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1
Sanders, C. J. Wind-tunnel assays to determine the effect of minor pheromone components on the responses of male spruce budworm. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont: Forestry Canada, Ontario Region, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1990.
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Speculative behavior and the operation of competitive markets under uncertainty. Aldershot, Hants: Avebury, 1994.
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Jaeger, Albert?UNAUTHORIZED. Boom-bust phases in asset prices and fiscal policy behavior. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, European Department, 2004.
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Chen, Xiaohong. Land of addicts?: An empirical investigation of habit-based asset pricing behavior. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.
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Chen, Xiaohong. Land of addicts?: An empirical investigation of habit-based asset pricing behavior. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.
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Shefrin, Hersh. A behavioral approach to asset pricing. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press, 2005.
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A behavioral approach to asset pricing. 2a ed. Amsterdam: Academic Press, 2008.
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Campbell, John Y. By force of habit: A consumption-based explanation of aggregate stock market behavior. Philadelphia: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Economic Research Division, 1994.
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Campbell, John Y. By force of habit: A consumption-based explanation of aggregate stock market behavior. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.
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Levy, Haim. The capital asset pricing model in the 21st century: Analytical, empirical, and behavioral perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
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The capital asset pricing model in the 21st century: Analytical, empirical, and behavioral perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
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Assael. Assael Consumer Behavior Plus Hmco Cases In Consumer Behavior. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004.
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Tasan, Ramon y Nicolas Singewald. Animal Models and Assays Probing Anxiety Related Behaviors and Neural Circuits. Editado por Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar y Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0035.
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Anxiety tests and models in rodents are useful tools to reveal neurochemical, cellular, and molecular underpinnings of normal and pathological anxiety-related behaviors, as well as novel treatment targets. While anxiety models are generated by various approaches such as selective breeding, anxiety tests most commonly involve unconditioned approach avoidance tasks and conditioned learning paradigms, both characterized by inherent advantages and limitations, in particular their predictive value for specific anxiety disorders. To further improve the validity and translatability of preclinical anxiety testing, it is promising that some anxiety-relevant endophenotypes have now been investigated using similar tests in rodents and humans and that the involved neural pathways and mechanisms overlap considerably in both species.
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Carrión, Victor G., John A. Turner y Carl F. Weems. Self-Injurious Behaviors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190201968.003.0006.
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Self-injurious behaviors represent a heterogeneous group of behaviors that affect the individual negatively either in a physiological, physical, and/or emotional manner. Many children who have survived a traumatic event engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) as a diversely expressed, maladaptive coping mechanism that has been associated with a variety of negative outcomes across the lifespan. The current chapter discusses the preclinical literature that informs our understanding of these behaviors, the various instruments used to assess them, and research on adults and children who engage in self-injurious behaviors (SIB). Several theoretical models for the neurological substrates of SIB are compared, suggesting that SIB use several parts of the brain to manage otherwise uncontrollable cascades of negative affect in PTSD. Challenges, such as the stigma surrounding SIB engagement and its strong association with borderline personality disorder, as well as future directions, including potential SIB directed pharmacological interventions, are discussed.
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Nishida, Fumio. Sakkaku no hōsoku: Seikōsha wa nō o assari sonoki ni saseru. 2015.
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A Behavioral Approach to Asset Pricing (Academic Press Advanced Finance Series). Academic Press, 2005.
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Shefrin, Hersh. A Behavioral Approach to Asset Pricing (Academic Press Advanced Finance Series). Academic Press, 2005.
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Byrne, John H., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Invertebrate Neurobiology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190456757.001.0001.
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Invertebrates have proven to be extremely useful models for gaining insights into the neural and molecular mechanisms of sensory processing, motor control, and higher functions, such as feeding behavior, learning and memory, navigation, and social behavior. Their enormous contribution to neuroscience is due, in part, to the relative simplicity of invertebrate nervous systems and, in part, to the large cells found in some invertebrates, like mollusks. Because of the organizms’ cell size, individual neurons can be surgically removed and assayed for expression of membrane channels, levels of second messengers, protein phosphorylation, and RNA and protein synthesis. Moreover, peptides and nucleotides can be injected into individual neurons. Other invertebrate systems such as Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans are ideal models for genetic approaches to the exploration of neuronal function and the neuronal bases of behavior. The Oxford Handbook of Invertebrate Neurobiology reviews neurobiological phenomena, including motor pattern generation, mechanisms of synaptic transmission, and learning and memory, as well as circadian rhythms, development, regeneration, and reproduction. Species-specific behaviors are covered in chapters on the control of swimming in annelids, crustacea, and mollusks; locomotion in hexapods; and camouflage in cephalopods. A unique feature of the handbook is the coverage of social behavior and intentionality in invertebrates. These developments are contextualized in a chapter summarizing past contributions of invertebrate research as well as areas for future studies that will continue to advance the field.
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Hurd, Ian. Authority and International Courts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795582.003.0022.
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This chapter considers efforts to assess the authority of international courts. The framework proposed in this book suggests that court authority can be inferred from the behavior of governments and it imagines an ideal-type authority relation by which subjects acquiesce to courts out of respect for their authority. These two constitute a research program that aims to identify changes in behavior that follow from court authority rather than from the interests of the actors. There is a mismatch between the concept of authority and the methodology of content-independent behavioralism. The behavioral approach severs courts from the political motivations of those who create and use them, and directs research away from questions about the political goals that animate international legalization. A more dialogic approach may be useful, that considers the internal perspective of the actor and explores the purposes of these agents to understand why they do the things they do.
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Ehrlich, Isaac. Economics of Criminal Law. Editado por Francesco Parisi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684250.013.022.
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This chapter discusses the economic approach to crime. By applying the tools of economic analysis and econometric methodology, it serves as a unified approach for understanding illegal behaviour as part of human behaviour in general. It offers new insights about the relative efficiency and desirability of means of crime control and components of the law enforcement system. The economic approach, and the “market model” linking it to the general methodology used by economists to study and interpret the general economy, remains a work in progress, because the data are not available to the degree they are collected and reported in other areas of economic inquiry. It is still too early to assess the degree to which the various econometric studies have produced accurate estimates of critical behavioral relationships underlying variations and conflicting trends of crime. Progress depends on better data and more complete implementations of the comprehensive model of crime.
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Biesecker, Barbara B., Kathryn F. Peters y Robert Resta. Advanced Genetic Counseling. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190626426.001.0001.
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Advanced Genetic Counseling: Theory and Practice addresses educational objectives for second-year genetic counseling students. Building on mastery of genetics principles and baseline clinical skills, this comprehensive textbook begins with the history of the profession as it relates to current practice definitions and goals. Characteristics of clients and counselors that may affect the counseling relationship are presented to guide strategies for achieving positive client outcomes. Throughout the text, a psychotherapeutic counseling approach is advocated. Steps to establishing a therapeutic alliance are outlined and the elements of relational counseling emphasized. The psychological counseling theories presented will help counselors identify interventions to address client needs. Students are encouraged to pursue research to address gaps in evidence needed to guide practice. Health behavior and social psychology theories offer models to assess health perceptions and behaviors. The book concludes with a look toward the future of genetic counseling in the genomics era.
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Dempsey, Michael. Stock Markets, Investments and Corporate Behavior: A Conceptual Framework of Understanding. Imperial College Press, 2015.
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Kleespies, Phillip M., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Behavioral Emergencies and Crises. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Behavioral Emergencies and Crisesincludes the most up-to-date and valuable research on the evaluation and management of arguably the most challenging patients faced by mental health practitioners—that is, individuals who are at high risk of suicide or other-directed violence or of becoming the victims of interpersonal violence. The outcome with such cases can be serious injury or death, and there can be negative consequences for the patient, and also for the patient’s family and friends, for the clinician, and for the clinic or medical center. This book presents a framework for learning the skills to assess and work competently with these patients. The book has sections dealing with such critical incidents in children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. There are sections to aid clinicians with conditions that need to be distinguished from behavioral emergencies; on treating patients or clients who have ongoing chronic risk of harming themselves or others; and on legal and ethical risk management as well as psychological risk management for the clinician in the event of a negative outcome. The book examines interrelated aspects of the major behavioral emergencies; for example, the degree to which interpersonal victimization may lead an individual to later suicidal or violent behavior; or the degree to which suicidal individuals and violent individuals may share certain cognitive characteristics. It also presents a method for reducing the clinician’s stress and acquiring skill in working with high-risk people.
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D’Attoma, John. Explaining Italian Tax Compliance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796817.003.0005.
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It is well known that tax compliance is low in Italy. Many scholars have examined Italian taxpayer behavior, mainly using experiments and surveys. However, little attention has been given to the historical circumstances that have shaped divergent taxpayer behavior in Italy. This chapter uses historical data from Italian unification through the Second Republic to assess the effects of Italy’s major formal institutions (the Church, state, and political parties) and informal institutions (clientelism) on Italian tax behavior. It argues that nineteenth-century unification and Fascism had significant repercussions for the Italian state and how Italians perceive the state. Because of this, Italians lack trust in their government and their fellow citizens, which inhibits a willingness to pay taxes. The implication then is a low-trust/low-compliance equilibrium that becomes increasingly difficult to reverse.
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Wood, Geoffrey, Noel O'Sullivan, Marc Goergen y Marijana Baric. The Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global and the Implications of its Activities for Stakeholders. Editado por Douglas Cumming, Geoffrey Wood, Igor Filatotchev y Juliane Reinecke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754800.013.14.
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The chapter discusses the role and impact of the Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global (NGPFG) (which has some $873 billion of assets), explaining its objectives, its characteristics and also providing some details of the extent of its investments, specifically investments in firm equity. It discusses the NGPFG’s behavior as a shareholder that seeks to influence corporate behavior from within, the high levels of transparency exhibited and the ethical standards expected from the NGPFG and its role in the broader scheme of international politics/relations. The chapter concludes with thoughts for further research on the NGPFG and its activities.
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Jolls, Christine. Bounded Rationality, Behavioral Economics, and the Law. Editado por Francesco Parisi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684267.013.005.
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Behavioural economics has become a leading force in applied economics, including in economic analysis of law. At the heart of behavioural economics is the concept of bounded rationality. Bounded rationality suggests that humans face important limitations in knowledge and decision-making capability. Such limitations have clear importance to both the understanding and the improvement of the legal system. Knowledge limitations present a particularly compelling area for legal analysis. Two case studies of debiasing through law in response to knowledge limitations reveal the potential mechanisms by which law may ease such limitations among boundedly rational actors. In such cases of debiasing through law, empirical evidence plays a pivotal role, as this evidence both identifies the existence of knowledge limitations in the first instance and provides a means by which to assess whether a given legal rule allays such limitations.
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Bergmann, Thomas. Music Therapy for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Editado por Jane Edwards. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639755.013.35.
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Music as a non-verbal form of communication and play addresses the core features of autism, such as social impairments, limited speech, stereotyped behaviors, sensory-perceptual impairments, and emotional dysregulation; thus music-based interventions are well established in therapy and education. Music therapy approaches are underpinned by behavioral, creative, sensory-perceptional, developmental, and educational theory and research. The effectiveness of music therapy in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is reflected by a huge number of studies and case reports; current empirical studies aim to support evidence-based practice. A treatment guide for improvisational music therapy provides unique interventions to foster social skills, emotionality, and flexibility; in developmental approaches, the formation of interpersonal relationships is key. Since ASD is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition, music therapy is also appropriate in the treatment of adults with intellectual disability. Diagnostic approaches using musical-interactional settings to assess ASD symptomatology are promising, especially in non-speakers.
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Figorilli, Michela, Monica Puligheddu y Raffaele Ferri. Scoring guidelines for sleep-related movements. Editado por Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi y Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0010.
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This chapter focuses on available and validated scoring guidelines for sleep-related movements, such as periodic limb movements, alternating legs movements, rhythmic movements, sleep bruxism, sleep myoclonus, and REM behavior disorder. Some scoring methods have recently been updated with the use of computerized and automatic techniques; others are based on old criteria derived from visual analysis of events recorded on paper. Further studies are needed to develop and validate automatic scoring methods and to assess their reliability and usefulness for both research purposes and clinical practice. Moreover, scoring methods and related cut-off values have to be validated, not only against controls, but also in specific populations, such as patients with Parkinson disease and REM behavior disorder.
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Martí Molist, Joan. Assessing Volcanic Hazard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676889.013.32.
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Volcanoes represent complex geological systems capable of generating many dangerous phenomena. To evaluate and manage volcanic risk, we need first to assess volcanic hazard (i.e., identify past volcanic system behavior to infer future behavior. This requires acquisition of all relevant geological and geophysical information, such as stratigraphic studies, geological mapping, sedimentological studies, petrologic studies, and structural studies. All this information is then used to elaborate eruption scenarios and hazard maps. Stratigraphic studies represent the main tool for the reconstruction of past activity of volcanoes over time periods exceeding their historical record. This review presents a systematic approach to volcanic hazard assessment, paying special attention to reconstruction of past eruptive history. It reviews concepts and methods most commonly used in long- and short-term hazard assessment and analyzes how they help address the various serious consequences derived from the occurrence (and nonoccurrence in some crisis alerts) of volcanic eruptions and related phenomena.
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Martí Molist, Joan. Assessing Volcanic Hazard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190699420.013.32.
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Volcanoes represent complex geological systems capable of generating many dangerous phenomena. To evaluate and manage volcanic risk, we need first to assess volcanic hazard (i.e., identify past volcanic system behavior to infer future behavior. This requires acquisition of all relevant geological and geophysical information, such as stratigraphic studies, geological mapping, sedimentological studies, petrologic studies, and structural studies. All this information is then used to elaborate eruption scenarios and hazard maps. Stratigraphic studies represent the main tool for the reconstruction of past activity of volcanoes over time periods exceeding their historical record. This review presents a systematic approach to volcanic hazard assessment, paying special attention to reconstruction of past eruptive history. It reviews concepts and methods most commonly used in long- and short-term hazard assessment and analyzes how they help address the various serious consequences derived from the occurrence (and nonoccurrence in some crisis alerts) of volcanic eruptions and related phenomena.
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Carpini, Joseph A. y Sharon K. Parker. The Bigger Picture: How Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Fit Within a Broader Conceptualization of Work Performance. Editado por Philip M. Podsakoff, Scott B. Mackenzie y Nathan P. Podsakoff. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219000.013.3.
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Scholars have identified numerous forms of individual work performance, including core task, adaptive, proactive, and citizenship. Although the diversity of performance constructs has contributed to breadth, it has also resulted in a fragmented literature that, at times, operates in theoretical silos. As such, the overarching purpose of this chapter is to consider how organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) constructs relate to, and can fit within, broader models of individual work performance. We begin with a brief history of work performance concepts and review five integrative models of individual performance, culminating with the presentation of the Griffin, Neal, and Parker (2007) model. We use the latter to assess systematically whether and how OCB concepts relate to other performance concepts. We highlight constructs that fit readily within the Griffin et al. framework, in addition to constructs that do not. We conclude with five recommendations.
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Matusiewicz, Alexis K., Brady Reynolds y Carl W. Lejuez. Assessment Instruments for Impulsivity and Impulse Control Disorders. Editado por Jon E. Grant y Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0141.
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This chapter provides a review of measures used to assess the impulse control disorders (ICDs) included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., DSM-IV) and those proposed for DSM-V, as well as measures used to assess the related psychological construct of impulsivity implicated in the development and maintenance of ICDs. We first present instruments used to assess ICDs including diagnostic interviews, as well as self-report and clinician-rated measures of symptom severity. Second, we present self-report and behavioral measures of impulsivity. The review includes theoretical rationales, procedural details, and empirical evidence, including detailed psychometric data for each measure to provide a comprehensive guide to the assessment of ICDs and the construct of impulsivity.
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Duplouy, Alain. Citizenship as Performance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817192.003.0010.
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Looking for a definition of archaic citizenship that will be elaborated on positive evidence, and not reduced to the idea of an ‘incomplete’ status roughly enshrined in emerging legal criteria, the chapter proposes to assess archaic citizenship as a performance embodied in individual and collective behaviours. In a world rooted in social mobility, the privileges and opportunities of a citizen had to be permanently demonstrated in order to be acknowledged and accepted by other members of the community. Across the Greek world there were multiple behaviours deeply embedded in social practices through which citizenship could be asserted or even claimed. Adopting the normative behaviours of the citizens in all aspects of one’s lifestyle provided the best means of being acknowledged as a fellow citizen. Two specific sets of citizen behaviours are discussed, horse-breeding and luxury practices, eventually stressing how citizens could often be defined as elites.
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Birks, Daniel. Simulating Crime Event Decision Making. Editado por Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder y Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.27.
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Crime is the result of numerous interconnected and interdependent crime event decisions made by potential offenders, victims, and crime preventers. The majority of these decisions go unobserved, and the situations within which they take place are difficult to control in support of traditional experimental studies. For these reasons, it can be difficult to identify causal links between individual behavior and observable crime phenomena and, in turn, to assess the veracity of proposed crime event decision calculi. This chapter discusses the use of agent-based modeling (ABM), and particularly agent-based social simulation (ABSS), in studying such crime event decision calculi. It outlines how ABM can be used to construct formal models of crime event actors, the decisions they make, and the interactions that occur among them. Subsequently, it proposes that ABSS provide unique means to formally assess the explanatory capacity of proposed crime event decision calculi in explaining observable characteristics of crime.
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Reilly, Catherine y Alistair Byrne. Investing for Retirement in a Low Returns Environment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827443.003.0005.
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Low returns on financial assets and increasing longevity mean saving for retirement is becoming more challenging than it has been in the past. Generations retiring in the near term face increased longevity but have lived through periods with strong market returns boosting their assets, and many also have defined benefit plan entitlements. Younger generations, who also face increasing longevity, are unlikely to earn historical investment returns on their retirement portfolios, and few have traditional pensions. We model the likely outcomes for different cohorts under scenarios for savings behavior, investment returns, and longevity. While younger generations do face substantial challenges, we show that plausible courses of action involve increased contributions and delayed or partial retirement, which can provide reasonable income replacement rates in retirement. We map out the steps that the retirement industry (government, employers, and financial services providers) must take to support people in following these courses of action, such as providing more flexibility over social security.
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Hitt, Michael A., Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley y Douglas Michael Wright, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Strategy Implementation. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190650230.001.0001.
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Selecting the best strategy is important if a firm is to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage, but many strategies fail not because they are improperly formulated but because they are poorly implemented. Strategy implementation is among the most important and most challenging issues with which top executives must deal, and effective implementation can help firms achieve high performance. Therefore, a greater understanding of the critical dimensions of strategy implementation is needed. This handbook is designed to provide a deeper understanding of topics important for the implementation of strategy. There are three major sections of the book: resources and governance, managing human capital, and accounting control systems. Resources must be acquired, developed, and configured to create the capabilities needed for implementing a firm’s strategy. However, because of the dynamic competitive landscapes in which most firms operate, strategies frequently change. Corporate governance not only guides the formulation of appropriate strategies but also ensures that proper implementation actions are taken. Because the most important resource for implementing strategy is human capital, the firm must engage in highly effective human resource management practices that attract, motivate, develop, and retain the highest quality human talent available. As a result, effective workforce management at all levels in the organization is essential to successful strategy implementation. Managing assets and controlling managerial behavior are critical to strategy implementation: assets can be managed and managerial behavior controlled using accounting-based data. The careful design of such systems promotes innovation and creative activity and identifies earnings, thereby promoting positive managerial actions to achieve desired financial outcomes.
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Christopher, Evans J., Brigitte L. Kieffer, David Jentsch y Rafael J. Maldonado. Animal Models of Addiction. Editado por Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar y Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0043.
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Drug addiction, now officially diagnosed as substance use disorder (SUD), is a chronic brain syndrome characterized by the compulsive use of drugs, loss of control over drug taking in spite of its adverse consequences, and relapse even after long periods of drug abstinence. Animal models have played a critical role in our understanding of the molecules, circuits, and behaviors associated with substance use disorders. This chapter reviews animal models that have been widely used to assess all stages of the addiction cycle: from drug initiation, through drug seeking, to withdrawal and relapse. We discuss the power of genetics, especially in generating rodent models for the discovery of essential proteins and pathways regulating behaviors exhibited during the different stages of the addiction cycle. Preclinical research in animal models will undoubtedly continue to reveal therapeutic strategies for substance use disorders.
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Willer, Jan. Could it be Adult ADHD? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190256319.001.0001.
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One out of every 10 adult psychotherapy clients—or more—probably has attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). When psychotherapists miss the ADHD, treatment is frustrating and less effective. This book is for the general mental health professional who wishes to learn how to recognize, assess, and treat adult ADHD. Adults with ADHD are very different, developmentally and symptomatically, from children. ADHD affects adults of all races, gender identities, and backgrounds, and obvious hyperactivity is rarely part of the adult clinical picture. This book provides a full description of adult ADHD symptoms, based on the most current research, including executive functioning problems, emotional dysregulation, atypical reward sensitivity, and problems with time perception. Complete guidance to recognizing adult ADHD is provided, including behavior displayed during psychotherapy, developmental issues, educational challenges, and adaptive functioning problems. Depression, anxiety, self-image issues, and substance abuse are addressed, since these mental health problems are commonly associated with adult ADHD. Guidance is provided to help the mental health practitioner provide psychoeducation about cognitive differences in ADHD, which is essential for client self-acceptance and adaptive functioning. Common psychotherapy problems with ADHD clients are addressed, including chronic lateness to sessions, missed appointments, motivation problems, difficulties with homework, and tangentiality. The principles of cognitive-behavioral treatment of ADHD are provided, along with case examples to illustrate the implementation of these techniques. An overview of medications for ADHD is provided, including their benefits, contraindications, and side effects. Nontraditional treatments are reviewed for their effectiveness.
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Nyquist Potter, Nancy. The Virtue of Defiance and Psychiatric Engagement. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199663866.001.0001.
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The Virtue of Defiance and Psychiatric Engagement argues that defiance sometimes is a virtue even for those with mental illnesses. It also argues that defiance is sometimes mistaken as a sign of mental disorder when it may have other, reasonable explanations. This book offers a nuanced and complex look at defiance, taking seriously issues of mental disorders while also attending to social contexts in which defiant behavior may arise. Arguments are presented for how to understand defiance as different from noncompliance, resistance, and other related concepts, and how defiance is related to living a life with a realistic understanding of a flourishing life and its limits in our everyday world. A framework for differentiating different forms of defiance is offered, and a realistic picture of phronesis—practical reasoning—is presented that makes room for clinicians as well as patients to assess the degree to which defiance is reasonable. The concept of intersectionality as it relates to child development is worked through to highlight some of the challenges clinicians face when interpreting defiant behavior. Particular attention is given to issues of race and gender as factors that need to be considered when evaluating defiant behavior as reasonable, virtuous, bad, or symptomatic. Practical applications for psychiatric engagement are threaded throughout this book through case studies and personal narratives. The virtue of giving uptake is introduced to assist psychiatrists in being responsible and ethical knowers when working with people who are or seem to be defiant.
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Crerar, Belinda. Deviancy in Late Romano-British Burial. Editado por Martin Millett, Louise Revell y Alison Moore. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697731.013.023.
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Studying the various ways in which Romano-British society disposed of its dead can reveal important information about attitudes towards and the treatment of certain social groups. The particular issue addressed here is, how can we study the treatment of those who contravened acceptable norms of social behaviour? Who were these people and did their behaviour in life affect their burial after death? Certain minority rites are almost invariably put forward as evidence for the treatment of socially stigmatized persons. This chapter aims to assess the evidence for social marginality in Roman Britain through a critique of traditional academic approaches and the evidence commonly used in analysis. Certain shortcomings are identified and a new methodology is proposed that brings us closer to appreciating the role of these minority rites and their implications for understanding the social identity of the persons to whom they were applied.
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Christenson, Gary A. H. The Assessment and Treatment of Trichotillomania. Editado por Jon E. Grant y Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0095.
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The successful treatment of trichotillomania necessitates an initial clinical evaluation of the cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and situational characteristics contributing to an individual’s hair pulling. Assessment also requires a comprehensive psychological/psychiatric interview to assess for comorbid illness, which may either contribute to hair pulling or require separate attention. Several instruments have been designed to assist in quantifying the core symptoms of trichotillomania and can be useful for monitoring treatment progress over time. Treatment approaches include medication, hypnosis, and behavioral therapies, especially modifications of habit reversal therapy. Controlled studies are few in number and are limited to only a few behavioral treatment approaches and medication classes. Research suggests that variations of habit reversal therapy have the greatest efficacy of the interventions investigated thus far. There is additional support for treatment with clomipramine, N-acetylcysteine, and olanzapine, in contrast to multiple other drugs that have been studied or suggested as useful for trichotillomania.
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Fagan, Abigail A., J. David Hawkins, David P. Farrington y Richard F. Catalano. Communities that Care. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190299217.001.0001.
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Evidence-based, prevention-oriented, and community-driven approaches are advocated to improve public health and reduce youth behavior problems, but there are few effective models for doing so. This book advances knowledge about this topic by describing the conditions and actions necessary for effective community-based prevention. The chapters review the ways in which communities can promote readiness to engage in prevention among local stakeholders; build and maintain diverse, well-functioning prevention coalitions; conduct local needs and resource assessments; collectively decide on prevention priorities; select evidence-based interventions that are a good fit with prioritized community needs, resources, and context; and implement evidence-based interventions (EBIs) with fidelity and sustain them over time. The Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system is described in detail to illustrate effective community-based prevention. CTC is a coalition-based prevention system shown to promote healthy youth development and reduce youth behavior problems community wide. It does so by assisting communities to: (1) increase awareness of and support for EBIs; (2) encourage positive interactions between community residents and youth; (3) conduct local needs assessments and collectively decide on priorities to target with EBIs; (4) implement EBIs that are matched to prioritized needs; and (5) ensure that EBIs are coordinated across community organizations, implemented with fidelity, widely disseminated, and evaluated. The book describes the development and evaluation of the CTC system, including how its developers used community-based participatory research to ensure that CTC could be feasibly implemented and employed rigorous research methods to assess the degree to which use of the system reduced adolescent behavior problems.
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Chaisty, Paul, Nic Cheeseman y Timothy J. Power. Partisan Powers and Coalition Management. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817208.003.0007.
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This chapter examines how presidents manage coalitions by wielding control over the behaviour of their co-partisans. It presents examples of presidents in Armenia, Ecuador, and Malawi who failed to deploy this tool effectively, and discusses the significant costs that they incurred. It also discusses the system-level (electoral system, party organization), coalition-level (size of the president’s party, heterogeneity of the coalition), and conjunctural factors (crisis, policy success, time) that have shaped the relative costs that presidents face when they deploy partisan powers. It analyses data on party defections to assess the consequences of weak partisan powers, and it explores examples of effective and ineffective partisan tool deployment in Brazil, Ukraine, and Malawi. Finally, it uses data from surveys of MPs to assess the relative significance of partisan power, and explores the differences in the ways that presidents deploy partisan powers across the nine country cases.
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Evans, Dwight L., Edna B. Foa, Raquel E. Gur, Herbert Hendin, Charles P. O'Brien, Daniel Romer, Martin E. P. Seligman y B. Timothy Walsh, eds. Treating and Preventing Adolescent Mental Health Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780199928163.001.0001.
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Sponsored by the Adolescent Mental Health Initiative of the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) of the University of Pennsylvania and the Sunnylands Trust, this book provides a major update since the first edition in 2006. It addresses the state of our knowledge about mental health disorders in the teenage years, a developmental period when behavior and the brain are still “plastic.” Here, six commissions established by the APPC and the Sunnylands Trust pool their expertise on adolescent anxiety, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, depression and bipolar disorders, eating disorders, and suicide in sections that define each disorder, outline and assess treatments, discuss prevention strategies, and suggest a research agenda based on what we know and don’t know about these conditions. Two additional behavioral disorders—gambling and Internet addiction—are covered in this edition. As a counterpoint to its primary focus on mental illness, the volume also incorporates the latest research from a seventh commission—on positive youth development—which addresses how we can fully prepare young people to be happy and successful throughout their lives. Concluding chapters discuss other relevant issues: the stigma of mental illness and the research, policy, and practice context for the delivery of evidence-based treatments. Integrating the work of scholars in both psychology and psychiatry, this work will be an essential volume for academics and practicing clinicians and will serve as a wake-up call to mental health professionals and policymakers alike about the state of our nation's response to the needs of adolescents with mental disorders.
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Talbert, Matthew y Jessica Wolfendale. Excusing Perpetrators. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190675875.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 turns to the issue of perpetrators’ moral responsibility. We consider various arguments for the conclusion that perpetrators have access to excuses allowing them to avoid moral blame for their actions. For example, some philosophers have argued that, as a result of situational pressures, it is often unreasonable to expect military personnel to accurately assess the moral status of their behavior and so it is often unfair to blame perpetrators for their wrongdoing. Concerns about moral luck might also suggest that perpetrators are not open to moral blame: if it is a matter of bad luck that military personnel are exposed to pressures that lead them to act as they do, then perhaps it is unfair to blame them for their actions.
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Woods, Stephen A. Job Performance Measurement: The Elusive Relationship Between Job Performance and Job Satisfaction. Editado por Susan Cartwright y Cary L. Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199234738.003.0014.
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This article reviews recent literature on job performance measurement to examine advances in theories of job performance measurement, and their implications for the practice of job performance assessment. It also considers the antecedents of job performance and, in particular, revisits the issue of whether happy, satisfied workers are also productive workers. The focus in the article is on measuring the job performance of individuals and teams, which most commonly involves the use of surveys or rating forms to assess and evaluate employee behavior or job competencies. Subjective ratings may be provided by supervisors, peers, subordinates, or clients and customers. Performance measurement may also make use of data from archival records (such as productivity or absence data), often referred to as objective data.
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Bucy, Erik P. y Patrick Stewart. The Personalization of Campaigns: Nonverbal Cues in Presidential Debates. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.52.
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Nonverbal cues are important elements of persuasive communication whose influence in political debates are receiving renewed attention. Recent advances in political debate research have been driven by biologically grounded explanations of behavior that draw on evolutionary theory and view televised debates as contests for social dominance. The application of biobehavioral coding to televised presidential debates opens new vistas for investigating this time-honored campaign tradition by introducing a systematic and readily replicated analytical framework for documenting the unspoken signals that are a continuous feature of competitive candidate encounters. As research utilizing biobehavioral measures of presidential debates and other political communication progresses, studies are becoming increasingly characterized by the use of multiple methodologies and merging of disparate data into combined systems of coding that support predictive modeling.Key elements of nonverbal persuasion include candidate appearance, communication style and behavior, as well as gender dynamics that regulate candidate interactions. Together, the use of facial expressions, voice tone, and bodily gestures form uniquely identifiable display repertoires that candidates perform within televised debate settings. Also at play are social and political norms that govern candidate encounters. From an evaluative standpoint, the visual equivalent of a verbal gaffe is the commission of a nonverbal expectancy violation, which draws viewer attention and interferes with information intake. Through second screens, viewers are able to register their reactions to candidate behavior in real time, and merging biobehavioral and social media approaches to debate effects is showing how such activity can be used as an outcome measure to assess the efficacy of candidate nonverbal communication during televised presidential debates.Methodological approaches employed to investigate nonverbal cues in presidential debates have expanded well beyond the time-honored technique of content analysis to include lab experiments, focus groups, continuous response measurement, eye tracking, vocalic analysis, biobehavioral coding, and use of the Facial Action Coding System to document the muscle movements that comprise leader expressions. Given the tradeoffs and myriad considerations involved in analyzing nonverbal cues, critical issues in measurement and methodology must be addressed when conducting research in this evolving area. With automated coding of nonverbal behavior just around the corner, future research should be designed to take advantage of the growing number of methodological advances in this rapidly evolving area of political communication research.
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Gallagher-Thompson, Dolores y Larry W. Thompson. Treating Late Life Depression. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780195383690.001.0001.
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This therapist guide is designed to give mental health professionals the necessary tools to assess and treat depression, with or without accompanying anxiety, in the elderly. Designed specifically for use with older adults, the three-phase cognitive—behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment described generally is delivered over the course of 16–20 sessions. Phase I provides an introduction to therapy, Phase II helps the client acquire the cognitive and behavioral skills needed to meet the therapy goals, and Phase III deals with termination and how to maintain the gains obtained in therapy. Step-by-step instructions for administering therapy are provided in a user-friendly format, along with information on screening and assessment. Complete with sample dialogues, at-home assignments, and lists of materials needed, this comprehensive guide includes all the tools necessary for facilitating effective treatment.
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Dorfan, Nicole M. y Sheila R. Woody. Assessing OCD Symptoms and Severity. Editado por Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0051.
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This chapter describes methods and tools for assessing obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The chapter outlines the purposes of assessment and discusses special challenges presented by OCD, such as shame associated with socially unacceptable obsessional content. Several types of assessment tools are discussed, including structured diagnostic interviews, semistructured clinician interviews to assess OCD symptom profile and severity, self-report instruments, behavioral assessment and self-monitoring, assessment of appraisals and beliefs relevant to OCD, and functional impairment. The importance of linking assessment findings to an evidence-based treatment plan is discussed.
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Zgoba, Kristen M. The aftermath of sex offender registration and other controls. Editado por Teela Sanders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213633.013.20.
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This essay begins with a review of public reaction to sexual offenses and the rise in social awareness that sex offenses have promoted. Statistics exploring the prevalence of sexual abuse in the United States and the United Kingdom will be given. As a result of a number of widely publicized sexual abuse cases (particularly child sexual abuse cases), a variety of laws applied to sexual offenders have been enacted from 1990 to 2010. Although different, these policies tend to center around four common themes: sex offender registration and notification, civil commitment, residency restrictions, and risk assessment. The essay examines these legislative efforts to assess their effectiveness at reducing sexually offensive behaviors and discusses the controversies surrounding such legislation.