Artículos de revistas: "Berberis thunbergii"

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Říha, Martin, Petr Salaš y Vojtěch Řezníček. "Study of propagation of Berberis thunbergii L. by cuttings, with using less-known methods of stimulation". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 55, n.º 4 (2007): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200755040053.

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The different type of own produce stimulators were tested at Berberis thunbergii L. 'Green Carpet', Berberis thunbergii 'Red Shift' and Berberis thunbergii 'Aureum'. We used the combination of growing inhibitors and quick-dip method, single quick-dip metod in solution of acetone and stimulant in form of gel. Groving inhibitors is including paclobutrazol and CCC in test. We used IBK, NAA, IAA and nicotin acid as auxins in quick-dip method. Medium was aceton solution.

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Karhu, S. T. y K. L. Hakala. "MICROPROPAGATION OF BERBERIS THUNBERGII". Acta Horticulturae, n.º 289 (abril de 1991): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1991.289.23.

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Och, Anna, Katarzyna Szewczyk, Łukasz Pecio, Anna Stochmal, Daniel Załuski y Anna Bogucka-Kocka. "UPLC-MS/MS Profile of Alkaloids with Cytotoxic Properties of Selected Medicinal Plants of the Berberidaceae and Papaveraceae Families". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9369872.

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Cancer is one of the most occurring diseases in developed and developing countries. Plant-based compounds are still researched for their anticancer activity and for their quantity in plants. Therefore, the modern chromatographic methods are applied to quantify them in plants, for example, UPLC-MS/MS (ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the content of sanguinarine, berberine, protopine, and chelidonine in Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem., Fumaria officinalis L., Glaucium flavum Crantz, Corydalis cava L., Berberis thunbergii DC., Meconopsis cambrica (L.) Vig., Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt., Macleaya cordata Willd., and Chelidonium majus L. For the first time, N,N-dimethyl-hernovine was identified in M. cambrica, B. thunbergii, M. aquifolium, C. cava, G. flavum, and C. majus; methyl-hernovine was identified in G. flavum; columbamine was identified in B. thunbergii; and methyl-corypalmine, chelidonine, and sanguinarine were identified in F. officinalis L. The richest source of protopine among all the examined species was M. cordata (5463.64 ± 26.3 μg/g). The highest amounts of chelidonine and sanguinarine were found in C. majus (51,040.0 ± 1.8 μg/g and 7925.8 ± 3.3 μg/g, resp.), while B. thunbergi contained the highest amount of berberine (6358.4 ± 4.2 μg/g).

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Och, Anna, Daniel Zalewski, Łukasz Komsta, Przemysław Kołodziej, Janusz Kocki y Anna Bogucka-Kocka. "Cytotoxic and Proapoptotic Activity of Sanguinarine, Berberine, and Extracts of Chelidonium majus L. and Berberis thunbergii DC. toward Hematopoietic Cancer Cell Lines". Toxins 11, n.º 9 (23 de agosto de 2019): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11090485.

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Isoquinoline alkaloids belong to the toxic secondary metabolites occurring in plants of many families. The high biological activity makes these compounds promising agents for use in medicine, particularly as anticancer drugs. The aim of our study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and proapoptotic activity of sanguinarine, berberine, and extracts of Chelidonium majus L. and Berberis thunbergii DC. IC10, IC50, and IC90 doses were established toward hematopoietic cancer cell lines using trypan blue staining. Alterations in the expression of 18 apoptosis-related genes in cells exposed to IC10, IC50, and IC90 were evaluated using real-time PCR. Sanguinarine and Chelidonium majus L. extract exhibit significant cytotoxicity against all studied cell lines. Lower cytotoxic activity was demonstrated for berberine. Berberis thunbergii DC. extract had no influence on cell viability. Berberine, sanguinarine, and Chelidonium majus L. extract altered the expression of apoptosis-related genes in all tested cell lines, indicating the induction of apoptosis. The presented study confirmed the substantial cytotoxicity and proapoptotic activity of sanguinarine, berberine, and Chelidonium majus L. extract toward the studied hematopoietic cell lines, which indicates the utility of these substances in anticancer therapy.

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Lubell, J. D., M. H. Brand, J. M. Lehrer y K. E. Holsinger. "Detecting the influence of ornamental Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea in invasive populations of Berberis thunbergii (Berberidaceae) using AFLP1". American Journal of Botany 95, n.º 6 (20 de mayo de 2008): 700–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.2007336.

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Lubell, Jessica D. y Mark H. Brand. "Germination, growth and survival of Berberis thunbergii DC. (Berberidaceae) and Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea in five natural environments". Biological Invasions 13, n.º 1 (9 de junio de 2010): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9796-6.

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Link, Arthur F., Trey Turnblacer, Cierra K. Snyder, Sarah E. Daugherty y Ryan M. Utz. "Low Recruitment of Native Trees in a Deciduous Forest Associated with Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) Invasion". Invasive Plant Science and Management 11, n.º 1 (6 de febrero de 2018): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2018.1.

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AbstractInvasive plants may dramatically impact forest ecosystems by establishing dense populations and suppressing the recruitment of native tree species. One invasive shrub currently spreading throughout eastern deciduous forests of North America, Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC), may be limiting tree recruitment in stands where it invades. Once established, B. thunbergii becomes densely populated within forest understories and suppresses native plants by competing for limited resources, altering soil conditions, and changing the understory microclimate. To quantify native seedling inhibition caused by B. thunbergii invasion, we conducted an observational study on seedling abundance within forest plots that were either invaded or not invaded by B. thunbergii and used survey data to generate Bayesian models of native seedling densities along gradients of increasing B. thunbergii stem counts and aboveground plant dry mass. Model outputs predicted that B. thunbergii–invaded plots had 82% lower seedling densities compared with uninvaded plots. Native tree seedling densities were very low even in areas with moderate B. thunbergii density, suggesting that reduced tree seedling densities are observed even at low densities of invasion. Our findings indicate that forests invaded with B. thunbergii harbor substantially lower densities of native tree seedlings, with potentially significant long-term consequences for forest ecological integrity, biodiversity, and ecosystem services.

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Fernández-Poyatos, Ruiz-Medina, Zengin y Llorent-Martínez. "Phenolic Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties of Berberis thunbergii DC. Leaves: A Valuable Source of Phenolic Acids". Molecules 24, n.º 22 (17 de noviembre de 2019): 4171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224171.

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: Berberis species are known for their use in traditional medicine. Here, we report the phenolic composition and bioactivity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Berberis thunbergii DC. leaves. The phenolic profiling and the quantitation of the main compounds were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometry detections. The most abundant compounds in both extracts were caffeoylquinic acids (chlorogenic acid, particularly, with a concentration of 90.1–101.3 mg g−1 dried extract), followed by caffeoylglucaric acids and quercetin glycosides. Antioxidant and radical scavenging assays (phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, metal chelating activity), as well as enzyme inhibitory assays (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase, glucosidase, and lipase), were carried out to evaluate the potential bioactivity of B. thunbergii. The methanolic extract presented the highest antioxidant and radical scavenging values, in agreement with its higher phenolic content. Regarding enzyme inhibitory potential, the methanolic extract was also more potent than the aqueous one. Hence, B. thunbergii leaves represent a suitable candidate for the preparation of pharmaceutical or nutraceutical products.

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Boyd, Jennifer Nagel, Cheng-Yuan Xu y Kevin L. Griffin. "Cost-effectiveness of leaf energy and resource investment of invasive Berberis thunbergii and co-occurring native shrubs". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2009): 2109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-128.

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Photosynthetic energy gain and biomass energy and resource investment represent trade-offs between potential enhancements and limitations to plant productivity, respectively. We compared these characteristics in the exotic invasive Berberis thunbergii DC. with that of co-occurring natives Kalmia latifolia L. and Vaccinium corymbosum L. in a northeastern United States forest. We hypothesized that invasion by B. thunbergii could be facilitated by a lower leaf construction cost (CC) and reduced leaf nitrogen content (N) relative to photosynthetic rate (A) and maximum photosynthetic capacity (Amax), which would afford it greater energy-use efficiency (EUE) and nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE), and maximums of these variables (EUEmax and NUEmax), compared with native shrubs. Although B. thunbergii and K. latifolia exhibited similar peak-season A and Amax, EUE, EUEmax, and NUEmax were greater in B. thunbergii, which exhibited lower leaf CC and density. In contrast, EUE, EUEmax, NUE, and NUEmax did not differ between B. thunbergii and V. corymbosum given their similar A, Amax, and area-based leaf CC and leaf N. Considered with leaf phenology, our results suggest two distinct physiological mechanisms could influence B. thunbergii invasion. Specifically, deciduous B. thunbergii exhibited greater cost-effectiveness than evergreen K. latifolia, while a longer payback time for photosynthetic energy gain could offset instantaneous similarities in cost-effectiveness of earlier leafing B. thunbergii and deciduous V. corymbosum.

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Gudžinskas, Zigmantas, Lukas Petrulaitis y Egidijus Žalneravičius. "New woody alien plant species recorded in Lithuania". Botanica Lithuanica 23, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2017): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/botlit-2017-0017.

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AbstractMany woody plant species that originate from various regions of the world have been introduced in other regions or continents and are used in ornamental gardening, silviculture, erosion control, for fruit sources or other purposes. Woody plants selected for introduction usually originate from regions with similar climate conditions; therefore, after certain time lag they start to spread outside places of cultivation, become naturalized or even invasive. In addition to 77 woody alien plant species reported in Lithuania, ten new species were recorded and analysed in this paper. Information on the native and anthropogenic ranges, first record in Lithuania, size of populations, habitats, reproduction and naturalization of Aralia elata, Berberis thunbergii, Caragana frutex, Celastrus orbiculatus, Cornus alba, Cytisus austriacus, Hydrangea arborescens, Pinus strobus, Rhus typhina and Thuja occidentalis is presented. All these species have been introduced intentionally and are used mainly in ornamental gardening. Three of the reported species, Berberis thunbergii, Hydrangea arborescens and Thuja occidentalis, currently are casual species. Remaining seven species were recognized as naturalized in Lithuania, and five of these, i.e. Aralia elata, Celastrus orbiculatus, Cornus alba, Pinus strobus and Rhus typhina as well as Berberis thunbergii, which currently is treated as a casual, have very high or high probability of getting invasive. Constant survey of potential habitats, detection of new escaped alien plants, particularly of trees and shrubs, is the best way to reveal potentially dangerous species and make timely decisions for their control or eradication, if necessary.

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Lebuhn, Gretchen y Gregory J. Anderson. "Anther Tripping and Pollen Dispensing in Berberis thunbergii". American Midland Naturalist 131, n.º 2 (abril de 1994): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2426251.

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Lehrer, Jonathan M. y Mark H. Brand. "Purple-leaved Japanese Barberry (var. atropurpurea) Genotypes Become Visually Indistinguishable from Greenleaved Genotypes (Berberis thunbergii DC.) at Low Light Levels". Journal of Environmental Horticulture 28, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2010): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-28.3.187.

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Abstract Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) is a popular nursery plant that has escaped from cultivation to establish invasive populations across the United States. Previous studies demonstrate that green-leaved feral plants adapt successfully to low light levels. The leaf color phenotype of purple-leaved Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea) seedlings grown under shaded conditions was studied to determine their appearance under low light conditions typical of wooded areas often invaded by barberry. Seedlings from B. thunbergii var. atropurpurea were grown in full sunlight and under three shade treatments (36, 50 and 72%). Seedlings were also grown in full sunlight and under two higher shade treatments (85 and 95%) in a second study. The hue angle of purple seedlings increased from a mean of 22.3 in full sun to 86.9 at 72% shade, reflecting a color change from violet-purple to green-umber. Foliage color also became more vivid and lighter as shading increased. All purple genotype seedlings appeared green when grown at 95% shade due to lack of anthocyanin production at this light exposure. Escaped barberry seedlings originating from landscape plants of var. atropurpurea may not be recognized as purple-leaved forms when they invade densely shaded woodland environments.

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Emsweller, Lauren N., David L. Gorchov, Qi Zhang, Angela G. Driscoll y Michael R. Hughes. "Seed Rain and Disturbance Impact Recruitment of Invasive Plants in Upland Forest". Invasive Plant Science and Management 11, n.º 2 (junio de 2018): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2018.14.

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AbstractA critical question in invasion biology involves the relative importance of propagule rain and community invasibility. For plant invasions, invasibility is often related to disturbance, but few studies of forest invaders have simultaneously investigated both canopy and ground-level disturbance. We investigated the relative importance of seed rain, canopy disturbance, and soil disturbance in a mature forest in Maryland on the recruitment of four invasive species: wine raspberry (Rubus phoenicolasiusMaxim.), Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergiiDC), multiflora rose (Rosa multifloraThunb.), and Japanese stiltgrass [Microstegium vimineum(Trin.) A. Camus]. Using complete censuses of a 9-ha plot at two points in time (2011–12 and 2014), we mapped new recruits, and related their locations to canopy and soil disturbance, as well as to a seed rain index based on locations of reproducing plants and seed-dispersal kernels.We found that propagule rain, as measured by the seed rain index, was a significant predictor of recruitment forB. thunbergii,R. phoenicolasius, andM. vimineum. ForR. multiflora, seed sources were not located, precluding assessment of propagule rain, but recruitment was linked to canopy disturbance, as was recruitment ofM. vimineum. However, because reproduction ofR. phoenicolasiusand, in some years, ofB. thunbergiiis higher in treefall gaps, these gaps experience higher propagule rain, with the result that recruitment is indirectly associated with these gaps. Ground-layer disturbance was an important predictor of recruitment only forB. thunbergii. Our findings reveal that the importance of propagule rain is the most consistent driver of recruitment, but canopy or ground-layer disturbance promotes recruitment of some invasive plant species.

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Côté, Marie-José y Lisa Leduc. "Molecular Identification of Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) Cultivars Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism". HortScience 42, n.º 3 (junio de 2007): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.3.478.

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Plants of the genus Berberis have been forbidden entry in Canada because common barberry (Berberis vulgaris) is an alternate host for black stem rust of wheat. Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii), an ornamental shrub appreciated for its hardiness and attractiveness, is generally considered immune to rust. Therefore, the Canadian government has established a program allowing importation of 11 approved Japanese barberry cultivars. The success of the program relies on the proper identification of the approved varieties, which may not always be possible when the plant is dormant or missing some essential morphologic criteria. Therefore, a cultivar verification method has been established using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping technique. The method was validated using DNA extracted from 41 plants sampled across the country and representing 23 Japanese barberry cultivars and representative of the 11 approved cultivars. The method successfully differentiated and confirmed the identity of all approved cultivars. Furthermore, the method was able to detect and identify two of six samples submitted for cultivar verification as mislabeled by the exporter because the AFLP patterns generated did not correspond to their reference cultivar patterns.

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Utz, Ryan M., Alysha Slater, Hannah R. Rosche y Walter P. Carson. "Do dense layers of invasive plants elevate the foraging intensity of small mammals in temperate deciduous forests? A case study from Pennsylvania, USA". NeoBiota 56 (14 de mayo de 2020): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.56.49581.

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Monospecific stands of invasive plants can dramatically restructure habitat for fauna, thereby elevating population densities or promoting foraging of consumer species who benefit in the altered habitat. For example, dense stands of invasive plants may protect small mammals from predators, which in turn could increase foraging pressure on seeds that small mammals feed upon. We used a before-after, control-impact experimental design to test whether small mammal capture rates were higher and giving-up densities (GUDs) lower beneath dense stands of Berberis thunbergii, an invasive shrub with a rapidly expanding range throughout eastern North America. Our experimental design included three plot categories: 1) plots heavily invaded by B. thunbergii, 2) control plots lacking invasive shrub cover, and 3) invaded plots where we eradicated B. thunbergii midway through the study. Although our overall small mammal capture rate was low, small mammal captures were 65% higher in B. thunbergii invaded habitat relative to control plots and eradication lowered capture rates by 77%. GUDs were also 26% higher within B. thunbergii relative to control plots and eradication decreased GUDs by 65%. Our findings suggest that small mammals perceive dense stands of B. thunbergii as relatively safe foraging habitat. Prior surveys within our study locations revealed dramatically depressed tree seedling densities under B. thunbergii, thus invasive plants may promote intensive foraging by small mammals and reduce recruitment for species with foraged seeds or seedlings.

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Allen, Jenica M., Samuel G. Obae, Mark H. Brand, John A. Silander, Kenneth L. Jones, Schyler O. Nunziata y Stacey L. Lance. "Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Berberis thunbergii (Berberidaceae)". American Journal of Botany 99, n.º 5 (mayo de 2012): e220-e222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1100530.

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Chadzinikolau, Tamara, Monika Kozłowska y Mirosław Mleczek. "Induction of phytochelatins and flavonoids in cadmium polluted Berberis thunbergii". Dendrobiology 77 (11 de abril de 2017): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/denbio.077.011.

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Villinski, Jacquelyn, Elizabeth Dumas, Hee-Byung Chai, John Pezzuto, Cindy Angerhofer y Stefan Gafner. "Antibacterial Activity and Alkaloid Content ofBerberis thunbergii,Berberis vulgarisandHydrastis canadensis". Pharmaceutical Biology 41, n.º 8 (enero de 2003): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880200390500768.

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Khamidov, I. I., S. F. Aripova, A. Karimov y M. M. Yusupov. "Berberis alkaloids. XL. An investigation of the alkaloids ofBerberis thunbergii". Chemistry of Natural Compounds 33, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1997): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02254817.

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N.I., Sushynska y Korshykov I.I. "The content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves of Berberis thunbergii forms in the Kherson region". Chornomorski Botanical Journal 15, n.º 4 (6 de febrero de 2020): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu1990-553x/2019-15-4-5.

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Obae, Samuel G., Mark H. Brand y Richard C. Kaitany. "Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers to Confirm Identity and Correct Labeling of Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) Cultivars in the Market". HortScience 48, n.º 2 (febrero de 2013): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.2.150.

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Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) is a popular ornamental shrub used in garden and urban landscaping. Currently there are over 60 B. thunbergii cultivars in the market. To better distinguish its cultivars, we used the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique to develop DNA marker profiles for 59 cultivars and hybrids. These markers were used to authenticate the trueness-to-name of B. thunbergii cultivars in production and in the market, control for intracultivar genetic variants, and develop a molecular key to identify cultivars approved for importation in Canada. Polymorphic markers from seven primer combinations were able to clearly differentiate 57 of 59 cultivars evaluated. Two cultivars, Aurea and Aurea Nana, could not be differentiated because they had identical marker profiles. Among the 274 plants tested, 263 were confirmed to be true-to-name and correctly labeled, whereas 11 plants could not be confirmed true-to-name. Seven of the 20 cultivars evaluated exhibited detectable intracultivar genetic variation. ‘Crimson Pygmy’ had the highest number of plants exhibiting genetic variability. Overall, nursery producers and retailers do not appear to be mixing or mislabeling cultivars. A molecular key developed from a subset of 25 markers was able to accurately identify and differentiate the 11 B. thunbergii cultivars approved for importation in Canada. This key could be used in a cultivar verification program to facilitate international trade of B. thunbergii cultivars where wheat rust is a concern.

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Lehrer, Jonathan M. y Mark H. Brand. "Cultivars of Invasive Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) Demonstrate Different Reproductive Potential and Seedling Traits". HortScience 40, n.º 4 (julio de 2005): 1106A—1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1106a.

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While Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) is an acknowledged invasive plant, the danger posed by its garden cultivars is unknown. This work analyzed the reproductive potential and seedling traits of wild type Japanese barberry and four important cultivars: `Atropurpurea', `Aurea', `Crimson Pygmy', and `Rose Glow'. The germination capacity of cleaned and stratified seeds was determined for all accessions in a greenhouse and seedling foliage color was noted. A subpopulation of seedlings from each accession was grown further in containers outdoors for a full season to ascertain seedling vigor. The average number of seeds produced per landscape specimen ranged from 75 and 90 for `Aurea' and `Crimson Pygmy' to 2967 for `Atropurpurea', 726 for `Rose Glow', and 1135 for wild type B. thunbergii. The vigor of 1-year seedlings—as measured by dry weight of top growth—for progeny derived from `Aurea' (2.29 g) and `Crimson Pygmy' (2.74 g) was less than `Atropurpurea' (3.45 g), `Rose Glow' (3.88 g) and wild type (3.73 g). Seedlings derived from purple-leaf cultivars displayed variable ratios of green and purple leaf phenotype correlated to the proximity and identity of likely Japanese barberry pollinators. `Rose Glow' specimens located among other purple-leaf B. thunbergii produced up to 90% purple seedlings, while other samples growing in isolation or near green-leaf plants produced less than 10% purple progeny. This suggests that some invasive green-leaf Japanese barberry could be derived from cultivars. The results also show that these cultivars express disparate reproductive potential.

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Korshykov, I. I. y N. I. Sushynska. "СЕЗОННА ДИНАМІКА ВМІСТУ ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧНИХ ПІГМЕНТІВ У СТРОКАТОЛИСТИХ ФОРМ BERBERIS THUNBERGII DC." Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 77, n.º 3 (24 de septiembre de 2019): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.19.3.8.

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The work deals with the peculiarities of seasonal dynamics of the content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves and their parts with various colouring in variegated-leaf forms of Berberis thunbergii DC. Three forms were studied: green-leaf, purple-leaf 'Harlequin', and form 'Coronita', which has three colour patterns of leaves and their different parts (peripheral and central) with substantial differences in colouring. The photosynthetic pigments were extracted from leaves and their parts using dimethyl sulphoxide; in given extracts, the quantity of these pigments was measured by spectrophotometer SF-2000. We determined general and specific peculiarities of the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids in the leaves of one- and two-year-old shoots of three forms of B. thunbergii during growth and heterogeneity of their quantity in differently coloured parts of the leaf blade of 'Coronita'. In the yellow margins of pink-coloured leaves of one-year-old shoots of “Coronita”, the content of green and yellow pigment was usually lower than in the peripheral part of purple-coloured leaves. The maximum content of both types of photosynthetic pigments in this part of leaves of one- and two-year-old shoots was noted in the first half of the growing season. The same applies to the middle parts of the pink- and purple-coloured leaves; the lowest content of the pigments is typical of hot and dry months. The yellow-green- and brown-coloured leaves of form 'Coronita' differ from the other two leaf types in that the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids is at the highest in the second half of the growing season, and it is significantly higher. The ratio of chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b in the leaves of three forms recorded in September-October increases in comparison with such ratio in May-July. It shows that, at the end of the growing season, catabolism of chlorophyll b takes place faster than one of chlorophyll a. With regard to the ratio chlorophyll/sum of carotenoids, this index decreases in autumn in comparison with the first half of the growing season; it shows that green pigments have more active catabolism than yellow ones. The maximum content of chlorophyll in the leaves of B. thunbergii is generally recorded in the first half of the growing season; this index decreases in the hot and dry second half, but when the heat drops, the quantity of carotenoids increases slightly. In this regard, variegated-leavf form 'Coronita' stands out; it is characterized by high endogenic variability in the content of pigments within leaf blades depending on the colouring of different parts of a leaf.

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Hussain, Nusrat, Achyut Adhikari, Malik Shoaib Ahmad, Atia-tul Wahab, Meher Ali y M. Iqbal Choudhary. "Two new prenylated flavonoids from the roots of Berberis thunbergii DC." Natural Product Research 31, n.º 7 (27 de octubre de 2016): 785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2016.1244195.

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Ward, Jeffrey S., Thomas E. Worthley y Scott C. Williams. "Controlling Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC) in southern New England, USA". Forest Ecology and Management 257, n.º 2 (enero de 2009): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.032.

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Nichelmann, Lars y Wolfgang Bilger. "Quantification of light screening by anthocyanins in leaves of Berberis thunbergii". Planta 246, n.º 6 (11 de agosto de 2017): 1069–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-017-2752-2.

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Zhang, Chuan-Rui, Robert E. Schutzki y Muraleedharan G. Nair. "Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Compounds in the Popular Landscape Plant Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea". Natural Product Communications 8, n.º 2 (febrero de 2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800207.

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Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea. DC is one of the popular landscape plants in the USA, but until now lacked report on its chemical composition and biological properties. In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract and pure isolates of B. thunbergii var. atropurpurea, Crimson Pygmy, roots were evaluated using established bioassay procedures. The methanolic extract gave an absorbance value of 0.44 at 250 μg/mL concentration in the MTT assay. In addition, the extract inhibited lipid peroxidation (LPO) by 93% and the cyclooxygenase enzymes, COX-1 by 54 and COX-2 by 34%, at 100 μg/mL concentration. Therefore, a bioactivity-guided purification was carried out yielding pure isolates, out of which compounds 3-6 inhibited LPO by 34-66% at 100 μg/mL concentration. Similarly, compounds 1-6 inhibited COX-1 and −2 by 24-65 and 23-43% at 25 μg/mL concentration, respectively. This is the first report of the chemical constituents and biological activities of this plant.

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Murphree, B. H., J. L. Sibley, D. J. Eakes y J. M. Ruter. "Critical Heat Thresholds for Root Tissue of Two Golden Barberry Cultivars". HortScience 33, n.º 3 (junio de 1998): 512b—512. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.512b.

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Limited information exists for container production of golden barberry cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate root thermostability of container-grown Berberis thunbergii `Monlers' (Gold Nugget™) and Berberis sp. `Bailsel' (Golden Carousel™). Bare root cuttings were planted in 2.7-L containers in an amended 6 pinebark: 1 sand (v/v) substrate in Apr. 1997. Plants were grown under overhead irrigation for 6 months in a completely randomized block design. Young, unsuberized root tips (1.0–2.5 cm), were subjected to temperature treatments from 20 to 63 °C in a thermostatically controlled water bath prior to electrolyte leakage determinations. `Golden Carousel' was more heat-tolerant (critical temperature midpoint = 49.4 ± 0.3 °C) than `Monlers' (critical temperature midpoint = 48.0 ± 0.4 °C). Implications of these differences for container production will be discussed.

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Gilliam, C. H., D. C. Fare y A. Beasley. "Nontarget Herbicide Losses from Application of Granular Ronstar to Container Nurseries". Journal of Environmental Horticulture 10, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 1992): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-10.3.175.

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Abstract With empty containers, nontarget herbicide loss was 23 percent when the containers were spaced container to container. Spacing the containers on 20 (8 in) and 30 cm (12 in) centers resulted in nontarget losses of 51 and 80 percent loss respectively. Nontarget losses were similar when a dense canopy plant (Rhododendron × ‘Trouper’) and an open canopy plant (Berberis thunbergii ‘Crimson Pygmy’) were spaced container to container or on 20 (8 in) or 30 cm (12 in) spacings.

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30

Rounsaville, Todd J. y Thomas G. Ranney. "Ploidy Levels and Genome Sizes of Berberis L. and Mahonia Nutt. Species, Hybrids, and Cultivars". HortScience 45, n.º 7 (julio de 2010): 1029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.7.1029.

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An extensive survey of genome sizes and ploidy levels was conducted for a diverse collection of Berberis and Mahonia taxa (Berberidaceae). Propidium iodide flow cytometric analysis was conducted using Pisum sativum L. ‘Ctirad’ (2C DNA = 8.76 pg) as an internal standard to determine genome sizes. Mean 1CX genome sizes varied between the two Mahonia subgenera (Occidentales = 1.17 ± 0.02, Orientales = 1.27 ± 0.01), whereas those of Berberis subgenera were similar (Australes = 1.45 ± 0.03, Septentrionales = 1.47 ± 0.02) and each significantly larger than those of Mahonia. Traditional cytology was performed on representative species to calibrate genome sizes with ploidy levels. Polyploidy among both wild and cultivated taxa was found to be rare. Although the majority of species were determined to be diploid with 2n = 2x = 28, artificially induced autopolyploid Berberis thunbergii seedlings were confirmed to be tetraploid and an accession of Mahonia nervosa was confirmed to be hexaploid. Genome size and ploidy level reports for the majority of taxa sampled are presented for the first time and are intended to be of use to plant breeders, ecologists, and systematists.

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31

Lehrer, Jonathan M., Mark H. Brand y Jessica D. Lubell. "Seedling Populations Produced by Colored-leaf Genotypes of Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) Contain Seedlings with Green Leaf Phenotype". Journal of Environmental Horticulture 24, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2006): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-24.3.133.

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Abstract The leaf color of seedling populations derived from ornamental genotypes of Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) was evaluated to determine whether nursery selections of this important landscape plant could be expected to produce green-leaf progeny or seedlings with leaf color resembling the purple-leaf or yellow-leaf parent. This is a compelling inquiry since nearly all B. thunbergii plants found within invasive populations possess green foliage and the potential contribution of seedlings by ornamental purple-and yellow-leaf genotypes is unknown. Seed lots collected from cultivated barberry genotypes located in landscape settings were processed and raised in a greenhouse to observe leaf color phenotype. It was found that all genotypes studied produced at least some green seedlings. The percentage of green progeny produced varied widely by genotype. Green-leaf cultivars yielded close to 100% green seedlings and all purple-and yellow-leaf forms produced at least 20% green offspring. Among purple-leaf genotype accessions located adjacent to potential purple-leaf pollen donors, var. atropurpurea produced significantly fewer green seedlings (18.5%) than ‘Crimson Pygmy’ (71%) and ‘Rose Glow’ (45%). ‘Rose Glow’ individuals growing adjacent to other purple Japanese barberry forms produced significantly fewer green seedlings (45%) than ‘Rose Glow’ accessions that were isolated from additional purple Japanese barberry (88%). This study demonstrates that some invasive green-leaf B. thunbergii could be derived from popular garden forms since purple- and yellow-leaf genotypes readily produce green-leaf offspring which resemble feral barberry. These findings do not, however, provide any definitive link between cultivated and naturalized Japanese barberry.

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Ingram, Dewayne L., David Zimet, Steven Still y Larry J. Kuhns. "Production of Pre-finished Northern Woody Plants in Florida". Journal of Environmental Horticulture 7, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 1989): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-7.2.65.

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Abstract The physiological and economic feasibility of producing pre-finished woody landscape plants normally considered restricted to northern climates in the southern states was investigated. Several years of work in Florida indicates that this production scheme is feasible for Ilex × meserveae S.Y. Hu ‘Blue Prince’, Viburnum opulus L., V. × juddii Rehd. and Berberis thunbergii DC. ‘Crimson Pigmy’. Euonymus alata Thunb. ‘Compacta’, Acer rubrum L., Magnolia × soulangiana Soul. -Bod. and Hamamelis virginiana L. were not viable candidates under production practices considered to date. The estimated costs for producing these plants in 930 cm3 (1 qt) containers is $0.66, with about 38% of this cost associated with labor.

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33

Cho, S. E., S. H. Lee, S. T. Seo, C. K. Lee y H. D. Shin. "First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe berberidicola on Berberis thunbergii in Korea". Plant Disease 102, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2018): 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-18-0302-pdn.

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34

HARRINGTON, ROBIN A., JAMES H. FOWNES y TIMOTHY M. CASSIDY. "Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) in Forest Understory: Leaf and Whole Plant Responses to Nitrogen Availability". American Midland Naturalist 151, n.º 2 (abril de 2004): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2004)151[0206:jbbtif]2.0.co;2.

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35

Brand, Mark H., Jonathan M. Lehrer y Jessica D. Lubell. "Fecundity of Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) Cultivars and Their Ability to Invade a Deciduous Woodland". Invasive Plant Science and Management 5, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2012): 464–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-12-00029.1.

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AbstractJapanese barberry is an important landscape shrub that has a demonstrated potential to be invasive in ∼30 states across the central and northern United States. Forty-six cultivars were evaluated for their potential to produce fruits and seeds in a randomized, replicated field planting. Seeds from a subset of cultivars were evaluated for their ability to germinate and survive as seedlings in a deciduous woodland. Seed production for cultivars varied from no seeds to more than 12,000 seeds plant−1 and the number of seeds per fruit ranged from 0.1 to 1.8. Five cultivars produced fewer than 100 seeds plant−1, and two cultivars failed to produce fruit. When plants were allowed to mature for 4 to 5 yr beyond the first evaluation time, cultivars exhibited significant increases in fruits per plant, producing as much as 35,000 fruits plant−1 (‘Sparkle’). ‘Golden Devine’ and ‘Red Chief’, fruitless cultivars at the first evaluation, produced 165 and 20 fruit plant−1, respectively, at the follow-up evaluation, demonstrating that long-term evaluation of cultivars is necessary to accurately assess sterility. Between 12.5 and 31% cultivar seed sown in a deciduous woodland germinated, and seedlings survived at rates between 5.6 and 29.3%. Coupling cultivar seed-production data with germination and survival data in a deciduous woodland suggests that even cultivars producing as few as 100 seeds annually have the potential to contribute a few seedlings each year to a natural area.

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36

Pavlova, Nadia, Victoria Ovseyenko, Valentina Rukasevych y Nina Sushynska. "Morphological and anatomical characteristics of Berberis thunbergii DC «Rose Glow» in the South of Ukraine". Chornomorski Botanical Journal 9, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2013): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14255/2308-9628/13.94/4.

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37

Berchielli-Robertson, Diana L., Charles H. Gilliam y Donna C. Fare. "Competitive Effects of Weeds on the Growth of Container-grown Plants". HortScience 25, n.º 1 (enero de 1990): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.1.77.

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A 2-year study evaluated the effects of three weed species: eclipta [Eclipta alba (L.) Hasskarl], prostrate spurge (Euphorbia supina Raf.), and wood sorrel (Oxalis stricta L.) on growth of container-grown `Gumpo White Sport' azalea (Rhododendron eriocarpum), R. x `Fashion', and Berberis thunbergii DC. var. atropurpurea `Crimson Pigmy'. Competitiveness among weed species as ranked from greatest to least was eclipta, prostrate spurge, and wood sorrel. Greater populations of eclipta and prostrate spurge resulted in decreased shoot dry weight of `Fashion' and `Gumpo White Sport' azalea. Prostrate spurge had a similar effect on `Crimson Pigmy' barberry in both small (3.8-liter) and large (15.2-liter) containers, while eclipta reduced shoot dry weight of barberry only in large containers. Wood sorrel had little effect on shoot dry weight of `Fashion' and `Gumpo White Sport' azalea.

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38

Ward, Jeffrey S., Scott C. Williams y Thomas E. Worthley. "Effectiveness of Two-Stage Control Strategies for Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) Varies by Initial Clump Size". Invasive Plant Science and Management 3, n.º 1 (mayo de 2010): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-09-00003.1.

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AbstractJapanese barberry is listed as an invasive shrub in 20 states and four Canadian provinces. Control of Japanese barberry was evaluated using several two-step processes over 16 mo using a total of 1,100 clumps at six study areas. Initial treatments in spring (prescribed burning, mechanical mowing with a brush saw or rotary wood shredder) reduced the size of established barberry clumps. Follow-up treatments in midsummer to kill new ramets that developed from surviving root crowns were foliar applications of triclopyr or glyphosate, directed heating with a propane torch, and untreated controls. Mortality was defined as the absence of ramets from a root crown and not the mortality of individual ramets of a given clump. Clump mortality and size of new ramets did not differ among initial treatments. However, larger clumps had higher survival and larger sprouts than smaller clumps 16 mo after initial treatment. Effectiveness of follow-up treatments varied by clump size. Two follow-up treatments of directed heating using propane torches were as effective as herbicides for clumps that were initially smaller than 120 cm. For clumps with pretreatment sizes of 120 cm and larger, clump mortality following herbicide treatments (90%) and directed heating (65%) was greater than for clumps that had no follow-up treatments (35%). Although clump sizes did not differ between follow-up methods 1 yr after treatment, both follow-up treatments resulted in smaller clumps than untreated controls. Effective control of Japanese barberry can be achieved in a single growing season by integrating an early-season initial treatment (prescribed fire or mechanical) that kills the aboveground tissues with a midseason follow-up treatment such as directed heating or targeted herbicide application.

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39

Ward, Jeffrey S., Scott C. Williams y Thomas E. Worthley. "Comparing Effectiveness and Impacts of Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) Control Treatments and Herbivory on Plant Communities". Invasive Plant Science and Management 6, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2013): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-13-00004.1.

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AbstractTwo factors that can degrade native plant community composition and structure, and hinder restoration efforts, are invasive species and chronic overbrowsing by ungulates such as white-tailed deer. Beginning in 2007, the effectiveness, costs, and impacts of Japanese barberry control treatments and herbivory on nonnative and native plant communities was examined at eight study areas over 4 to 5 yr. Prescribed burning and mechanical mowing by wood shredder or brush saw were utilized as initial treatments to reduce the aboveground portion of established barberry and were equally effective. Without a follow-up treatment, barberry had recovered to 56 to 81% of pretreatment levels 50 to 62 mo after initial treatment. Follow-up treatments in mid-summer to kill new sprouts included directed heating and foliar herbicide applications. Relative to untreated controls, follow-up treatments lowered barberry cover 50 to 62 mo after initial treatment by at least 72%. Although all follow-up treatments were equally effective, the labor cost of directed heating was four times higher than for herbicide applications. Follow-up treatment type (directed heating vs. herbicide) had minimal impact on species other than barberry. White-tailed deer herbivory had a larger impact on other species than did barberry control treatments. Native grass and fern cover was higher outside of exclosures. Areas inside exclosures had higher cover of Oriental bittersweet and multiflora rose, but not Japanese barberry. Thus, recovery of native communities will require more than simply removing the dominant invasive species where deer densities are high. Excellent reduction of Japanese barberry cover can be achieved using either directed heating or herbicides as follow-up treatments in a two-step process, but other invasive plants may become a problem when barberry is removed if deer populations are low.

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40

Mohammed, Sawsan. "Effect of soil media on the rooting of Myrtus communes and Berberis thunbergii semi –hardwood cuttings". IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 5, n.º 4 (2013): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2380-0545560.

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41

Huang, J. G., Y. Zhao, T. Liu, Y. X. Zhao y X. M. Sun. "First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe berberidicola on Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea in China". Plant Disease 102, n.º 8 (agosto de 2018): 1665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-17-2014-pdn.

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42

Link, Arthur F., Linda M. K. Johnson y Ryan M. Utz. "To manage or not? Successful native tree seedling restoration despite a dense, invasive shrub, Berberis thunbergii". Plant Ecology 220, n.º 6 (13 de abril de 2019): 577–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-019-00937-w.

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43

Pacholczak, Andrzej, Małgorzata Zajączkowska y Karolina Nowakowska. "The Effect of Brassinosteroids on Rootting of Stem Cuttings in Two Barberry (Berberis thunbergii L.) Cultivars". Agronomy 11, n.º 4 (7 de abril de 2021): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040699.

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Brassinosteroids are a group of over seventy steroid compounds whose discovery in lower and higher plant organisms created new possibilities of plant growth control. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of two brassinosteroids: brassinolide (BL) and 24-epibrassinolide (24epiBL) as compared to the auxin rooting enhancer indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), on the rooting of stem cuttings in two Thunberg’s barberry cultivars ‘Maria’ and ‘Red Rocket’. The cuttings were sprayed with water solutions of growth regulators: IBA (200 mg·L−1), 0.05% BL or 24epiBL, as well as with a combination of each of brassinosteroids with the auxin while the control cuttings were sprayed with water. In both cultivars brassinosteroids positively affected a degree of rooting and root length. Their application resulted in elevated contents of chlorophyll, total soluble sugars, free amino acids, hydrogen peroxide and catalase activity. Brassinosteroids were more effective when combined with the auxin than when used singly.

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44

Ehrenfeld, Joan G. "Invasion of Deciduous Forest Preserves in the New York Metropolitan Region by Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.)". Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 124, n.º 2 (abril de 1997): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2996586.

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45

Li, Jinbao, Chengyuan Xu, Kevin L. Griffin y William S. F. Schuster. "Dendrochonological Potential of Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii): A Case Study in the Black Rock Forest, New York". Tree-Ring Research 64, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2008): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3959/2008-5.1.

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Pacholczak, Andrzej, Wiesław Szydło y Aleksandra Łukaszewska. "The effect of shading of stock plants on rhizogenesis in stem cuttings of Berberis thunbergii ‘Red Rocket’". Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 28, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2006): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11738-006-0052-8.

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47

Safari, Nassim, Mehran Mirabzadeh Ardakani, Roghayeh Hemmati, Alessia Parroni, Marzia Beccaccioli y Massimo Reverberi. "The Potential of Plant-Based Bioactive Compounds on Inhibition of Aflatoxin B1 Biosynthesis and Down-regulation of aflR, aflM and aflP Genes". Antibiotics 9, n.º 11 (23 de octubre de 2020): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110728.

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The use of plant extracts in pre- and post-harvest disease management of agricultural crops to cope with aflatoxin B1 contamination has shown great promise due to their capability in managing toxins and safe-keeping the quality. We investigated the anti-aflatoxigenic effect of multiple doses of eight plant extracts (Heracleum persicum, Peganum harmala, Crocus sativus, Trachyspermum ammi, Rosmarinus officinalis, Anethum graveolens, Berberis vulgaris, Berberis thunbergii) on Aspergillus flavus via LC-MS and the down-regulatory effect of them on aflR, aflM and aflP genes involved in the aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis pathway using RT-qPCR analyses. Our results showed that H. persicum (4 mg/mL), P. harmala (6 mg/mL) and T. ammi (2 mg/mL) completely stopped the production of aflatoxin B1, without inducing significant changes in A. flavus growth. Furthermore, our findings showed a highly significant correlation between the gene expression and the aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis, such that certain doses of the extracts reduced or blocked the expression of the aflR, aflM and aflP and consequently reduced the synthesis of aflatoxin B1. Interestingly, compared to the regulatory gene (aflR), the down-regulation of expression in the structural genes (aflM and aflP) was more consistent and correlated with the inhibition of aflatoxin B1 production. Overall, this study reveals the anti-aflatoxigenic mechanisms of the selected plant extracts at the gene expression level and provides evidence for their use in plant and crop protection.

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48

Murphree, Brian H., Jeff L. Sibley, D. Joseph Eakes y J. David Williams. "Shade Influences Propagation of Golden Barberry `Bailsel'". HortTechnology 10, n.º 4 (enero de 2000): 752–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.4.752.

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The influence of three shade levels on propagation of golden barberry (Berberis koreana Palib. × B. thunbergii DC.) selection `Bailsel' was evaluated in studies initiated 29 Apr. and 18 Sept. 1998. After 57 days, root ratings were higher in plants under 70% and 80% shade treatments than 60% shade for both studies. In study one, viability was lower among plants under the 60% shade level than those under 70% or 80% shade levels. Viability among treatments was similar in study two. Based on visual observations, leaf retention appeared greater under the 70% and 80% shade treatments than the 60% shade treatment for both studies. Cuttings rooted under 70% and 80% shade levels generally had a uniform golden hue, whereas the foliage of those rooted under 60% shade often had a red hue and showed signs of desiccation for both studies. Root dry weights were greater for cuttings under the 60% shade levels than 70% or 80% shade.

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49

Mirabadi, S., F. Soumi, A. R. Golnaraghi y S. Rezaee. "First Report of Stem Spots Caused by Alternaria sp. on Berberis sp. in Iran". Plant Disease 89, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2005): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1013a.

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During the summer of 2004, approximately 150 Berberis sp. (Berberis thunbergii cv. Rose Glow) showing dark brown, eye-like elongated spots (7 to 22 mm long and 1 to 3 mm wide) on stems near the crown toward the top were observed in a park in Tehran, the capital of Iran. Red and yellow spots on the leaves and defoliation were also recorded for some of the affected plants. A total of 28 samples from 16 individual plants (sampling included all symptomatic parts of the plants) were collected and evaluated for the possible casual agent of the disease. Fungi with spores that are characteristic of the genus Alternaria (2), including dark mycelium and brief and simple conidiophores with catenulate dictyospores, were isolated from the detached leaf and stem pieces of diseased plants. The pathogenicity of five isolates was investigated using Koch's postulate. Twenty cut stems and 10 rooted plants of Berberis sp., with or without wounding on their stems and leaves, were inoculated with the spore suspension (104 spores per ml) prepared by using 10-day-old cultures of the isolates grown on potato dextrose agar at 25°C in the dark. The inoculated cut stems were covered for 3 days with a plastic tent and kept in a greenhouse at 25 ± 5°C with more than 12 h of light. These covers were not used for the rooted plants that were inoculated under field conditions. For each test, at least two controls were used. Symptoms similar to those observed in the field appeared on inoculated stems in 6 to 7 days. On leaves, dark, reddish brown spots (different from the field observations) were induced 3 to 4 days after inoculation. The disease on leaves, which eventually led to defoliation, was more severe than that observed in the field. Stem spots occurred on covered and uncovered inoculated plants; however, the lesions on the covered plants were deeper than those on the uncovered plants. Both types of plants died 3 to 4 weeks after inoculation. Although the fungi were isolated from diseased plants from one park, similar symptoms also were observed on Berberis sp. planted in other parks and streets, etc. The genus Alternaria (Deuteromycetes) caused leaf and stem spot diseases on different plant hosts (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a natural occurrence of Alternaria sp. on Berberis sp. in Iran. References: (1) G. N. Agrios. Plant Pathology, 4th ed., Academic Press, NY, 1997. (2) M. B. Ellis. More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, England, 1976.

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Merow, Cory, Sarah Treanor Bois, Jenica M. Allen, Yingying Xie y John A. Silander. "Climate change both facilitates and inhibits invasive plant ranges in New England". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, n.º 16 (27 de marzo de 2017): E3276—E3284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1609633114.

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Forecasting ecological responses to climate change, invasion, and their interaction must rely on understanding underlying mechanisms. However, such forecasts require extrapolation into new locations and environments. We linked demography and environment using experimental biogeography to forecast invasive and native species’ potential ranges under present and future climate in New England, United States to overcome issues of extrapolation in novel environments. We studied two potentially nonequilibrium invasive plants’ distributions, Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) and Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry), each paired with their native ecological analogs to better understand demographic drivers of invasions. Our models predict that climate change will considerably reduce establishment of a currently prolific invader (A. petiolata) throughout New England driven by poor demographic performance in warmer climates. In contrast, invasion of B. thunbergii will be facilitated because of higher growth and germination in warmer climates, with higher likelihood to establish farther north and in closed canopy habitats in the south. Invasion success is in high fecundity for both invasive species and demographic compensation for A. petiolata relative to native analogs. For A. petiolata, simulations suggest that eradication efforts would require unrealistic efficiency; hence, management should focus on inhibiting spread into colder, currently unoccupied areas, understanding source–sink dynamics, and understanding community dynamics should A. petiolata (which is allelopathic) decline. Our results—based on considerable differences with correlative occurrence models typically used for such biogeographic forecasts—suggest the urgency of incorporating mechanism into range forecasting and invasion management to understand how climate change may alter current invasion patterns.

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