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1
Bucaioni, Alessio. "Bidirectionality in Model-Driven Engineering." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-18202.
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In Model-Driven Engineering bidirectional model transformations emerged as an important ingredient to cope with scenarios such as change propagation, synchronization and to keep consistent system views whenever changes occurring on some view have to be propagated over the others. However, bidirectional mappings open a number of intricate issues that have been only partially solved by research. This master thesis identifies a set of features characterizing bidirectional transformations and validates them against two existing approaches. In particular, a benchmark based on the UML2RDBMS transformation and consisting of two different configurations is implemented by means of two different approaches, such as Triple Graph Grammars and the Janus Transformation Language, for understanding bidirectional transformations with respect to the elicited features.
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Sobrado, V. H., R. Yaranga, and J. D. Orihuela. "Analysis of seismic bidirectionality on response of reinforced concrete structures with irregularities of l-shaped plan and soft story." IOP Publishing Ltd, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656573.
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The seismic design of buildings is usually performed using one-way analysis for each of main axes independently. However, seismic events have fairly random behaviour and impose bidirectional solicitations on structures. In this work, the study of the response in structures subjects to earthquake loads with irregularity of l-shaped plan and soft story is carried out. For this, the linear time-story analysis (LTHA) of these has been carried out imposing seismic solicitations in two orthogonal directions. Thus, the structural response with incidence angle variations of 10 is obtained and compared with the response derived from the unidirectional analysis. Variations of up to 50% and 72% are obtained for model structures with l-shaped plan and soft story respectively.
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Veselinović, Elvira. "How to put up with cur suas le rud and the bidirectionality of contact." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4098/.
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Content:
1. Preverbal Composition in Old Irish and Old English
2. The Shape of the Modern Irish Verbal Lexeme
3. Particle Verbs in Irish and English
3.1. Definitions: Phrasal Verb or Prepositional Verb?
3.2. Examples
3.3. Obvious Similarities
3.4. Irish English Peculiarities
4. The Abolition of Verbal Composition in Irish and English – Parallels and Differences in Historical Syntax
5. Conclusions
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Marchand, Jean-Baptiste. "Experimental Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Foil Sections for Tidal Turbine Application." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0038.
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Dans un contexte de développement des énergies renouvelables, les énergies marines suscitent un grand intérêt. Parmi elles, les courants de marée paraissent constituer une ressource intéressante du fait de la densité de l'eau de mer et de la possibilité de prévoir les oscillations de marée à un endroit donné. Pour une turbine à axe vertical et en accord avec le partenaire industriel, les contraintes à l'échelle de la section de pale incluent la bidirectionnalité de l'écoulement, l'état de surface ainsi que la turbulence amont. La première partie du travail présentée ici s'est donc attachée à étudier deux solutions permettant de répondre à la bidirectionnalité de l'écoulement à l'échelle d'une section de pale. Un profil bidirectionnel spécifique a ainsi été comparé à un NACA 0015 en écoulement directe et inversé. La seconde partie s'est attachée à caractériser l'effet de la rugosité de surface et de la turbulence amont sur les propriétés d'un profil unidirectionnel spécifiquement développé pour les turbines à axe horizontal. Les deux sujets ont été abordés sur des profils académiques 2D, au travers d'une approche expérimentale originale et d'étude numériques. Des calculs tout turbulents et avec prise en compte de la transition ont été comparés à des mesures d'effort par balance, couplés à des observations de l'écoulement par PIV. Le foil bidirectionnel ainsi que le foil NACA en écoulement direct et inversé ont montrés des comportements singuliers qui pénalisent leurs performances dans l'optique d'une utilisation en tant que section de pale. A partir d'une valeur seuil, la hauteur de la rugosité de surface a montré engendrer un changement profond de la nature de l'écoulement autour du foil unidirectionnel. Finalement, il a été observé que la turbulence amont modifiait modérément les propriétés de ce type de foils, mais de façon moins significative à l'échelle de la pale<br>In a context of development of renewable energies, there is a growing interest in marine energies. Among them, tidal currents are promising due to the density of seawater and the predictability of tidal oscillations at a given location. For horizontal axis tidal turbines and according to the industrial partner, constraints at the blade section scale include bi-directionality of the flow, surface roughness and upstream turbulence. The first part of the present work studied two solutions to achieve bi-directionality of the flow at the blade section scale. A specific bi-directional hydrofoil was compared to a NACA 0015 in forward and reversed flow. The second part focussed on the effect of surface roughness and upstream turbulence on a unidirectional blade section designed for current turbines. Both studies were carried out on academic two-dimensional hydrofoils, using both numerical investigation and a specifically developed experimental approach. Computations using fully turbulent and transition models were compared to balance force measurements coupled with PIV flow observations. The bidirectional foil as well as the NACA foil in forward and reversed flow, showed specific behaviours that could considerably reduce their performances for a use as a tidal turbine rotor. Roughness height was also observed to deeply change the foil properties, beyond a critical height. Finally, upstream turbulence resulted in moderate performance changes, less significant at the machine scale
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Paschall, Katherine Wendy. "Risk and Resilience in Low-Income Families: Linking Contextual Risks, Parenting Styles, Child Emotion Regulation, Maltreatment, and Early Head Start." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612537.
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Parenting is one of the most salient influences in children's development, particularly during early childhood. Substantial theoretical and empirical evidence has linked sociodemographic risk to compromised parenting, and has contributed to the development of two-generation programs to support low-income parents and their young children. Despite decades of research on these families, little is known about how styles of parenting change across time, how children's emotion regulation influences parenting styles, or how risks predict longitudinal stability and change to parenting. Furthermore, it is unclear how one two-generation program, Early Head Start, promotes positive parenting styles and buffers against contextual risks. The aim of the three papers in this dissertation study is to describe maternal parenting within a low-income sample, by linking longitudinal trajectories of parenting to contextual risks, Early Head Start, children's emotion regulation (ER), and risk for child maltreatment. Guided by the bioecological model, and components specific to the Ecological-Transactional Model of Child Maltreatment (Cicchetti et al., 2010), these three papers indicate specific risks that are most salient to exhibiting unsupportive parenting behaviors: family conflict, maternal depression, and attitudes and beliefs that indicate risk for child physical abuse. Furthermore, the papers highlight important methodological considerations for the study of parenting at risk, children's ER, as well as for clinicians assessing risk. The three papers, collectively, highlight the complex interplay of determinants of parenting, including sociodemographic characteristics, psychological factors, interpersonal relationships, child effects, family-level characteristics, and Early Head Start involvement.
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Silva, Ferreira Tahena. "Síndrome de Down: influências na interação mãe-bebê." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151315.
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Previous issue date: 2017-07-13<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>A literatura aponta que uma interação satisfatória entre mãe e filho pode ser considerada um preditor do bom desenvolvimento infantil, pois, pode atenuar os efeitos dos fatores de risco. A chegada de um bebê que apresente algum tipo de deficiência, pode se configurar em um momento de tensão para essa mãe, pois requer adaptações e apresenta desafios ainda mais intensos. Dentre as inúmeras condições que podem afetar a infância, a Síndrome de Down (SD) destaca-se por provocar alterações globais no desenvolvimento e ter uma alta incidência na população mundial e nacional. O presente trabalho objetivou descrever, comparar e correlacionar os comportamentos interativos e não-interativos infantis e maternos, considerando os grupos de mães e bebê com e sem SD, com base em grandes categorias e subcategorias comportamentais. Participaram do estudo, 50 díades mãe-bebê com idade entre quatro e seis meses, divididas em dois grupos: 25 mães e seus bebês com SD e 25 mães e seus bebês sem SD. Foi utilizado um Instrumento para Coleta de Informações Sociodemográficas (ICIS) elaborado para este estudo e para análise da interação mãe-bebê foi utilizado o Sistema de Codificação da Interação Mãe-Criança Revisado (CITMI-R), versão brasileira, adaptado de Alvarenga e Cerezzo (2013). O instrumento prevê categorias gerais, referentes aos comportamentos infantis (interativos: Aproximação Social Positiva, Negativa e Neutra e, nãointerativos: Jogo, Regulação, Choro ou Protesto, Apatia e Movimentos de Protesto) e, referentes ao comportamento materno (interativos: Sensível Positivo, Negativo e Neutro e, nãointerativos: Protetivo e não responsivo). Os resultados apontaram que embora o grupo de mães de bebês sem SD tenha apresentado maior variabilidade comportamental, os grupos não apresentaram diferenças qualitativas significativas nos comportamentos analisados. Em relação aos comportamentos infantis, ainda que tenham sido observadas diferenças, elas não foram estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos. Considerando os comportamentos maternos, as diferenças estatísticas demostraram que as mães do G1 são mais Sensíveis Positivas (utilizaram mais sorrisos, vocalizações com conteúdo positivo e brinquedos), enquanto as mães do G2 são mais Sensíveis Neutras e Negativas (utilizaram mais vocalizações com conteúdo neutro, interromperam mais o fluxo de atividade de seus filhos com toques bruscos e olharam mais para outros locais da sala). Verificou-se ainda que o comportamento positivo emitido por um dos integrantes da díade criou condições favoráveis para que o outro integrante apresentasse comportamentos dessa mesma ordem. Concluiu-se que a similaridade dos comportamentos infantis apresentados pelos grupos possa ter ocorrido em função da adaptação materna frente as dificuldades dos bebês com SD, visto que, na presente amostra, todas as mães contavam com uma rede de apoio ofertada pelas instituições nas quais seus filhos eram assistidos. Diante disso, as limitações do presente estudo estiveram se referem a faixa etária específica dos bebês que compuseram a amostra (quatro a seis meses) e a atenção especializada dirigida às mães de bebês com SD. Por fim, é reconhecida a necessidade de novos estudos, especialmente longitudinais, com a ampliação da amostra e que considerem variáveis como: contato visual, sorriso, saúde mental materna e rede de apoio.<br>The literature indicates that a satisfactory interaction between mother and child can be considered a predictor of child development and may attenuate the risk factors. The arrival of a baby that presents some type of disability, can be configured in a moment of tension for this mother, because it requires adaptations and presents even more intense challenges. Among the many conditions that can affect childhood, Down Syndrome (DS) stands out because it causes global changes in development and presents a high incidence in the world and national population. The present work aimed to describe, compare and correlate the interactive and noninteractive infant and maternal behaviors, considering the groups of mothers and babies with and without SD, based on behavioral categories and subcategories. Participated in the study, 50 mothers and their infants between four and six months of age, divided into two groups: 25 mothers and their babies with SD and 25 mothers and their babies without SD. An Instrument for Collecting Sociodemographic Information (ICIS), prepared for this study was used and for the analysis of the interaction, Early Mother-Child Interaction Coding System (CITMI-R), Brazilian version, adapted from Alvarenga and Cerezzo (2013). The instrument provides for general categories related to children's behaviors (interactive: Positive Social Approach, Negative and Neutral and noninteractive: Game, Regulation, Cry or Protest, Apathy and Protest Movements) and, referring to maternal behavior (interactive: Sensitive Positive, Negative and Neutral and non-interactive: Protective and non-responsive). The results showed that although the group of mothers of infants without SD had higher behavioral variability, the groups did not show marked qualitative differences in the behaviors analyzed. Regarding children's behaviors, although differences were observed, they were not statistically significant between the groups. Concerning maternal behaviors, statistical differences showed that G1 mothers are more Sensitive Positives (they used more smiles, positive containing vocalizations and toys), while G2 mothers are more Neutral and Negative Sensitive (they used more neutral vocalizations, they interrupted more the activity flow of their children with abrupt touches and looked more to other places in the room). It was also verified that positive behaviors emitted by one of the members of the dyad created favorable conditions for the other member to present behaviors of the same order. It was concluded that the similarity of the children's behaviors presented by the groups may have occurred due to the maternal adaptation to the difficulties of the infants with DS, since in the present sample all mothers had a support network offered by the institutions in which their children were assisted. Therefore, the limitations of the present study were related to the specific age range of the babies composing the sample (four to six months) and the specialized attention directed to the mothers of infants with DS. Finally, the need for further studies, especially longitudinal ones, with the widening of the sample and considering variables such as: eye contact, smile, maternal mental health and support network is recognized.<br>FAPESP: 2015/11205-8
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Benboujema, Chawki Mohamed. "Etude d'une structure d'interrupteur 4 quadrants à faibles pertes à base de transistors à forts gains." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4049/document.
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S’inscrivant dans le cadre de la gestion de l’énergie dans l’habitat du programme SESAME du pôle de compétitivité S2E2, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier et de proposer une structure d’interrupteur commandable à l’ouverture et à la fermeture, bidirectionnel en tension et en courant et à faible perte énergétique, destiné à connecter tout type de charges sur le réseau alternatif 230V/50Hz. Il n’existe pas à l’heure actuelle de composants interrupteurs monolithiques de ce type. La première partie du mémoire présente les interrupteurs électroniques existants. La deuxième partie, traite des interrupteurs électroniques à base de transistors MOS et des limites de cette technologie unipolaire en termes de compromis de minimisation de surface de puces et de minimisation de la dissipation de puissance. Nous montrons ensuite que l’on peut repousser ces limites en adoptant des solutions à base de transistors bipolaires de puissances et notamment avec des bases fines autoprotégées (Transistors GAT). Le quatrième chapitre présente les résultats d’une étude des caractéristiques à l’état passant et à l’état bloqué de transistors GAT et valide leur aptitude à fonctionner sur le réseau alternatif. Nous montrons plusieurs voies possibles d’amélioration des caractéristiques de ces transistors avant d’étudier leur comportement dans une fonction interrupteur. Nous terminons ce travail en démontrant l’intérêt de la commande des transistors GAT en mode de conduction inverse, intérêt qui nous conduit ensuite à proposer une structure d’interrupteur totalement novatrice, avec la réduction par deux du nombre de composants et donc une réduction accrue de la puissance dissipée dans l’interrupteur<br>As part of the energy management for household appliances of the S2E2 competitive pole SESAME program, the objective of this thesis is to propose a bidirectional switch in current and voltage with full turn-off control and low energy loss, ensuring the control of all loads types connected to the mains. The first part of this thesis presents the advantages and disadvantages of discrete or monolithic switches. In the second part, we were interested in electronic switches composed of MOS transistors. Different associations strategies and controls will be tested to reduce the power dissipation of the switch on the one hand, and facilitate control of the device on the other hand. Then we turned to solutions based on power bipolar transistors. The last one, called GAT distinguished itself by its high current gain and its low voltage drop in the on state. By implementing around the active base heavily doped caissons which create a shielding effect, one can increase the structure performances. After the design of this component in our laboratory, the characteristics of the on state and the off state were improved to validate its functionality in AC mains. The study will then focus on different technologies to confirm its performances. Using low metallization resistance and assembly strategy intelligently defined, it has been demonstrated that the performance of this component can be increased. Finally, we proposed a new switch structure using only two transistors GAT. We show that the interesting GAT reverse mode characteristics permit to deflect the load current flowing in the diodes and delete them. So we reduced the important source of power dissipation in the switch
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Phung, Luong Viêt. "Etude de structures d'interrupteurs intégrables bidirectionnels en tension et en courant : le transistor bipolaire symétrique." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4039/document.
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Ces travaux de thèse traitent de la modélisation d’un interrupteur bipolaire commandable monolithique bidirectionnel en tension et en courant et s’inscrivent dans la gestion de l’énergie dans l’habitat. L’objectif est de concevoir un interrupteur à faible perte énergétique capable de s’intégrer au sein d’une électronique de commande intelligente.Ces travaux s’intéressent dans un premier temps aux différentes solutions existantes destinées à notre application. A travers cette étude, on présente ainsi les avantages et les inconvénients des interrupteurs discrets ou encore des solutions monolithiques. On s’intéresse ensuite à l’étude d’un transistor bipolaire de puissance symétrique vertical. A l’aide de simulations par éléments finis, une étude bidimensionnelle et statique a permis de valider sa fonctionnalité à savoir son aptitude à fonctionner sous le réseau alternatif domestique. L’étude se concentrera ensuite sur les différentes technologies destinées à l’améliorer. En optant pour des caissons fortement dopés judicieusement placés au niveau de la base, il est démontré que les performances d’un tel composant peuvent être augmentées grâce au phénomène d’autoblindage. Finalement, dans le but de simplifier la réalisation de cet interrupteur, la technologie du RESURF sur SOI a été retenue. La structure, latérale, a ensuite été étudiée grâce à des simulations statiques bidimensionnelles puis tridimensionnelles qui ont mis en valeur l’intérêt de cette technologie tant au niveau de la conception qu’au niveau de la réalisation de la structure<br>This study deals with the modeling of a monolithic switch bidirectional in current and voltage with full turn-off control for household appliances. The goal is to design a low losses switch which can be integrated to smart electronics functions. These works are focused, first, on discrete and monolithic existing solutions designed for such appliances before pointing out their main advantages and drawbacks. Monolithic structures are preferred over discrete ones thanks to their easiness to be integrated among other structures on the same substrate. The study is focused then on a vertical and symmetrical power bipolar transistor. 2D static simulations in finite elements performed on the structure confirm its ability to work on the mains. Further studies underline the possibility to improve it. By implementing around the active base heavily doped caissons which create a shielding effect, one can increase the structure performances. Finally, to simplify the switch processing steps, SOI RESURF technology is chosen. The lateral structure is studied thanks to 2D and 3D simulations which emphasize the benefits of such technology on both its design and manufacturing process
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Bermudo, Anaya Harol Bressler, and La Cruz Herrera Rodrigo Alonso De. "Evaluación comparativa de la bidireccionalidad sísmica según el análisis modal espectral y análisis lineal tiempo historia, en edificaciones escalonadas de concreto armado." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654607.
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En un análisis sísmico tradicional, se considera principalmente la existencia de fuerzas sísmicas que actúan unidireccionalmente en dos o tres direcciones independientes. Sin embargo, se ha demostrado que la naturaleza del movimiento sísmico es errática, es decir, que las acciones sísmicas actúan en diferentes direcciones hacia la estructura. En el presente estudio, se analizó las respuestas de 4 modelos estructurales con una geometría arquitectónica escalonada usando un Análisis Modal Espectral (AME) y un Análisis Lineal Tiempo Historia (ALTH), con ángulos de incidencia con incrementos cada 10°, de manera que se evidencie los efectos de la bidireccionalidad sísmica frente al unidireccional a través de las respuestas máximas de los modelos. Para el ALTH, se consideraron 3 registros sísmicos ocurridos en Lima-Perú en un tipo de suelo rígido obtenidos a través de la red acelerográfica nacional peruana CISMID. Los resultados alcanzados muestran que, para el Análisis Modal Espectral (AME) el ángulo de incidencia mayor donde se presentan mayores repuestas es 45° para los 4 modelos, y para el ALTH los ángulos de incidencia son variables. Asimismo, en ambos análisis dinámicos, evaluando la bidireccionalidad sísmica se obtienen respuestas de 10 a 40% más que un análisis unidireccional.<br>In a traditional seismic analysis, it is mainly considered the existence of seismic forces that work unidirectionally in two or three independent directions. However, it has been demonstrated that the nature of the seismic movement is erratic, that is to say, that the seismic actions act in different directions towards the structure. In the present study, the responses of 4 structural models with a staggered architectural geometry were analyzed using a Spectral Modal Analysis (SMA) and a Linear Time History Analysis (ALTH), with incidence angles increased every 10°, so as to evidence the effects of the seismic bidirectionality against the unidirectional one through the maximum responses of the models. For the ALTH, 3 seismic records were considered, which occurred in Lima-Peru in a type of rigid soil obtained through the Peruvian national accelerographic network CISMID. The results achieved show that, for the Spectral Modal Analysis (SMA), the incidence angle where the greatest responses are presented is 45° for the 4 models, and for the ALTH the incidence angles are variable. Moreover, in both dynamic analyses, evaluating the seismic bidirectionality, responses are obtained from 10 to 40% more than a unidirectional analysis.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Ihuel, François. "Etude et réalisation d'un interrupteur de puissance monolithique bidirectionnel sur substrat SOI." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4043/document.
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Ces travaux traitent de la réalisation d’un prototype d’interrupteur monolithique bidirectionnel à base de transistor bipolaire. A terme, l’objectif est de développer un interrupteur intelligent à faible perte, complètement intégrable dans l’habitat. Nous nous intéressons d’abord aux composants bidirectionnels existants. Nous présentons ensuite deux transistors bipolaires bidirectionnels. Le premier à base large, de fabrication aisée. Le second, symétrique, latéral, sur substrat SOI, à base fine, verticale, autoprotégée, très novateur. Nous les comparons et optons pour le transistor latéral à base fine, puis discutons les différentes étapes de sa fabrication et montrons qu’elle constitue un véritable challenge. Ensuite, nous détaillons une méthodologie analytique 1D permettant de déterminer les éléments clefs de fabrication de la partie active du transistor. L’étude est validée par des simulations 2D numériques par éléments finis. Nous continuons par une réflexion sur la périphérie du composant et sa métallisation. Nous détaillons les variantes de réalisation envisagées et montrons que ce composant est robuste vis-à-vis des désalignements entre les masques lors de la fabrication. Finalement, nous caractérisons les transistors fabriqués. Initialement le dispositif est parasité par des effets de ségrégation des dopants aux interfaces SiO2 / Si. Nous expliquons qu’il est possible de contrecarrer ces effets, pour finalement valider le concept de transistor bipolaire symétrique latéral sur substrat SOI, à base fine, verticale, autoprotégée<br>This study deals with the realization of a prototype of a low losses monolithic bidirectional switch. It is based on a SOI symmetrical and lateral bipolar transistor with a thin, vertical and shielded base. The goal is to produce a switch which can be integrated to smart electronics functions. First, we compare the existing bidirectional solutions. We then introduce two bidirectional bipolar transistors: one with a wide base, easy to realize, and the other one, patented, symmetrical and lateral, using a SOI substrate, with a thin, vertical and shielded base. We compare these two devices and choose the novel and patented lateral bipolar transistor. We then discuss the challenge of its fabrication. We then detail a 1D analytical methodology allowing to define rapidly the key steps of the active area transistor realization. The study is then confirmed by finite element 2D numerical simulations (Sentaurus). Next, we discuss the periphery and metallization of the device. We detail the variant of process introduced. We finally show that this component is robust to masks misaligning during its fabrication. To the end, the transistors are realized and analyzed. We show that, initially, the segregation of dopants at SiO2 / Si interfaces implies a parasiting canal in parallel of the transistor. We then explain how to reduce these parasiting effects, to finally validate the concept of a symmetrical and lateral bipolar transistor on a SOI substrate, with a thin, vertical, shielded base
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Sobrado, Ortega Victor Hugo, and Huamaní Rogelio Yaranga. "Análisis de la bidireccionalidad sísmica en la respuesta de estructuras de concreto armado con irregularidad de esquina entrante y de piso blando en la ciudad de Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653964.
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La Norma E.030 y gran parte de los códigos de diseño sismorresistente consideran el análisis unidireccional para cada uno de los ejes principales de manera independiente. A comparación de ello, en realidad los eventos sísmicos tienen un comportamiento bastante aleatorio. Además, imponen solicitaciones bidireccionales en diferentes orientaciones a las edificaciones. Se realizó el estudio de la respuesta en edificaciones sujetas a solicitaciones de carga sísmica con irregularidades de esquina entrante y de piso blando. Para ello, se ha realizado el análisis tiempo historia lineal (ATHL) de éstas imponiendo solicitaciones sísmicas en dos direcciones ortogonales simultáneas. Así, se obtiene la respuesta estructural con variaciones de ángulos de incidencia de 10° y se compara con la respuesta derivada del análisis unidireccional. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el análisis tradicional subestima las respuestas de las estructuras. Se obtuvieron variaciones de hasta 50% en el modelo de esquina entrante y hasta 72% en el modelo de piso blando. En las edificaciones con irregularidad de piso blando extremo existen variaciones de hasta el 90%. Estos resultados confirman la necesidad de considerar la bidireccionalidad sísmica en el análisis y diseño sismorresistente.<br>Standard E.030 and most of the seismic-resistant design codes consider the unidirectional analysis for each of the main axes independently. By comparison, seismic events actually behave quite randomly. In addition, they impose bidirectional solicitations in different orientations to the buildings. The study of the response in structures subjects to earthquake loads with irregularity of l-shaped plan and soft story is carried out. For this, the linear time-story analysis (LTHA) of these has been carried out imposing seismic solicitations in two perpendicular directions at the same time. Thus, the structural response with incidence angle variations of 10° is obtained and compared with the response derived from the unidirectional analysis. Variations of up to 50 were obtained in the l-shaped plan model and up to 72% in the soft story model. In structures with extreme soft story variations of up to 90%. These results confirm the need to consider seismic bidirectionality in earthquake analysis and design.<br>Tesis
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Graham, Frank. "Development and validation of a bidirectionally coupled magnetoelastic FEM model for current driven magnetostrictive devices." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9354.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Aerospace Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Kasten, Chelsea Rae. "Intra-nucleus accumbens shell injections of R(+)- and S(-)- baclofen bidirectionally alter binge-like ethanol, but not saccharin, intake in C57Bl/6J mice." Thesis, Behavioural Brain Research (Elsevier), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/6453.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>It has been proposed that the GABAB receptor subtype plays a role in alcoholism and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) (Cousins et al., 2002; Agabio et al., 2012). Specifically, the GABAB agonist baclofen has been looked at extensively in clinical and pre-clinical studies. In various animal models of chronic and intermittent consumption, baclofen has been shown to both increase (Petry, 1997; Smith et al., 1999; Czachowski et al., 2006; Moore et al., 2007) and decrease (Colombo et al., 2000; 2002; 2005; Stromberg, 2004; Moore et al., 2009) drinking. A critical issue in determining pharmacological effects of a drug is using the appropriate animal model. The drinking-in-the-dark (DID) model, developed by Rhodes et al. (2005, 2007), produces high levels of drinking in a binge-like paradigm and has been used to assess many pharmacological targets (e.g. Kamdar et al., 2007; Gupta et al., 2008; Moore et al., 2007; 2009).
While DID produces high-levels of binge drinking, it is unclear what areas of the brain are involved in this behavior. A direct way to target areas that are believed to be involved in the circuitry of particular behaviors is through microinjection of drugs (Kiianmaa et al., 2003). Of particular recent interest involving motivated behaviors and addiction is the nucleus accumbens (Acb) (Everitt & Robbins, 2005); specifically the
accumbens shell (AcbSh) (e.g. Rewal et al., 2009, 2012; Nie et al., 2011; Leriche et al., 2008).
The current study aimed to investigate the role of GABAB receptors in the AcbSh by examining the ability of two different enantiomers of baclofen to alter ethanol and saccharin intake in male C57BL/6J (B6) mice. B6 mice underwent bilateral cannulation surgery targeting the AcbSh. After 48 hours of recovery time, animals began a five day Drinking-in-the-Dark (DID) procedure where they received 20% ethanol or 0.2% saccharin for two hours, three hours into the dark cycle, each day. Throughout the five drinking sessions, animals were kept in home-cage locomotor activity chambers to monitor activity throughout the drinking cycle. Day 4 drinking was immediately preceded by a mock microinjection, whereas Day 5 drinking was immediately preceded by a drug microinjection. Microinjection of one of five doses of baclofen was given in ng/side dissolved in 200 µl of aCSF (aCSF alone, 0.02 R(+)-, 0.04 R(+)-, 0.08 S(-)-, or 0,16 S(-)-). Intake was recorded every twenty minutes on Days 4 and 5. Retro-orbital sinus blood samples were taken from ethanol animals immediately following the Day 5 drinking period to determine blood ethanol concentrations (BECs).
A one-way ANOVA on total Day 4 ethanol consumption revealed no baseline differences between dose groups. A one-way ANOVA on total Day 5 ethanol consumption revealed that the 0.04 R(+)- baclofen dose reduced total drinking, but the 0.16 S(-)- baclofen dose increased total drinking (p’s<0.05). This pattern was reflected in the BECs; 0.04 R(+)- baclofen reduced BECs, whereas 0.16 S(-)- baclofen increased BECs (p’s<0.05). These results were also time-dependent, with R(+)-baclofen reducing drinking in the first 20 minutes of the session and S(-)- increasing drinking in the last 40 minutes of the session. There were no effects on saccharin intake. An issue with the locomotor activity boxes led to unreliable locomotor activity counts. However, because there were no drug effects on saccharin consumption, it was concluded that locomotor effects did not contribute to the decreases or increases in ethanol consumption. These results further implicate the role of GABAB receptors in modulating ethanol intake. The bidirectional effects shown highlight the importance of considering enantioselective drug effects when interpreting data. Finally, these results also support previous conclusions that the AcbSh plays an important role in modulating use of drugs of abuse, but not other reinforcers.
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Tian, Bin. "Data dissemination protocols and mobility model for VANETs." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22739/document.
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Pendant les deux dernières décennies, les technologies de réseaux ad-hoc de véhicules (VANETs : Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks) ont été développées sous l’impulsion du monde de la recherche comme de l’industrie, étant donnés les liens des VANETs avec la sécurité routière, l’internet des objets (IoT/WoT : Internet of Things/Web of Things) pour les systèmes de transport intelligents (ITS : Intelligent Transportation Systems), les villes intelligentes et les villes vertes. Composant essentiel des VANETs, les protocoles de communication inter-véhicules (IVC : Inter-Vehicle Communication) font face à des défis techniques, en particulier à cause de la diversité des applications dans lesquelles ils sont impliqués. Dans cette thèse, après une présentation des VANETs et de l’état de l’art des IVC, nous proposons un protocole de dissémination de données, TrAD, conçu pour diffuser de manière efficiente des messages d’une source vers les véhicules présents dans la zone d’intérêt (ROI : Range of Interest). TrAD se base sur les états du trafic routier et du trafic réseau pour adapter localement la stratégie et les paramètres de transmission des données afin d’optimiser les performances des applications qui l’utilisent. De plus, un algorithme de classification des clusters locaux de véhicules est conçu pour permettre l’usage de TrAD sur autoroute aussi bien qu’en ville. Pour éviter l’encombrement des canaux de communication, un mécanisme illustratif de contrôle de la congestion reposant sur une approche distribuée est utilisé. Trois protocoles IVC de l’état de l’art ont été comparés à TrAD dans des scénarios réalistes de simulation, basés sur différentes villes réelles, différents trajets et densités véhiculaires. Les performances de TrAD surpassent celles des protocoles de référence en termes de taux de délivrance des paquets (PDR : Packet Delivery Ratio), nombre de transmissions et latence. De plus, nous montrons que TrAD est tolérant, dans une certaine mesure, aux erreurs sur les données GPS. Pour s’assurer de la qualité des simulations, nous avons étudié le modèle de déplacement employé dans le simulateur de trafic, puis couplé ce dernier au simulateur de réseau, afin que les deux s’échangent des informations en temps-réel. Grâce à la compréhension acquise lors de l’analyse du modèle de déplacement, nous avons pu développer un simulateur de conduite de tramway pour la T2C (Transports en Commun de l’agglomération Clermontoise). Des tests menés sur le matériel roulant nous ont permis d’élaborer des modèles de déplacement fidèles correspondants aux diverses situations rencontrées par le tramway. L’affichage de la simulation est assuré par un flux vidéo ajusté plutôt que des images de synthèse, ce qui permet de limiter le coût de développement tout en garantissant un certain réalisme dans l’affichage. Ce projet est soutenu par la T2C pour une durée de deux ans<br>In the last two decades, Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANETs) were developed significantly by both academic institute and industries association, since VANETs originate from traffic safety and are also an important application of Internet of Things / Web of Things (IoT/WoT) for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), Intelligent Vehicles and Smart Cities. As an essential component of VANETs, Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) protocols face many critical challenges, in particular, because they relate to various specific applications. In this thesis, after elaborating on related knowledge of VANETs and state-of-the-art of IVC protocols, we propose a data dissemination protocol for vehicular networking, named TrAD, to disseminate efficiently warning messages from a source to vehicles in a range of interest (ROI). TrAD considers the status of road traffic and network traffic to adapt locally the strategy and the parameters of transmissions in order to optimize the global performance of IVC application. Moreover, a local vehicular cluster classification algorithm is designed to support TrAD to be performed in both highway and urban scenarios. In addition, an illustrative congestion control mechanism is used to avoid channel congestion using a distributed approach. Three state-of-the-art IVC protocols have been compared with TrAD by means of realistic simulations. The performance of all those protocols is evaluated quantitatively in various scenarios by taking into account different real road maps, trafic routes and vehicular densities. Compared with the reference protocols, TrAD gains an outstanding overall performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, number of transmissions and delay. Furthermore, TrAD also can tolerate a reasonable degree of GPS drift while achieving efficient data dissemination. In order to ensure the quality of simulations, we deeply investigated the mobility model of road traffic simulator, and then performed the bidirectionally coupled simulation in which the network simulator and the road trafic simulator can exchange information in real-time. Upon understanding of the mobility model, we obtained a chance to develop a low-cost tram simulator for the local public transportation provider, the T2C (Transports en Commun de l’agglomération Clermontoise). We attempt to design accurate mobility models from different scenarios for the specific type of tram used by T2C. Real world trials are carried out to explore the key parameters required by theoretical deduction for our mobility model. Moreover, the display GUI relies on a video stream, rather than 3D graphics, which can reduce the cost while guaranteeing the quality of service. This project was supported for two years by T2C
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Alvaro, Pasquale Kristian. "The bidirectionality of the relationship between insomnia, anxiety and depression in adolescents: a longitudinal study." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/90266.
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Bidirectionality refers to whether variable x predicts and/or is predicted by variable y. This thesis identified and accounted for gaps within the literature on the bidirectionality of the relationship between insomnia, depression, and anxiety during adolescence. Namely, bidirectionality was assessed across different subtypes of anxiety, using continuous variables. The independent effect of chronotype on the bidirectionality of the relationship between insomnia and depression, and insomnia and subtypes of anxiety were also considered. Study one systematically reviewed the literature of the bidirectional associations between sleep disturbances, anxiety and depression across all age groups. In total, the systematic review contained nine independent studies. Best available evidence indicates that insomnia is bidirectionally related to anxiety and depression. The limited data available suggests that bidirectionality may extend beyond insomnia to other sleep disturbances, although additional research is needed to further clarify this notion. Study two assessed the cross-sectional independent relationships between insomnia and depression, and insomnia and various subtypes of anxiety during adolescence. The predictive effect of chronotype on insomnia, depression, and subtypes of anxiety was also assessed. Baseline data from 318 South Australian high school students in grades 7 to 11 (age range 12-18, mean 14.96 ± 1.34) were collected. Insomnia, depression, subtypes of anxiety and chronotype were assessed by validated self-report questionnaires. Insomnia predicted depression and panic disorder (PD) after controlling for confounders, although the latter was not considered clinically significant. Depression and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) predicted insomnia after confounders were controlled. Insomnia was not significantly associated with other subtypes of anxiety once depression was controlled. Eveningness uniquely predicted insomnia and depression, but was not associated with any anxiety subtype. Study three investigated the bidirectionality of the relationship between insomnia and various subtypes of anxiety, and insomnia and depression; and the independent predictive effects of chronotype on insomnia, depression, and each subtype of anxiety during adolescence. The study was longitudinal, with a 6-month follow-up. Two-hundred and fifty-five high school students completed self-report questionnaires at baseline and follow-up. Once depression was controlled, insomnia predicted depression and GAD after controlling for other variables, and vice-versa, but was not related to other anxiety subtypes in either direction. An evening chronotype predicted insomnia once other variables were controlled, but did not predict depression or subtypes of anxiety once insomnia was controlled. Together, the results suggest that insomnia is bidirectionally related to depression and GAD, and related to other subtypes of anxiety through a common factor, depression. Furthermore, chronotype predicts the development of insomnia, and is related to depression and anxiety subtypes through the common factor of insomnia. Chronotype, then, may be a risk-factor for the development of insomnia, which may subsequently contribute to depression or GAD, which in turn may create a vulnerability to other anxiety disorders. Ultimately, these findings may significantly enhance prevention and treatment. Chronotype, depression and GAD should be considered while implementing insomnia interventions, insomnia may be important to address in the treatment of depression and GAD, and depression should be assessed and considered for all sleep and anxiety disorder presentations.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2014
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"Mutations that Affect the Bidirectional Electron Transfer in Photosystem I." Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.27550.
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abstract: Photosystem I (PSI) is a multi-subunit, pigment-protein complex that catalyzes light-driven electron transfer (ET) in its bi-branched reaction center (RC). Recently it was suggested that the initial charge separation (CS) event can take place independently within each ec2/ec3 chlorophyll pair. In order to improve our understanding of this phenomenon, we have generated new mutations in the PsaA and PsaB subunits near the electron transfer cofactor 2 (ec2 chlorophyll). PsaA-Asn604 accepts a hydrogen bond from the water molecule that is the axial ligand of ec2B and the case is similar for PsaB-Asn591 and ec2A. The second set of targeted sites was PsaA-Ala684 and PsaB-Ala664, whose methyl groups are present near ec2A and ec2B, respectively. We generated a number of mutants by targeting the selected protein residues. These mutations were expected to alter the energetics of the primary charge separation event.
The PsaA-A684N mutants exhibited increased ET on the B-branch as compared to the A-branch in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. The transient electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy revealed the formation of increased B-side radical pair (RP) at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. The ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence decay measurement of the PsaA-A684N and PsaB-A664N showed a slight deceleration of energy trapping. Thus making mutations near ec2 on each branch resulted into modulation of the charge separation process. In the second set of mutants, where ec2 cofactor was target by substitution of PsaA-Asn604 or PsaB-Asn591 to other amino acids, a drop in energy trapping was observed. The quantum yield of CS decreases in Asn to Leu and His mutants on the respective branch. The P700 triplet state was not observed at room and cryogenic temperature for these mutants, nor was a rapid decay of P700+ in the nanosecond timescale, indicating that the mutations do not cause a blockage of electron transfer from the ec3 Chl. Time-resolved fluorescence results showed a decrease in the lifetime of the energy trapping. We interpret this decrease in lifetime as a new channel of excitation energy decay, in which the untrapped energy dissipates as heat through a fast internal conversion process. Thus, a variety of spectroscopic measurements of PSI with point mutations near the ec2 cofactor further support that the ec2 cofactor is involved in energy trapping process.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Doctoral Dissertation Biochemistry 2014
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Simões, Eliana Filipa da Mata. "Violência no namoro entre pessoas do mesmo sexo e stress minoritário: Um estudo descritivo-correlacional." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21018.
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A investigação científica tem progressivamente reconhecido a importância de estudar o fenómeno da violência nas relações íntimas. No entanto, verifica-se uma enorme lacuna na investigação da violência no namoro (VN) entre pessoas do mesmo sexo. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram caracterizar a prevalência em contexto nacional da VN entre pessoas do mesmo sexo, bem como explorar a sua associação com a satisfação na relação e o papel mediador da autoestima. Adicionalmente, e atendendo ao quadro conceptual do Stress Minoritário de Meyer (2003), explorou-se a relação com a abertura em relação à orientação sexual (AOS), a discriminação percecionada e a homonegatividade internalizada (HI). A investigação foi de cariz quantitativo e descritivo-correlacional numa amostra de conveniência (N = 229; 72.05 % mulheres e 27.95 % homens). Os resultados demonstraram que a discriminação se associou a níveis mais elevados de vitimização e perpetração. As subescalas da HI correlacionaram-se positivamente com a perpetração e negativamente com a vitimização. Verificaram-se correlações moderadas e significativas entre a vitimização e perpetração, sustentando a possível bidirecionalidade da VN. Constataram-se ainda correlações significativas entre a AOS e a HI, e entre a AOS e a discriminação. Verificaram-se correlações significativas e negativas entre a vitimização e a satisfação na relação, contrastando com a perpetração na qual não se constatou correlações significativas. A replicação do estudo com uma amostra mais diversificada é recomendada e são discutidos alguns resultados em termos de prevenção da VN nesta população.<br>The scientific research has progressively recognized the importance of studying the phenomenon of violence in intimate relationships. However there is a huge gap in the investigation of the same-sex dating violence (DV). The objectives of the present study were characterize the prevalence in national context of DV among people of the same sex as well to explore the association with relationship satisfaction and the mediation role of self-esteem. Additionally and considering the conceptual framework of Minority Stress from Meyer (2003) was explored the relationship with openness in relation to sexual orientation (OSO), perceived discrimination and internalized homonegativity (IH). The investigation was quantitative and descriptive-correlational in a convenience sample (N = 229; 72.05 % woman and 27.95 % men). The results showed that discrimination was associated with higher levels of victimization and perpetration. The IH subscales correlated positively with perpetration and negatively with victimization. There were moderate and significant correlation between victimization and perpetration supporting the possible bidirectionality of DV. Significant correlations were also found between OSO and IH, and between OSO and discrimination. There were significant and negative correlations between victimization and relationship satisfaction contrasting with the perpetration in which no significant correlations were found. The replication of the study with a more diverse sample is recommended and some results are discussed in terms of prevention of DV in this population.