Artículos de revistas: "Bipolar II disorder"

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Fawcett, Jan. "Bipolar II Disorder". Psychiatric Annals 26, n.º 7 (2 de julio de 1996): S440—S443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19960702-06.

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Benazzi, Franco. "Bipolar II Disorder". CNS Drugs 21, n.º 9 (2007): 727–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200721090-00003.

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Dunner, David L. "Bipolar II Disorder". Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 75, n.º 05 (15 de mayo de 2014): e465. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.14bk09063.

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Dunner, David L. "Bipolar II disorder". Bipolar Disorders 19, n.º 7 (noviembre de 2017): 520–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12567.

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Torrent, Carla, Anabel Martínez-Arán, Claire Daban, Jose Sánchez-Moreno, Mercè Comes, José Manuel Goikolea, Manel Salamero y Eduard Vieta. "Cognitive impairment in bipolar II disorder". British Journal of Psychiatry 189, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2006): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.017269.

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BackgroundPersistent impairments in neurocognitive function have been described in bipolar disorder.AimsTo compare the cognitive performance of patients with bipolar II disorder with that of patients with bipolar I disorder and a healthy control group.MethodThe study included 71 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (38 bipolar I, 33 bipolar II), who were compared on clinical and neuropsychological variables (e.g. executive function, attention, verbal and visual memory) and contrasted with 35 healthy controls on cognitive performance.ResultsCompared with controls, both bipolar groups showed significant deficits in most cognitive tasks including working memory (Digit Span Backwards, P=0.002) and attention (Digit Span Forwards, P=0.005; Trail Making Test, P=0.001). Those with type II disorders had an intermediate level of performance between the bipolar I group and the control group in verbal memory (P < 0.005) and executive functions (Stroop interference task, P=0.020).ConclusionsCognitive impairment exists in both subtypes of bipolar disorder, although more so in the bipolar I group. The best predictors of poor psychosocial functioning in bipolar II disorder were subclinical depressive symptoms, early onset of illness and poor performance on a measure related to executive function.

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Parker, Gordon B., Mia Romano, Rebecca K. Graham y Tahlia Ricciardi. "Comparative familial aggregation of bipolar disorder in patients with bipolar I and bipolar II disorders". Australasian Psychiatry 26, n.º 4 (8 de mayo de 2018): 414–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856218772249.

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Objective: We sought to quantify the prevalence and differential prevalence of a bipolar disorder among family members of patients with a bipolar I or II disorder. Methods: The sample comprised 1165 bipolar and 1041 unipolar patients, with the former then sub-typed as having either a bipolar I or II condition. Family history data was obtained via an online self-report tool. Results: Prevalence of a family member having a bipolar disorder (of either sub-type) was distinctive (36.8%). Patients with a bipolar I disorder reported a slightly higher family history (41.2%) compared to patients with a bipolar II disorder (36.3%), and with both significantly higher than the rate of bipolar disorder in family members of unipolar depressed patients (18.5%). Conclusions: Findings support the view that bipolar disorder is heritable. The comparable rates in the two bipolar sub-types support the positioning of bipolar II disorder as a valid condition with strong genetic underpinnings.

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Adomaitiene, V., A. Kunigeliene, K. Dambrauskiene y V. Danileviciute. "Bipolar Affective Disorders: Diagnostic and Treatment Situation in Lithuania". European Psychiatry 24, S1 (enero de 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70790-4.

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Introduction:Bipolar disorder is one of the most important psychiatric diseases. This is a lifelong illness which increases disability, bad social, employment, and functional outcomes. Bipolar disorder causes dramatic mood swings - from overly “high” and irritable to sad and hopeless, often with periods of normal mood between. Bipolar I disorder is characterized by a history of at least one manic episode, with or without depressive symptoms. Bipolar II disorder is characterized by the presence of both depressive symptoms and a less severe form of mania.Objective:To review diagnostic and treatment situation of bipolar affective disorders in Lithuania.Method:A review of bipolar affective disorders in Lithuania: the prevalence of bipolar disorders, the differences between genders, the clinical features between genders.Results:Studies have suggested, that the prevalence of bipolar disorder in Lithuania is 1 % of population. The rates of bipolar disorder: in 2003 was 1131 cases, in 2004 - 1133 cases, in 2005 - 1147 cases, in 2006 - 1255 cases, in 2007 - 1257 cases. Distribution of bipolar disorders between males and females: males - 35,88 %, females - 64,12 %.Conclusion:The rates of Bipolar I disorder are equal between female and male population, but bipolar II disorder is more frequent in female population (bipolar depression, mixed manic disorder). Bipolar disorder with alcohol and drug abuse are very common among male population. Bipolar disorders are very common with somatic disease (thyroid disease, migraine, obesity of medication), anxiety disorders are more frequent in female population.

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Parker, Gordon. "Highlighting Bipolar II Disorder". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 49, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2004): 791–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370404901201.

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Fedchenko, Viktoriya. "Early diagnosis of bipolar II disorder". Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii, Volume 28, issue 4 (105) (29 de diciembre de 2020): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v28-is4-2020-8.

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The materials of the article are devoted to the study of the possibilities of early detection of bipolar affective disorder (BAD) type II using a screening questionnaire in patients diagnosed with dysthymia. The reasons of late diagnosis of bipolar spectrum disorders, difficulties in detecting episodes of hypomania, consequences of incorrect diagnosis, screening systems for early detection of BAD are considered. The effectiveness of using The Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS) to establish the possibility of BAD in patients with dysthymia has been substantiated. Indicators obtained by the BSDS scale show that 27.78 % of patients with dysthymia have a moderate probability of bipolar spectrum disorders, 16.67 % of patients in this category — low probability and 8.33 % of subjects — high probability. It was found that a high and moderate probability of bipolar spectrum disorders is associated with the early onset of dysthymia (r = 0.421 and r = 0.396, respectively).

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Tamam, Lut, Nurgul Ozpoyraz y Gonca Karatas. "Personality disorder comorbidity among patients with bipolar I disorder in remission". Acta Neuropsychiatrica 16, n.º 3 (junio de 2004): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2004.00074.x.

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Background:Comorbid personality disorders have been shown to be a prominent factor affecting symptom severity and course in bipolar disorder (BD) patients. Bipolar patients with personality disorder had more relapses, poorer prognosis and worse treatment response than those without an axis II diagnosis.Objective:We evaluated the prevalence rate of comorbid personality disorder in 74 bipolar I disorder cases who were in remission and tried to elucidate the possible relationship between comorbid axis II disorders and prognosis, severity and treatment features of BD cases.Methods:Diagnosis of all personality disorder comorbidities was evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Axis-II Disorders (SCID-II), while the general psychopathology level was assessed using the Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R). A questionnaire for acquiring sociodemographic and clinical variables was also used.Results:Sixty-two per cent of bipolar I patients in this sample had at least one comorbid axis II disorder. The most common comorbid cluster of personality disorder was cluster C (48.6%), followed by cluster A (25.7%) and cluster B (20.3%) personality disorders. Assessment of demographic and clinical variables revealed that bipolar patients with comorbid personality disorder were mainly female, had multiple affective episodes, and had attempted suicide more often than patients without personality disorder.Conclusions:The results of this study suggest that comorbid personality disorder might alter the course of BD and result in a poorer prognosis and more severe psychopathology. Further prospective controlled studies minimizing the bias of interviewers and other confounding factors would help us to understand the pure impact of personality disorder on the course of BD, its prognosis and response to treatment.

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Benazzi, Franco. "Bipolar disorder—focus on bipolar II disorder and mixed depression". Lancet 369, n.º 9565 (marzo de 2007): 935–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60453-x.

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Luty, Jason. "Bordering on the bipolar: a review of criteria for ICD-11 and DSM-5 persistent mood disorders". BJPsych Advances 26, n.º 1 (10 de octubre de 2019): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2019.54.

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SUMMARYThe principal manuals for psychiatric diagnosis have recently been updated (ICD-11 was released in June 2018 and DSM-5 was published in 2013). A common diagnostic quandary is the classification of people with chronic low mood, especially those with repeated self-harm (‘emotionally unstable’ or ‘borderline’ personality disorder). There has been a great interest in use of type II bipolar affective disorder (‘bipolar II disorder’) as a less pejorative diagnostic alternative to ‘personality disorder’, despite the radically different treatment options for these disorders. DSM-5 (but not ICD-11) clearly distinguishes between borderline personality disorder and bipolar II disorder, indicating that intense emotional experiences (such as anger, panic or despair; irritability; anxiety) should persist for only a few hours in people with a personality disorder. Both manuals now use the term ‘borderline personality disorder’ rather than ‘emotionally unstable personality disorder’. The diagnostic criteria for cyclothymic disorder remain confusing.LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter reading this article you will be able to: •appreciate the key differences in diagnostic classification between persistent mood disorders: bipolar II disorder, borderline personality disorder and dysthymia•be aware of the modest differences between ICD-10, ICD-11 and DSM-5 in diagnostic criteria for these disorders•appreciate that intense emotional experiences need persist for only a few hours to meet criteria for DSM-5 borderline personality disorder and that persistent emotional dysregulation (e.g. irritability, impulsiveness, disinhibition) for a few days meets criteria for DSM-5 bipolar II disorder.

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Parker, Gordon. "Non-consensual recommendations for managing bipolar II disorder". Australasian Psychiatry 28, n.º 3 (4 de febrero de 2020): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856220901473.

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Objective: The objective of this study is to report on the degree of consensus in experts’ recommendations for managing bipolar II disorder. Methods: Eighteen international clinician researchers with expertise in managing bipolar disorders were provided with 14 questions addressing nuances in managing those with a bipolar II disorder. Results: To all questions, the independently derived recommended strategies demonstrated distinct divergence. Conclusion: The lack of consensus in management recommendations is likely to reflect the disorder being relatively recently formalised, the lack of condition-specific randomised controlled trial data and the nature of psychiatric practice.

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Macmillan, Iain y Allan Young. "Bipolar II Disorder vs. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder". Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 60, n.º 6 (15 de junio de 1999): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v60n0611c.

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Kalk, Nicola J. y Allan H. Young. "Footnotes to Kraepelin: Changes in the classification of mood disorders with DSM-5". BJPsych Open 3, n.º 3 (mayo de 2017): e1-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.117.004739.

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SummaryReliable diagnosis of mood disorders continues to pose a challenge. This is surprising because they have been recognised clinically since classical times. Mood disorders are also common: major depressive disorder affects nearly 300 million people worldwide and bipolar affective disorder nearly 60 million and they are a major cause of disability. Nonetheless, the reliability trials of the updated Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) found that the reliability of the diagnosis of major depressive disorder was in the 'questionable' range. Although the reliability of the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder in the same trials was 'good', the sample size of the individuals recruited to validate bipolar II disorder was insufficient to confirm reliability. As the epidemiological prevalences of bipolar I and bipolar II disorders are the same, this alone implies problems in its recognition. Here, we critically evaluate the most recent iteration of DSM mood disorder diagnoses in a historical light and set out the implications for clinical practice and research.

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Wong, MichaelM C. "Management of bipolar II disorder". Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 33, n.º 1 (2011): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.85391.

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Berk, Michael y Seetal Dodd. "Bipolar II disorder: a review". Bipolar Disorders 7, n.º 1 (febrero de 2005): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2004.00152.x.

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Frances, Allen y K. Dayle Jones. "Bipolar disorder type II revisited". Bipolar Disorders 14, n.º 5 (26 de julio de 2012): 474–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.01038.x.

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Vieta, Eduard, Francesc Colom, Anabel Martı́nez-Arán, Antonio Benabarre, Maria Reinares y Cristóbal Gastó. "Bipolar II disorder and comorbidity". Comprehensive Psychiatry 41, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2000): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/comp.2000.9011.

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Spence, D. "Bad medicine: bipolar II disorder". BMJ 342, may04 3 (1 de marzo de 2011): d2767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d2767.

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Steelman, Brittany Carnley. "Bipolar II disorder case study". Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 32, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2018): 868–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2018.06.014.

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Bardenshteyn, Leonid M., N. N. Osipova, Ya M. Slavgorodsky, N. I. Beglyankin, G. A. Aleshkina y M. M. Turansky. "THE BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER TYPE II". Medical Journal of the Russian Federation 24, n.º 3 (15 de junio de 2018): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2106-2018-24-3-157-162.

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The article presents review of modern publications concerning studies of bipolar affective disorder type II. The materials are summing up concerning national and international studies of characteristics of clinical course of depressions and hypo-maniacal states within the framework of bipolar affective disorder type II, problems of differential diagnostic of bipolar affective disorder within spectrum of affective pathology. The significance of studying of pre-morbid background in case of bipolar affective disorder type II, co-morbid states for prognosis of course of disease is demonstrated. The screening, diagnostic and estimated scales and questionnaires are considered including principles of their application as an add-on to actual international diagnostic systems ICD-10, DSM-IV-TR, DSM-V.

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Licanin, I. "Comorbidity of anxiety disorders and depression". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzo de 2011): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72257-x.

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IntroductionComorbidity of anxiety and depression is common and frequently poses diagnostic and treatment challenges in the clinical setting and are associated with significant morbidity.The aim of this study was to analyze the comorbidity between DSM-III-R anxiety disorders in separate subgroups of patients with major depression, bipolar II and bipolar I disorder in a clinical sample of a Bosnian population.MethodsRandomly selected subjects (aged between 18 and 64 years, N = 2202) which were hospitalized at the Psychiatric clinic in Sarajevo was analyzed. Subjects were interviewed by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) which generated DSM-III-R diagnoses.ResultsThe prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder, agoraphobia and social phobia was the highest among bipolar II patients (18.8, 32.5 and 18.7%), simple phobia was most prevalent in (nonbipolar) major depression (20.6%). The rate of panic disorder was almost the same in the (nonbipolar) major depressive and bipolar II subgroups (11.2 and 10.5%). Bipolar I patients showed a relatively low rate of comorbidity.ConclusionsThe findings support previous results on the particularly high rate of comorbidity between anxiety disorders and unipolar major depression and particularly bipolar II illness, which has significant negative implications for both the course of these disorders and levels of dysfunction.

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Ginsberg, Lawrence D. "Efficacy and Safety of Lamotrigine for Adults with Bipolar Disorder in a Private Practice Setting". CNS Spectrums 11, n.º 5 (mayo de 2006): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900014504.

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ABSTRACTIntroductionLamotrigine is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for maintenance therapy in patients with bipolar I disorder. However, several studies of acute-phase and maintenance treatment support the efficacy of lamotrigine for bipolar I and bipolar II disorders. This chart review was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine in the treatment of bipolar disorder in a private psychiatric practice setting and to investigate differences in response among patients with different diagnostic subtypes of bipolar disorder.MethodsThe charts of 587 adult outpatients with a primary diagnosis of bipolar disorder who received treatment with lamotrigine in a private practice setting between July 1998 and May 2004 were reviewed retrospectively. Treatment response was assessed with the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale and was defined as achievement of a score of ≤2.ResultsThree hundred forty-nine patients (59.5%) responded to lamotrigine. Response rates were comparable among patients wit h bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, bipolar disorder not otherwise specified, and among patients with bipolar I disorder who presented with depressive, manic, or mixed episodes. Nonserious rash (12.8%) and headache (2.9%) were the most frequently reported adverse events.ConclusionThese results suggest that lamotrigine is effective and well-tolerated in the treatment of bipolar disorder across the spectrum of sub-types of the illness.

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Kornetov, N. y E. Larionova. "Bipolar disorders diagnostics in ambulatory medico-psychological service". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (abril de 2017): S424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.391.

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IntroductionThe difficulties of diagnosis and clinical differentiation of bipolar disorders, schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder have been repeatedly noted both foreign and Russian authors.ObjectivesFull medico-psychological service clinical documentation research, including bipolar disorder patient records.AimsDetermination of bipolar disorders in accordance with the DSM-5 criteria among psychiatric outpatients.MethodsA group of 142 patients with established according to ICD-10 diagnoses: schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder 137 (96.5%); the average patient's age 50 ± 13 and bipolar disorder and mania episode 5 (3.5%) – 55.4 ± 14.4 has been investigated.ResultsIt was found that 18 (12.7%) of all patients meet the DSM-5 bipolar disorder criteria compared with the primary diagnosis (3.5%). Structure of the diagnosis of bipolar disorder was represented as follows: bipolar disorder type I – 11 (61.2%), bipolar disorder type II – 7 (38.8%). Consequently, due to formal application DSM-5 bipolar disorder criteria BD determination 3.5 times more.ConclusionTraditionally, the diagnosis of schizophrenia is preferred over bipolar disorder. Manic episode in bipolar disorder can be evidently regarded as an acute schizophrenia manifestation. The diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 are convenient in diagnostics of manic and depressive episodes in case of their combination in I type bipolar disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Malhi, Gin S. "Thing one and thing two1: What ‘Doctors use’ to doctor you?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 55, n.º 6 (junio de 2021): 536–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00048674211022602.

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This perspective piece is a detailed analysis of the critique by Gordon Parker of the mood disorders clinical practice guidelines (MDcpg2020), in which he claims that bipolar II disorder has been ‘banished’ despite its formal status in current taxonomies. In this article, I defend the reasoning used by the Committee to adopt a dimensional model for describing and managing mood disorders, in particular bipolar disorder. I also robustly contend the many erroneous inferences made by him in his Viewpoint regarding management recommendations within the MDcpg2020 and demonstrate that there is no valid justification for subtyping bipolar disorder – especially in the manner proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Thus, I argue that it was appropriate for the MDcpg2020 Committee to pursue an alternative model to the usual subtyping of bipolar disorder into ‘thing one’ and ‘thing two’ and conclude that the now clearly redundant model of Bipolar II should be altogether removed from our lexicon and clinical practice. Indeed, it is time to develop new and alternative models for defining bipolar disorder and among these a dimensional model should be given consideration.

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Hollander, Eric. "Introduction: The Impact and Management of the Bipolar Spectrum in 2004". CNS Spectrums 9, S12 (noviembre de 2004): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900028832.

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This academic supplement to CNS Spectrums high-lights the impact of the broader bipolar spectrum as a considerable public health concern, the side effects that must be considered in a risk/benefit analysis of effective pharmacologic treatments of bipolar disorder, and the state of the art of psychosocial interventions utilized to manage the disorder.One important development in the conceptualization of bipolar disorder is that a common underlying endophenotype may mediate a range of presentations manifesting as the broader bipolar spectrum. This includes variants of bipolar disorder, such as bipolar II, cyclothymia, and mixed states; disorders characterized by affective instability, such as cluster B personality disorders; and disorders characterized by impulsivity associated with affective instability, such as impulse-control disorders. Since there may be various phenotypic expressions of a common underlying endophenotype, this may also help to explain the high rate of comorbidity found in bipolar disorder.

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Engmann, Birk. "Bipolar Affective Disorder and Migraine". Case Reports in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/389851.

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This paper consists of a case history and an overview of the relationship, aetiology, and treatment of comorbid bipolar disorder migraine patients. A MEDLINE literature search was used. Terms for the search were bipolar disorder bipolar depression, mania, migraine, mood stabilizer. Bipolar disorder and migraine cooccur at a relatively high rate. Bipolar II patients seem to have a higher risk of comorbid migraine than bipolar I patients have. The literature on the common roots of migraine and bipolar disorder, including both genetic and neuropathological approaches, is broadly discussed. Moreover, bipolar disorder and migraine are often combined with a variety of other affective disorders, and, furthermore, behavioural factors also play a role in the origin and course of the diseases. Approach to treatment options is also difficult. Several papers point out possible remedies, for example, valproate, topiramate, which acts on both diseases, but no first-choice treatments have been agreed upon yet.

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SIMPSON, SYLVIA G., RAYA AL-MUFTI, ARNOLD E. ANDERSEN y J. RAYMOND DePAULO. "Bipolar II Affective Disorder in Eating Disorder Inpatients". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 180, n.º 11 (noviembre de 1992): 719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199211000-00006.

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Vasilieva, S. N., G. G. Simutkin, E. D. Schastnyy, E. V. Lebedeva y N. A. Bokhan. "Bipolar Disorder: Comorbidity with Other Mental Disorders". Psikhiatriya 19, n.º 3 (14 de octubre de 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-3-15-21.

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Failure to diagnose bipolar disorder (BD) in time leads to an increase in suicide risk, worse prognosis of the disease, and an increase in the socioeconomic burden. Aim: to assess the incidence of comorbidity of bipolar disorder (BD) and other mental and behavioral disorders, as well as the sequence of formation of this multimorbidity. Patients and methods: in the Affective States Department of the Mental Health Research Institute TNRMC, 121 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder were selected for the study group according to the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. The predominance of women in the study group was revealed (n = 83; 68.6%; p < 0.01). Median age of male patients was 36 [30; 54] years, for females — 47 [34; 55] years. Results: data were obtained on a high level of comorbidity in the study group: in 46.3% of patients, BD was combined with another mental disorder. It was found that personality disorders as a comorbid disorder in type I bipolar disorder are less common than in type II bipolar disorder. Gender differences were found in the incidence of anxiety-phobic spectrum and substance use disorders in bipolar disorder. The features of the chronology of the development of bipolar disorder and associated mental disorders have been revealed. Conclusion: in the case of bipolar disorder, there is a high likelihood of comorbidity with other mental disorders. Certain patterns in the chronology of the formation of comorbid relationships between BD and concomitant mental and behavioral disorders were revealed.

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Fadilah, Syaiful y Fatimah Haniman. "Bipolar Type I Disorder in Children". Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports 1, n.º 1 (13 de noviembre de 2020): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/amcr.v1i1.2.

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Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is a clinical disorder that causes publicmental health problems that need attention. In the last decade, bipolar disorder in children andadolescents has become a trendy field, both in the clinical area and in research, especially interms of diagnosis, which is still controversial. The controversy that remains is whether it ispossible to diagnose bipolar disorder in prepubertal children. Based on the DSM-IV-TRdiagnostic criteria, the prevalence of the bipolar disorder in children scarce rare.Epidemiological studies report the lifetime prevalence of bipolar I and II disorders in lateadolescence is about 1 per cent. Various studies in a large population have shown aprevalence rate of 0.1% -2%. The onset of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is oftenaccompanied by a more severe disease course, compared to bipolar disorder with onset inadulthood. This case report presents a case of bipolar 1 in children accompanied bycomprehensive management.

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Bayes, Adam, Rebecca K. Graham, Gordon B. Parker y Stacey McCraw. "Is ‘subthreshold’ bipolar II disorder more difficult to differentiate from borderline personality disorder than formal bipolar II disorder?" Psychiatry Research 264 (junio de 2018): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.018.

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Schiavone, Paolo, Stella Dorz, Donatella Conforti, Caterina Scarso y Giuseppe Borgherini. "Comorbidity of DSM–IV Personality Disorders in Unipolar and Bipolar Affective Disorders: A Comparative Study". Psychological Reports 95, n.º 1 (agosto de 2004): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.95.1.121-128.

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The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of Personality Disorders assessed by Structured Clinical Interview for Axis-II in 155 inpatients diagnosed with Unipolar Disorder vs inpatients with Bipolar Disorder (39). The most frequent Axis II diagnoses among Unipolar inpatients were Borderline (31.6%), Dependent (25.2%), and Obsessive-Compulsive (14.2%) Personality Disorders. Among Bipolar inpatients, the most prevalent personality disorders were Borderline (41%), Narcissistic (20.5%), Dependent (12.8%), and Histrionic disorders (10.3%). Using chi squared analysis, few differences in distribution emerged between the two groups: Unipolar patients had more recurrent Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder than Bipolar patients (χ12 = 6.24, p < .005). Comorbid Narcissistic Personality Disorder was significantly more frequent in the Bipolar than in the Unipolar group (χ12 = 6.34, p < .01). Considering the three clusters (DSM–IV classification), there was a significant difference between the groups, Cluster C (fearful, avoidant) diagnoses being more frequent in the Unipolar than in the Bipolar group (48.4% vs 20.5%, respectively). Cluster B (dramatic, emotionally erratic) diagnoses were found more frequently in patients with Bipolar Disorders (71.8% vs 45.2% in Unipolar patients, χ22 = 10.1, p < .006). The differences in the distribution and prevalence of Personality Disorders between the two patient groups are discussed.

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Joyce, Peter R., Katrina J. Light, Sarah L. Rowe y Martin A. Kennedy. "Bipolar Disorder not Otherwise Specified: Comparison with Bipolar Disorder I/II and Major Depression". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, n.º 10 (octubre de 2007): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701579058.

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Objective: To compare the personality, clinical and comorbidity characteristics of subjects meeting diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (BDNOS) to those with major depression and bipolar I or II disorder. Methods: A family-based study was undertaken on the molecular genetics of depression and personality, in which the proband had been treated for depression, regardless of history, of hypomania or mania. Results: The 25 subjects with BDNOS were different to the 297 subjects with major depression and similar to 75 subjects with bipolar I or II disorder on social phobia, obsessive–compulsive disorder and substance dependence comorbidity. The BDNOS subjects also had personality traits more akin to the bipolar I or II disorder subjects, especially borderline personality traits and self transcendence. Conclusions: Subjects with BDNOS, based on a history of 1–3 day recurrent hypomanias, should be included within a broader bipolar spectrum.

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Chung, Jae Kyung, Kyu Young Lee, Se Hyun Kim, Eui-Joong Kim, Seong Hoon Jeong, Hee Yeon Jung, Jung-Eun Choi, Yong Min Ahn, Yong Sik Kim y Eun-Jeong Joo. "Circadian Rhythm Characteristics in Mood Disorders: Comparison among Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder and Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder". Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience 10, n.º 2 (28 de agosto de 2012): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9758/cpn.2012.10.2.110.

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36

Fadilah, Syaiful y Fatimah Haniman. "Bipolar Type I Disorder in Children". Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports 1, n.º 1 (13 de noviembre de 2020): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/amcr.v1i1.514.

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Resumen

Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is a clinical disorder that causes public mental health problems that need attention. In the last decade, bipolar disorder in children and adolescents has become a trendy field, both in the clinical area and in research, especially in terms of diagnosis, which is still controversial. The controversy that remains is whether it is possible to diagnose bipolar disorder in prepubertal children. Based on the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of the bipolar disorder in children scarce rare. Epidemiological studies report the lifetime prevalence of bipolar I and II disorders in late adolescence is about 1 per cent. Various studies in a large population have shown a prevalence rate of 0.1% -2%. The onset of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is often accompanied by a more severe disease course, compared to bipolar disorder with onset in adulthood. This case report presents a case of bipolar 1 in children accompanied by comprehensive management.

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37

Vieta, Eduard. "Defining the Bipolar Spectrum and Treating Bipolar II Disorder". Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 69, n.º 4 (15 de abril de 2008): e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.0408e12.

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38

Vieta, E., C. Gastó, F. Colom, A. Otero, E. Nieto y J. Vallejo. "Differential features between bipolar I and bipolar II disorder". Biological Psychiatry 42, n.º 1 (julio de 1997): 249S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(97)87945-0.

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39

Vieta, Eduard, Antoni Benabarre, Francesc Colom, Cristòbal Gastó, Evaristo Nieto, Aurora Otero y Julio Vallejo. "Suicidal Behavior in Bipolar I and Bipolar II Disorder". Journal of Nervous &amp Mental Disease 185, n.º 6 (junio de 1997): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199706000-00008.

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40

Vieta, E., C. Gastó, A. Otero, E. Nieto y J. Vallejo. "Differential features between bipolar I and bipolar II disorder". Comprehensive Psychiatry 38, n.º 2 (marzo de 1997): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-440x(97)90088-2.

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41

Kimura, Yasuhiro, Sayo Hamatani, Kazuki Matsumoto y Eiji Shimizu. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Three Patients with Bipolar II Disorder during Depressive Episodes". Case Reports in Psychiatry 2020 (14 de julio de 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3892024.

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Bipolar II disorder is a recurrent mental health disorder characterized by alternating hypomanic and depressive episodes. Providing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy can reduce the recurrence rate of bipolar disorder. It has not been examined whether CBT can be started during a depressive episode in patients with bipolar II disorder; however, the use of CBT during the remission period has been demonstrated to reduce recurrence. The current study is a case report involving three Japanese patients with bipolar II disorder, who started CBT during the depressive phase after a hypomanic episode was stabilized by pharmacotherapy. All patients experienced excessively positive thinking one week apart and were able to choose behaviors that would stabilize bipolar mood by observing its precursors. After intervention, patients’ bipolar mood according to the Internal State Scale (ISS) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was improved. Our findings suggested that providing CBT to patients with bipolar II disorder during depressive episodes as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy is feasible.

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42

Agius, M. y G. Tavormina. "The Bipolar Spectrum; Do we Need a Single Algorithm for Affective Disorders?" European Psychiatry 24, S1 (enero de 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70839-9.

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Increasing understanding of the bipolar spectrum of disorders has led to an increasing integration of concepts regarding the aetiology and treatment of affective disorders.Thus, for example, we now understand that an illness, previously believed to be recurrent depressive disorder, may develop over time into a bipolar illness, and bipolar II illnesses may develop into bipolar I.Agitated depression may in fact be a mixed affective state, and injudicious use of powerful antidepressants in patients with undiagnosed bipolar disorder may lead to the development of mixed states or rapid cycling illness, as well as a complete switch from depression to mania.Mixed states and rapid cycling states are linked with increased suicidality.Meanwhile bipolar disorder, especially bipolar II disorder, remains a condition which is underdiagnosed and often inappropriately treated.Unfortunately, NICE guidelines are separate for Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Illness; those for Unipolar illness advocate a 'stepped care’ model, centred round primary care, while bipolar guidelines warn against injudicious use of antidepressants and the use of mood stabilisers to prevent ‘switching’ to mania.Primary care physicians are not warned to take a full longitudinal history in depressed patients, to identify bipolar illness, nor are they trained to use mood stabilisers in patients with bipolar II disorder, and in the risks of injudicious use of antidepressants.We need a single algorithm for identifying and treating affective disorders.The symposium will consider these issues as a prelude to a Europe Wide meeting planned for later in 2009, to develop guidelines about these issues.

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43

Yatham, LakshmiN y DavidJ Bond. "Pharmacologic management of bipolar-II disorder". Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 30, n.º 1 (2008): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.43130.

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44

&NA;. "Fluoxetine effective in bipolar II disorder?" Inpharma Weekly &NA;, n.º 1171 (enero de 1999): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199911710-00025.

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45

Baig, Mirza, Martin Kommor y Veena Bhanot. "A Patient with Bipolar-II Disorder". Psychiatric Annals 39, n.º 10 (1 de octubre de 2009): 898–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00485718-20090924-01.

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46

Nicholson, Simon Dennis. "Diagnostic status of bipolar II disorder". Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry 26, n.º 2 (abril de 2022): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pnp.746.

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47

Coryell, William H. "Bipolar II Disorder: Reasons to Recognize". Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 76, n.º 02 (25 de febrero de 2015): e222-e223. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.14com09639.

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48

Vieta, Eduard, José Sánchez-Moreno, José M. Goikolea, Carla Torrent, Antoni Benabarre, Francesc Colom, Anabel Martínez-Arán, María Reinares, Mercè Comes y Barbara Corbella. "Adjunctive topiramate in bipolar II disorder". World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 4, n.º 4 (enero de 2003): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15622970310029915.

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49

Benazzi, Franco. "Agitated depression in bipolar II disorder". World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 6, n.º 3 (enero de 2005): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15622970510029858.

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50

Novick, Danielle M. y Holly A. Swartz. "Psychosocial Interventions for Bipolar II Disorder". American Journal of Psychotherapy 72, n.º 2 (junio de 2019): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20190008.

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