncovers a hitherto unknown biochemical pathway in which the enzymic oxygenation of ceramides is involved in building a crucial structure of the epidermal barrier.
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Johnsen, B. P., T. A. Cruse, R. A. Miller y W. J. Brindley. "Compressive Fatigue of a Plasma Sprayed Zr02-8 wt%Y203 and Zr02-10wt%NiCrAlCoY TTBC". Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 117, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 1995): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2804544.
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High cycle (>106 cycles) fatigue (HCF) behavior of thick thermal barrier coatings (TTBC’s) was examined for applied stresses near the compressive strength of the material. Test data were obtained on four coating systems: two base materials in the unsealed and CrO2 dip sealed conditions. Free standing tubular specimens were evaluated. The data show that compressive fatigue limits exist for the four coating systems at room temperature (RT) and sealing with CrO2 improves RT fatigue life. Test results also show the ratio of the peak cyclic stress, at 105 cycles, to ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of the Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) tubular specimens approaches 0.90 at R = 0.6 (R = minimum/maximum compressive stress). Residual UCS increases were observed after fatigue run-outs at elevated temperatures (5 at 700°C and 1 at 400°C) for both YSZ and the cermet. Ratchetting with cyclic hardening was observed during fatigue with deformation occurring primarily in the initial portion of the high cycle fatigue life of the specimens.
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Cockerham, William C., Bryant W. Hamby, Olena Hankivsky, Elizabeth H. Baker y Setareh Rouhani. "Self-rated health and barriers to healthcare in Ukraine: The pivotal role of gender and its intersections". Communist and Post-Communist Studies 50, n.º 1 (18 de enero de 2017): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2017.01.001.
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The ongoing health crisis in the Ukraine has persisted for 48 years with a clear division of gender-based outcomes as seen in the decline of male life expectancy and stagnation of female longevity. The purpose of this paper is to investigate differences in self-rated health and system barriers to health care applicable to gender and its intersections because of the differing negative health outcomes for men and women. Intersectionality theory provides an analytic framework for interpreting our results. Utilizing a nationwide sample of the Ukrainian population (N ¼ 1908), we found that low socioeconomic status (SES) women rate their health worse than men generally and any other socioeconomic group. Yet women also face the greatest barriers to health care until older ages when the ailments of men cause them to likewise face the obstacles. In reviewing the barrier to health care scale, one barrier—that of health care services being too expensive—dominated the responses with some 52.5 percent of the sample reporting it. Consequently, the greatest problem in Ukraine with respect to health reform reported by the population is the out-of-pocket costs for care in a system that is officially free. These costs, constituting some 40 percent of all national health expenditures, affect women and the aged the most.
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Van Itallie, Christina M., Karin Fredriksson Lidman, Amber Jean Tietgens y James Melvin Anderson. "Newly synthesized claudins but not occludin are added to the basal side of the tight junction". Molecular Biology of the Cell 30, n.º 12 (junio de 2019): 1406–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e19-01-0008.
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A network of claudin strands creates continuous cell–cell contacts to form the intercellular tight junction barrier; a second protein, occludin, is associated along these strands. The physiological barrier remains stable despite protein turnover, which involves removal and replacement of claudins both in the steady state and during junction remodeling. Here we use a pulse–block–pulse labeling protocol with fluorescent ligands to label SNAP/CLIP-tags fused to claudins and occludin to identify their spatial trafficking pathways and kinetics in Madin–Darby canine kidney monolayers. We find that claudins are first delivered to the lateral membrane and, over time, enter the junction strand network from the basal side; this is followed by slow replacement of older claudins in the strands. In contrast, even at early times, newly synthesized occludin is found throughout the network. Taking the results together with our previous documentation of the mechanism for claudin strand assembly in a fibroblast model, we speculate that newly synthesized claudins are added at strand breaks and free ends; these are most common in the basalmost edge of the junction. In contrast, occludin can be added directly within the strand network. We further demonstrate that claudin trafficking and half-life depend on carboxy-terminal sequences and that different claudins compete for tight junction localization.
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Bisht, Kamal S. y Michael E. Dreyer. "Phase Separation in Porous Media Integrated Capillary Channels". Microgravity Science and Technology 32, n.º 6 (9 de noviembre de 2020): 1001–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12217-020-09828-6.
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Abstract Phase separation in space is critical for gas-free propellant supply, life support systems, refueling of spacecraft in low earth orbit (LEO), and for deep space exploration missions. In the absence of gravity, the stability of the liquid-gas interface depends on capillary forces. High liquid flow rates, sudden accelerations, and vibrational disturbances can cause the free surface of the liquid to collapse, which results in the ingestion of gas. Propellant tanks may have screen channel liquid acquisition devices (SCLADs) to position and maintain a gas-free propellant supply to the outlet. A saturated porous screen permits liquid to pass through but acts as a barrier to the gas. We investigated phase separation in porous media integrated capillary channels during parabolic flights (33rd DLR parabolic flight campaign in March 2019). An open side of a rectangular channel was covered with a dutch twill weave 200×1400. The liquid was ingested into the channel from its surroundings by establishing a differential pressure across the screen section. The gas-phase was blocked during the liquid withdrawal. We could show that the gas breakthrough occurs when the pressure difference across the screen exceeds the bubble point pressure. The experimental results showed good agreement with correlations from literature.
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Paprocka, Justyna, Marek Kijonka, Beata Rzepka y Maria Sokół. "Melatonin in Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Term and Preterm Babies". International Journal of Endocrinology 2019 (20 de febrero de 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9626715.
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Melatonin may serve as a potential therapeutic free radical scavenger and broad-spectrum antioxidant. It shows neuroprotective properties against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in animal models. The authors review the studies focusing on the neuroprotective potential of melatonin and its possibility of treatment after perinatal asphyxia. Melatonin efficacy, low toxicity, and ability to readily cross through the blood-brain barrier make it a promising molecule. A very interesting thing is the difference between the half-life of melatonin in preterm neonates (15 hours) and adults (45-60 minutes). Probably, the use of synergic strategies—hypothermia coupled with melatonin treatment—may be promising in improving antioxidant action. The authors discuss and try to summarize the evidence surrounding the use of melatonin in hypoxic-ischemic events in term and preterm babies.
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Ma, Wen-Tao, Wei-Xin Yan, Zhuang Fu y Yan-Zheng Zhao. "A Chinese cooking robot for elderly and disabled people". Robotica 29, n.º 6 (14 de febrero de 2011): 843–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574711000051.
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Cooking themselves is very important and difficult for elderly and disabled people in daily life. This paper presents a cooking robot for those people who are confined to wheelchairs. The robot can automatically load ingredients, cook Chinese dishes, take cooked foods out, deliver dishes to the table, self-clean, collect used ingredient box components, and so on. Its structure and interface is designed based on the barrier-free design principles. Elderly and disabled people can only click one button in the friendly Graphic User Interface of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) to launch the cooking processes, and several classic Chinese dishes would be placed in front of them one after another within few minutes. Experiments show that the robot can meet their special needs, and the involved aid activities are easy and effective for elderly and disabled people.
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Jîtcă, George, Bianca E. Ősz, Amelia Tero-Vescan y Camil E. Vari. "Psychoactive Drugs—From Chemical Structure to Oxidative Stress Related to Dopaminergic Neurotransmission. A Review". Antioxidants 10, n.º 3 (4 de marzo de 2021): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030381.
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Nowadays, more and more young people want to experience illegal, psychoactive substances, without knowing the risks of exposure. Besides affecting social life, psychoactive substances also have an important effect on consumer health. We summarized and analyzed the published literature data with reference to the mechanism of free radical generation and the link between chemical structure and oxidative stress related to dopaminergic neurotransmission. This review presents data on the physicochemical properties, on the ability to cross the blood brain barrier, the chemical structure activity relationship (SAR), and possible mechanisms by which neuronal injuries occur due to oxidative stress as a result of drug abuse such as “bath salts”, amphetamines, or cocaine. The mechanisms of action of ingested compounds or their metabolites involve intermediate steps in which free radicals are generated. The brain is strongly affected by the consumption of such substances, facilitating the induction of neurodegenerative diseases. It can be concluded that neurotoxicity is associated with drug abuse. Dependence and oxidative stress are linked to inhibition of neurogenesis and the onset of neuronal death. Understanding the pathological mechanisms following oxidative attack can be a starting point in the development of new therapeutic targets.
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Robertson, Rachel E., Anastasia A. Kokina y Debra W. Moore. "Barriers to Implementing Behavior Intervention Plans: Results of a Statewide Survey". Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions 22, n.º 3 (28 de febrero de 2020): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098300720908013.
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Behavior intervention plans (BIPs) based on a functional behavior assessment are supported by a large body of research showing their potential for positively impacting student behavior; however, research also indicates that many classroom teams struggle to implement BIPs with fidelity. We conducted a statewide survey of over 600 teachers to examine teacher-reported experiences with BIP implementation, including 13 implementation barriers previously identified in the literature. Selecting from the list provided, teachers reported the most prominent barrier to be “the cause of student problem behavior cannot be addressed through a BIP.” In written comments, teachers stated that many behavior problems were at least partially caused by factors beyond teacher control, such as a difficult home life, and perceived BIPs as less effective in these cases. Teachers from urban schools and schools with higher percentages of minority students reported encountering this barrier significantly more frequently. In general, teachers from schools (a) in urban settings, (b) with higher percentages of students receiving free or reduced lunch, and (c) with higher percentages of minority students reported significantly greater challenges to BIP implementation as well as lower fidelity and effectiveness of BIPs. Other prominent barriers identified by teachers included inconsistent implementation of BIPs across staff, inadequate resources to implement BIPs, and ineffective BIPs. Implications for improving implementation of BIPs in schools are discussed.
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Garcia, Elisa, Jorge Aguilar-Cevallos, Raul Silva-Garcia y Antonio Ibarra. "Cytokine and Growth Factor Activation In Vivo and In Vitro after Spinal Cord Injury". Mediators of Inflammation 2016 (2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9476020.
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Spinal cord injury results in a life-disrupting series of deleterious interconnected mechanisms encompassed by the primary and secondary injury. These events are mediated by the upregulation of genes with roles in inflammation, transcription, and signaling proteins. In particular, cytokines and growth factors are signaling proteins that have important roles in the pathophysiology of SCI. The balance between the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of these molecules plays a critical role in the progression and outcome of the lesion. The excessive inflammatory Th1 and Th17 phenotypes observed after SCI tilt the scale towards a proinflammatory environment, which exacerbates the deleterious mechanisms present after the injury. These mechanisms include the disruption of the spinal cord blood barrier, edema and ion imbalance, in particular intracellular calcium and sodium concentrations, glutamate excitotoxicity, free radicals, and the inflammatory response contributing to the neurodegenerative process which is characterized by demyelination and apoptosis of neuronal tissue.
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Martínez, Yordan, Dairon Más, Cesar Betancur, Kefyalew Gebeyew, Tolulope Adebowale, Tarique Hussain, Wensheng Lan y Xinghua Ding. "Role of the Phytochemical Compounds like Modulators in Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Stress". Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, n.º 22 (5 de julio de 2020): 2642–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200515132218.
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Background: Currently, daily consumption of green herb functional food or medicinal herbs has increased as adopted by many people worldwide as a way of life or even as an alternative to the use of synthetic medicines. Phytochemicals, which are a series of compounds of relatively complex structures and restricted distribution in plants, usually perform the defensive functions for plants against insects, bacteria, fungi or other pathogenic factors. A series of studies have found their effectiveness in the treatment or prevention of systemic diseases such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, Crohn's disease and so on. Objective: This review systematizes the literature on the mechanisms of the phytochemicals that react against unique free radicals and prevent the oxidative stress and also summarizes their role in gut microbiota inhibiting bacterial translocation and damage to the intestinal barrier and improving the intestinal membrane condition. Conclusion: The gut microbiota modulation and antioxidant activities of the phytochemicals shall be emphasized on the research of the active principles of the phytochemicals.
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HUANG, YUNG SHENG, JUNG SHENG HUANG, KUAN WEI LEE y FANG-LING CHANG. "QUANTUM SIZE EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN IMPURITY AT OFF-CENTER DONOR ATOM IN SPHERICAL QUANTUM DOTS". International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, n.º 05 (20 de febrero de 2009): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209052066.
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We obtain the numerical solutions for a single electron energy level of a hydrogen impurity confined inside an off-center donor in a spherical quantum dot. The energy spectrum of single electron impurity for off-center donor atom subject to screened Coulomb's attractive potential barrier well is presented. Using B-spline finite element method, we generate a complete set of wavefunctions within the central unit cell, and through the perturbation theory, the whole energy spectrum of an impurity at low temperature can be explored. We find that the energy splitting and different related magnetic quantum number ml, i.e., (n, l, ml) varies with quantum dot size. This is due to the fact that quantum confinement effect lifts the degeneracy which comes from the Coulomb interaction. On the other hand, the phenomena of energy spectrum splitting under this model is an analogous case, considering that degeneracy of hydrogen energy levels in free space has been lifted by an external magnetic field (Zeeman effect).
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Bates, Charlotte. "Conviviality, disability and design in the city". Sociological Review 66, n.º 5 (19 de abril de 2018): 984–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026118771291.
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Weaving together observations and insights from ethnographic research gathered over two years, this article considers how design and everyday life intertwine to create convivial places, but also pauses to take in the moments when tensions rise and conviviality fails. To illustrate, the article takes as an example the redevelopment of a small urban square in London, designed by landscape architects Gustafson Porter and completed in 2011. Gustafson Porter’s practice is deeply informed by inclusive design, and they strive to design barrier-free environments that ‘promote choice, flexibility of use and enable everyone to participate equally’. Taking in both the material design of the square and the social encounters that happen there, the article considers how inclusion and exclusion operate in a public space like General Gordon Square, and reflects on the challenges of making and maintaining conviviality. It suggests that inclusive design might be imagined as a vision of convivial culture in which we live together with difference.
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Osiński, Marek, Yekaterina I. Brandt, Leisha M. Armijo, Michael Kopciuch, Nathan J. Withers, Nathaniel C. Cook, Natalie L. Adolphi, Gennady A. Smolyakov y Hugh D. C. Smyth. "Efficacy of Tobramycin Conjugated to Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Treating Cystic Fibrosis Infections". MRS Proceedings 1617 (2013): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1175.
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ABSTRACTCystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited childhood-onset life-shortening disease. It is characterized by increased respiratory production, leading to airway obstruction, chronic lung infection and inflammatory reactions. The most common bacteria causing persisting infections in people with CF isPseudomonas aeruginosa. Superparamagnetic Fe3O4iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated to the antibiotic (tobramycin), guided by a gradient of the magnetic field or subjected to an oscillating magnetic field, show promise in improving the drug delivery across the mucus andP. aeruginosabiofilm to the bacteria. The question remains whether tobramycin needs to be released from the NPs after the penetration of the mucus barrier in order to act upon the pathogenic bacteria. We used a zero-length 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) crosslinking agent to couple tobramycin, via its amine groups, to the carboxyl groups on Fe3O4NPs capped with citric acid. The therapeutic efficiency of Fe3O4NPs attached to the drug versus that of the free drug was investigated inP. aeruginosaculture.
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Fang, Yongjin, Song Lin Zhang, Zhi-Peng Wu, Deyan Luan y Xiong Wen (David) Lou. "A highly stable lithium metal anode enabled by Ag nanoparticle–embedded nitrogen-doped carbon macroporous fibers". Science Advances 7, n.º 21 (mayo de 2021): eabg3626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg3626.
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Lithium metal has been considered as an ideal anode candidate for future high energy density lithium batteries. Herein, we develop a three-dimensional (3D) hybrid host consisting of Ag nanoparticle–embedded nitrogen-doped carbon macroporous fibers (denoted as Ag@CMFs) with selective nucleation and targeted deposition of Li. The 3D macroporous framework can inhibit the formation of dendritic Li by capturing metallic Li in the matrix as well as reducing local current density, the lithiophilic nitrogen-doped carbons act as homogeneous nucleation sites owing to the small nucleation barrier, and the Ag nanoparticles improve the Li nucleation and growth behavior with the reversible solid solution–based alloying reaction. As a result, the Ag@CMF composite enables a dendrite-free Li plating/stripping behavior with high Coulombic efficiency for more than 500 cycles. When this anode is coupled with a commercial LiFePO4 cathode, the assembled full cell manifests high rate capability and stable cycling life.