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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Biomass gasification. Coal gasification. Thermogravimetry"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 10 de febrero de 2022

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1

Ardila-Barragán, Marco Antonio, Carlos Francisco Valdés-Rentería, Brennan Pecha, Alfonso López-Díaz, Eduardo Gil-Lancheros, Marley Cecilia Vanegas-Chamorro, Jesús Emilio Camporredondo-Saucedo y Luis Fernando Lozano-Gómez. "Gasification of coal, Chenopodium Album biomass, and co-gasification of a coal-biomass mixture by thermogravimetric-gas analysis". Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 28, n.º 53 (2 de octubre de 2019): 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v28.n53.2019.10147.

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Gasification studies were performed on sub-bituminous coal of the province Centro in Boyacá state of Colombia, vegetable biomass Chenopodium album (cenizo) and co-gasification of coal-biomass mixtures agglomerated with paraffin in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Biomass synergistically promoted thermochemical transformation of the coal was observed. Experimental results were compared to equilibrium composition simulations. Ash fusibility tests of the coal-biomass mixture were carried out, which allowed to clarify its behavior, such as dry or fluid ash according to own chemical composition, during the gasification process. The experimental tests allowed determining the differences in thermal decomposition, between coal, cenizo and coal-biomass blend, which are attributable to the physicochemical properties of each one solid fuel. During the tests, gas chromatography analyses were performed to establish the compositions of the syngas. The syngas obtained from biomass had the highest concentration of CO and the lowest H2; the coal and the coal-biomass mixture were slightly minor respectively. Concentrations of CH4, CO2 and C2H4 were similar between coal and biomass. This result is consistent with the higher calorific value of the coal syngas. The production of syngas from the coal-biomass mixture had the lowest contents of H2 and CO due to synergistic phenomena that occur with the fuel mixture. The co-gasification of the mixture gave the highest syngas production, carbon conversion, and thermal efficiency. These results indicate the viability of co-gasification of coal-Chenopodium album agglomerated mixtures. In gasification of non-agglomerated mixtures of coal-cenizo, the biomass can be burned directly without producing syngas.

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2

Wu, Zhi Qiang, Shu Zhong Wang, Jun Zhao, Lin Chen y Hai Yu Meng. "Co-Gasification Characteristic and Kinetic Analysis of Spent Mushroom Compost and Bituminous Coal". Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (julio de 2014): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.71.

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Co-gasification of biomass and coal is increasingly considered as a promising technology for sustainable utilization of coal and large-scale use of biomass. Co-gasification characteristic and kinetic analysis are the basic and essential information for the application of this technology. In this paper, co-gasification behavior of a typical bituminous coal from western China and spent mushroom compost (SMC) was investigated through thermogravimetric analyzer. The temperature interval was from ambient temperature to 1000 ○C with various heating rates (10, 20, 40 ○C•min-1) under carbon dioxide atmosphere. Kinetic parameter was solved through Distribution Activation Energy Model (DAEM). The results indicated that he maximum decomposition rates of the mixture and SMC were higher than that of coal except 25% SMC. Slightly synergistic effect during the co-gasification was found. The average values of the activation energy were 25.07 kJ•mol-1 for bituminous coal, 204.47 kJ•mol-1 for 25% SMC, 123.14 kJ•mol-1 for 50% SMC, 144.05 kJ•mol-1 for 75% SMC and 227.50 kJ•mol-1 for SMC, respectively.

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3

Li, Xiaoming, Caifeng Yang, Mengjie Liu, Jin Bai y Wen Li. "Influence of different biomass ash additive on anthracite pyrolysis process and char gasification reactivity". International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 7, n.º 3 (27 de julio de 2020): 464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-020-00349-6.

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Abstract Catalytic coal gasification technology shows prominent advantages in enhancing coal gasification reactivity and is restrained by the cost of catalyst. Two typical biomass ash additions, corn stalk ash (CSA, high K–Na and low Si) and poplar sawdust ash (PSA, high K–Ca and high Si), were employed to study the influence of biomass ash on pyrolysis process and char gasification reactivity of the typical anthracite. Microstructure characteristics of the char samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on isothermal char-CO2 gasification experiments, the influence of biomass ash on reactivity of anthracite char was determined using thermogravimetric analyzer. Furthermore, structural parameters were correlated with different reactivity parameters to illustrate the crucial factor on the gasification reactivity varied with char reaction stages. The results indicate that both CSA and PSA additives hinder the growth of adjacent basic structural units in a vertical direction of the carbon structure, and then slow down the graphitization process of the anthracite during pyrolysis. The inhibition effect is more prominent with the increasing of biomass ash. In addition, the gasification reactivity of anthracite char is significantly promoted, which could be mainly attributed to the abundant active AAEM (especially K and Na) contents of biomass ash and a lower graphitization degree of mixed chars. Higher K and Na contents illustrate that the CSA has more remarkable promotion effect on char gasification reactivity than PSA, in accordance with the inhibition effect on the order degree of anthracite char. The stacking layer number could reasonably act as a rough indicator for evaluating the gasification reactivity of the char samples.

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4

Czerski, Grzegorz, Katarzyna Zubek y Przemysław Grzywacz. "Kinetics of Pyrolysis and Gasification Using Thermogravimetric and Thermovolumetric Analyses". GeoScience Engineering 62, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2016): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0004.

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Abstract The carbon dioxide gasification process of Miscanthus giganteus biomass was examined using two methods. First an isothermal thermovolumetric method was applied. The measurement was conducted at 950°C and pressure of 0.1 MPa. Based on the continuous analysis of different kinds of gases formed during the gasification process, the thermovolumetric method allowed the determination of yields and composition of the resulting gas as well as the rate constant of CO formation. Then a non-isothermal thermogravimetric method was applied, during which the loss of weight of a sample as a function of temperature was recorded. In the course of the measurement, the temperature was raised from ambient to 950°C and the pressure was 0.1 MPa. As a result, a change in the carbon conversion degree was obtained. Moreover, TGA methods allow distinguishing various stages of the gasification process such as primary pyrolysis, secondary pyrolysis and gasification, and determining kinetic parameters for each stage. The presented methods differs from each other as they are based either on the analysis of changes in the resulting product or on the analysis of changes in the supplied feedstock, but both can be successfully used to the effective examination of kinetics of the gasification process. In addition, an important advantage of both methods is the possibility to carry out the gasification process for different solid fuels as coal, biomass, or solid waste in the atmosphere of a variety of gasification agents.

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5

Nwabunwanne, Nwokolo, Tonga Vuyokazi, Adeniji Olagoke, Ojemaye Mike, Mukumba Patrick y Okoh Anthony. "Torrefaction Characteristics of Blended Ratio of Sewage Sludge and Sugarcane Bagasse for Energy Production". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 6 (16 de marzo de 2021): 2654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062654.

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Torrefaction is a thermal pretreatment technique usually adopted for improving biomass properties to be on par with that of coal for energy production. In this study, the torrefaction characteristics of blended fuel of sewage sludge (SS) and sugarcane bagasse (BG) biomass were investigated for the purpose of gasification. The thermal degradation behavior of the blended biomass sample was tested in an inert atmosphere from ambient temperature to 900 °C using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The obtained TGA data aided in the determination of thermochemical parameters that are of necessity in gasification. Morphological changes in the blended torrefied samples were examined through scanning electron microscopy. Further changes in the chemical structure of the samples were investigated through Fourier-transform infrared analysis. The blend ratio of 75% SS + 25% BG torrefied at 350 °C gave the highest energy value (HHV) of 23.62 MJ/kg, fixed carbon of 51.37 wt % and fuel ratio of 1.70. The obtained fuel ratio is comparable to that required for optimum combustion performance of coal. The morphological structure of the samples showed that there was an aggregation of the biomass particles into small lumps at higher torrefaction temperature for 50% SS + 50% BG and 75% SS + 25% BG blend indicating a better grind ability of the biomass material. Thus, it can be concluded that the blend and torrefaction enhanced the properties of the biomass materials.

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6

Dai, Bing, Jia-Yong Qiu, Shan Ren, Bu-Xin Su, Xiang Ding, Dian-Chun Ju, Ni Bai y Hong-Ming Long. "Kinetic analysis of CO2 gasification of biochar and anthracite based on integral isoconversional nonlinear method". High Temperature Materials and Processes 39, n.º 1 (2 de octubre de 2020): 527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2020-0086.

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AbstractThe nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis was implemented for gasification of sawdust char (SD-char), wheat straw char (WS-char), rice husk char (RH-char), bamboo char (BB-char) and anthracite coal (AC) in the presence of CO2. The dependence of activation energy upon conversion for different biochars and AC was obtained by the integral isoconversional nonlinear (NL-INT) method which is a model-free method. Based on the activation energy values from the NL-INT method, a model-fitting method called random pore model (RPM) was used to estimate the kinetic parameters including the preexponential factor and pore structure parameter from the experimental data. The results are shown that the gasification reactivity of different samples from high to low can be sorted as that of WS-char, SD-char, BB-char, RH-char and AC. In the early stage of gasification, the activation energy values of biochars increase generally with an increase in the conversion degree, whereas the value of AC decreases. Thereafter, the activation energy values remain almost unchanged when the conversion is up to some extent. When the conversion degree varies between about 0.3 and 0.9, these carbon materials can be sorted in the order of average activation energy from low to high as WS-char, SD-char, AC, RH-char and BB-char, respectively, 134.3, 143.8, 168.5, 184.8 and 193.0 kJ/mol. It is shown that a complex multistep mechanism occurs in the initial stage of gasification, while a single-step gasification mechanism exists in the rest of the gasification process. The RPM is suitable for describing the gasification of biomass chars and AC except the initial gasification. Additionally, it is found that the kinetic compensation effect (KCE) still exists in the gasification reactions of biochars and AC. However, the AC deviates markedly from the KCE curve. This may be caused by the similarity of carbonaceous structure of biochars and the difference in reactivity between biochars and AC.

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7

Kazawadi, Deodatus, Geoffrey R. John y Cecil K. King’ondu. "Experimental Investigation of Thermal Characteristics of Kiwira Coal Waste with Rice Husk Blends for Gasification". Journal of Energy 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/562382.

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Eminent depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution are the key forces driving the implementation cofiring of fossil fuels and biomass. Cogasification as a technology is known to have advantages of low cost, high energy recovery, and environmental friendliness. The performance/efficiency of this energy recovery process substantially depends on thermal properties of the fuel. This paper presents experimental study of thermal behavior of Kiwira coal waste/rice husks blends. Compositions of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% weight percentage rice husk were studied using thermogravimetric analyzer at the heating rate of 10 K/min to 1273 K. Specifically, degradation rate, conversion rate, and kinetic parameters have been studied. Thermal stability of coal waste was found to be higher than that of rice husks. In addition, thermal stability of coal waste/rice husk blend was found to decrease with an increase of rice husks. In contrast, both the degradation and devolatilization rates increased with the amount of rice husk. On the other hand, the activation energy dramatically reduced from 131 kJ/mol at 0% rice husks to 75 kJ/mol at 100% rice husks. The reduction of activation energy is advantageous as it can be used to design efficient performance and cost effective cogasification process.

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8

Teh, Jun Sheng, Yew Heng Teoh, Heoy Geok How y Farooq Sher. "Thermal Analysis Technologies for Biomass Feedstocks: A State-of-the-Art Review". Processes 9, n.º 9 (8 de septiembre de 2021): 1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091610.

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An effective analytical technique for biomass characterisation is inevitable for biomass utilisation in energy production. To improve biomass processing, various thermal conversion methods such as torrefaction, pyrolysis, combustion, hydrothermal liquefaction, and gasification have been widely used to improve biomass processing. Thermogravimetric analysers (TG) and gas chromatography (GC) are among the most fundamental analytical techniques utilised in biomass thermal analysis. Thus, GC and TG, in combination with MS, FTIR, or two-dimensional analysis, were used to examine the key parameters of biomass feedstock and increase the productivity of energy crops. We can also determine the optimal ratio for combining two separate biomass or coals during co-pyrolysis and co-gasification to achieve the best synergetic relationship. This review discusses thermochemical conversion processes such as torrefaction, combustion, hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification. Then, the thermochemical conversion of biomass using TG and GC is discussed in detail. The usual emphasis on the various applications of biomass or bacteria is also discussed in the comparison of the TG and GC. Finally, this study investigates the application of technologies for analysing the composition and developed gas from the thermochemical processing of biomass feedstocks.

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9

Hao, Jia y Qi Min Wang. "The Interaction Mechanism of Biomass and Coal Co-Gasification". Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (agosto de 2013): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.330.

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The development of biomass and coal co-gasification technology not only helps to alleviate the energyshortage crisis, but also reduces the pollution of fossil fuels to ecological environment. Co-gasification of biomass and coal can overcome in a certain extent tar emerge in biomass gasification, alkali chloride corrosion, low reaction temperature etc, can increase the calorific value of the gasified gas, can also improve the gasification characteristics. However, due to the biomass compositions differences and the gasification technologies differences, there are the different studies results of co-gasification of biomass and coal. This paper summarized and analyzed the biomass and coal co-gasification study literatures, it is conclude that the biomass compositions can enhance the coal gasification reaction if the biomass compositions intensive mixed with the coal compositions. If not, the biomass gasification and the coal gasification would react separately. This conclusion provides a theoretical basis of the biomass and coal co-gasification and accelerates the biomass gasification technologies development.

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10

Hotchkiss, R. "Coal gasification technologies". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 217, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2003): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765003321148664.

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This paper reviews coal gasification processes and technology. Sources of more detailed information in specific areas are suggested. The merits and disadvantages of incorporating coal gasification into power generation plants are discussed. The recent history of coal gasification technology and the current state of projects are summarized. The potential for large-scale coal gasification, small-scale coal gasification and cogasification of coal with biomass and/or wastes in the current economic climate is discussed.

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11

Nowak, Benedikt, Oskar Karlström, Peter Backman, Anders Brink, Maria Zevenhoven, Severin Voglsam, Franz Winter y Mikko Hupa. "Mass transfer limitation in thermogravimetry of biomass gasification". Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 111, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2012): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2400-9.

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12

Othman, Nor Fadzilah y Mohd Hariffin Bosrooh. "GASIFICATION STUDY OF SARAWAK COALS". ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 25, n.º 1 (19 de noviembre de 2017): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.232.

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Thermogravimetry (TG) has been applied in a preliminary investigation, to the gasification of two low rank Sarawak coals. The coal samples, about 10 mg were investigated within the temperature range 30–900°C at different heating rate of 10, 20 and 30°C min-1, under a synthetic air atmosphere for the gasification study. The kinetic parameters were determined using Arrhenius type reaction model assuming a first-order reaction. The reactivity, RT values are fitted with Arrhenius equation at r2 = 0.83 - 0.98 for MP coal, while the RT values for MB coal are fitted with the Arrhenius equation at r2 = 0.99. The activation energy, EA for MP coal are in the range of 3.7 -4.7 kJ mol-1 and for MB coal are 7.6 - 25.6 kJ mol-1 at 3 different heating rates.

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13

Kök, Mustafa Verşan y Betul Yildirim. "Gasification kinetics of Thrace region coal by thermogravimetry analysis". Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 188 (mayo de 2020): 106869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106869.

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14

Balaji, R., A. Govindaraj, C. Karthikeyan y A. Raghupathy. "Simulation of Biomass Gasification". Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (julio de 2014): 1771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1771.

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This paper deals with the modeling and analysis of drying of biomass in gasification. Biomass is a potential alternative for fossil fuels like coal, oil etc., to sustainably meet the increasing energy needs of the world. The different methods of conversion of biomass are anaerobic and thermo chemical conversion. Since, thermo chemical conversion is a reliable one we opted to choose it. The paper deals more with the analysis of the biomass drying and heat transfer towards the inlet air for combustion. The proposed work increases the efficiency of the drying chamber by increasing the temperature of the inlet air and also it analyses on increasing the effectiveness of the heat exchanger by changing the input values by simulation. Simulation is the initiation of the real world process or system overtime. It is also used with the scientific modeling of human system to gain insight. Here simulation is carried out using MATLAB. It is user friendly and adds real time values in coding.The results are plotted in the graph shows the comparative performance before and after preheating.

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15

Chmielniak, Tomasz, Leszek Stepien, Marek Sciazko y Wojciech Nowak. "Effect of Pyrolysis Reactions on Coal and Biomass Gasification Process". Energies 14, n.º 16 (18 de agosto de 2021): 5091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165091.

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Thermodynamic analysis of a gasification process was conducted assuming that it is composed of two successive stages, namely: pyrolysis reaction followed by a stage of gasification reaction. This approach allows formulation the models of selected gasification processes dominating in industrial applications namely: Shell (coal), SES (coal), and DFB (dual fluid bed, biomass) gasification. It was shown that the enthalpy of fuel formation is essential for the correctness of computed results. The specific computational formula for a wide range of fuels enthalpy of formation was developed. The following categories were evaluated in terms of energy balance: total reaction enthalpy of gasification process, enthalpy of pyrolysis reaction, enthalpy of gasification reaction, heat demand for pyrolysis reaction, and heat demand for gasification reactions. The discussion of heat demand for particular stages of gasification related to the various processes was performed concluding the importance of the pyrolysis stage.

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16

Kajitani, Shiro, Yan Zhang, Satoshi Umemoto, Masami Ashizawa y Saburo Hara. "Co-gasification Reactivity of Coal and Woody Biomass in High-Temperature Gasification†". Energy & Fuels 24, n.º 1 (21 de enero de 2010): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef900526h.

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17

YAMADA, Tetsuo, Masatomo AKANO, Takanobu HORIKAWA, Harumi HASHIMOTO, Tsutomu SUZUKI, Toshihiko MARUYAMA, Qing Yue WANG y Mitsushi KAMIDE. "Steam Gasification of Coal-Biomass Briquettes (I)". Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 83, n.º 11 (2004): 932–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.83.932.

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18

Li, Hong Tao, Bing Xi Li, You Ning Xu, Ya Ning Zhang y Lei Wang. "Theoretical Gasification Index Model for Actual Fuel Gasified with Air and Air/Steam". Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (mayo de 2012): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.483.

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Based on mass balance, energy balance and chemical equilibrium, a theoretical gasification index model for actual fuel gasified with air and air/steam was established considering the key reactions of ultimate compositions in the fuel. The model can be used to predict the gasification index, such as the syngas composition, the syngas calorific value, gasification efficiency and syngas yield. The theoretical gasification indexes of some coal and biomass were obtained by this model. The simulated results show that: For the actual fuel, the syngas calorific value for air gasification is lower than that for air/steam gasification, and the syngas calorific value from coal is lower than that from biomass, whereas the syngas yield from coal is higher than that from biomass.

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Brar, J. S., K. Singh, J. Wang y S. Kumar. "Cogasification of Coal and Biomass: A Review". International Journal of Forestry Research 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/363058.

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Recently, there has been significant research interest in cogasification of coal and various types of biomass blends to improve biomass gasification by reducing the tar content in the product gas. In addition, ash present in biomass catalyzes the gasification of coal. However, due to the fibrous nature of biomass and the large difference in gasification temperature of coal and biomass, cogasification in existing systems presents technical challenges. This paper documents research studies conducted on the cogasification of various types of coal and biomass using different types of gasifiers under various sets of operating conditions. In addition, the influence of cogasification on upstream and downstream processing is presented.

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20

Tursun, Yalkunjan, Shaoping Xu, Guangyong Wang, Chao Wang y Yahui Xiao. "Tar formation during co-gasification of biomass and coal under different gasification condition". Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 111 (enero de 2015): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2014.11.012.

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Wan Ismail, Wan Muhamad Syafiq y Ruwaida Abdul Rasid. "CO-GASIFICATION OF COAL AND EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH (EFB) IN AN ENTRAINED FLOW GASIFICATION PROCESS". Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology 2, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 2017): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v2i1.3815.

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In Malaysia, empty fruit bunch (EFB) is one of the major biomass source from the palm oil industry. It is an environmental friendly, renewable and sustainable source of energy, which may be used to generate electricity and other forms of energy. EFB may be converted into synthesis gas (syngas) through the gasification process, or mixed with coal through the co-gasification process. Raw EFB usually consists of high moisture content and low energy density compared to coal. Having a mixture of biomass and coal is one of the method to increase the efficiency of the biomass gasification process. Hence, it is the objective of this work to investigate the co-gasification of coal and EFB at various process conditions, whereby, an entrained flow gasifier was used to investigate the effect of the gasification temperature in the range of 700°C – 900°C, for various coal-EFB mixtures on the syngas composition. The produced gas was collected and quantified using gas chromatography. It was found that when the mass ratio of coal to EFB was increased, the production of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) also increases. Besides that, the carbon conversion and the higher heating value (HHV) of the gas products also increases with increasing in mass ratio of coal-EFB mixtures. The highest cold gas efficiency (CGE) recorded for coal mixture is 2.72 MJ/m3. Thus, this shows the potential in co-gasification for producing alternative energy to the conventional fossil fuel resources that is depleting.

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Jones, J. C. "The composition of syngas from coal-biomass gasification". Fuel 89, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2010): 4059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.04.036.

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Hrbek, Jitka. "Past, present and future of thermal gasification of biomass and waste". Acta Innovations, n.º 35 (30 de junio de 2020): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.35.1.

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The thermal gasification has been used for nearly 200 years. At the beginning coal or peat were used as a feedstock to produce gas for cooking and lighting. Nowadays, the coal gasification is still actual, anyway, in times without fossils the biomass and waste gasification becomes more important. In this paper, the past, present and future of the biomass and waste gasification (BWG) is discussed. The current status of BWG in Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and USA is detailed described and the future potential of the technology is outlined.

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Rizkiana, Jenny, Ryzka Pranata, Hasna Nisrina Fauzi, Winny Wulandari y Dwiwahju Sasongko. "Low Rank Coal Pre-treatment to Increase Its Reactivity Towards Gasification with Biomass". MATEC Web of Conferences 156 (2018): 03020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815603020.

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Coal can be used to produce hydrogen through steam gasification process. Indonesia has abundant coal reserves and thus hydrogen production from coal is very attractive. However, steam gasification of coal usually requires high temperature due to its low volatile content. The use of catalyst, such as alkaline and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) may promote the hydrogen production. AAEM metal can be found in biomass and thus co-gasification of coal and biomass may become the attractive solution as the AAEM may volatilize during gasification and catalyze the coal when it attaches to the coal surface. However, the presence of silicate may decrease catalytic activity of the attached AAEM and thus it needs to be removed by deashing process. This research aims to determine the effect of the solution type, solution concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time of coal deashing. The results showed that deashing process decreased the ash content of coal to some extent proved by the gravimetric analysis result. The decrease of ash content also affected to the surface morphology of the coal as some pores are formed and thus the surface area of coal increased slightly. The increase of surface area allows more AAEM to be attached to the coal surface so that the coal may become more reactive towards steam gasification.

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Zhang, Jinzhi, Zhiqi Wang, Ruidong Zhao y Jinhu Wu. "Gasification of Shenhua Bituminous Coal with CO2: Effect of Coal Particle Size on Kinetic Behavior and Ash Fusibility". Energies 13, n.º 13 (29 de junio de 2020): 3313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133313.

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Coal gasification is the process that produces valuable gaseous mixtures consisting primarily of H2 and CO, which can be used to produce liquid fuel and various kinds of chemicals. The literature shows that the effect of particle size on coal gasification and fusibility of coal ash is not clear. In this study, the gasification kinetics and ash fusibility of three coal samples with different particle size ranges were investigated. Thermogravimetric results of coal under a CO2 atmosphere showed that the whole weight loss process consisted of three stages: the loss of moisture, the release of volatile matter, and char gasification with CO2. Coal is a heterogeneous material containing impurities. Different grinding fineness leads to different liberation degrees for impurities. As for the effect of particle size on TG (thermogravimetry) curves, we found that the final solid residue amount was the largest for the coal sample with the smallest particle size. The Miura-Maki isoconversional model was proved to be appropriate to estimate the activation energy and its value experienced a slow increase when the particle size of raw coal increased. Further, we found that particle size had an important impact on ash fusion temperatures and small particle size resulted in higher ash fusion temperatures.

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Mafu, Lihle D., Hein W. J. P. Neomagus, Raymond C. Everson, Gregory N. Okolo, Christien A. Strydom y John R. Bunt. "The carbon dioxide gasification characteristics of biomass char samples and their effect on coal gasification reactivity during co-gasification". Bioresource Technology 258 (junio de 2018): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.053.

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27

Raibhole, N. Vaijanath y S. N. Sapali. "Simulation of Biomass Gasification with Oxygen/Air as Gasifying Agent by ASPEN Plus". Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (diciembre de 2012): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.633.

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In today`s scenario of depleting conventional fossil fuels biomass provides an alternate source of energy. Gasification is a chemical process that converts carbonaceous materials like biomass into useful convenient gaseous fuels or chemical feedstock. The gasification process uses an agent air or oxygen, hydrogen or steam to convert carbonaceous materials into gaseous products. As air gasification produces poor quality syngas, oxygen is used as gasifying agent for biomass gasification. Biomass gasification with oxygen as gasifying agent has great potential in applications like IGCC (Integrated Gasification combined cycle), Chemical Production and Fischer-tropsch products. In this paper the simulation model of a biomass gasifier for different biomass like charcoal, rice husk and wood pellets with oxygen and air as a gasifying agent is developed using ASPEN Plus. The model predicts syngas composition, heating value, temperature, pressure and quantity of gas produced. These results are obtained for various feedstocks like wood pallets, rice husk, and Indian coal on the basis of proximate and ultimate analysis.

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28

Chmielniak, Tomasz y Marek Sciazko. "Co-gasification of biomass and coal for methanol synthesis". Applied Energy 74, n.º 3-4 (marzo de 2003): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(02)00184-8.

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29

PRINS, M., K. PTASINSKI y F. JANSSEN. "From coal to biomass gasification: Comparison of thermodynamic efficiency". Energy 32, n.º 7 (julio de 2007): 1248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.07.017.

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30

Zhu, Bang Yang, Han Xu Li, Jie Yao, Qiao Liu, Zi Li Zhang y Xiang Cao. "Influence of Sewage Sludge on the Slurrying Properties and Co-Gasification Kinetics of Coal-Sludge Slurries". Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (enero de 2013): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.239.

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The feature of coal-sludge slurries(CSSs) were studied by mixing Shenhua coal and sewage sludge collected from Huainan sewage treatment plant. The results showed that, the rheological properties of CSSs prepared with the adding dosage from 0 to 15% were the shearing and diluting feature. With the adding dosages of the sludge increase, the apparent viscosity values increased and the maximum solid concentrations of CSSs decreased. Also, the gasification kinetics were studied by Thermogravimetry-Fourier Transform Infrared(TG-FTIR). The gasification starting temperatures and activation energy decreased with the adding dosages of the sludge increase, it indicated that the process was accelerated by sewage sludge.

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31

Encinar, José María, Juan Félix González y Sergio Nogales-Delgado. "Thermogravimetry of the Steam Gasification of Calluna vulgaris: Kinetic Study". Catalysts 11, n.º 6 (22 de mayo de 2021): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11060657.

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On account of the continuous decrease in oil reserves, as well as the promotion of sustainable policies, there is an increasing interest in biomass conversion processes, which imply the search for new raw materials as energy sources, like forestry and agricultural wastes. On the other hand, gasification seems to be a suitable thermal conversion process for this purpose. This work studied the thermogravimetry of the steam gasification of charcoal from heather (Calluna vulgaris) in order to determine the kinetics of the process under controlled reaction conditions. The variables studied were temperature (from 750 to 900 °C), steam partial pressure (from 0.26 to 0.82 atm), initial charcoal mass (from 50 to 106 mg), particle size (from 0.4 to 2.0 mm), N2 and steam volumetric flows (from 142 to 446 mL·min−1) and catalyst (K2CO3) concentration (from 0 to 10% w/w). The use of the shrinking core model and uniform conversion model allowed us to determine the kinetic parameters of the process. As a result, a positive influence of catalyst concentration was found up to 7.5% w/w. The kinetic study of the catalytic steam gasification showed activation energies of 99.5 and 114.8 kJ·mol−1 and order of reactions (for steam) of 1/2 and 2/3.

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32

Chen, W. H., J. C. Chen, C. D. Tsai y S. W. Du. "Experimental Study of Coal Pyrolysis and Gasification in Association with Syngas Combustion". Journal of Mechanics 23, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2007): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100001374.

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AbstractCoal pyrolysis and gasification incorporating synthesis gas (syngas) combustion are investigated experimentally in the present study. Two different coals are considered; one pertains to high-volatile bituminous and the other low-volatile one. For the pyrolysis, using thermogravimetry in association with mass spectrometry reveals that the concentrations of CO and CO2 increase with increasing temperature, whereas those of H2 and CH4 undergo increase followed by decrease. Regarding the gasification, the formations of the four gases between the two different coals are similar. However, when the reaction temperature is relatively low such as 800°C, carbon reactivity of the low-volatile coal decays in a significant way. Furthermore, with the reaction temperature of 1000°C the entire gasification histories of the two coals can be divided into five periods in accordance with syngas combustion. They are initiated, growing, rapidly decaying, progressively decaying, and frozen periods, sequentially. The flame is wrinkled in the growing and rapidly decaying periods where the reaction strength is much higher than that near extinction. When the reaction temperatures are 800 and 900°C, the growing and rapidly decaying periods tend to wither. Recognizing the syngas combustion characteristics, one is capable of figuring out the coal gasification process in more detail.

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33

Valero, Antonio y Sergio Usón. "Oxy-co-gasification of coal and biomass in an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant". Energy 31, n.º 10-11 (agosto de 2006): 1643–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.01.005.

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34

Maryudi, Maryudi, Agus Aktawan y Siti Salamah. "Conversion of Biomass of Bagasse to Syngas Through Downdraft Gasification". Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 7, n.º 1 (26 de junio de 2018): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11621.

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National energy demand has been fulfilled by non-renewable energy sources, such as natural gas, petroleum, coal and so on. However, non-renewable energy reserves deplete increasingly which can cause an energy crisis. Conversion of biomass into energy becomes one of the solutions to overcome it. Indonesia has an enormous biomass potential especially from sugarcane plantation. Sugarcane plantations produce waste of bagasse abundantly. Commonly bagasse is utilized as energy source by conventional combustion. This research studies the utilization of bagasse as energy source by gasification technology to produce gas fuel. The gasification model used in this research is downdraft gasifier equipped with cyclone to separate gas with solid or liquid gasification products. The result has shown that gasification of bagasse has produced flammable syngas. The increase of bagasse weight increases the amount of syngas of gasification process. Carbon monoxide is the greatest content of syngas, while a few amount of H2, CH4 are also detected. Bagasse through gasification process is very potential source of alternative energy, since it is derived from waste and a cheap material.

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35

Minchener, A. J. "Syngas Europa". Mechanical Engineering 121, n.º 07 (1 de julio de 1999): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-jul-2.

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This article highlights that the European Commission is supporting a wide range of clean coal technology research and development initiatives, including those known as APAS (Activité de Promotion, d'Accompagnement et de Suivi) and Joule (after the 19th-century British physicist James Joule). APAS, a two-year multiple-partner program, was set up to evaluate gasification processes using biomass, sewage sludge, and other wastes as co-feedstocks with coal. The Joule 3 co-gasification initiative was designed to aid European industry to address the technical issues for fluidized bed co-gasification applications. The Joule 2 project for the enhancement of the efficiency of coal-fired power generation systems was undertaken by Siemens and the University of Essen in Germany, and Babcock and Wilcox Espanola in Spain. In the Joule 3 project on advanced cycle technologies, the University of Essen and four partners have investigated measures to reduce costs, enhance efficiency, and provide a basis for an advanced design. The studies also included co-gasification of coal and biomass in an entrained-flow gasifier suitable for IGCCs.

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36

Song, Yun-cai, Qiao-tong Li, Fang-zhou Li, Lai-song Wang, Chang-chun Hu, Jie Feng y Wen-ying Li. "Pathway of biomass-potassium migration in co-gasification of coal and biomass". Fuel 239 (marzo de 2019): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.11.023.

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37

Vamvuka, Despina, Evaggelia Karouki, Stelios Sfakiotakis y Piero Salatino. "Gasification of Waste Biomass Chars by Carbon Dioxide via Thermogravimetry—Effect of Catalysts". Combustion Science and Technology 184, n.º 1 (enero de 2012): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2011.618152.

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38

de Jong, Wiebren, Jans Andries y Klaus R. G. Hein. "Coal/biomass co-gasification in a pressurised fluidised bed reactor". Renewable Energy 16, n.º 1-4 (enero de 1999): 1110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(98)00432-7.

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39

Brage, Claes, Qizhuang Yu, Guanxing Chen y Krister Sjöström. "Tar evolution profiles obtained from gasification of biomass and coal". Biomass and Bioenergy 18, n.º 1 (enero de 2000): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0961-9534(99)00069-0.

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40

., Akash B. Boharapi. "CO-GASIFICATION OF COAL AND BIOMASS – THERMODYNAMIC AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY". International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 04, n.º 06 (25 de junio de 2015): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0406059.

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41

LI, Xue, Yoshinori ITAYA, Nobusuke KOBAYASHI y GuiLin PIAO. "188 Study on Co-gasification Rate of Coal and Biomass". Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch 2015.64 (2015): _188–1_—_188–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetokai.2015.64._188-1_.

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42

Lin, Shi-Ying. "Development of Ca Looping Three-Towers CFB Biomass/Coal gasification". Energy Procedia 63 (2014): 2116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.228.

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43

Yi, Zhu, Adetoyese Olajire Oyedun, Wang Maojian, Tesfaldet Gebreegziabher, Zhang Yu, Liu Jin y Hui Chi Wai. "Modeling, Integration and Optimization of Biomass and Coal Co-gasification". Energy Procedia 61 (2014): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.919.

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44

Mallick, Debarshi, Pinakeswar Mahanta y Vijayanand Suryakant Moholkar. "Co-gasification of coal and biomass blends: Chemistry and engineering". Fuel 204 (septiembre de 2017): 106–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.05.006.

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45

Tursun, Yalkunjan, Shaoping Xu, Chao Wang, Yahui Xiao y Guangyong Wang. "Steam co-gasification of biomass and coal in decoupled reactors". Fuel Processing Technology 141 (enero de 2016): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.06.046.

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46

Tilghman, Matthew B. y Reginald E. Mitchell. "Coal and biomass char reactivities in gasification and combustion environments". Combustion and Flame 162, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2015): 3220–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.05.009.

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47

S, Jargalmaa, Tsatsral G, Battsetseg M, Batkhishig D, Ankhtuya A, Namkhainorov J, Bat-Ulzii B, Purevsuren B y Avid B. "Kinetic study of Mongolian coals by thermal analysis". Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 18, n.º 44 (13 de febrero de 2018): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v18i44.933.

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Thermal analysis was used for the thermal characterization of the coal samples. The experiments were performed to study the pyrolysis and gasification kinetics of typical Mongolian brown coals. Low rank coals from Shivee ovoo, Ulaan ovoo, Aduun chuluun and Baganuur deposits have been investigated. Coal samples were heated in the thermogravimetric apparatus under argon at a temperature ranges of 25-1020ºC with heating rates of 10, 20, 30 and 40ºC/min. Thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) were performed to measure weight changes and rates of weight losses used for calculating the kinetic parameters. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated from the experimental results by using an Arrhenius type kinetic model.

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48

Xiao, Yahui, Shaoping Xu, Yong Liu y Congzhen Qiao. "Catalytic steam co-gasification of biomass and coal in a dual loop gasification system with olivine catalysts". Journal of the Energy Institute 93, n.º 3 (junio de 2020): 1074–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2019.10.002.

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49

Jeong, Hyo Jae, In Sik Hwang, Sang Shin Park y Jungho Hwang. "Investigation on co-gasification of coal and biomass in Shell gasifier by using a validated gasification model". Fuel 196 (mayo de 2017): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.01.103.

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50

Shahbaz, Muhammad, Suzana yusup, Abrar Inayat, David Onoja Patrick y Muhammad Ammar. "The influence of catalysts in biomass steam gasification and catalytic potential of coal bottom ash in biomass steam gasification: A review". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 73 (junio de 2017): 468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.153.

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