Tesis: "Behaviour law"

1

Sheboub, Abdelmagid. "The victim's behaviour in tort law". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514217.

Texto completo

Resumen

This thesis deals with the behaviour of the victim in tort law from three major perspectives: contributory negligence, duty to mitigate and consent. For this purpose three important questions are tackled: (1) How is the victim ensured fair compensation for the damage he has suffered? (2) Does the victim deserve full damages in all situations, or can it be reduced if he has contributed to his loss or injury? (3) Does the victim always have the right to be compensated? Contributory negligence is surveyed over several chapters that cover the rules governing each area. Chapter 1 examines the 1945 Act and the law of negligence. Chapter 2 investigates whether the Act can be applied when the damage to the victim is caused intentionally. Chapter 3 explores the application of the 1945 Act under the rules of strict liability. Chapter 4 looks at the 1945 Act and the law of contract. Chapter 5 discusses the concept of the duty to mitigate; its meaning, its aims, its legal basis, its principal conditions for application and the extent to which compensation may be affected by failure to mitigate. Chapter 6 deals with the definition, function and requirements of consent and volenti non fit injuria comparing it with other available defences, and the tendency to restrict the defence of consent. The study concentrates on medical treatment cases, where consent plays a key role in determining whether or not there is battery, negligence or false imprisonment. However, other situations, including criminal cases, are also examined. Chapter 7 summarises the research and provides the final conclusions arrived at in this thesis.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

Whittle, Stephen Thomas. "Transsexuals and the law". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260902.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

McRae-Spencer, Margaret Jillian Murray. "Product liability and producer's behaviour". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385721.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

Hasslinger, Anders, Selma Hodzic y Claudio Opazo. "Consumer Behaviour in Online Shopping". Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Health and Society, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-4715.

Texto completo

Resumen

The Internet has developed into a new distribution channel and online

transactions are rapidly increasing. This has created a need to understand how

the consumer perceives online purchases.

The purpose of this dissertation was to examine if there are any particular

factors that influence the online consumer. Primary data was collected through

a survey that was conducted on students at the University of Kristianstad.

Price, Trust and Convenience were identified as important factors. Price was

considered to be the most important factor for a majority of the students.

Furthermore, three segments were identified, High Spenders, Price Easers and

Bargain Seekers. Through these segments we found a variation of the different

factors importance and established implications for online book stores.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

Sato, Takanori. "Power-law creep behaviour in magnesium and its alloys". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1576.

Texto completo

Resumen

Creep is a time-dependent deformation of materials under stress at elevated temperatures. The phenomenon of creep allows materials to plastically deform gradually over time, even at stress levels below its yield point or below its transformation temperature. The issues involving creep are especially significant for magnesium alloys, since they are susceptible to creep deformation from temperatures as low as 100 ºC, which inhibits their potential application in areas such as automotive engines. The University of Canterbury has developed a significant level of experience and infrastructure in the field of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). EBSD allows microstructures to be characterized by imaging the crystal structure and its crystallographic orientation at a given point on a specimen surface, whereby the process can be automated to construct a crystallographic “orientation map” of a specimen surface. In light of this, the creep of magnesium and its alloys was studied using a novel technique, in which a conventional tensile creep test was interrupted at periodic intervals, and the EBSD was used to acquire the crystallographic orientation maps repeatedly on a same surface location at each interruption stages. This technique allows simultaneous measurement of the rate of creep deformation and the evolution of the specimen microstructure at various stages of creep, bringing further insight into the deformation mechanisms involved. This thesis summarizes the study of the microstructural and crystallographic texture evolution during creep of pure magnesium and a creep resistant magnesium alloy Mg- 8.5Al-1Ca-0.3Sr. Pure magnesium exhibit a conventional “power-law” type creep, and although its creep properties are well established in the past literatures, there has been little in terms of reconciliation between the observed creep rates and the underlying deformation mechanisms. The alloy Mg-8.5Al-1Ca-0.3Sr, on the other hand, is a modern die casting alloy used in the automotive industry for engine and gearbox applications, and despite its superior creep resistance, little is known about the microstructural contributions to its creep properties. This research was conducted to provide a link between the creep properties, observed microstructures, and theories of creep deformation by the use of advanced microscopy techniques. For the first time, the detailed, sequential microstructural development of magnesium and its alloys during creep has been revealed.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Yemisi, Olorunfemi Doreen. "The information behaviour of law students in Nigerian universities". Thesis, University of Zululand, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1418.

Texto completo

Resumen

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Library and Information Science) in the Department of Information Studies at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2014
Information seeking skills are important for students who are preparing to embark on information intensive professions such as the legal profession. Despite law libraries being available in all the Nigerian universities offering law as an undergraduate programme, law students generally do not seem interested in making optimal use of the available facilities and sources to find relevant information for their studies and to prepare them for their chosen career. Though many information behaviour studies relating to students do exist it is important to establish how and why students, especially those who have to rely on information to perform their duties as legal practitioners, seek for information and how they use the available information facilities and services to satisfy their information needs. The specific objectives of this study were to: investigate the information behaviour of law students in Nigerian university law libraries, determine the purposes for which law students retrieve information in Nigerian university law libraries, investigate the library information resources available to law students in Nigerian university law libraries, examine how law students utilise information resources in university law libraries, specifically ICT resources, determine the challenges faced by law students in the use of law library electronic resources and other law sources in the process of information retrieval in Nigerian university law libraries, provide recommendations for improving law library systems in Nigerian universities and to develop a theoretical model that suits the information seeking behaviour of law students in Nigerian university law libraries. The research paradigm followed a positivism and interpretive perspective using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study adopted a survey research design. The study targeted all the law students in Nigerian universities. Out of the 30 universities offering law as a course of study in Nigeria, a total of 12 universities were chosen for the study namely: Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma; Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti; Imo State University, Owerri; Kogi State University, Anyigba; Nasarawa State University, Keffi; Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye; Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife; University of Benin, Benin; University of Calabar, Calabar; University of Ibadan, Ibadan; University of Ilorin, Ilorin: and University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus. From the 12 chosen universities, 1,534 law students were randomly selected; this represents the sample for the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire, an interview and observation methods. The findings revealed that the surveyed law students generally exhibited a positive attitude towards patronage of law libraries, and that printed information sources are the main information sources utilised by respondents in law libraries. Digital libraries found in the law libraries were found not to be optimally used. Reasons given were the unavailability and inaccessibility of computers and the lack of Internet connectivity. The majority of the respondents indicated that they possessed the ICT skills required to search for information using electronic information resources in the law libraries. The Internet facilities provided in the law library where only used by 33% of the respondents when it was necessary to find academic related information. An ability test showed that only 47% of the respondents tested had the Internet skills to effectively retrieve applicable information sources/databases on the Internet. It was revealed that access to ICT facilities in the law libraries was poor, and the existing electronic libraries and other sources like the Internet and law databases were underutilised by the surveyed law students for a variety of reasons, such as a lack of access to the electronic law libraries, lack of ICT resources, or the fact that the existing ICT sources were not intended for law students’ use. Observations showed that only three law libraries provided access to law databases out of the twelve law libraries. Other challenges identified concerning the use of the law libraries included: erratic power supply; Internet connectivity problems; slow downloading speed; non-subscription to law databases; lack of qualified staff to manage and maintain the electronic law libraries; inadequate amount of computers for student utilisation; unhelpful library staff; and inadequate funding to provide quality ICT resources in the universities’ law libraries. The study recommended that law students should be allowed access to all law library resources and be provided with current and relevant library sources, electronic sources and ICT equipment that will encourage them to frequent the law libraries and use its information resources. Additionally, the libraries need adequate support and enough funds to facilitate the purchase of current legal material; upgrade ICT equipment; subscribe to legal databases; upgrade Internet connectivity; and improve their power supply. The study also recommended that library sources (print and electronic) should be aggressively advertised to attract students’ attention and more library orientation and ICT training courses should be provided..
Nigerian Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND)

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Law, Colleen Ashleigh. "Emotional intelligence, sense of coherence and coping behaviour / C.A. Law". Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2400.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

Clare, Emma. "Men, society and crime : an exploration of maleness and offending behaviour". Thesis, University of Hull, 1998. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3695.

Texto completo

Resumen

This thesis is the culmination of years of wondering why we ask people to 'be' certain things. One of the first things you notice about people is their keenness to be able to categorise things, so quickly human beings become men and women, criminal or non-criminal, healthy or sick. To deal with the world around us we reduce the infinite to a schema and then judge the infinite within that schema. We often forget that that 'the way things are' are not necessarily normal or natural. We come to expect men and women to act, behave and feel in certain ways rarely questioning the necessity of these expectations or the possible damage such expectations may create for the individuals required to 'fit' them. Studies of 'female' criminality and imprisonment highlighted the effects that socialisation into appropriate female gender roles has on the lives of women. If one starts from the premise that there are no major inherent differences between men and women, that is you view them as people first, this finding raises the question what impact does the socialisation of men into appropriate male gender roles have on men? This thesis attempts to explore the impact of socialisation of men into appropriate gender roles and what role, if any, their involvement in crime might play in men's attempts to 'be men'.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

Brown, Rebecca. "The ethics of using financial incentives to encourage healthy behaviour". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8395.

Texto completo

Resumen

Efforts to encourage healthy behaviour often fail to bring about sustained changes in people’s lifestyles. New approaches to tackling chronic disease include the use of financial incentives: rewards paid to individuals conditional upon their achieving some pre-specified target, such as losing weight or quitting smoking. Incentives may provide an extra motivation to adopt healthy lifestyles, and structure behaviour change efforts in ways more conducive to success. Health incentives have, however, provoked controversy, attracting accusations of ‘bribing people to be healthy,’ ‘rewarding bad behaviour,’ and ‘wasting taxpayers’ money.’ It remains unclear how viable health incentives could be as a tool for health promotion; but, even if effective, their contentious nature may still give reason for hesitancy. Here, I explore whether such ethical concerns present us with convincing reasons not to use health incentives. I begin by looking at the nature of the criticisms of incentives in the media, and grouping these arguments into more general themes for discussion. I then proceed to consider each of these in turn, beginning first with debates about the requirements for the state to act efficiently without overstepping its legitimate sphere of influence. I then move on to concerns relating to the potential for incentives to undermine liberty and autonomy. Next, I discuss whether health incentives are unjust insofar as they are undeserved, and how this relates to agent freedom and responsibility for adopting healthy lifestyles. Finally, I consider the worry that using money as a healthcare intervention could corrupt certain values that we care about. In concluding, I seek to give an overall idea as to the ethical permissibility of health incentives, and identify some key features that are likely to render incentives more or less acceptable as a means of improving health.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

10

Hansson, Emelie, Karin Hovstadius y Pernilla Österlindh. "Mobility in the Sound Region - An Empirical Study of Rational Behaviour". Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Business Administration, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3157.

Texto completo

Resumen

Investigations indicate that there is an economic gain in being mobile in the Sound Region. The economic theory assumes that people are utility maximizers and should, in this case, be more mobile. The purpose of this dissertation is therefore to investigate the reasons for the immobility in the Sound Region and try to explain them with existing rationality theories. An empirical study is carried out in both Sweden and Denmark in order to reveal people’s reasoning about moving and commuting. Further the rationality theories are applied to the situation in the Sound Region and a model is constructed. At last it is concluded that the neo-classical theory fails to explain peoples’ behaviour while the three other theories can partly explain peoples’ behaviour and the reasons for mobility.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

11

Giesecke, Christian. "Unruly passengers and passenger rights : a legal perspective on handling unruly behaviour taking into account the rights of passengers". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32800.

Texto completo

Resumen

Chapter 1 of this thesis will describe the problem of unruly passengers and try to outline and explain some of the possible reasons for this phenomenon. Afterwards, the existing legal system will be analysed and scrutinized for its effectiveness. Currently, the system to prosecute unruly passengers does not govern the problem to its whole extent so that many offences, especially minor ones, generally stay unpunished. In addition, it contains several loopholes and States do not provide sufficient law enforcement. This is partly due to insufficient rules of jurisdiction since powers of jurisdiction and prosecution can be allocated to several States. After this analysis, with reference to the ICAO proposal on how to solve the problem, suggestions will be made for the improvement of the existing system in order to govern the problem as a whole. Finally, the question of how to implement such improvements will be addressed.
Chapter 2 will deal with passenger rights that are applicable to the problem of unruly passengers. Therefore, the rights of fellow passengers in terms of civil liability of the airline and of an unruly passenger will be outlined. Next, the rights of an unruly passenger himself in cases of mistreatment and blacklisting will be addressed. Although the unruly passenger breaks the law he possesses rights, which must be respected under the rule of law. Finally, a connection between this phenomenon and the "passenger-rights movement" will be drawn.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

12

Suarez, Jorge Ramiro Perez. "We are cyborgs : developing a theoretical model for understanding criminal behaviour on the Internet". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/28324/.

Texto completo

Resumen

Technology has supposed a profound paradigm shift in human evolution, following Haraway’s cyborg metaphor we have forged a profound psycho-social rapport machines. This connectivity has also brought changes in crime patterns and fostered the development of cybercrime. From a criminological perspective, this work aims to explore the role of Per-Olof Wikströms Situational Action Theory in explaining cybercrime by including Syke and Matza’s neutralisation techniques in its formulation. The SAT-RI (SAT- Revised for the Internet) takes into consideration the interaction between cyber-crime propensity (based essentially in moral perceptions), the internet, neutralisation techniques (cognitive scripts used as protection against blame) and self-control. The theory was tested by using a mixed methods design that includes an online survey (N=709) and case studies (N=20) stemming from interviews with law enforcement agents. Once the data was analysed, it was demonstrated that individuals with low self-control tend to have higher cybercrime propensity and are more prone to justify their acts by using adequate neutralisations. In addition, there are differences in the perceptions of cybercriminals by law enforcement agents depending on whether they are fraudsters, child sex abusers, sex abusers or hackers. The resulting theory can be useful in terms of prevention, as it can help design programmes that focus on the different stages of the cybercrime process (self-control, propensity or neutralisation). Also, the thesis calls for a more anthropological conception of cybercriminology called cyborg criminology.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

13

Cawson, Patricia. "Adolescents committed to care following difficult behaviour : a comparison of social workers' judgments concerning Black and White children". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1989. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847293/.

Texto completo

Resumen

The purpose of the research was to explore the theoretical models which social workers applied to the understanding of adolescents coming before the juvenile court for troublesome behaviour; and to ascertain whether different models were applied to the behaviour or family situation of black and white adolescents. The study examined the use of models derived from psychology and sociology, and considered the influence of moral values and cultural stereotypes, both within the previous research tradition in this subject, and as possible underpinning to the social workers' use of theory. A sample was drawn of 93 adolescents committed to care in London under Section 1(2)(c-f) or 7(7) of the 1969 Children and Young Persons Act. Data was taken from social work reports on the children's behaviour and family background. Analysis focussed in detail on those adolescents who had been committed to care within 18 months of referral to the social services department, and from this group a sample of 22 matched pairs of black and white children (44 children) was selected for detailed content analysis of the social workers' reports to the court. The research attempted to develop grounded theory to aid the sociological understanding of the substantive problem, and refine the understanding of three relevant sociological models: the marginal position of black social work clients in a white-dominated professional culture; the stigmatisation of social work clients, especially those from ethnic minorities; and the use of social work as a means of social control. Results suggest that social workers' use of theory is more complex than previously thought, with differential strategic use of psychology and sociology in open court and confidential file reports, and when dealing with particularly sensitive subjects such as race. Social workers developed a form of composite theorising which blended sociology and psychology in a coherent whole to meet the complexity of an observed situation. This reflects the impossibility of seeking a whole explanation within any single, pre-paradigmatic discipline. Doubts were also cast on the usefulness of sociological models of marginality, which could not be demonstrated by systematic analysis, as distinct from the use of selective examples. The use of stigmatising mechanisms could be demonstrated. The issue of social control emerged as a multi-faceted negotiating process rather than as a direct two-way struggle between the powerful and the powerless.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

14

Orangi, Sakineh. "Time-dependant behaviour of ramming paste used in hall-héroult cell : characterization and constitutive law". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25205.

Texto completo

Resumen

Un des éléments du revêtement carboné dans une cuve de Hall-Héroult est la pâte à brasquer. Au cours du préchauffage et dans la période de démarrage d'une cuve de Hall-Héroult permettant de passer de la température ambiante à près de 1000 °C, la pâte est cuite sous des charges variables et elle subit plusieurs phénomènes physiques tels que les effets chimiques et mécaniques. Le fluage/relaxation est l'un des phénomènes mécaniques que la pâte supporte pendant la cuisson. Afin de proposer une loi constitutive de fluage/relaxation de la pâte à brasquer, il était nécessaire de définir son comportement viscoélastique-viscoplastique en se basant sur des expériences. A cet effet, des essais de fluage ont été conduits pour des pâtes ayant été cuites à différentes températures variant de 200 °C à 1000 °C. Sur la base de ces nouvelles observations, un modèle rhéologique a été proposé pour modéliser le comportement en fluage/relaxation de la pâte. En utilisant le modèle rhéologique, en trois dimensions, une loi constitutive a été conçue et développée qui représente le comportement en fluage/relaxation non linéaire des matériaux sensibles à la pression hydrostatique. Un nouveau potentiel de dissipation a été postulé qui inclut l'effet de la pression hydrostatique et en cisaillement. Le modèle mis au point a été développé pour le cas de fluage sous contrainte constante. Afin d'obtenir la déformation par fluage, une solution analytique, a été établie quand elle existe, et des solutions numériques à partir d'un système d'équations différentielles non linéaires ont été élaborées. Pour la mise en œuvre numérique, la discrétisation a été réalisée en utilisant schéma d'Euler implicite et les non-linéarités ont été traitées à l'aide de la méthode de Newton-Raphson. A cet effet, certains codes ont été développés dans le logiciel Matlab pour résoudre la partie volumétrique et déviatorique du modèle. L’optimisation des paramètres a été réalisée en employant l’algorithme « pattern search » disponible dans le logiciel Matlab. La comparaison des modèles avec les résultats expérimentaux ont montré que le modèle représente bien le comportement non linéaire viscoélastique-viscoplastique de la pâte cuite à différentes températures.
One of the components of the carbonaceous lining of a Hall-Héroult cell is ramming paste. During preheating and start-up periods of the Hall-Héroult cell from room temperature to 1000 °C, the paste is baked under varying loads and it experiences several phenomena such as chemical and mechanical ones. Creep/relaxation is one of the mechanical phenomena that the paste experiences during baking. Few papers have been published on the modelling of creep/relaxation behaviour of the ramming paste. In order to propose a constitutive model, it was necessary to have some insight into its creep behaviour. To this end, creep tests were carried out on the paste which had been baked at different temperatures ranging from 200 to 1000 °C. Based on the new observations obtained from these tests, a rheological model was proposed for the creep behaviour of the paste. Using the rheological model, a three-dimensional constitutive law was devised that represents nonlinear creep/relaxation behaviour of the materials sensitive to hydrostatic pressure. A novel dissipation potential was postulated which includes the effect of the hydrostatic pressure in addition to shear. The devised model was developed for the creep case under constant stress. In order to obtain the creep strain, it was necessary to obtain analytical, when they existed, and numerical solutions from a system of nonlinear differential equations. For numerical implementation, discretization was performed using implicit Euler scheme and nonlinearity was treated using Newton-Raphson iterative process. To this end, some codes were developed in Matlab software. The model parameters were identified using axial and radial strains obtained from uniaxial creep tests on the paste baked at 250 °C and tested at room temperature. Furthermore, the model parameters were identified using the axial strain obtained from uniaxial creep tests on the paste baked at 350, 560 and 1000 °C as well as tested at 300, 300 °C and room temperature, respectively. Optimization of the parameters was performed employing pattern search algorithm available in the Matlab software. Comparison of the model with experimental results showed that the model well represents the nonlinear viscoelastic-viscoplastic behaviour of the paste baked at different temperatures.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

15

Al-Ghadyan, Soliman A. "Using multisystemic treatment for treating juveniles with serious delinquent behaviour in the social observation home in Riyadh city in Saudi Arabia". Thesis, University of Hull, 2001. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3538.

Texto completo

Resumen

This study was conducted to examine the use of multisystemic treatment for treating juveniles with serious delinquency, as a new approach within the Saudi Arabian context.Multisystemic treatment addresses behaviour problems as multidetermined by interacting individual, family, school, peers, and community systems. This study attempted to determine the impact of the multisystemic therapy on the behaviour of young offenders with serious delinquency and in increasing their level of self-esteem and religious behaviour.The fieldwork was conducted in 2000-0 I in the Social Observation Home in Riyadh City. The project consisted of three parts: therapists training for one month, a treatment programme for three months and follow up, conducted in two periods of two months each, with a seven months interval. An experimental and control group, prepost test design was adopted. Twenty juveniles with serious delinquency (age 14-18) were assigned to each group. The experimental group received multisystemic treatment, and the control group received the Home's usual service (individual therapy).Outcomes were measured by, self-reports (Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and Level of Religious Measurement), official misconducts, family relations, peer relations, school attendance & grades and observed religious practice. Qualitative information was obtained from six case studies (three experimental, three control) and from interviews with young offenders, their relatives and the Home staff.The results indicated greater gain and long-term positive impact on the behaviour of young offenders in the experimental than in the control group, on all measures. The improvement in self-esteem and religious practice in association with multisystemic treatment are especially noteworthy, as these factors have been subject to little or no previous investigation, and are particularly important in relation to delinquency in the Saudi context.It is concluded, that provided appropriate resources are allocated to the application, multisystemic treatment can be adapted to meet the unique cultural concerns of the Saudi context.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

16

Hudson, Danielle. "Women life sentence prisoners and the staff who work with them : the impact of previous experience upon behaviour and implications for custodial practice". Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269158.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

17

Warr, Oliver William Peter. "Understanding phase behaviour in the geological storage of carbon dioxide". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/understanding-phase-behaviour-in-the-geological-storage-of-carbon-dioxide(8e772ee9-057c-49d8-afb4-5f8e2931bb8e).html.

Texto completo

Resumen

Noble gas partitioning between supercritical CO2-H2O phases can be used to monitor Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) sites and their natural analogues. However, in order for viable application, noble gas partitioning within these environments must be well constrained. Present estimates of partition coefficient for these systems are taken from the low pressure pure noble gas-water experiments of Crovetto et al. and Smith (Crovetto et al., 1982; Smith, 1985). The effect a supercritical CO2 phase may have on noble gas partitioning is assumed negligible, although this has not been empirically verified. In this work this assumption of noble gas behaviour within a supercritical CO2-H2O binary phase system is evaluated using a combined approach of experiment and simulation. Using a specially commissioned high pressure system at the British Geological Survey paired CO2 and H2O samples were collected from noble gas-enriched systems at pressures and temperatures ranging between 90 – 140 bar and 323.15 – 373.15 K. These were analysed for their noble gas content using a quadrupole mass spectrometer system developed specifically for this project. By comparing the relative concentrations of noble gases in each phase partition coefficients were defined for the experimental conditions. These were compared to their low pressure analogues. At higher CO2 densities all noble gases expressed a significant deviation from predicted partition coefficients. At the highest density (656 kg/m3) helium values decreased by -54% (i.e. reduced solubility within CO2) while argon, krypton and xenon values increased by 76%, 106% and 291% respectively. These deviations are due to supercritical CO2 acting as a polar solvent, the solvation power of which increases as a function of density. Polarisation is induced in each noble gas within this solvent based on their respective polarisabilities. Hence xenon, krypton and argon become more easily solvated as a function of CO2 density while solvating helium becomes harder. These deviation trends are well described using a second order polynomial. This fit defines a deviation coefficient which can be used to adapt low pressure partition coefficients to allow accurate predictions of partitioning within highly dense CO2 phases. Concurrently a Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo (GEMC) molecular model was iteratively developed to reproduce noble gas behaviour within these experimental systems. By optimising noble gas-water interactions a pure noble gas-water system was constructed for each noble gas at low pressure which replicated published partition coefficients. These optimised interactions were subsequently applied to low pressure CO2-H2O systems where partition coefficients were derived by calculating excess chemical potentials of noble gases in each phase. Again a good agreement was observed with published values. When the model was applied to the experimental conditions however, a poor agreement with the experimental values was observed. Instead simulated values replicated the low pressure Crovetto et al. and Smith datasets (Crovetto et al., 1982; Smith, 1985). This was due to no CO2-noble gas polarisation terms being included in the current iteration of the model. By including this within the model in the future a full reconciliation between the datasets is expected.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

18

Callander, Isla M. F. "Improving the statutory regulation of consensual sexual behaviour between adolescents in Scotland". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8244/.

Texto completo

Resumen

This thesis examines the extent to which the criminal law is a suitable tool for the regulation of the sexual behaviour of ‘older children’ and identifies the most appropriate approach for that involvement to take. The research takes place in the context of the current approach in Scotland, whereby all consensual sexual intercourse and oro-genital sexual activity between two ‘older children’, defined as those aged 13 to 15, is criminalised under section 37 of the Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009. The nature of this legislation is described in detail in Part One of the thesis, and then contextualised against the relatively widespread occurrence of these activities amongst older children and the very limited number of prosecutions under the provision in practice. The question of whether, on balance, the current approach is appropriate is addressed over Parts Two and Three of the thesis. In making this assessment, the thesis integrates relevant public health research and aspects of research into adolescent psychology and neurological development, with the principles that should normatively inform criminalisation decisions and doctrinal legal discussions. Overall, it is argued that, while there are good public policy reasons to encourage older children to delay engaging in sexual intercourse and oro-genital sexual activity, the current blanket approach taken by the criminal law in Scotland is overly broad. Part Four of the thesis makes an extensive comparative analysis of the legal approaches taken to consensual adolescent sexual intercourse in other common law jurisdictions, to identify possible approaches that Scotland might follow in preference to the current law. These approaches are drawn upon to advocate a more refined approach in the substantive law in Scotland that criminalises consensual sexual intercourse and oro-genital sexual activity involving older children only where there is a substantial age difference between the participants or where there is otherwise evidence of exploitation. The thesis argues that the refined approach would safeguard adolescents against exploitation without automatically criminalising significant numbers of adolescents for their consensual sexual behaviour.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

19

McTavish, Shona. "Towards the knowing organisation : an investigation into the information behaviour of trainee solicitors within a law firm environment". Thesis, Northumbria University, 2007. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/1839/.

Texto completo

Resumen

This PhD study was designed to characterise the nature and role of the information behaviour of trainee solicitors in the context of knowledge development within a law firm environment. The characterisations drawn and the propositions offered provide a deeper understanding of the information behaviour of trainee solicitors, and, of the relationship between information behaviour, knowledge behaviour and knowledge development. A constructivist approach to inquiry was adopted, where the research design emerged through 'doing'. As emergent design is unusual within Library and Information Science (LIS) an in-depth discussion of how the design emerged is included within this thesis. Six trainees formed the sample for the final presentation of the findings. The adoption of a narrative technique for the gathering of data, and the presentation of the analysis, taking a cross-trainee and cross-theme approach, enabled holistic, in-depth characterisations to be drawn. The themes emerged through an iterative process of analysis and were followed up through a review of the literature. Undertaking a more comprehensive literature review after data collection is a characteristic of the constructivist inquiry but is a unique approach within LIS research. Through the consideration and interpretation of the characterisations that emerged from the findings this research posits a set of theoretical propositions and practical solutions pertaining to the knowledge behaviour (incorporating information behaviour) and knowledge development of the trainee solicitors. These propositions alongside the practical solutions offered are transferable in that they can be taken by other firms or organisations and considered in relation to their own setting. In addition, a model depicting the knowledge behaviour and its role in the knowledge development of trainee solicitors is presented.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

20

Prettl, Axel [Verfasser]. "The international tax law of Controlled Foreign Corporation rules and their influence on multinational companies' behaviour / Axel Prettl". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236994019/34.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

21

Quillin, Bryce Ramsey. "The effects of international soft law on state behaviour : understanding degrees of compliance with the Basel Accord, 1988-2000". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2297/.

Texto completo

Resumen

The thesis provides a comprehensive examination of the impact of the 1988 Basel Accord on the capital adequacy regulations of developed economies. The study seeks to understand if the Accord affected broad or isolated convergence of 18 developed states' bank credit risk regulations from 1988 to 2000, and understand what political economic variables influenced levels of regulatory isomorphism. The thesis argues that previous research has failed to effectively address whether the Accord accomplished its "level regulatory playing field" objective by employing small sample sizes. In order to address this lacuna, the thesis creates a quantitative database of developed states' interpretations of the Basel rules. The results indicate that the Accord may have successfully provided a regulatory floor as most states implemented the agreement in some form by 1991. Yet, some persistent distinction remained in the way states implemented the Accord. Second, the thesis aims to understand why convergence emerged among a subset of states, yet not others, by testing a battery of political economic explanations. Statistical tests reveal that initial interpretations of the Accord's provisions were conditioned by the severity of a state's capital adequacy regime prior to 1988. States with weak (severe) pre-Basel capital adequacy regimes tended to implement weak (severe) interpretations of the Accord. Departures from "path dependent" positions resulted mostly from the presence of acute banking crises and the impact of private financial market influences. The qualitative studies of implementation in the United States, France, Germany, and Japan tend to support the quantitative finds, yet also emphasize the importance of considering tax, accounting, and loan-loss provisioning policies in assessments of capital adequacy regulation. These results should have implications for revised studies of the economic effects of the Accord and studies of possible impact of the Basel 2 Accord.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

22

Furphy, Patricia. "Multivariate analysis of war crime behaviour : implications for the International Criminal Court". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2015. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4409/.

Texto completo

Resumen

To prosecute perpetrators of war crimes the International Criminal Court (ICC) must connect the physical actions of the offence and ‘most responsible’ offenders charged with planning, instigating and intent on carrying out crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and crimes of aggression. To date there has been no empirical study of the types of physical actions that make up this offence. There is no baseline knowledge to contextualize the offence and enable the ICC to make links between the actions on the ground and a perpetrator’s culpability. The purpose of this study was to produce the first multivariate model of war crime ground action using cases of war crime offences in Cambodia and Rwanda. The aim was to first identify a representative range offence behaviours, and secondly determine if ground actions could be differentiated into distinct forms of offending that indicate culpability, that is, knowledge and intent in carrying out the crime. Lastly, offence behaviours assessed to determine if external factors could account for variances in offender behaviour, and help the ICC account for variances in behaviour when making inferences from the models. This was achieved through content analysis, cluster analysis, smallest space analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. It was found that as many as 44 different killing and disposal methods are used over the course of war crimes in Cambodia and Rwanda and that these offence actions can be classified into four distinct themes of behaviour. The indentified conservative, expressive, integrative and adaptive theme demonstrates that offenders were committing war crime offences in different ways. Using the underlying theories attached to each mode the ICC can infer the culpability of an offender based on which theme their actions fall into. In this case offenders subscribing to the conservative theme are likely to reflect the planning and instigation components of a war crime and offenders whose actions fall within the expressive theme are likely to be using war crimes as a cover for personal gratification and gain. Finally it was found that variances of behaviour can be attributed to the geographical location and timing of the event, and helps the ICC target their investigations to locations and periods linked to conservative behaviour, the offender who performs it and thus their culpability. This study shows that multivariate analysis can contextualize ground actions in manner that allows the ICC to make informed decisions of perpetrator culpability during war crimes.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

23

Barškietienė, Jurgita. "Šeimos įtaka nepilnamečių deviantinio elgesio formavimuisi". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20080128_111328-11950.

Texto completo

Resumen

Šeima – svarbiausia terpė, kurioje vaikas gali sėkmingai augti ir vystytis. Tai yra pirmoji aplinka, perteikianti tam tikrus elgesio modelius, kuriuos įsisąmonina ir perima vaikas. Pripažįstama, kad šeimoje formuojasi ne tik socialus, bet ir asocialus vaikų elgesys, kuris yra smerkiamas, nepriimtinas ir traktuojamas kaip deviantinis. Šeimoje yra gana daug nepalankių asmenybės formavimosi sąlygų. Tenka pripažinti, kad nepilnamečių deviantinio elgesio formavimuisi turi įtakos šeimos tipas ir aplinka. Išsiaiškinta, kad nepriimtinu elgesiu pasižymintys vaikai yra ne tik iš socialinės rizikos, nedarnių bei struktūriškai nepilnų šeimų, bet ir iš darnių bei emigrantų šeimų, kurios Lietuvoje yra pakankamai mažai tyrinėtos. Nepageidaujamas vaikų elgesys gali atsirasti ir dėl tėvų auklėjimo klaidų. Tėvų ir vaikų tarpusavio santykiai, bausmių pobūdis bei jų griežtumas, netinkama vaikų elgesio kontrolė ir priežiūra neabejotinai sąlygoja deviantinio elgesio formavimąsi. Akivaizdu, kad kuo daugiau nepalankių veiksnių vienu metu veikia vaiko asmenybę, tuo didesnė elgesio nukrypimų tikimybė. Todėl savaime suprantama, kad deviantinio elgesio pamatas yra šeima, prie kurio vėliau prisijungia mokykla, draugai, žiniasklaida ir kt. Magistro baigiamajame darbe, remiantis moksline literatūra, Lietuvos teisės aktais, statistikos bei ESPAD tyrimų duomenimis, supažindinama su deviantinio elgesio samprata, pateikiama nepilnamečių deviantinio elgesio apraiškos Lietuvos visuomenėje bei išanalizuojama... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Family is the most important environment for the successful growth and development of the child. It is the first environment transmitting particular behaviour models which the child assimilates and takes over. It is accepted that family influences not only social behaviour but asocial one as well, which is denounced, unacceptable and treated as deviant. There are distinguished a lot of unfavourable personality development conditions in the family. It must be admitted that the type and environment of the family may influence the formation of the teenagers’ deviant behaviour. It was ascertained that children whose behaviour is unacceptable commonly come from asocial, problematic, disharmonious and not full in structure families. Also it should be admitted that the formation of deviant personality is influenced by the family of emigrants, but there are few analyses in this sphere in Lithuania. Unwanted behaviour may also appear because of the parents’ upbringing mistakes. The formation of deviant behaviour is influenced by the relationships between parents and children, the kind of punishment and its severity, inappropriate control of child’s behaviour. It is obvious that the more unfavourable factors influence the child’s personality at one time; the bigger chance of the deviant behaviour appears. Consequently, the basis of the deviant behaviour comes from the family, and later this behaviour is influenced by school, friends, mass media and etc. In this final master’s work with... [to full text]

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

24

Sanderson, Buster. "Blurred Lines : The assessment of detriment to distinctive character in Europe and the requirement to prove a change in the economic behaviour of the consumer". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353674.

Texto completo

Resumen

The extended protection offered to reputed trademarks in article 8(5) EUTMR and in particular the illusive concept of detriment to distinctive character has been causing difficulties for both legislators and courts throughout Europe since the concept was introduced by Frank Schechter in 1927. Detriment to distinctive character, or blurring as it also called, has undergone several changes since its implementation in the first trademark regulation due to case law from the CJEU and no case has had a bigger impact in this area than the Intel judgement. In Intel the court sought to resolve any uncertainties about detriment to distinctive character once and for all by developing the global appreciation test which was to consider all factors relevant to the case at hand. This test was however rather undermined by the introduction of the unsupported requirement that the proprietor had to prove a change in the economic behavior of the consumer. Since Intel, the number of claims regarding detriment to distinctive character has decreased due to the strictness of the requirement and the unwillingness of the court to sufficiently explain what sort of evidence that would effectively prove such change. As it stands, the concept of detriment to distinctive character is in serious risk of becoming redundant due to the current test for blurring not being fit for purpose.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

25

Choudhry, Jamal. "A study of wear and load behaviour on bucket teeth for heavy-duty cable shovels". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79010.

Texto completo

Resumen

Many of today’s engineering advancements rely on minerals such as copper, gold and iron. For this reason, the mining industry plays an important role for the development of society and technological wonders. Mining excavators are commonly used tools for extracting the minerals from the mine. Mining excavators are large machines used to breakdown, penetrate and load the rock ores onto trucks that transport the minerals. During the dynamic loading, the excavator bucket experiences significant amount of wear and tear that negatively affects the production by increasing the downtime. The bucket teeth are arguably the most worn parts of the bucket and are responsible for significant amounts of downtime. This thesis aims to provide a better understanding of the load and wear on the bucket teeth of large scale mining excavators used in Bolidens Aitik copper mine in Sweden. Because of how much wear and tear the bucket teeth are exposed to, there is a need to better understand the wear behaviour of the teeth and for the whole bucket in general. This understanding can then be used to improve the service life of the teeth and other parts of the bucket and thus increase work efficiency and reduce downtime. This project was divided into two parts. The first part consisted of regular field measurements to follow the wear on the bucket for about two weeks of digging and loading. The gathered data was then analysed to provide a better understand about the wear behaviour. The second part was to develop a numerical model that could predict the wear on the bucket and could be verified by the field measurements. The field measurements consisted of seven 3D laser scans of the bucket starting with brand new teeth. At the time of the last scan, the buckets total loaded tonnage was approximately 542 kton and the excavator had operated in total of approximately 195 hours. After the raw data from the scans was gathered and analysed, various information about the wear behaviour on the teeth was achieved. The 3D scanned data was also used to provide a complete wear development cycle which allowed to track the wear of any point in the bucket. The method could also be used to create animations of the teeth as they were being worn. From the results, it was concluded that the wear rate for the teeth slowed down and even converged as the geometry changed due to wear. When comparing all nine teeth on the bucket, it was also found that the middle teeth on the bucket were most exposed to wear. The most worn tooth was found to lose around 50 kg of weight after approximately 117 operating hours, which accounts for 40 % of the original weight. The animations from the complete wear development results also showed how the individual teeth and the whole leading edge with all nine teeth were being worn as the buckets loaded tonnage increased from 0 to 542 kton. The numerical model consisted of simulations of loading with the rocks being modelled with the Discrete Element Method (DEM). These were divided into four cases, the first being with the bucket with all new teeth. The second bucket with a mixture of new and worn teeth. The third bucket with all worn teeth and then finally the fourth bucket in which a new tooth geometry was tested. The numerical model showed promising results and potential for being a reliable way to predict the wear on the bucket. The results showed that both the penetration force and wear for the middle teeth was higher than the other neighbouring teeth. It also showed that the completely worn teeth had a lower wear rate than the new teeth which is in agreement with the results from field measurements. Other factors such as tooth shape and length were also observed to have a significant impact on the wear and penetration force. Lastly, the new teeth geometry also showed potential for design improvements in terms of wear resistance but can be further optimised. From the new teeth geometry, a suggestion was given for using an existing tooth system that might be more wear resistant.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

26

Radebe, Fani. "Towards a mobile application to aid law enforcement in diagnosing and preventing mobile bully-victim behaviour in Eastern Free State High Schools of South Africa". Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33913.

Texto completo

Resumen

Mobile bully-victim behaviour is one cyber aggression that is escalating worldwide. Bully-victims are people who bully others but are also victimised by peers. The behaviour of bully-victims therefore swings between that of pure bullies and pure victims, making it difficult to identify and prevent. Prevention measures require the involvement of a number of stakeholders, including communities. However, there has been a lack of whole-community participation in the fight against cyberbullying and the roles of stakeholders are often unclear. We expect the law enforcement in particular, the police, to play a key role in curbing all forms of bullying. This is a challenging task in South Africa as these law enforcement agents often lack the skills and appropriate legislation to address particularly cyber-related bullying. Literature shows that law enforcement agents need to advance their technological skills and also be equipped with digital interventions if they are to diagnose and prevent mobile bully-victim behaviour effectively. This is particularly important in South Africa, where the rate of crime remains one of the highest in the world. The aim of this study was to develop a mobile application that can aid law enforcement in diagnosing and preventing mobile bully-victim behaviour in high schools. As part of requirements to the application development, it identified the impediments to the law enforcement effectiveness in combating mobile bully-victim behaviour. Extensive literature review on the factors influencing mobile bullying and mobile bully-victim behaviour was conducted and an integrative framework for understanding this behaviour and its prevention was developed. In so doing, the dominant behavioural theories were consulted, including the social-ecological theory, social learning theory, social information processing theories, and the theory of planned behaviour, as well as the general strain theory, and the role theory. The conceptual framework developed in this study extended and tailored the “Cyberbullying Continuum of Harm”, enabling inclusive and moderated diagnosis of bullying categories and severity assessment. That is, instead of focusing on mobile bully-victims only, bullies, victims, and those uninvolved were also identified. Also the physical moderation of the identification process by the police helped to minimise dishonest reporting. This framework informed the design, development and evaluation of a mobile application for the law enforcement agents. The Design Science Research (DSR) methodology within pragmatic paradigm and literature guided the development of the mobile application named mobile bullyvictims response system (M-BRS) and its evaluation for utility. The M-BRS features included functions to enable anonymous reporting and confidential assessments of mobile bully-victims effects in school classrooms. Findings from this study confirmed the utility of the M-BRS to identify learners' involvement in mobile bully-victims behaviour through peer nomination and self-nomination. This study also showed that use of the M-BRS has enabled empowerment of marginalised learners, and mitigation of learners' fear to report, providing them with control over mobile bully-victim reporting. In addition, learners using the M-BRS were inclined to report perpetrators through a safe (anonymous and confidential) reporting platform. With the M-BRS, it was much easier to identify categories of bullies, i.e. mobile bully-victims, bullies, victims, and uninvolved. The practical contributions of this study were skills enhancements in reducing the mobile bully-victims behaviour. These included improvement of the police's technical skills to safely identify mobile bully-victims and their characterisation as propagators and retaliators that enabled targeted interventions. This was particularly helpful in response to courts' reluctance to prosecute teenagers for cyberbullying and the South African lack of legislation thereon so that the police are enabled to restoratively address this behaviour in schools. Also, the identification information was helpful to strengthen evidence for reported cases, which was remarkable because sometimes perpetrators cannot be found due to their concealed online identities. Furthermore, this study made possible the surveillance of mobile bully-victims through the M-BRS, which provided the police some control to reducing the mobile bully-victim behaviour. This study provided a practical way for implementing targeted prevention and interventions programmes using relevant resources towards a most efficient solution for mobile bully-victims problem. Since there are not many mobile-based interventions for mobile bully-victim behaviour, this study provided a way in which artefacts' development could be informed by theory, as a new, innovative and practical contribution in research. In so doing, this study contributed to technology applications' ability to modify desired behaviour.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

27

Walsh, Tamara. "Overruling the Underclass? Homelessness and the Law in Queensland". Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16161/.

Texto completo

Resumen

The impact of the law on the lives of homeless people in Queensland has, to date, remained largely unexplored by legal academics and researchers. This is despite the fact that homeless people experience a number of legal difficulties that seriously affect their lives. This thesis by published papers aims to make a significant and original contribution to filling this gap in the research evidence by presenting the results of analyses of the legal, theoretical and practical issues that arise in the context of homeless persons' interactions with the legal system in Queensland. Most notably, it is comprised of three pieces of empirical research which identify those areas of law that impact most on homeless people in Queensland and explore the consequences of the operation of these laws on their lives. In sum, this thesis examines the extent of the law's influence on the lives of homeless people in Queensland, and finds that the consequences of the law's operation on homeless people in Queensland are serious. The thesis first examines the effect on Queensland's homeless people of laws which regulate behaviour conducted in public space. The criminal offences of vagrancy, begging and public nuisance are analysed; their historical origins, the reasons for their retention on modern statute books, and arguments in favour of their repeal are discussed. The impact of 'public space law' on homeless people in Queensland is also explored through a survey of 30 homeless people residing in inner-city Brisbane. This part of the thesis concludes that public space law in Queensland results in breaches of homeless persons' human rights, as well as the contravention of rule of law principles. The thesis then explores the impact of the law on homeless persons' experiences of citizenship. Empirical research and theoretical analysis demonstrate that the application of various laws, particularly public space laws, social security laws and electoral laws, encroaches on homeless persons' citizenship rights. The thesis then reports on the results of a unique survey of Queensland's homelessness service providers. This survey is the most extensive piece of empirical research ever conducted on the extent to which various laws impact on homeless people. Respondents were asked to indicate which areas of law impact most adversely on their homeless clients. Based on the research findings outlined above, the hypothesis was that criminal law issues, particularly public space offences, would be proven to impact particularly adversely on homeless people in Queensland. Somewhat unexpectedly, the findings of the survey indicated that fines law, debt law and family law difficulties are those legal difficulties most often encountered by homeless people in Queensland. Difficulties produced by criminal laws, social security laws and electoral laws, while still generally relevant, rated less highly. However, the survey did demonstrate that experiences differ between sub-groups within the homeless population, for example Indigenous homeless people were reported to be most affected by criminal law issues, while young homeless people were reported to be most affected by social security law issues. Together, the five papers which comprise this thesis make an original and substantial contribution to knowledge by identifying empirically for the first time the various laws that have a significant impact on the lives of homeless people in Queensland, and analysing the consequences of this in terms of their effect on homeless persons' citizenship rights, human rights and rule of law entitlements.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

28

Smets, Michael. "Doing deals in a global law firm : the reciprocity of institutions and work". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:48185e10-6537-4305-8af3-8ccb27a07ebb.

Texto completo

Resumen

Since the early 1990s, institutional approaches to organizations have increasingly focused on explaining the role of agency in processes of institutional creation and transformation. The paradox of embedded agency, the question of how actors can become motivated and enabled to transform supposedly taken-for-granted practices, structures and norms has become the fundamental puzzle of contemporary institutional theory. Recent attempts to resolve this puzzle under the label of “institutional work” focus on practices aimed at creating, maintaining, and disrupting institutions, but portray them as planned, discrete episodes that unfold in isolation from everyday organizational or social life. Thereby, the label highlights institutionalists’ current neglect of work in its literal meaning as actors’ everyday occupational tasks and activities. The detachment of institutional work from practical work constitutes a significant blind spot in institutionalists’ understanding of agency and calls for research that examines the reciprocity of institutions and work. Drawing on illuminating constructs from theories of practice, this study extends existing field-level approaches to the paradox of embedded agency. It argues for a practice-based institutionalism that focuses on individual actors and the role of their collective micro-level praxis in constituting macro-level institutions. It re-connects institutional arguments to every-day activity rather than organizational or managerial action, unpacks the micro-practices and micro–politics by which actors negotiate institutional contradictions and demonstrates the reciprocity of institutions and work. The research addresses the detachment of institutional and practical work through a single-case study of a global law firm’s banking group. It explores what banking lawyers do when they ‘do deals’ and how their practical work may attain institutional relevance. Positioned at the intersec-tion of local laws, international financial markets, commercial and professional logics, banking lawyers operate across multiple institutional frameworks. Observations and accounts of their work provide particularly rich insights into the dynamics of institutional persistence and change, because they illustrate empirically how contradictory institutionalized concepts, practices and logics are experienced, negotiated, and constituted at work.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

29

Herrero, Alvaro J. "Court-executive relations in unstable democracies : strategic judicial behaviour in post-authoritarian Argentina (1983-2005)". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bd89e8f6-2b98-4336-9ec2-110c3d362da3.

Texto completo

Resumen

This dissertation deals with court-executive relations in post-authoritarian Argentina (1983-2006). Specifically, I analyse Supreme Court behaviour in highly sensitive cases to determine whether the tribunal has cooperated with or obstructed the government’s policy preferences in three key policy areas: human rights, economic emergency and pensions. This innovative type of approach – i.e., focusing on a small number of highly sensitive decisions – allows me to concentrate on cases that are genuinely important for the government or, more precisely, for the country’s political administration. There are cases that are significant for the State apparatus but irrelevant for the president (thinking of politicians as self-interested actors). My research uses a rational choice approach to courts, underscoring the strategic nature of judicial behaviour. This vision of judges provides a more accurate account of judicial-executive relations by bringing politics into the study of courts. By focusing exclusively on attitudes and apolitical jurisprudence, other visions take for granted the institutional context. Political stability, for example, cannot be assumed in many developing democracies. My findings indicate that the Argentine Supreme Court has consistently avoided obstructing the president’s policy preferences. Such behaviour is motivated by strategic considerations: judges are risk-averse actors that avoid clashing with the executive. For most of the time, the Supreme Court has operated under unified government, which increases the chances of being punished for anti-government decisions. Two other factors also account for the court’s risk-averse behaviour. First, procedural rules grant the Supreme Court wide discretion over its docket. The tribunal has used such discretion to strategically select the timing of its decisions. Second, recurrent democratic breakdowns have repeatedly led to attacks against the court, such as impeachment, irregular dismissals, and/or enlargements. Third, politicians exert broad control of judicial promotions, allowing them to block the careers of independent, courageous judges that act as a check on political power.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

30

Jansen, Van Vuuren Henk Riaan. "The influence of procedural, distributive and interactional justice on organisational citizenship behaviour among employees at the SAPS academy, Paarl". Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/455.

Texto completo

Resumen

M. Tech. (Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of Technology
Keywords: organisational justice, procedural justice, distributive justice, interactional justice, organisational citizenship behaviour. The purpose of this study is to investigate employees’ perceptions of organisational justice and their effects on organisational citizenship behaviour. This study advocates that the way employees perceive organisational justice affects their organisational citizenship behaviour in their current organisation. The fact that employees play a central role in the realisation of an organisation’s goals makes it critical for any organisation to have employees who are willing to go beyond what is required of them. In this study, a quantitative research paradigm and an exploratory research method were used to investigate a sample size of 226 employees working at the SAPS Academy, Paarl. In order to minimise the study bias, systematic sampling was used to ensure that the sample accurately reflected the larger population (N=457). Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire and the results of the correlation analysis revealed that all three dimensions of organisational justice are significantly and positively related to organisational citizenship behaviour. Organisational justice also showed a strong predictive relationship with organisational citizenship behaviour. Based on the findings of the empirical survey, it was revealed that if organisational justice practices are implemented appropriately, employees holding key positions may be likely to display more organisational citizenship behaviours. Therefore, it was recommended that, to address negative perceptions of organisational justice, a strategy should be formulated to ensure that employees are treated fairly in terms of the dimensions of organisational justice. It was also recommended that when developing and implementing such a strategy, barriers should be addressed that could:  influence the availability of accurate and complete information for decision making; and  influence the dissemination of information pertaining to job decisions. It is further recommended that rewards programmes be reviewed to ensure that employees will experience fairness when comparing their own payoffs with those of fellow employees and perceive just distributive justice practices. vii The study concludes by recommending that a “Code of good practice – communication policy” be developed that would enable the displaying of social sensitivity and dignified, respectful and acceptable behaviour by employees in a managerial position towards their subordinates. The findings and recommendations of this study are important to employers as they provide crucial information regarding the types of activities organisations could engage in for employees to consider them as acceptable organisational justice practices. Such involvement in acceptable organisational justice activities can improve employees’ organisational citizenship behaviour and reinforce effective and efficient service delivery in their current organisation. The implications for future research indicate that a comparative study testing the differences between different groups based on certain biographical traits, such as gender, marital status, age, educational level, income and length of service in the South African Police Service, is advisable as it would assist in determining how such biographical traits might influence the various dimensions of organisational justice. Furthermore, the study could also be expanded to include a broader national sample within the Division: Human Resource Development and other divisions within the South African Police Service.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

31

Hartig, Jens. "Numerical investigations on the uniaxial tensile behaviour of Textile Reinforced Concrete". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-66614.

Texto completo

Resumen

In the present work, the load-bearing behaviour of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC), which is a composite of a fine-grained concrete matrix and a reinforcement of high-performance fibres processed to textiles, exposed to uniaxial tensile loading was investigated based on numerical simulations. The investigations are focussed on reinforcement of multi-filament yarns of alkali-resistant glass. When embedded in concrete, these yarns are not entirely penetrated with cementitious matrix, which leads associated with the heterogeneity of the concrete and the yarns to a complex load-bearing and failure behaviour of the composite. The main objective of the work was the theoretical investigation of effects in the load-bearing behaviour of TRC, which cannot be explained solely by available experimental results. Therefore, a model was developed, which can describe the tensile behaviour of TRC in different experimental test setups with a unified approach. Neglecting effects resulting from Poisson’s effect, a one-dimensional model implemented within the framework of the Finite Element Method was established. Nevertheless, the model takes also transverse effects into account by a subdivision of the reinforcement yarns into so-called segments. The model incorporates two types of finite elements: bar and bond elements. In longitudinal direction, the bar elements are arranged in series to represent the load-bearing behaviour of matrix or reinforcement. In transverse direction these bar element chains are connected with bond elements. The model gains most of its complexity from non-linearities arising from the constitutive relations, e. g., limited tensile strength of concrete and reinforcement, tension softening of the concrete, waviness of the reinforcement and non-linear bond laws. Besides a deterministic description of the material behaviour, also a stochastic formulation based on a random field approach was introduced in the model. The model has a number of advantageous features, which are provided in this combination only in a few of the existing models concerning TRC. It provides stress distributions in the reinforcement and the concrete as well as properties of concrete crack development like crack spacing and crack widths, which are in some of the existing models input parameters and not a result of the simulations. Moreover, the successive failure of the reinforcement can be studied with the model. The model was applied to three types of tests, the filament pull-out test, the yarn pull-out test and tensile tests with multiple concrete cracking. The results of the simulations regarding the filament pull-out tests showed good correspondence with experimental data. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the influence of geometrical properties in these tests like embedding and free lengths of the filament as well as bond properties between filament and matrix. The presented results of simulations of yarn pull-out tests demonstrated the applicability of the model to this type of test. It has been shown that a relatively fine subdivision of the reinforcement is necessary to represent the successive failure of the reinforcement yarns appropriately. The presented results showed that the model can provide the distribution of failure positions in the reinforcement and the degradation development of yarns during loading. One of the main objectives of the work was to investigate effects concerning the tensile material behaviour of TRC, which could not be explained, hitherto, based solely on experimental results. Hence, a large number of parametric studies was performed concerning tensile tests with multiple concrete cracking, which reflect the tensile behaviour of TRC as occurring in practice. The results of the simulations showed that the model is able to reproduce the typical tripartite stress-strain response of TRC consisting of the uncracked state, the state of multiple matrix cracking and the post-cracking state as known from experimental investigations. The best agreement between simulated and experimental results was achieved considering scatter in the material properties of concrete as well as concrete tension softening and reinforcement waviness
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Untersuchungen zum einaxialen Zugtragverhalten von Textilbeton. Textilbeton ist ein Verbundwerkstoff bestehend aus einer Matrix aus Feinbeton und einer Bewehrung aus Multifilamentgarnen aus Hochleistungsfasern, welche zu textilen Strukturen verarbeitet sind. Die Untersuchungen konzentrieren sich auf Bewehrungen aus alkali-resistentem Glas. Das Tragverhalten des Verbundwerkstoffs ist komplex, was aus der Heterogenität der Matrix und der Garne sowie der unvollständigen Durchdringung der Garne mit Matrix resultiert. Das Hauptziel der Arbeit ist die theoretische Untersuchung von Effekten und Mechanismen innerhalb des Lastabtragverhaltens von Textilbeton, welche nicht vollständig anhand verfügbarer experimenteller Ergebnisse erklärt werden können. Das entsprechende Modell zur Beschreibung des Zugtragverhaltens von Textilbeton soll verschiedene experimentelle Versuchstypen mit einem einheitlichen Modell abbilden können. Unter Vernachlässigung von Querdehneffekten wurde ein eindimensionales Modell entwickelt und im Rahmen der Finite-Elemente-Methode numerisch implementiert. Es werden jedoch auch Lastabtragmechanismen in Querrichtung durch eine Unterteilung der Bewehrungsgarne in sogenannte Segmente berücksichtigt. Das Modell enthält zwei Typen von finiten Elementen: Stabelemente und Verbundelemente. In Längsrichtung werden Stabelemente kettenförmig angeordnet, um das Tragverhalten von Matrix und Bewehrung abzubilden. In Querrichtung sind die Stabelementketten mit Verbundelementen gekoppelt. Das Modell erhält seine Komplexität hauptsächlich aus Nichtlinearitäten in der Materialbeschreibung, z.B. durch begrenzte Zugfestigkeiten von Matrix und Bewehrung, Zugentfestigung der Matrix, Welligkeit der Bewehrung und nichtlineare Verbundgesetze. Neben einer deterministischen Beschreibung des Materialverhaltens beinhaltet das Modell auch eine stochastische Beschreibung auf Grundlage eines Zufallsfeldansatzes. Mit dem Modell können Spannungsverteilungen im Verbundwerkstoff und Eigenschaften der Betonrissentwicklung, z.B. in Form von Rissbreiten und Rissabständen untersucht werden, was in dieser Kombination nur mit wenigen der existierenden Modelle für Textilbeton möglich ist. In vielen der vorhandenen Modelle sind diese Eigenschaften Eingangsgrößen für die Berechnungen und keine Ergebnisse. Darüber hinaus kann anhand des Modells auch das sukzessive Versagen der Bewehrungsgarne studiert werden. Das Modell wurde auf drei verschiedene Versuchstypen angewendet: den Filamentauszugversuch, den Garnauszugversuch und Dehnkörperversuche. Die Berechnungsergebnisse zu den Filamentauszugversuchen zeigten eine gute Übereinstimmung mit experimentellen Resultaten. Zudem wurden Parameterstudien durchgeführt, um Einflüsse aus Geometrieeigenschaften wie der eingebetteten und freien Filamentlänge sowie Materialeigenschaften wie dem Verbund zwischen Matrix und Filament zu untersuchen. Die Berechnungsergebnisse zum Garnauszugversuch demonstrierten die Anwendbarkeit des Modells auf diesen Versuchstyp. Es wurde gezeigt, dass für eine realitätsnahe Abbildung des Versagensverhaltens der Bewehrungsgarne eine relativ feine Auflösung der Bewehrung notwendig ist. Die Berechnungen lieferten die Verteilung von Versagenspositionen in der Bewehrung und die Entwicklung der Degradation der Garne im Belastungsverlauf. Ein Hauptziel der Arbeit war die Untersuchung von Effekten im Zugtragverhalten von Textilbeton, die bisher nicht durch experimentelle Untersuchungen erklärt werden konnten. Daher wurde eine Vielzahl von Parameterstudien zu Dehnkörpern mit mehrfacher Matrixrissbildung, welche das Zugtragverhalten von Textilbeton ähnlich praktischen Anwendungen abbilden, durchgeführt. Die Berechnungsergebnisse zeigten, dass der experimentell beobachtete dreigeteilte Verlauf der Spannungs-Dehnungs-Beziehung von Textilbeton bestehend aus dem ungerissenen Zustand, dem Zustand der Matrixrissbildung und dem Zustand der abgeschlossenen Rissbildung vom Modell wiedergegeben wird. Die beste Übereinstimmung zwischen berechneten und experimentellen Ergebnissen ergab sich unter Einbeziehung von Streuungen in den Materialeigenschaften der Matrix, der Zugentfestigung der Matrix und der Welligkeit der Bewehrung

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

32

Barrington, Jane. "Shapeshifting prostitution and the problem of harm : a discourse analysis of media reportage of prostitution law reform in New Zealand in 2003 : a thesis submitted to AUT University New Zealand in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science, 2008". Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/471.

Texto completo

Resumen

Interpersonal violence and abuse in New Zealand is so widespread it is considered a normative experience. Mental health nurses witnessing the inscribed effects of abuse on service users are lead to consider whether we are dealing with a breakdown of the mind or a breakdown in social or cultural connection (Stuhlmiller, 2003). The purpose of this research is to examine the cultural context which makes violence and abuse against women and children possible. In 2003, the public debate on prostitution law reform promised to open a space in which discourses on sexuality and violence, practices usually private or hidden, would publicly emerge. Everyday discourses relating to prostitution law reform reported in the New Zealand Herald newspaper in the year 2003 were analysed using Foucauldian and feminist post-structural methodological approaches. Foucauldian discourse analysis emphasises the ways in which power is enmeshed in discourse, enabling power relations and hegemonic practices to be made visible. The research aims were to develop a complex, comprehensive analysis of the media discourses, to examine the construction of harm in the media debate, to examine the ways in which the cultural hegemony of dominant groups was secured and contested and to consider the role of mental health nurses as agents of emancipatory political change. Mental health promotion is mainly a socio-political practice and the findings suggest that mental health nurses could reconsider their professional role, to participate politically as social activists, challenging the social order thereby reducing the human suffering which interpersonal violence and abuse carries in its wake.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

33

Nazarovienė, Daiva. "Teisinė sąmonė kaip kriminologinė kategorija". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20060322_120757-76896.

Texto completo

Resumen

Legal consciousness is one of the most important concepts in criminology, which defines individual or public perception of justice, expectations of legal behaviour and demand for sanctions for the deviation from the rules. The theorized criminological perception of legal consciousness, also modern introductions on this field are passed in review in theoretical part of this study. The positive, the subjective and the modern conceptions of legal consciousness are presented.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

34

Jinadasa, Malini S. "The role of the leniency programme in the enforcement of competition law in the UK : a complementary enforcement procedure or an admission of the failure of enforcement authorities to tackle anticompetitive behaviour head on?" Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16583.

Texto completo

Resumen

Leniency Programmes have been introduced as a complementary measure in the enforcement of competition law in detecting cartels, on the basis that hard to find evidence will be provided by undertakings coming forward to confess, in exchange for immunity or reduction in fines. The advantages of leniency are deemed to be twofold, since evidence is thereby expected to be given voluntarily, and in turn it would save up the limited resources available to enforcement authorities, by reducing lengthy investigations in search of evidence. Therefore, the widely accepted view by regulators, economists, and lawyers alike is that leniency is by far the most effective method of detecting and deterring anticompetitive activities by undertakings. An 'undertaking' covers any entity engaged in an economic activity that offers goods or services in a given market. In the UK, Chapter I of the Competition Act 1998 governs prohibitions that fall within the category of cartels of which price-fixing, market or customer sharing, agreements to restrict production or supply, and bid-rigging are the most serious 'hard-core cartels'. This study evaluates the efficacy of the Leniency Programme in the enforcement of competition law applied in respect of cartel infringements based on cases decided by the UK's principal enforcement authority. Chapter I cases decided and published over a twelve-year period, since the Competition Act 1998 came into force, have been analysed in order to evaluate whether the leniency programme has been an incentive for colluders to apply for leniency. The results indicate that very few leniency applications were submitted voluntarily before an investigation was begun by the enforcement authority. Moreover, the detection rate of Chapter I cases on average has been very low over the twelve-year period, less than 2 cases per year, excluding settlements. The research also shows that contrary to the accepted view that evidence relating to cartels is difficult to find, cartels studied in this thesis have left a trail of both electronic, and other evidence that the authorities were able to seize. Further, the leniency applicants were not always reliable witnesses, and despite leniency, the enforcement authorities had to conduct lengthy investigations, negating the cost saving assertion and taking resources away from ex officio interventions by the authorities. The conclusion drawn from this study is that rather than enhancing detection and deterrence of anticompetitive behaviour by undertakings, the leniency programme overlaps, and in effect, undermines the public enforcement of competition law in the UK.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

35

Ta, Anh Tuan. "Modélisation de lois de comportement anisotropes par la théorie mathématique des invariants : application aux matériaux biologiques fibreux". Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0236/document.

Texto completo

Resumen

Les travaux de cette thèse s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la formalisation mathématique des lois de comportement de matériaux anisotropes permettant de modéliser les tissus organiques (ligaments, muscles, tendons, parois artérielles …), les caoutchoucs renforcés par des fibres ou encore les composites textiles utilisés en aéronautique ou en génie civil. A partir des années 1950, l’utilisation de la théorie des invariants a été intensivement étudiée dans le cadre de la mécanique des milieux continus et plusieurs familles d’invariants ont alors été proposées. Cependant, l’utilisation de ces invariants soulève plusieurs difficultés :• Il en existe une grande diversité, ce qui ne facilite pas leur choix dans le cadre d’une modélisation éléments finis,• Certains sont difficiles à interpréter physiquement,• Ils nécessitent souvent la superposition deux densités d’énergie : l’une pour la description du comportement isotrope et l’autre pour la description du comportement purement anisotrope.Pour surmonter ces difficultés, une méthode constructive a été récemment proposée par Thionnet et al. Elle permet de s'assurer de l'unicité (à une relation près) de l'écriture polynômiale des invariants. Nous avons adapté cette méthode au cas des matériaux hyperélastiques anisotropes dans les cas d’un matériau constitué de deux familles puis d’une seule famille de fibre de collagène. Dans le premier cas, le théorème de Noether et l’opérateur de Reynolds ont été employés. Le second cas est techniquement plus complexe à aborder car le groupe de symétrie matérielle n’est plus de cardinal fini. L’opérateur de Reynolds n’a alors plus de sens et le théorème de Noether n’est plus applicable. Pour pallier cette situation, nous avons introduit un opérateur de Reynolds généralisé et avons montré que les propriétés associées à ce nouvel opérateur constituaient une extension de l’opérateur classique. Dans les deux cas, nous avons réussi à exhiber une base d’intégrité constituée d’invariants qui, pour certains, se démarquent de ceux classiquement trouvés dans la littérature.En particulier, dans le cas d’une famille de fibre, nous avons pu établir, grâce au théorème de Kantorovich, que l’un de ces invariants était relié au maximum de l’angle de cisaillement entre la fibre et la matrice
This thesis concerns a mathematical formulation of anisotropic behavior laws for the modeling of biological soft tissues (such as ligaments, muscle, tendons or arterial walls), fibers reinforced rubbers and textile composites used in aeronautical industry or for civil engineering applications. From the fifties, the theory of invariants was extensively developped in the framework of continuum mechanics and several families of invariants were proposed. However the use of these invariants meets some problems:• Because of a wide diversity, it is uneasy to well choose them in order to perform a finite element analysis.• It is difficult to give a physical meaning to some of them.• They often require the superposition of two strain energy densities: one for the description of the isotropic behavior of the material and one for the purely anisotropic behavior.To overcome these problems, a constructive method was recently proposed by Thionnet et al. It ensures the uniqueness (up to an algebraic relation) of the polynomial expression of the invariants. We have adapted this method to the case of anisotropic hyperelastic materials with two and with one single family of collagen fibers. In the first case, the Noether theorem and the Reynolds operator were used. The second case is more complex because the symmetry group is not of finite cardinal. Therefore, the Reynolds operator does not make sense anymore and the Noether theorem cannot be used. To overcome these technical difficulties, we have introduced a generalized Reynolds operator and we have shown that this operator is nothing but the extension of the classical one. In both cases of materials treated, we have succeeded to calculate an integrity basis made of invariants which are different (for some of them) from the classical ones found in the literature. In the case of the single family of fibers, we have demonstrated, thanks to the Kantorovich theorem, that one of those invariant was linked to the maximum value of the shear angle between the fiber and the matrix

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

36

Guilhen, Isabelle. "L'après-contrat". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2020. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2020CLFAD010_GUILHEN.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

Le contrat est formé pour accomplir une opération économique puis s'éteint. Or, de nombreuses autres formes juridiques se développent dans le temps à sa suite. Celles-ci traitent d'intérêts résiduels issus du contrat ou des difficultés que son exécution a rencontrées. Quoiqu'en rapport étroit avec l'expérience contractuelle, ces formes ne peuvent davantage rester attachées à la notion de contrat puisqu'elles en dépassent le cadre et le postulat de départ. Au contraire, elles se réunissent sous l'égide d'une autre notion, l'après-contrat. En effet, elles arborent des caractéristiques communes et subissent les mêmes altérations au niveau de leurs régimes juridiques. Malgré leur grande variété (clause, acte unilatéral, effet légal, régime de responsabilité ou de garantie), ces formes juridiques sont soumises aux deux sources primordiales que sont la loi et la volonté. Préposées à la liquidation du passé et à la préparation de l'avenir, ces formes juridiques accomplissent les mêmes fonctions : elles évaluent la situation résiduelle instable laissée par le contrat et la transforment au cours de la phase postcontractuelle jusqu'à la stabiliser. Ainsi décrite, la notion d'après-contrat est à la fois substantielle et fonctionnelle. Elle dispose d'un régime juridique autonome. Quelles que soient les raisons de l'extinction du contrat, il est possible de reconnaître un fait générateur qui éteint les obligations principales contractuelles et engendrent les obligations postcontractuelles. Un choix doit être opéré entre les différentes formes postcontractuelles à la disposition des parties à l'après-contrat. Quelle que soit la forme choisie, l'effet de l'après-contrat peut se produire. Il s'agit d'une force contraignante qui varie en fonction de l'écoulement du temps et qui impose aux parties une norme spécifique de comportement. L'après-contrat s'éteint à son tour lorsque sa mission est accomplie, c'est-à-dire lorsque tous les risques émanant du contrat initial ont été neutralisés et lorsque les parties sont totalement libérées ou au contraire lorsqu'elles sont prêtes à s'engager de nouveau
The contract is set to perform an economic operation and then expires. However, many other legal forms evolve over time as a result. These deal with remaining interests have been arised from the contract or difficulties encountered in its execution. Although they are closely related to contractual experience, these forms cannot remain attached to the notion of contract, since they go beyond the framework and the initial posture of the contract. On the other hand, they come together under the authority of another principle, the post-contract. Indeed, they share common elements and suffer from the same adjustments in their legal regime. Despite their great variety (clause, unilateral act, legal effect, regime of liability or guarantee), these legal forms are subject to the two primary sources of law and will. Dedicated to the past’s liquidation and responsible for the future, these legal forms which perform the same functions : are measuring the unstable residual situation left by the contract and transform it during the postcontractual phase until it is stabilized. Thus described, the notion of post-contract is both substantial and functional. It has an independent legal regime. Regardless the reasons for the end of the contract, it is possible to recognize a generative fact that extinguishes the main contractual obligations and leads to the postcontractual obligations. A choice must be made between the different postcontractual forms available to the parties at the post-contract. Whichever form is chosen, the effect of the post-contract may occur. It is a restrictive force that fluctuates with the passage of time and which imposes a specific rule of behavior on the parties. The post-contract expires as its own turn when its purpose has been fulfilled, i.e. when all the risks emanating from the initial contract have been neutralized and when the parties are fully discharged or, on the opposite side, when they are ready to commit themselves again

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

37

Wong, King Jye. "Moisture absorption characteristics and effects on mechanical behaviour of carbon/epoxy composite : application to bonded patch repairs of composite structures". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949293.

Texto completo

Resumen

Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire avait pour objectif d'étudier le processus de la pénétration d'eau dans les composites en carbone/époxyde dans un premier temps, et dans un deuxième temps, d'étudier l'effet de la prise en eau par ces matériaux sur les performances mécaniques des composites et leur joints collés. L'intégration de ces phénomènes physiques dans la modélisation numérique est d'une grande importance dans la prédiction de la durabilité d'une structure en composite subissant un vieillissement hygrothermique. Par conséquent, ce travail consiste non seulement en des observations expérimentales, mais aussi en des simulations numériques. Des corrélations entre les résultats obtenus permettent d'une part de mieux comprendre ce qui se passe dans un système composite avec l'assemblage collé soumis à des charges mécaniques, de l'initiation d'endommagement jusqu'à la rupture finale ; d'autre part, de valider un modèle numérique robuste dans le but de la conception et de l'optimisation. Les originalités de ce travail se situent à différents niveaux en proposant : 1. un nouveau modèle de diffusion à deux-phases permettant de mieux décrire l'effet de l'épaisseur des stratifiés sur la pénétration de l'eau; 2. un nouveau modèle RPM " Residual Property Model " afin de prévoir la dégradation des propriétés mécaniques due à la prise en eau ; 3. une nouvelle loi de traction-séparation linéaire-exponentiel pour décrire la courbe-R observée dans les essais DCB en mode I pur sur les composites stratifiés afin de les intégrer plus facilement dans les modèles numériques

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

38

Schlesinger, Nicole. "Making international criminal law: factors influencing judicial behaviour at the ICTY and ICTR". 2008. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/5603.

Texto completo

Resumen

The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) established by the UN Security Council in the early 1993 and 1994 respectively in the wake of mass atrocities commented in the Balkans and in Rwanda are arguably the first truly international criminal tribunals (ICTs). While the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals set up by the Allies to prosecute the Germans and Japanese responsible for atrocities committed during World War II provided some precedent, much of the ICTs’ substantive law had never been litigated. In addition, differences in the circumstances surrounding the two sets of prosecutions meant that the ICTs’ procedural system was effectively brand new. In this context, the role of the ICTs’ judges in progressively developing international criminal law and the international criminal justice system assumes great importance. Since the establishment of the ICTs, a permanent international criminal court and several ‘hybrid’ international courts have been created. Each of these has drawn heavily on the jurisprudence and procedural law, practices and norms of the ICTs. This further underscores the importance of understanding the development of international criminal law by ICT judges.
Studies of factors influencing the behaviour of judges have generally focused either on micro-level factors, primarily the policy position of judges, or macro-level factors, primarily the relationship between States and international courts. This thesis argues that the exploration of factors influencing judicial behaviour on both levels is important. This thesis uses a broad institutional perspective to identify the types of factors likely to be salient influences on judicial behaviour and the way in which those factors operate, in particular the way in which the ICTs as organisations operate to mediate exogenous influences.
The thesis uses a range of data sources, including interviews with judges and defence counsel to empirically explore two micro level and three macro level influences. The micro-level influences explored are judges’ national system and professional backgrounds. The macro-level influences explored are the reliance of the ICTs on States, the need for the ICTs to establish and maintain legitimacy and the broader expectations directed towards war crimes tribunals.
The thesis findings show that exploring both the micro and macro-levels provide important insights into judicial behaviour at the ICTs. The findings on the influence of the micro-level factors explored in the thesis reveal that both national system background and professional background do influence some aspects of judicial behaviour. The findings also suggest the importance of understanding the process of institutionalisation when exploring judicial behaviour and the organisational factors that facilitate or impede this. The findings on the influence of the macro-level factors explored in the thesis suggest that each of these factors do influence judicial behaviour at the ICTs in certain ways, but that the level to which the factors influence behaviour is context-contingent.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

39

Djalal, Dino Patti. "Geopolitical concepts and maritime territorial behaviour in Indonesian foreign policy". 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31368110.html.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

40

Jellinek, Eva Maria. "The Impact of the Responsibility to Protect on State Behaviour: An Analysis". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33255.

Texto completo

Resumen

The International Commission on Intervention on State Sovereignty was established with the intent of articulating more robust guidelines on how the international community should respond to humanitarian crises. In 2001, the Commission released its official report in which it proposed the creation of new concept called the Responsibility to Protect (R2P). R2P sought to make nations more willing to address humanitarian crises. This thesis examines how the concept of R2P has the potential of impacting state behaviour. Through examining its normative evolution and current impact on state behaviour, this thesis argues that while the concept clearly has led to an increase political will to react, it is occasionally limited by the surrounding political realities.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

41

Wennberg, Sofi. "Att möta aggressivt beteende hos människor drabbade av demenssjukdom : en studie i social omsorgspraxis". Thesis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-42013.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

42

Wikström, Agne. "En analys av offentlig upphandling utifrån ett samhällsperspektiv". Thesis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-41935.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

43

Heidari, Sahar y Angelica Sjödin. "Uppdragsbrevet : ett verktyg för att minska förväntningsgap?" Thesis, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-41940.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

44

Granberg, Erik y Magnus Landqvist. "Social Media Marketing’s Influence on Consumer Satisfaction". Thesis, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-41967.

Texto completo

Resumen

During the last few years social media has grown into a worldwide phenomenon and it is now a part of many peoples everyday life. Many companies therefore seek to use these platforms in order to more easily reach their customers and possible consumers. The largest and most important social media platform for this practice is Facebook. How consumers want companies to act on Facebook is an area not sufficiently covered by previous research and the purpose of this thesis is therefore to gain a better understanding of how companies could improve their actions on social media. The research questions for this thesis are:RQ1: How do consumers perceive companies’ use of social media as a channel for marketing activities?RQ2: What type of social media marketing activities generates the most consumer satisfaction?This study is an exploratory/descriptive study with a qualitative research approach and by conducting a case study based on five different semi-structured interviews data concerning the participants’ opinions regarding companies’ presence on Facebook was gathered. The conclusions reached showed that consumers are generally positive towards companies being on Facebook and the largest factor deciding whether or not a company is appreciated is the type of content the company posts and vivid and engaging content is the most appreciated. Furthermore, the results of the data analysis suggest that companies should utilize the functions offered by the platform and engage the consumers in open, two-way communication. Interactions regarding the purchasing process are also valued by the consumers, as opposed to feeling connected to the company, which the findings show that there is little interest in.
Validerat; 20150810 (global_studentproject_submitter)

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

45

Mustafa, Hakar. "”Synnerligen ömmande omständigheter” : Problemfyllda rekvisit för uppehållstillstånd". Thesis, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-49061.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

46

Jonsson, Eric. "Duglighetsstudier och mätsystemsanalys : En fallstudie enligt Sex Sigma vid Fredriksons Verkstads AB". Thesis, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-42354.

Texto completo

Resumen

Fredriksons Verkstads AB senses a tougher competition, not only by themselves but also among their customers, which is one reason to this study. In addition to the in-creasing competition customers understand the market better, which increases their demands. This report is an effect of such development, because the case company Fredriksons Verkstads AB, does strive for organizational development and to meet customers’ demands. The purpose of this study is to define the capability of a laser cutting process. The study investigates both the machine capability and if the opera-tors have any effect on the process. Parallel to the capability study, Fredriksons Verk-stads AB own routine for capability analysis was reviewed.With the aim to determine the capability, the theory of Six Sigma was practiced. This study was based on the systematic project steps of the DMAIC-cycle. With this approach it was possible to determine that two of the laser cutting machines did not perform well enough. One machine was shown to be off target regard to the expectation of the machine distributor performance promises of the machine. Further on in the analysis it was shown the operators did not influence on the process, at least no significant influence.This study included an analysis of the tools for measurement and thereby an investigation of the reliability. Based on this analysis it was possible to say that the data was measured correctly.Fredriksons Verkstads AB routine for capability test was revised. The analysis showed that the previous routine was hard to understand and to use.This study resulted in one calibrated laser cutting machine. The measurement analysis pointed out differences between the tools, which was helpful when deciding the most appropriate way to measure, depending on the specific situation. A new guideline was developed to give better support for new Six Sigma projects at Fredriksons Verkstads AB.

Validerat; 20150829 (global_studentproject_submitter)

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

47

Joseph, Sithole Makgamathe. "Hydrogen and Muonium behaviour in diamond". Diss., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2109.

Texto completo

Resumen

This work is aimed at the understanding of the dynamical behavior of hydrogen in diamond. The investigation was carried out using Transverse Field muon Spin Rotation (TF-SR) and the Longitudinal Field muon Spin Relaxation (LF-SR) techniques. The chemical analogy between hydrogen (p+e-) and muonium (u+e-) enabled the study of the indirect dynamical behavior of hydrogen in diamond. The TF-SR and LF-SR measurements were carried out in an isotopically pure 13C diamond in the temperature ranges 11 mK - 320 K and 10 K - 400 K, respectively. In the TF-SR results, the Prompt Absolute Fraction (PAF) of both diamagnetic and the paramagnetic states are temperature independent. The spin relaxation rate for the state is non-zero and temperature independent, while that of the Mux state is non-zero and temperature dependent. The behavior of indicates that the u+d is immobile, while that of MuT indicates the mobility in diamond. The LF-SR results provide hop rate and associated nuclear hyperfine interaction parameters of the Mut state in diamond.
Physics
M.Sc. (Physics)

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

48

Möller, Björö Carina. "Arbetsterapeuters erfarenhet av hur miljön används i interventioner vid rehabilitering av personer med utmattningssyndrom". Thesis, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-47225.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

49

Dadkhah, Hooman y Maryam Samari. "Attracting Donations : How Iranian Charity Organizations Promote to Attract Donation?" Thesis, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-47416.

Texto completo

Resumen

Non-Profit Organizations (NPO), also called the third sector, are organizations that do not aim to generate revenue and, as the name suggests, profit making is not their goal. However, like any other organization, they have expenses to cover in order to reach their goals. Thus, these organizations have to focus on fund-raising besides the main goals of the organizations. In order to make money, these organizations have to conduct marketing communications. Hence, NPOs marketing communication involves objectives and tools. Iranian NPOs have been active in the last couple of years and they used fund-raising activities in order to attract public funds. They majorly focus on public and social problems and their main aim is to increase public awareness and help people of the society in particular ways. After reviewing the previous studies in the marketing communication, we have come up with the topic, which focuses on the marketing communications of NPOs in Iran. The main goal of this study is to find out the marketing communication objectives and tools of NPOs in Iran. We have used a case study approach in our qualitative research method and our study was conducted on two major NPOs in Iran. After analyzing the collected data, we have come up with the final conclusions. Our study reveals that NPOs main objective is fund-raising and variety marketing communication tools are used by NPOs in order to attract funds. To do so, the NPOs use both digital and traditional marketing communication tools.

Validerat; 20160607 (marikav)

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

50

Fakheri, Shirin y Maryam Nikpour. "Employment turnover from the perspective of managers in 5 Star Hotels in Tehran : Front Desk". Thesis, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-49955.

Texto completo

Resumen

The hospitality and tourism industry is a progressively important part of the all countries because of its effect on economy. One of the important factors regarding this industry is the importance of employees’ impact on service quality, raising income and satisfying guests. Also this industry is known for its high rate of turnover. In hotels guests interact directly with hotel staff and usually it starts from reservation and front desk departments, so that the front office personnel play an important role of making the first picture of hotel in guests' mind. The purpose of this study is to find the factors, which lead an employee to make a decision of leaving a hotel front desk. The data in this study is collected in qualitative format, using semi-structured interviews to gather information. Since the purpose of this study is to understand managers’ point of view, all the interviews were taken from managers. General managers, human resource managers and front desk managers were selected from all 5 star hotels in Tehran to be interviewed. The finding of this thesis indicates that all eight presented factors in frame of reference are true in 5 star hotels in Tehran. Also there are other indicators such as marriage, different work shift schedule, not having related academic background, immigration and starting family business.

Validerat; 20160607 (marikav)

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Tesis sobre el tema "Behaviour law"

Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros