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1
Razali, Mohd Najib, Thanushiya A. P. Asaithamby, Najmuddin Mohd Ramli, Mohd Khairul Nizam Mohd Zuhan, Musfafikri Musa y Abdurahman Hamid Nour. "Rheological Characterization of Emulsified Bitumen from Industrial Waste". Advanced Materials Research 1163 (abril de 2021): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1163.148.
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Emulsified bitumen is an aqueous mixture of bitumen and can be used in insulation and coating applications. In this study, used automotive oil was utilized as a component in bitumen emulsion formulation. Five formulations of bitumen emulsion comprising different ratios of neat bitumen and recycled automotive oil were formulated, namely EMB01–EMB05. The formulation utilized 1 g of abietic acid (C20H30O2) as an emulsifier. The formulated bitumen was characterized for penetration, softening point, differential scanning calorimetry, viscosity, and oscillatory test, and the results were compared to commercial bitumen emulsion (ATLAS bitumen emulsion). The results show that EMB05 has softer consistency, high viscosity, temperature susceptibility, higher thermal stability, and an adaptable viscoelastic range compared to other formulations that provide suitable properties for coating and insulation of wall waterproof material.
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Plachý, Jan, Jana Vysoká y Radek Vejmelka. "Influence of the frontal joint of the bitumen sheet on the final strength of the joint". MATEC Web of Conferences 146 (2018): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814602011.
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This article focuses on the frequently discussed topic how to make the frontal joints of bitumen sheets with coarse-grained surface coating. Bitumen sheets have a spill in the place of these joints. Insufficient strength of the frontal joint is one of the possible faults in waterproofing using bitumen sheets. The paper compares different ways of performing these joints in terms of force stress based on surface treatment. Surface treatment is possible by immersing the sprinkle, scraping it into the bitumen sheet mass, or simply heating the surface and leaving it unpainted.
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Razali, Mohd Najib, Najmuddin Mohd Ramli, Khairul Nizam Mohd Zuhan, Musfafikri Musa y Abdurahman Hamid Nour. "Coating and insulation effect using emulsified modification bitumen". Construction and Building Materials 260 (noviembre de 2020): 119764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119764.
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Ekengwu, I. E., O. G. Utu y K. O. Anyanwu. "Corrosion Inhibition Efficiencies of Polymeric Materials on Alloy Steel in Dilute Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Solutions at Ambient Temperature". Journal of Engineering Sciences 7, n.º 2 (2020): C27—C32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jes.2020.7(2).c5.
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A corrosion control test was conducted on alloy steel, using polymeric coatings (polyurethane, bitumen (medium airing), and high-density polyethylene) in dilute HCl solutions of pH values 4, 7, and 12, respectively for acid, neutral and alkaline solutions at ambient temperature. In the study, Eighty-four coupons of alloy steel were used. The coupons were mechanized, ground, polished, etched with natal, and weighed using a digital weighing balance (Beva 206B). The mass of each coupon was recorded according to the tag number on them. Twenty-one of the coupons were coated with polyurethane, 21 coated with medium curing bitumen (MC), and 21 coated with high-density polyethylene, while 21 were left uncoated. Seven polyurethane-coated samples, bitumen coating, and uncoated coupons were suspended in dilute HCl solutions of pH values 4, 7, and 12. Every week, one sample is taken from each of the solutions, the coatings and the corrosion products were removed, and the coupons were etched with natal. Then the coupons were reweighed, and their masses were recorded in accordance with their tag number. The weight loss per unit area of the coupons, corrosion rate, and percentage corrosion inhibition efficiencies of the coatings was calculated over seven weeks. The results obtained were tabulated and represented graphically. From the results obtained, it is seen that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of polyurethane coatings is higher compared with bitumen and polyethylene. It is also seen from the graphs that the corrosion rate of the coupons is higher in acid, a little bit lower in alkaline, and much lower in neutral solution. It is also observed that the corrosion rates fall with time as the inhibition efficiency also falls with time.
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Fulcher, Kate, Margaret Serpico, John H. Taylor y Rebecca Stacey. "Molecular analysis of black coatings and anointing fluids from ancient Egyptian coffins, mummy cases, and funerary objects". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, n.º 18 (26 de abril de 2021): e2100885118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2100885118.
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Black organic coatings and ritual deposits on ancient Egyptian coffins and cartonnage cases are important and understudied sources of evidence about the rituals of funerary practice. Sometimes, the coatings were applied extensively over the surface of the coffin, resembling paint; in other cases, they were poured over the mummy case or wrapped body, presumably as part of a funerary ritual. For this study, multiple samples of black coatings and ritual liquids were taken from 20 Egyptian funerary items dating to a specific time period (c. 943 to 716 BC). Multiple sampling from each object enabled several comparisons to be made: the variability of the black coating within one application, the variability between two applications on one object, and the variability from object to object. All samples were analyzed for lipids using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and 51 samples from across the 20 items were further analyzed for the presence of bitumen using solid phase separation followed by selected ion monitoring GC-MS. The majority of the black substances were found to comprise a complex mixture of organic materials, including bitumen from the Dead Sea, conifer resin, and Pistacia resin, providing evidence for a continuation in international trade between Egypt and the eastern Mediterranean after the Late Bronze Age. Both the coating and the anointing liquid are very similar to mummification balms, pointing to parallels with Egyptian embalming rituals and raising questions about the practical aspects of Egyptian funerary practice.
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Kuo, Chi-Wei y C. Steve Suh. "On the Dispersion and Attenuation of Guided Waves in Tubular Section with Multi-Layered Viscoelastic Coating — Part I: Axial Wave Propagation". International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, n.º 01 (enero de 2017): 1750001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825117500016.
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Guided modes admissible in elastic hollow pipes are derived to establish their dispersion and attenuation characteristics in the presence of multi-layered viscoelastic coatings. Longitudinal waves propagating in the axial direction in response to displacement continuity boundary conditions signifying perfect interfacial bonds are evaluated against a baseline uncoated tubing. Viscoelastic bitumen and epoxy are coating materials applied to improve pipeline reliability. The impact of viscoelastic coating layers on wave dispersion and attenuation are investigated by incorporating complex material properties in the characteristic equation. The real and complex roots of the corresponding characteristic equation are determined, allowing the phase velocity and attenuation dispersion to be depicted as functions of the propagation frequency. The effects of varying attenuation parameter and coating thickness are also examined. Viscoelastic protective materials are found to have a substantial impact on the propagation and attenuation of longitudinal waveguide modes.
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Ren, Yanru, Lei Zhang, Wenfeng Duan, Zhongqiang Han, Jia Guo, Michael D. Heydenrych, Aijun Zhang, Kaili Nie, Tianwei Tan y Luo Liu. "Performance of bitumen coating sheet using biomass pyrolysis oil". Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 70, n.º 2 (23 de enero de 2020): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2019.1705434.
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Chen, Qiang y Qi Liu. "Bitumen Coating on Oil Sands Clay Minerals: A Review". Energy & Fuels 33, n.º 7 (7 de junio de 2019): 5933–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b00852.
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Burenina, O. N., M. E. Savvinova y A. V. Andreeva. "The Effectiveness of Using Bitumen Emulsion in the Technology of Dedusting Roads with a Transitional Type of Coating". Materials Science Forum 992 (mayo de 2020): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.9.
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The article considers the effectiveness of using bitumen emulsion in technologies for dedusting sections of the Vilyui A-331 federal highway. The sections allocated for the work have transitional coatings of sand and gravel (crushed stone), crushed stone sand and gravel mixtures. Their wear degree is up to 100% and they belong to dust-forming and highly dusting ones. The average traffic intensity on Vilyui A-331 highway is 937 units per day. The efficiency of technologies for dedusting coatings of transitional type has been evaluated and the prospects of using cationic bitumen emulsions for these purposes have been shown.
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Tawfiq, Kamal S. y Joseph A. Caliendo. "Bitumen Coating versus Plastic Sheeting for Reducing Negative Skin Friction". Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 7, n.º 1 (febrero de 1995): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(1995)7:1(69).
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Mukhametshina, Rumiya y Ramil Zagidullin. "Road safety research in a safety audit". E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127402005.
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The article reviews the option of how to make the top pavement of asphalt-concrete mixture adhere reliably to the base, which is the underlying cement-concrete coating. The bitumen-latex emulsion is suggested as a binder for the two pavement layers.
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Couillard, Martin, Daniel D. Tyo, David M. Kingston, Bussaraporn Patarachao, Andre Zborowski, Samson Ng y Patrick H. J. Mercier. "Structure and Mineralogy of Hydrophilic and Biwettable Sub-2 µm Clay Aggregates in Oil Sands Bitumen Froth". Minerals 10, n.º 11 (21 de noviembre de 2020): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10111040.
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A primary concern of commercial mined oil sands operations is the extent to which one can minimize the content of water and solids contaminants in the solvent-diluted bitumen products resulting from the bitumen production processes. During bitumen production, particles of about 2 µm or less may be responsible for the stabilization of water-in-bitumen emulsions that form during aqueous extraction of bitumen and purification of bitumen froth subsequently during the froth treatment processes, thus leading to the presence of those contaminants in solvent-diluted bitumen products. In this study, we separate and analyze sub-2 µm clay solids isolated from typical bitumen froth fed to a froth treatment plant at a commercial mined oil sands operation. Analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with spatially-resolved energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) demonstrate key differences in morphology and composition between sub-2 µm clay aggregates with two distinct wettability characteristics: hydrophilic vs. biwettable particle surfaces. In particular, clay platelets with <200 nm lateral dimensions and thicknesses of a few atomic layers, which are intermixed within coarser sub-2 µm clay aggregates, are found to confer clear differences in morphological characteristics and wettability behaviors to the sub-2 µm clay aggregates. The <200 nm clay platelets found within sub-2 µm biwettable clays tend to arrange themselves with random orientations, whereas <200 nm clay platelets within sub-2 µm hydrophilic clays typically form well-ordered face-to-face stacks. Moreover, in biwettable sub-2 µm clay aggregates, <200 nm clay platelets often cover the surfaces of ~1–2 µm sized mineral particles, whereas similarly sized mineral particles in hydrophilic sub-2 µm clay aggregates, in contrast, generally have exposed surfaces without clay platelet coverage. These biwettable vs. hydrophilic behaviors are attributed to a difference in the surface characteristics of the <200 nm clay platelets caused by toluene-unextractable organic carbon coatings. Nanometer-scale carbon mapping reveals an inhomogeneous toluene-unextractable organic carbon coating on the surfaces of <200 nm platelets in biwettable clays. In contrast, hydrophilic clays have a significantly lower amount of toluene-unextractable organic carbon, which tends to be concentrated at steps or near metal oxide nanoparticles on clay particle surfaces. Mixing surface-active organic species, such as asphaltene, resin, or carboxylic organic acids of various types with inorganic solids can lead to a dramatically enhanced emulsion stability. Consequently, understanding the origin and characteristics of sub-2 µm clay solids in bitumen froth is important to (i) clarify their potential role in the formation of stable water-in-oil emulsions during bitumen production and (ii) improve froth treatment process performance to further reduce contaminant solids in solvent-diluted bitumen products. We discuss the implications of our results from these two perspectives.
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Valentova, Tereza, Jan Altman, Jan Valentin y Meor Othman Hamzah. "Impact of Ageing and the Stability of Adhesion Additive on Moisture Susceptibility and Adhesion". Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (octubre de 2015): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.309.
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Asphalt mix durability is one of the most important aspects if looking on longer lifetime of pavement structures. It is influenced by several factors whereas one of the most important is moisture susceptibility and the quality of adhesion between bitumen binder and aggregateparticles. If the coating by the bitumen is not fully provided or is affected by strongly hydrophilic aggregate type which easier creates bonds with more polar water then it is immediately attacking the aggregate surface and leads to stripping effects – ongoing loss of bitumen-aggregate bonds, mix cohesion problems, etc. With respect to improve adhesion quality different additives (surfactants) are used, whereas two factors might be critical for them: 1) thermal stability of the additive used in bitumen stored for several days at elevated temperatures; 2) bitumen ageing and the effect on additive activity. Both aspects have been studied as a key objective of an ongoing research looking fora suitable laboratory procedure for simulating the thermal stability and assess the remaining activity of the additive. Further asphalt ageing impact on moisture susceptibility is evaluated by changed ratios of indirect tensile strength values for unaged and differently aged test specimens. Results for one type of mix and different aggregates with application of straight-run bitumen 50/70 and 4 different types of adhesion promoters are summarized in the paper.
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Dehnavi, Yaser Gholami y Mohsen Gholami. "Application of Acrylate Latex Emulsion as the Binder for Coating Aluminum Substrate by Silica-Gel Powder". International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 27, n.º 04 (23 de octubre de 2019): 1950032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132519500329.
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The adsorbent coated exchangers are the main part of adsorption refrigeration systems. Although coated exchangers are commercially available, the coating technique and the binder used are seldom revealed and left as a challenge for researchers. Dip-coating is the most commonly used coating technique. However, the variety of binders used indicates that choosing the appropriate binder is still a matter of trial-and-error. A series of experiments were performed to introduce acrylic latex emulsion (ALE) and bitumen emulsion as the new binder for coating silica-gel powder on aluminum. The results indicate coats created by both emulsion binders are stable but the bitumen emulsion keeps its stability for about 10[Formula: see text]min after mixing with water and silica-gel powder. The effect of ALE binder and water concentrations on water vapor equilibrium and desorption kinetics was investigated. The outcomes indicated that the sample containing 0.8[Formula: see text]g water/g silica-gel, 0.08[Formula: see text]g ALE binder/g silica-gel shows the fastest desorption kinetic and the minimum capacity loss. The mechanical stability of this sample was evaluated by the shear test and the pull-off test. The measured values show that the prepared laminate withstands up to 27[Formula: see text]N/cm2 shear stress and 18[Formula: see text]N/cm2 tensile stress.
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Gabdullin, Talgat y Marat Makhmutov. "Providing interlayer adhesion of dissimilar layers of top road surfaces". E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127402003.
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The article reviews the option of how to make the top pavement of asphalt-concrete mixture adhere reliably to the base, which is the underlying cement-concrete coating. The bitumen-latex emulsion is suggested as a binder for the two pavement layers. The research aimed to determine the optimal layer thickness of the bituminous-latex emulsion to be applied and achieve the maximum interlayer adhesion between the top asphalt-concrete pavement and the cement-concrete base. After full-scale experiments, the required layer thickness of the bitumen-latex emulsion was 2 mm. With this layer thickness of the binder, road pavement layers do not delaminate and shear when stressed by the intensive flows of vehicles moving on the roads. The results obtained are important for the road construction industry for suggesting the formulation of bitumen-latex emulsion and finding the most effective layer thickness to be applied. The suggested formulation of a bitumen-latex emulsion is frost-resistant. The article describes the experimental steps for determining the optimal application thickness at a fair length. The maintenance-free life of roads with an asphalt-concrete mixture on a cement-concrete base interlayered with a bitumen-latex emulsion as a binder is assumed to get much longer.
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Pisello, Anna Laura. "Optic-Energy Performance of Innovative and Traditional Materials for Roof Covering in Commercial Buildings in Central Italy". Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (enero de 2014): 685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.685.
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Innovative and traditional solutions for roof coating and urban paving are under development in order to study their effect both as passive cooling strategies for buildings and as effective tools for urban heat island mitigation. This paper deals with the optic-energy in-lab and numerical analysis of three materials used for roof covering and urban paving in Italy. Bitumen covering, cool painting and natural gravel covering are taken into account. Solar reflectance measurements shows that gravel optimize this property by more than 20% with respect to the bitumen covering of classic streets paving. The three materials are also evaluated in terms of roof covering in commercial buildings with flat roofs. Dynamic simulation results demonstrated that innovative cool membranes are able to optimize building year-round energy efficiency by 19.3%. Nevertheless, natural gravel covering produce important energy saving (15.6%) with respect to bitumen roof membrane configuration.
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Gordeeva, I. V., Yu A. Naumova, T. V. Dudareva, I. A. Krasotkina y V. G. Nikol'skiy. "COMPOSITE MODIFICATOR OF ASPHALT-CONCRETE OBTAINED BY THE METHOD OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SHEAR-INDUCED GRINDING OF CRUMB RUBBER AND SBS THERMOELASTOPLAST". Fine Chemical Technologies 13, n.º 5 (28 de octubre de 2018): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2018-13-5-38-48.
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The mandatory requirement for creating high-quality asphalt concrete is the modification of the bituminous binder. Either polymers, typically SBS, or crushed vulcanizates are usually used as modifiers. Using the polymer modifier has a number of disadvantages: the poor compatibility of polymers with bitumen, the stratification of the modified binder during transportation and storage, the coalescence of the dispersed phase particles at the coating laying temperatures. The use of crushed vulcanizate as a modifier is limited due to the complexity of obtaining a particle with a micro-size and complex surface organization. By now a binary mixed powder "Polyepor-RP" based on rubber crumb and butadiene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer has been developed and obtained. It combines the advantages of both types of initial constituents and eliminates their shortcomings. The hybrid modifier is obtained by the method of high-temperature shear grinding. In addition, thanks to the use of modern rotary dispersants, the resulting hybrid modifier can be introduced into the asphalt mixture by uniformly loading it into the mixer at the closing stage of mixing, bypassing the long and energy-consuming stage of preparing the modified bituminous binder. The paper describes the comparative analysis of the rheological properties of four types of asphalt binders in accordance with the American testing system "SuperРave": unmodified bitumen of BND 60/90 grade; polymer-bitumen binder; bitumen modified with active rubber powder brand "Polyepor-A" and active binary powder brand "Polyepor-RP". It is established that the introduction of modifiers "Polyepor-A" and "Polyepor-RP" increases the resistance of asphalt pavement to the formation of ruts and increases the resistance to fatigue cracking. The introduction of the butadiene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer into bitumen has a positive effect only on the resistance to rutting. Using a hybrid modifier it is possible to obtain a rubberpolymer binder characterized by higher stability, resistant to delamination and phase separation, which will increase the durability of coatings
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Saleh, H. M. "Bitumen Coating as a Tool for Improving the Porosity and Chemical Stability of Simulated Cement-Waste Forms". ISRN Chemical Engineering 2012 (29 de noviembre de 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/860459.
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Coating of simulated cement-based waste form was investigated by performing physical and chemical experimental tests. Moreover, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron microscope examination were applied on coated and noncoated simulated waste forms. Experimental results indicated that coating process improved the characterizations of cement-based waste form such as porosity and leachability. Diffusion coefficients and leach indecies of coated specimens were calculated and showed acceptable values. It could be stated that by coating cemented-waste form by bitumen emulsion, the radioactive contaminants were isolated, thus reducing the back release to surrounding environment during flooding by groundwater and consequently, saving the environment.
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Piletsky, Mikhail E., Anatoly F. Zubkov, Konstantin A. Andrianov y Marianna A. Porozhenko. "The Influence of Transport Load on Quality of Repair Works of Non-Rigid Pavements with Application by a Jet-Injection Method". Scientific journal “ACADEMIA. ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION”, n.º 1 (18 de marzo de 2019): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2019-1-115-121.
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Increased traffic intensity and increased axial Load from vehicles on road surfaces contribute to the formation of defects in the form of potholes and cracks. To improve the service Life and traffic safety timely care of the coating is required. Untimely work Leads to a decrease in the service Life of the pavement. The use of a jet-injection method of repair of road surfaces aLLows to perform work quickLy with minimaL cost in reLation to other methods of repair.
The articLe considers the process of eLimination of defects on non-rigid road surfaces with the use of bitumen-mineraL mixtures by a jet-injection method. The resuLts of experimentaL studies carried out in the course of repair work on the second technicaL category road with high traffic intensity and increased axiaLLoad from vehicLes are presented. It was found out that the formation of the structure of the bitumen-mineraL mixture in the pothoLe of the road surface occurs over a reLativeLy Long period of time. Under the influence of contact stresses under the tire of the car, there are deformations of the material, the excess of whichLeads to its decompression.
It is experimentaLLy proved that in order to increase the serviceLife of the repaired road surface, additionaL compaction of the bitumen-mineraL mixture is necessary. It was found that the excessLoad on the Layer of bitumen-mineraL mixture in the pothoLe coating at the stage of formation of its structure above the tensiLe strength contributes to the formation of pLastic deformations and reduce the required compaction coefficient. To improve the quaLity of repair work, it is necessary to Limit the axiaLLoad of vehicLes on the surface of the pothoLe for 20-30 days during the formation of the structure of the Laid materiaL in the pothoLe of the road surface.
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Margaritis, Alexandros, Giorgio Tofani, Geert Jacobs, Johan Blom, Serge Tavernier, Cedric Vuye y Wim Van den bergh. "On the Applicability of ATR-FTIR Microscopy to Evaluate the Blending between Neat Bitumen and Bituminous Coating of Reclaimed Asphalt". Coatings 9, n.º 4 (9 de abril de 2019): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9040240.
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The utilization of Reclaimed Asphalt (RA) in the road construction sector induces considerable economic and ecological benefits. The blending of the recycled material with new components is believed to be of great importance for the mixture’s properties. An extensive knowledge of the blending of the materials is crucial in optimizing the use of RA, especially at higher recycling rates. In this paper, the applicability of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy in attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode to study the bituminous coating of RA granulates is investigated. This method is a promising alternative to trace heterogeneous areas within the coating compared to methods that require extraction and recovery of bitumen. A method for sample preparation and FTIR spectra analysis is proposed. Four different samples were analyzed: a reference RA granulate, two types of RA granulates mixed with neat bitumen, and a RA granulate with rejuvenator. The results show that the use of ATR-FTIR microscope allows the tracing of different components, indications of blending, as well as proof of rejuvenation of the aged bituminous area.
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Onyshchenko, Artur y Volodymyr Zelenovskiy. "ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF EPOXY ASPHALT CONCRETE FOR ITS APPLICATION ON BRIDGE COVERING ON ROADS". Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny 1, n.º 265 (25 de marzo de 2021): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2021-1-265-43-51.
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Introduction. This paper considers the issue of improving the quality of coatings on road reinforced concrete, reinforced concrete bridges or metal bridges with orthotropic slab. The constructive decisions of increase of working capacity and fatigue durability of asphalt concrete coverings are offered. The results of the analysis of experimental researches of physical and mechanical properties of epoxy asphalt concrete are given. The efficiency of epoxy components in asphalt concrete mixtures, which significantly improve the physical and mechanical properties of bitumen, is shown. According to the results of experimental laboratory tests, a comparative analysis of the properties of epoxy asphalt concrete and source asphalt concrete on viscous and rarefied bitumen is given. Also, the influence of the duration and temperature of curing of epoxy components on the properties of epoxy asphalt concrete was analyzed. Problem statement. In today’s conditions of high-speed intensive traffic, high traffic loads and adverse weather and climatic factors that occur in our country, increasing the durability of pavements on bridges to increase service life and reduce costs associated with maintenance, requires special attention. One of the effective ways to improve the quality and durability of asphalt pavements on road bridges is the modification of bitumen by using as the main material thermosetting polymer additives, in our case – epoxy components (epoxy resin and its hardener). Objective. The purpose of the analysis of experimental studies of physical and mechanical properties of epoxy asphalt concrete is to study the possibility of its use as a pavement on highways. As well as confirmation of efficiency in solving the problem of achieving increased fatigue life of such coatings at different load frequencies by increasing track resistance, strength, crack resistance and at the same time solving no less important issue to minimize the cost of repair and construction work during bridge operation. Materials and methods. Asphalt concrete coverings on orthotropic or reinforced concrete slab of the carriageway of the bridge with improved physical and mechanical properties due to the use of thermosetting polymer additives as a bitumen modifier. Results. The analysis of experimental researches of physical and mechanical properties of epoxy asphalt concrete is carried out and efficiency of its application for improvement of quality of coverings on road bridges and increase of their durability is defined. A set of studies was conducted to compare the properties of epoxy asphalt concrete and source asphalt concrete on viscous and rarefied bitumen. Conclusions. To increase the fatigue life of asphalt pavements on road bridges in modern conditions of high traffic intensity in our region with a wide range of operating temperatures, it is necessary to develop new solutions for the use of building materials. That is why the study of physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concretes improved by thermosetting polymer additives in order to determine their true effectiveness in improving track resistance, strength and crack resistance of coatings based on them is an urgent issue today. The use of epoxy-asphalt concrete coating on orthotropic or reinforced concrete slab of the carriageway of the bridge requires special attention in establishing the optimal duration and curing temperature of epoxy components, which can dramatically affect its physical and mechanical properties and determine the cooking technology. Keywords: epoxy asphalt concrete, epoxy asphalt concrete mixture, physical and mechanical properties of epoxy asphalt concrete, composition of epoxy asphalt concrete mixtures, epoxy resin, road bitumen, modification of bitumen, properties of bitumen, durability of paving.
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Kemalov, Alim Feizrakhmanovich, Ruslan Alimovich Kemalov, Ilmira Maratovna Abdrafikova, Pavel Sagitovich Fakhretdinov y Dinar Zinnurovich Valiev. "Polyfunctional Modifiers for Bitumen and Bituminous Materials with High Performance". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7913527.
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Over the last decade increase in capacity and the intensity of vehicular traffic has increased manifoldly, including heavy trucks, super singles, and higher tire pressures, resulting in significant increase of dynamic loads on the road surface which in turn lead to high quality requirements for bitumen in order to avoid premature wear and failure of asphalt concrete pavements. One of the possibilities to increase the quality of bitumen is to use special additives and modifiers that can provide a high adhesion to mineral filler and inhibit the aging and degradation processes in the asphalt coating. To achieve this, in the present study composite modifiers based on bisimidazolines derivatives were synthesized. The developed polyfunctional modifier (PFM) of complex action provides enhanced thermal stability, significantly improves the adhesion between bitumen binder and aggregates, and also improves the physical-mechanical properties of the asphalt concrete. Based on the test results it is recommended to use the synthesized samples of the PFM additive with complex action in asphalt mixtures for road paving.
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Ren, Yanru, Hui Cao, Haijun Xu, Xin Xiong, Rumen Krastev y Luo Liu. "Improved aging properties of bio-bitumen coating sheets by using modified lignin". Journal of Environmental Management 274 (noviembre de 2020): 111178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111178.
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Yadykina, V., S. Navolokina y Anatoliy Gridchin. "INCREASING THE RESISTANCE OF MACADAM-MASTIC ASPHALT CONCRETE TO RUT FORMATION DUE TO THE USE OF POLYMER MODIFIERS". Construction Materials and Products 3, n.º 6 (14 de febrero de 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-6-27-34.
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Rutting is an important problem in Russia today. One of the ways to improve the properties of asphalt concrete mixtures and reduce wear on road surfaces is to modify the binder with polymer additives. The aim of the work was to test the selected compositions of MMAC mixtures containing bitumen modified with the addition of sevilene and rubber for rutting resistance, which make it possible to predict the formation of plastic rut. It was revealed that when using sevilen in its composition, with an increase in the concentration of vinyl acetate, the depth of the track increases in comparison with the industrial polymer-bitumen binder. It is shown that with the introduction of a complex additive based on sevilen and rubber into the binder composition, its rutting decreases and the service life of the road surface increases, which indicates a high elasticity of the complex-modified binder. In this work, the calculation of the service life of the coating before the formation of a critical rut requiring repair of the coating is carried out. It was found that in terms of the slope of the rutting curve and the proportional depth of the rut, the compositions with sevilene and rubber are not inferior to traditional industrial PBB.
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Ishag Obi, Nasreldeen, Mohd Najib Razali y Abdurahman Hamid Nour. "Characterisation of bitumen, refined waste oil, and emulsifiers for coating and insulation purposes". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1092, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1092/1/012021.
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Valentová, Tereza y Jan Valentin. "Alternative Additives for Improving the Functional Characteristics and Performance-Based Behavior of Asphalt Mixes in the Fine-Grained Active Filler Form". Key Engineering Materials 731 (marzo de 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.731.1.
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Deterioration of asphalt pavements by water immersion and increased moisture content, presents one of the principal issues for pavement technologists. Especially if concentrating on initial phases of the life-cycle of a pavement. Water in the form of rain precipitation and natural air moisture can be harmful to the bonds between bitumen and aggregate particles, which occurs through the medium deteriorated adhesion on the interface of those phases, or the overall deterioration of the adhesion. Even if it might look at the first glance that bituminous binder creates perfectly impermeable layer of particular aggregate particles, in reality the bitumen film makes unstable coating of aggregates in unequal thicknesses and frequencies. Those weakened areas are far more susceptible to water and moisture affects, which enter the asphalt layer on the boundary of aggregates and bituminous binder. To improve the adhesion between bitumen and aggregates and to get in general better functional characteristics of asphalt mixtures large number of available additives exists in civil engineering. First group can be defined as additives which are added directly to the bituminous binder and provides a kind of bitumen modification. Second group includes mineral additives, which may partially or completely replaced fine-grained particles, normally in the form of filler. In this article the objective was set to qualify effect of mechanically activated microfiller originating from limestone by-products or from recycled concrete as a substitute to fine-grained active filler in asphalt mixtures. The research targeted to utilize waste materials and to contribute to the reduction of overall negative impacts to the environment.
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Connan, J. "Use and trade of bitumen in antiquity and prehistory: molecular archaeology reveals secrets of past civilizations". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, n.º 1379 (29 de enero de 1999): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0358.
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Natural asphalt (or bitumen) deposits, oil seepage and liquid oil shows are widespread in the Middle East, especially in the Zagros mountains of Iran. Ancient people from northern Iraq, south–west Iran and the Dead Sea area extensively used this ubiquitous natural resource until the Neolithic period (7000 to 6000 BC). Evidence of earlier use has been recently documented in the Syrian desert near (Boëda et al. 1996) near El Kown, where bitumen–coated flint implements, dated to 40,000 BC (Mousterian period), have been unearthed. This discovery at least proves that bitumen was used by Neanderthal populations as hafting material to fix handles to their flint tools. Numerous testimonies, proving the importance of this petroleum–based material in Ancient civilizations, were brought to light by the excavations conducted in the Near East as of the beginning of the century. Bitumen remains show a wide range of uses that can be classified under several headings. First of all, bitumen was largely used in Mesopotamia and Elam as mortar in the construction of palaces (e.g. the Darius Palace in Susa), temples, ziggurats (e.g. the so–called ‘Tower of Babel’ in Babylon), terraces (e.g. the famous ‘Hanging Gardens of Babylon’) and exceptionally for roadway coating (e.g. the processional way of Babylon). Since the Neolithic, bitumen served to waterproof containers (baskets, earthenware jars, storage pits), wooden posts, palace grounds (e.g. in Mari and Haradum), reserves of lustral waters, bathrooms, palm roofs, etc. Mats, sarcophagi, coffins and jars, used for funeral practices, were often covered and sealed with bitumen. Reed and wood boats were also caulked with bitumen. Abundant lumps of bituminous mixtures used for that particular purpose have been found in storage rooms of houses at Ra's al–Junayz in Oman. Bitumen was also a widespread adhesive in antiquity and served to repair broken ceramics, fix eyes and horns on statues (e.g. at Tell al–Ubaid around 2500 BC). Beautiful decorations with stones, shells, mother of pearl, on palm trees, cups, ostrich eggs, musical instruments (e.g. the Queen's lyre) and other items, such as rings, jewellery and games, have been excavated from the Royal tombs in Ur. They are on view in the British Museum. With a special enigmatic material, commonly referred to as ‘bitumen mastic’, the inhabitants of Susa sculpted masterpieces of art which are today exhibited in the Louvre Museum in Paris. This unique collection is presented in a book by Connan and Deschesne (1996). Last, bitumen was also considered as a powerful remedy in medical practice, especially as a disinfectant and insecticide, and was used by the ancient Egyptians to prepare mixtures to embalm the corpses of their dead. Modern analytical techniques, currently applied in the field of petroleum geochemistry, have been adapted to the study of numerous archaeological bituminous mixtures found in excavations. More than 700 bituminous samples have been analysed during the last decade, using gas chromatography alone and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and isotopic chemistry (carbon and hydrogen mainly). These powerful tools, focused on the detailed analysis of biomarkers in hydrocarbon fractions, were calibrated on various well–known natural sources of bitumen in Iraq, Syria, Iran, Bahrain and Kuwait. These reference studies have made it possible to establish the origins of bitumen from numerous archaeological sites and to document the bitumen trade routes in the Middle East and the Arabo–Persian Gulf. Using a well–documented case history, Tell el ‘Oueili (5800 to 3500 BC) in South Mesopotamia, we will illustrate in this paper how these new molecular and isotopic tools can help us to recognize different sources of bitumen and to trace the ancient trade routes through time. These import routes were found to vary with major cultural and political changes in the area under study. A second example, referring to the prehistoric period, describes bitumen traces on flint implements, dated from Mousterian times. This discovery, from the Umm El Tlel excavations near El Kown in Syria, was reported in 1996 in Boëda et al . At that time, the origin of the bitumen had not been elucidated due to contamination problems. Last year, a ball of natural oil–stained sands, unearthed from the same archaeological layer, allowed us to determine the source of the bitumen used. This source is regional and located in the Jebel Bichri, nearly 40 km from the archaeological site. The last case history was selected to illustrate another aspect of the investigations carried out. Recent geochemical studies on more than 20 balms from Egyptian mummies from the Intermediate, Ptolemaic and Roman periods have revealed that these balms are composed of various mixtures of bitumen, conifer resins, grease and beeswax. Bitumen occurs with the other ingredients and the balms studied show a great variety of molecular compositions. Bitumen from the Dead Sea area is the most common source but some other sources (Hit in Iraq?) are also revealed by different molecular patterns. The absolute amount of bitumen in balms varies from almost zero to 30% per weight.
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Shi, Xingwei, Jingyi Wang, Lu Gong, Hong Luo, Jiankuan Li, Vahidoddin Fattahpour, Mahdi Mahmoudi et al. "Investigation of the Antifouling Mechanism of Electroless Nickel–Phosphorus Coating against Sand and Bitumen". Energy & Fuels 33, n.º 7 (10 de junio de 2019): 6350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b01212.
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Anita, Wasif Zaheer, Karan Jakhar, Dion S. Antao, Subodh Gupta y Sarbajit Banerjee. "Powder bed coating of bitumen with asphaltenes to obtain solid prills for midstream transportation". Fuel 302 (octubre de 2021): 121093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121093.
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Costa, Juliana O., Paulo H. R. Borges, Flávio A. dos Santos, Augusto Cesar S. Bezerra, Johan Blom y Wim Van den bergh. "The Effect of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Aggregates on the Reaction, Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Alkali-Activated Slag". CivilEng 2, n.º 3 (4 de septiembre de 2021): 794–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng2030043.
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Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a recyclable aggregate produced during the demolition of old flexible pavements and consists of natural aggregates (NA) coated with aged bitumen. The detrimental effect caused by the bitumen coating on strength and porosity has limited the use of RAP on traditional cementitious systems. This study investigates the potential use of fine RAP to substitute NA in the production of alkali-activated slag mortars (AAM). The effect of different activator dosages was assessed, i.e., either 4% or 6% Na2O (wt. slag) combined with a modulus of silica equal to 0, 0.5 and 1.0. The characterisation of 100% RAP-AAM consisted of hydration kinetics (Isothermal Calorimetry), pore size distribution (Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry), mechanical performance (Compressive and Flexural strength), and microstructure analysis (Scanning Electron Microscopy and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy). The results show that RAP aggregates do not compromise the reaction of the matrices; however, it causes a significant strength loss (compressive strength of RAP-mortars 54% lower than reference NA-mortar at 28 days). The higher porosity at the interface transition zone of RAP-AAM is the main responsible for the lower strength performance. Increasing silicate dosages improves alkaline activation, but it has little impact on the adhesion between aggregate and bitumen. Despite the poorer mechanical performance, 100% RAP-AAM still yields enough strength to promote this recycled material in engineering applications.
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Hostev, Yuriy, Lev Rumiantsev y Tetyana Kostrulova. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE TYPE, STRUCTURE AND CONDITION OF ROAD COATING ON THE OPERATING PROPERTIES OF HORIZONTAL ROAD MARKING". Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, n.º 4 (260) ’ 2019 (28 de diciembre de 2019): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2019-4-260-42-46.
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The factors that influence on functional durability of the road marking, in particular, the type, quality, condition and surface structure of the road surface are considered in the article. The durability of the road marking will be significantly reduced on asphalt pavement with low quality bitumen or with a high content of bitumen in the mixture. As a result of bitumen fogging, the road marking loses its performance, especially affecting luminance and retroreflectivity. The degree of pavement wear also affects the durability. Old, fragile pavement is unable to retain the road marking for a long time, so its service life will be extremely low. The wear of road marking on the cement pavement is higher than on the asphalt pavement. This is due to the peculiarities of the interaction of pavements of different chemical nature with the road marking materials. The article presents the results of studies of the effect of pavement with different roughness and different types on the properties of retroreflectivity. It is established that on the road sections with pavement having a rough surface treatment, retroreflectivity is reduced by 2-3 times in comparison with the asphalt pavement with a smooth surface. Also, the results of the studies showed that the wear of the road marking lines on the surface with high roughness after 3 months of operation is almost 2 times higher than the degree of road marking wear on the smooth surface. On cement pavement the decrease of retroreflectivity occurs more intensively during the first months of operation. The areas with cement pavement wear faster than on those with smooth asphalt pavement, but not as intensively as the areas with surface treatment. To ensure the durability of road marking on asphalt pavement with treated surface treatment and of cement pavement in comparison with the road marking on asphalt pavement with natural roughness, it is necessary to give preference to the road marking materials with higher viscosity (cold and hot plastics) or increase application of paint amount by 50-60 %, as well as increase the specific use of glass beads and of bigger fractions. Keywords: road marking, wear, surface treatment, retroreflectivity, paint, roughness.
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Vysotskaya, Marina, Anastasia Kurlykina, Artem Shiryaev, Anna Tkacheva y Dmitry Litovchenko. "Modification of bituminous binders for guss asphalt". E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127402011.
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Over the past few years, the research of the use of cast asphalt concrete mixtures in the upper layers of the coating of bridge structures has been actively carried out. The experience gained allows us to conclude that one of the most common effective ways to improve the durability and thermal stability of cast asphalt concrete pavements is the use of modified bituminous binders. The modified bitumen part of cast asphalt concrete acts as a medium capable of initiating the «self-healing» of the composite, independently eliminating structural defects. This study aims to research the rheological characteristics of modified bituminous binders. Bitumen grade BND 50/70 was used as a raw material in the study; the following types of additives were used as its modifiers: rubber modifier (RM), EVATHERM and SBS. The optimal concentrations of the proposed additives for modification allowing to achieve the effect of structuring the mastic component of cast asphalt concrete with insignificant increases in the temperatures of mixing and compaction of mixtures based on them have been revealed.
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Farrokhzad, M. A. y T. I. Khan. "High Temperature Oxidation of Nickel-based Cermet Coatings Composed of Al2O3 and TiO2 Nanosized Particles". High Temperature Materials and Processes 33, n.º 5 (29 de septiembre de 2014): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2013-0085.
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AbstractNew technological challenges in oil production require materials that can resist high temperature oxidation. In-Situ Combustion (ISC) oil production technique is a new method that uses injection of air and ignition techniques to reduce the viscosity of bitumen in a reservoir and as a result crude bitumen can be produced and extracted from the reservoir. During the in-situ combustion process, production pipes and other mechanical components can be exposed to air-like gaseous environments at extreme temperatures as high as 700 °C. To protect or reduce the surface degradation of pipes and mechanical components used in in-situ combustion, the use of nickel-based ceramic-metallic (cermet) coating produced by co-electrodeposition of nanosized Al2O3 and TiO2 have been suggested and earlier research on these coatings have shown promising oxidation resistance against atmospheric oxygen and combustion gases at elevated temperatures. Co-electrodeposition of nickel-based cermet coatings is a low-cost method that has the benefit of allowing both internal and external surfaces of pipes and components to be coated during a single electroplating process. Research has shown that the volume fraction of dispersed nanosized Al2O3 and TiO2 particles in the nickel matrix which affects the oxidation resistance of the coating can be controlled by the concentration of these particles in the electrolyte solution, as well as the applied current density during electrodeposition. This paper investigates the high temperature oxidation behaviour of novel nanostructured cermet coatings composed of two types of dispersed nanosized ceramic particles (Al2O3 and TiO2) in a nickel matrix and produced by coelectrodeposition technique as a function of the concentration of these particles in the electrolyte solution and applied current density. For this purpose, high temperature oxidation tests were conducted in dry air for 96 hours at 700 °C to obtain mass changes (per unit of area) at specific time intervals. Statistical techniques as described in ASTM G16 were used to formulate the oxidation mass change as a function of time. The cross-section and surface of the oxidized coatings were examined for both visual and chemical analyses using wavelength dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (WDS) element mapping, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the volume fraction for each type of particle in the nickel matrix corresponded to its partial molar concentration in the electrolyte solutions. Increase in volume fraction of particles in the nickel matrix was correlated to lower oxidation rates. It was concluded that formation of Ni3TiO5 and NiTiO3 compounds can reduce the oxidation rate of cermet coatings by capturing some inward diffusing oxygen ions resulting in a lower number of nickel cations diffusing upward into the oxide layer.
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Pincus, HJ y KS Tawfiq. "Laboratory Investigation on Bitumen Coating and Polyethylene Sheeting for Downdrag Reduction in Piles: A Comparative Study". Geotechnical Testing Journal 17, n.º 2 (1994): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj10089j.
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Pokorný, Jaroslav, Marek Moucha, Jan Fořt y Zbyšek Pavlík. "Effect of Artificial Ageing on Sprayed Waterproof Insulation Based on Polyurethane Elastomer". Key Engineering Materials 707 (septiembre de 2016): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.707.72.
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Ground water, rain and other environmental effects are important moisture sources which affect the durability and performance of basements, roofs, underground and other building structures in the direct contact with moisture. Waterproof materials such as bitumen sheets, polymeric foils and membranes provide basic protection of constructions against harmful moisture action. However, in some cases, the applicability of commonly applied waterproof insulation systems is limited as for example in tunnel constructions with complicated geometry or in areas with unstable subsoil. Here, advanced types of waterproof materials find use. On this account, sprayed waterproof coating based on polyurethane elastomer designed for protection of complicated shapes and extremely mechanically loaded structures is experimentally researched in the paper. The obtained data give clear evidence of a good resistance of studied coating against artificial accelerated temperature ageing. The studied material has high resistivity to impact and ductility. The interaction of accelerated aging and impact loading has no effect on vapor-and waterproof function of the insulation layer. In addition, polyurethane elastomer provides a sufficient adhesion to the typical buildings materials, such as concrete, ceramic brick, etc.
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Gupta, Anik, Pedro Lastra-Gonzalez, Daniel Castro-Fresno y Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez. "Laboratory Characterization of Porous Asphalt Mixtures with Aramid Fibers". Materials 14, n.º 8 (13 de abril de 2021): 1935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081935.
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Recent studies have shown that fibers improve the performance of porous asphalt mixtures. In this study, the influence of four different fibers, (a) regular aramid fiber (RegAR), (b) aramid fiber with latex coating (ARLat), (c) aramid fiber with polyurethane coating (ARPoly), (d) aramid fiber of length 12 mm (AR12) was evaluated on abrasion resistance and toughness of the mixtures. The functional performance was estimated using permeability tests and the mechanical performance was evaluated using the Cantabro test and indirect tensile strength tests. The parameters such as fracture energy, post cracking energy, and toughness were obtained through stress-strain plots. Based on the analysis of results, it was concluded that the addition of ARLat fibers enhanced the abrasion resistance of the mixtures. In terms of ITS, ARPoly and RegAR have positively influenced mixtures under dry conditions. However, the mixtures with all aramid fibers were found to have adverse effects on the ITS under wet conditions and energy parameters of porous asphalt mixtures with the traditional percentages of bitumen in the mixture used in Spain (i.e., approximately 4.5%).
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Chen, Qiang, Jun Liu, Thomas Thundat, Murray R. Gray y Qi Liu. "Spatially resolved organic coating on clay minerals in bitumen froth revealed by atomic force microscopy adhesion mapping". Fuel 191 (marzo de 2017): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.091.
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Mayama, Masakazu y Masatoshi Harada. "Logarithmic Decrement and Dynamic Modulus of Coated Cement Concrete". Key Engineering Materials 302-303 (enero de 2006): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.302-303.493.
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This report presents a research on vibration absorption properties of coated cement concrete, by discussing the logarithmic decrement and dynamic modulus obtained from bending vibration test at various temperatures. The effect of temperature and bitumen content on the vibration properties of materials was evaluated. As temperature and/or coating asphalt content increased, coated cement concrete increased logarithmic decrement and resulted in increasing vibration absorption than the conventional cement concrete. The vibration properties of coated cement concrete were similar to those of conventional cement concrete in the low temperature range. The dynamic modulus of coated cement concrete decreased at higher temperatures. The rate of decrease of dynamic modulus at higher temperatures was comparatively small in comparison with the rate of increase of logarithmic decrement.
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Ullah, Rizwan, Shuja Ullah, Nazir Rehman, Fayyaz Ali, Muhammad Asim, Muhammad Tahir, Subhan Ullah y Shafi Muhammad. "Aggregate Suitability of the Late Permian Wargal Limestone at Kafar Kot Chashma Area, Khisor Range, Pakistan". International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 11, n.º 1 (7 de julio de 2020): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v11i1.418.
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This study was carried out for the investigation of the Late Permian Wargal limestone at Kafar Kot Chashma area, Khisor Range to determine its suitability as an aggregate that is used in road construction and civil structures with the help of geological engineering testing. The results of geological engineering testing of Wargal limestone samples show the tolerable values of all standard engineering parameters including the Loss Angles Abrasion value (23.37%), Aggregate impact (16.8%), Crushing value 13.1%, Unit weight 1.67, Soundness (1.007%), Specific gravity (2.70), Water Absorption (0.48%), Flakiness Index (6.5%), Elongation value (7.1%), Coating of bitumen (> 95%), stripping of bitumen (<5%), California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value (93.6%), Maximum Dry Density 2.307g/c and Optimum Moisture Content (5.79%). As per different International and National Standards like AASHTO, ASTM, BS and NHA, the mentioned results of various engineering tests were within the tolerable limits. The petrography of the selected samples of the Late Permian Wargal limestone revealed very minor value of quartz (0.5%), hematite/limonite (0.6%) and clay content 1.0% showing the insignificant threat of ASR. The values of dolomite are limited to (1%) which shows that there is no ACR reaction with ordinary Portland cement. The results of geological and engineering parameters of the study area strongly suggest its suitability as a potential aggregate (i.e. for the base course, subbase course, cement concrete and asphalt) in the road construction.
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Trautvain, A. I., Evgeniy A. Yakovlev, V. A. Grichanikov y Ye D. Potar'. "The Relationship of the Asphalt Mixtures Composition and Physical Mechanical Characteristics of the Coating". Materials Science Forum 974 (diciembre de 2019): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.974.31.
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In the course of the work performance the following surveys were carried out: the analysis of the information assurance of the asphalt concrete mixtures production quality, the study of the relationship between the composition of asphalt concrete mixtures and the physical and mechanical characteristics of the coating. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the two types asphalt concrete mixtures qualitative composition and its effect on the physical, mechanical and technological characteristics of the coating. It is established that the deviation of asphalt concrete mixtures in composition from the required values leads to their under-compaction in the coating. It was also found that the increase in the number of inconsistencies in the composition of the asphalt concrete mixture leads to the increase in physical and mechanical characteristics that differ from the requirements of GOST 9128-2013 and GOST 31015-2002. The amount of bitumen on the asphalt concrete main characteristics, the data from the existing AP in the Belgorod Region were used as the information base in assessing the influence of granulometry of the asphalt concrete mineral part. Analysis of the particle size distribution was carried out using the laser analyzer for asphalt concrete AP 7 / 35B. The obtained data will be the basis for further study of the various parameters influence on the asphalt mixes properties, as well as improving the efficiency of the asphalt mix production control system.
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Navolokina, S., V. Yadykina y Anatoliy Gridchin. "CRAWLER-MASTIC ASPHALT CONCRETE WITH THE USE OF BITUMEN MODIFIED BY SEVILEEN". Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 6, n.º 8 (13 de agosto de 2021): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-8-8-16.
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Heavy traffic reduces the strength characteristics of asphalt concrete, causes peeling on the pavement. Crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete is designed for the device of the upper layers of the coating on roads with high traffic intensity. The use of polymerasfalt concrete on a modified binder can lead to an improvement in the physical and mechanical characteristics of asphalt concrete and increase its re-sistance to climatic influences. The main aspects of improving the quality of crushed stone-mastic as-phalt concrete (SMA) due to the use of a binder modified with sevilen (SEVA) are discussed. The effect of bitumen containing sevilen with 22 and 29 % vinyl acetate groups on the properties of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete has been investigated. Analysis of the results showes that the use of modified binders has a positive effect on the entire complex of physical and mechanical parameters of polymer asphalt concrete. An increase in the strength of the samples at 20 and 50 °C, a decrease in this indicator at 0 °C is established. The indicators of water and heat resistance, shear resistance and crack resistance are also improved, which should have a positive effect on the durability of the road surface. Rational concentrations of polymer additives and the amount of vinyl acetate groups in its composition have been established. The adhesion of the binder to the mineral part of the asphalt con-crete mixture is estimated. The index of sensitivity to temperature differences of asphalt concrete sam-ples is considered due to the fact that asphalt concrete is a material that reacts to temperature fluctua-tions in the external environment. The analysis of the results of the tests carried out demonstrates that the use of modified binders has a positive effect on the entire complex of physical and mechanical pa-rameters of polymer asphalt concrete.
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Yadykina, Valentina V., Anatoly M. Gridchin, Anna Trautvain y Vladimir Kholopov. "The Effectiveness of Using RAA-TA Additives for the Preparation of Warm Asphalt Concrete". Applied Mechanics and Materials 865 (junio de 2017): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.865.259.
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The possibility to reduce the temperature during manufacturing and the temperature of compaction of asphalt mix by introducing the specially designed RAA-TA (Road Adhesive Additive for the warm asphalt concrete) additive to the bitumen has been demonstrated. Reducing the preparation temperature for asphalt mixture to 130 ° C, and the compaction temperature of the hot mix to 100 ° C, by using the additives, the characteristics of warm asphalt concrete meet the requirements of State Standards for hot asphalt concrete. The results indicate that the administration of additives improves strength at 20 and 50 ° C and reduces this index at 0 ° C, and with increasing the concentration of the researched additive its positive effect increases. The greatest effect of the additive is observed on such parameters as water saturation and water resistance of asphalt concrete, which is obviously connected with the improved encapsulation of mineral materials by bitumen due to the reduction of its viscosity and improvement of adhesive properties due to the additive composition. This will reduce the fuel consumption, the emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere during the bituminous mixture production and asphalt coating making, as well as increase the distance of its transportation to the work site. At the same time the physical and mechanical characteristics of asphalt concrete with the addition of RAA-TA do not deteriorate. As a result of reducing the temperature of laying and compacting of asphalt mix the season of road construction can be extended and the pressure on the environment can be significantly reduced.
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Alzuhairi, Mohammed, Ahmed Al-Ghaban y Shams Almutalabi. "Chemical recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (waste water bottles) for improving the properties of asphalt mixture". MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 01042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816201042.
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One of the most prevalent of waste materials is Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) which is used mainly to produce the drinking water bottles. In this research, the waste plastic bottles, which are normally made from PET was used to investigate the possibility of using this material as an additive in asphalt concrete mixtures. Six different proportions (w/w %) of Degradated Polyethylene Terephthalate (DPET) (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12%) have been added to bitumen to prepare the specimens. The tests include Marshall Method of mix design and coating with asphalt. The results indicated that the mixture property modification increased as the content of (DPET) increases. This additive gives maximum flexibility and rigidity of the asphalt, according to ductility and penetration tests. Marshall Method gives better resistance against permanent deformations and better engineering properties in terms of stability, flow value, air voids and water absorption comparing with non-modified mixtures.
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Čygas, Donatas. "MAIN PROBLEMS OF MANUFACTURING ASPHALT CONCRETE MIXTURES IN LITHUANIA/ASFALTBETONIO MIŠINIŲ GAMYBOS SVARBIAUSIOS PROBLEMOS LIETUVOJE". JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 6, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2000): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.2000.10531562.
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The article describes the main problems of manufacturing asphalt concrete mixtures at the factories under Ministry of Communication in the Republic of Lithuania. The Lithuanian Road Network is up to 21.122 km of state roads. 1.455 km of them are motorways, 3.415 km—national roads and 16.251 km—regional roads. Half of the state roads in Lithuania are paved with asphalt concrete. 98% of the motorways and 36% of the regional roads have asphalt pavement. Asphalt concrete pavement resistance to corrosion can be increased by improving asphalt concrete mixture production technology: ie by updating technological equipment, changing technological conditions and developing new methods of asphalt concrete mixture production. Therefore, the updating of asphalt concrete mixture production technologies is a very important factor for improving road operating properties and ensuring proper duration of asphalt concrete pavements. Here is the essence of the new separate successive technology: crushed stone and sand are mixed with bitumen in the main asphalt concrete mixer, the amount of bitumen being calculated according to the bitumen absorption in the materials. Then the asphalt cement material produced in a separate high-speed mixer is passed, and the whole mixture is remixed in the main mixer and supplied to the customer. Both separate consequent technologies differ from each other in the order of supplying asphalt cement material into the main mixing unit. Separate successive technology was theoretically grounded by the correlation between the technological thickness of bituminous film and the chemical-mineralogical composition and size of constituents, by the correlation between the particle size and their capability to compose aggregates, by the emergence of the oriented binding material coating on the technological bituminous film encoating mineral particles. Special attention is given to the manufacturing of asphalt cement material in a separate high-speed mixer (3 Table). It was theoretically grounded that mineral filler passing through the intensive shift zone between the paddle ends of the high-speed mixer and the walls of mixing chamber disintegrate and new active surfaces become visible. The molecular structure changes and free radicals appear. This intensive mixing guarantees high bitumen adsorption on the surface of mineral filler, which increases asphalt concrete resistance to corrosion and its durability, improves ecological environment in the asphalt concrete plant. In order to confirm the reliability of research results and explain correlative and regressive regularity, statistical data were processed applying statistical data processing programming system “STATGRAPHICS”. The linear regressive analysis for determining close relations of separate asphalt concrete quality indicators with speed gradient of asphalt cement material shift in a high-speed mixer was performed. Therefore, the possibility to change shift speed gradient from 3000 to 5000 1/s is provided in terms of reference for manufacturing asphalt concrete mixing plant. Correlation between separate asphalt concrete quality indicators and asphalt cement material shift speed gradient as well as bitumen amount in the asphalt cement material was determined by multi-dimensional regressive analysis of experimental data. The calculated correlation factor squared (R2) and F criteria indicate the adequacy and reliability of the multidimensional regression model.
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Belova, N. A., L. P. Korotovenko y N. A. Strakhova. "ADDITIVES TO BITUMENS". Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 45, n.º 3 (12 de mayo de 2019): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2018-45-3-175-184.
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Objectives. Improving the quality of road bitumen is currently particularly relevant, since allows you to extend the life of road asphalt coatings with the ever-increasing fleet of cars. The main task of research was to study the effect of used oils on the process of structure formation of oxidized bitumen.Method. The introduction of additives of different nature, i.e. its modification, both itself and raw materials, is one of the main ways to improve the physicomechanical properties of bitumens. Introduction to bitumen of small additives containing carboxyl groups, hydroxy acids and resin acids allows one to control not only the adhesion properties of bitumens, but also to ensure the stability of the asphalt concrete mixture at high temperatures. As components of a polyfunctional modifier, to improve the physicochemical and physicomechanical properties of bitumen and their asphalt concrete, the following distilled talovoe oil TU 13-00281074-26-95, petaerythritol GOST 9286-76 and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer are proposed. -97.Result. A technology has been developed to draw used oils into tars in order to obtain high-quality road bitumen grades BND 60/90 and to investigate the qualitative characteristics of bitumen raw materials, used synthetic and mineral oils and bitumen. Waste oils with deter-gent - dispersant additive CPD (colloidal dispersion of calcium carbonate in oil M-14 stabilized with calcium sulfonate, used in the preparation of motor fuels) can be used in the composition of the residual raw materials of refining processes as an activating additive.Conclusion. Improvement of the physicomechanical properties of high-quality bitumen is possible by complex modification with various additives, which allows creating conditions for the long-term operation of pavements under the influence of modern traffic loads and adverse weather conditions. In order to obtain modified bitumen of improved quality, selection of modifying additives and the technology for their preparation are required.
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Korenkov, Igor P., T. N. Lashchenova, N. K. Shandala, A. I. Ermakov y A. B. Mayzik. "ESTIMATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE DRY METHOD OF DECONTAMINATION OF SURFACE CONTAMINATION OF ALPHA-EMITTING-RADIONUCLIDES". Hygiene and sanitation 98, n.º 8 (28 de octubre de 2019): 878–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-8-878-884.
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The article describes the evaluation of the efficiency of using the technology of dry method of decontamination of α-radionuclides from working surfaces of premises for different materials, equipment and building structures. Materials and methods. Instruments for measuring of ambient dose equivalent rate (ADER) with a lower limit of 0.03 μSv/h. Specific activity of α-radionuclides in the samples was determined by radiometric, radiochemical and spectrometric methods using standard methods in the accredited laboratory. The measurements in situ were also carried out using the ISOCS «CANBERRA» mobile gamma-ray spectrometry system with high purity germanium detector and a collimator. Technological equipment included industrial vacuum cleaner with nozzles; high-pressure device; packing sets for RAW collection; HEPA filters; personal protective equipment. Results. Maps of spatial distribution of surface α-contamination in the building was constructed. We performed cluster analysis of data for zoning of contaminated surfaces. The decontamination factor for porous (brick, concrete), smooth (wood, brown tiles, laminate) and sticky (bitumen, mastic) surfaces was determined. Conclusion. The cluster analysis made it possible to identify 4 levels of surface α- and β- contamination, particles/cm2 ∙ min: zone I - for α- above 50, for β- above 10,000; zone II - for α- 5-50, for β- 2,000-10,000; zone III - for α- no more than 5, for β- 2000; zone IV - corresponds to the background values of the workspace surfaces. The dry decontamination method revealed a high content of fine dust aerosol fraction deposited in the lungs. To increase the efficiency of dust suppression, water aerosol with droplet size of 100 - 400 microns and quartz sand with particle size of 100-200 microns were sprayed at the rate of 200-400 g per 1 m2. The decontamination coefficient depends on the coating material and the level of surface contamination: concrete - 91 to 97.8%; brick - 85-86%, wood - 38.8-53%; brownstone tiles - up to 29%; mastic - 22-28%; bitumen - 15.9-20%. To protect the personnel, radiation-hygienic rationing of PM10 and PM2,5 content is necessary.
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Indraratna, B., A. S. Balasubramaniam, P. Phamvan y Y. K. Wong. "Development of negative skin friction on driven piles in soft Bangkok clay". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, n.º 3 (1 de junio de 1992): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-044.
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This paper describes the results of short-term pullout tests and long-term full-scale measurements of negative skin friction on driven piles in Bangkok subsoils. Two instrumented cylindrical (hollow) prestressed concrete piles were fully equipped with two independent load-measurement systems, load cells, and telltale rods. Pore pressures and ground movements in the vicinity of the piles were monitored throughout the period of investigation. The effect of bitumen coating on negative skin friction was also studied. The long-term behaviour of driven piles was compared with the estimated values obtained from short-term pullout tests and soil strength data. It was found that the negative skin friction can be predicted well by the effective stress approach using values of β between 0.1 and 0.2. The load–settlement and load–transfer behaviour were numerically modelled to acquire a more comprehensive understanding of negative skin friction developed on driven piles. A settlement-controlled concept is also introduced for piles subjected to negative skin friction, on the basis of these findings. Key words : consolidation, downdrag, driven pile, embankment, finite elements, pore pressures, pullout, settlements, soft clay.
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Pshembaev, M. K. y Ya N. Kovalev. "OPTIMIZATION OF PRESERVATIVE FOR PROTECTION OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT OF HIGHWAYS". Science & Technique 17, n.º 2 (13 de abril de 2018): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2018-17-2-95-99.
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Disadvantages of road concrete pavement quite well known professionals-standards. They were mainly low elasticity modulus asphaltic concrete, as well as a fairly rapid aging of asphalt concrete core component-bitumen. And, as a consequence, is relatively low durability of the coating, the need for frequent repair. To some extent, cement concrete cover signifi cantly outperform this index of asphalt, convinces experience roads of Germany, the United States and other countries. The correct structure of concrete, overall compliance technology laying concrete, comprehensive quality control production work, sufficient technical personnel qualifications provide long defect-free work road re-coated. However, violations by manufacture of works or in the process of exploitation, particularly in the harsh conditions of freezing and thawing, saturation-drying, especially under the influence of salts-defrosting, cause defects, reduce its durability. There are two directions of increase of durability of the coating. Firstly, it is the primary protection is the creation of concrete with minimal possible on data components mixture water cement ratio that provides reception of concrete with minimum porosity and consequently with maximum durability. Secondly, the secondary protection, providing increased resistance already ready-mixed concrete cover external aggressive actions. In this case against the background of other ways quite promising looks impregnation of the surface concrete integrated structure. Composition must contain multiple components, primarily water repellents, preventing penetration of fluid into the body of the concrete, and finely dispersed silica sol in particular silica, providing reduction of the porosity of the surface layers of concrete by interacting with the free calcium hydroxide. The problem of optimization of impregnation structure and is dedicated to this work.
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Yatsishina, E. B., V. M. Pozhidaev, O. A. Vasilyeva, O. P. Dyuzheva, Ya E. Sergeeva, V. M. Retivov, E. Yu Tereschenko, I. S. Kulikova, E. S. Vaschenkova y E. I. Kozhukhova. "The determination of the origin of natural bitumen in mummifying resins of Ancient Egyptian mummies from the collection of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts". Fine Chemical Technologies 14, n.º 4 (15 de septiembre de 2019): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2019-14-4-45-58.
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This work presents the results of a study of the resins of seven Ancient Egyptian mummies from the collection of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts using a complex of analytical methods: gas chromatography, atomic emission and mass spectrometry. Natural bitumen and beeswax were identified in the resins using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method. Based on the results of hydrocarbon distribution in the profiles of n-alkanes in the resin coatings of the mummies and naturally occurring bitumen, it was assumed that the Dead Sea bitumen was used. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry studies of mummy resins in the selected ion mode (m/z 217 and 191) provided additional evidence of the bitumen’s geographic origin. Atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma was used as a means to determine the content of microelements. Vanadium, nickel and molybdenum were found in the tar of five mummies. The determined relative amounts of vanadium, nickel, and molybdenum in the resins of the studied mummies showed a good correlation with the available data on the content of these elements in the Dead Sea bitumen, as well as the Fayum mummy resin based on this bitumen. The advantages of using the method of identifying bitumen in mummy resins based on relative content of vanadium, nickel, and molybdenum were revealed.
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Anikeeva, O., A. Ivahnenko y M. Storublev. "IDENTIFICATION OF INDICATORS OF INTERACTING INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE SUBSYSTEMS FOR ACHIEVING QUALITY MANAGEMENT PURPOSES". Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 5, n.º 12 (8 de enero de 2021): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-12-136-144.
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Highways are the most important component of country's economic development. They are a complex of engineering structures that are subject to various kinds of deformations during operation. The causes of premature defects are outdated technologies, poor quality materials, high traffic loads, and weather conditions. On average, after 2–3 years of the new road operation, pits, overflows, potholes, cracks, rutting occur on asphalt concrete pavement, its presence worsens the traffic conditions on the road and violates the unimpeded passage of cars. To extend the life cycle of a transport object, there are preventive measures that prevent the destruction of road surfaces. Such activities include regular maintenance and repair work. One of the effective measures is the use of road impregnation materials (RIM). Road-impregnation materials are used in case of need to prevent aging of the organic binder in the composition of asphalt concrete in the coating, as well as to reduce the impact of external factors. In this article, the influence of the basis of the impregnating material of two manufacturers on the indicators of the properties of asphalt concrete of various degrees of destruction is investigated. Among the considered impregnating compositions, solvent-based road impregnation materials proved to be the most effective. It has been established that the abrasive effect on samples of asphalt concrete significantly reduces the effectiveness of impregnating materials, especially based on bitumen emulsion.