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1
Willie, Christopher Kenneth. "Cerebral blood flow in man : regulation by arterial blood gases". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/47074.
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Due to the high metabolic rate of brain tissue and nominal substrate storage, brain perfusion must be precisely regulated to ensure continuous delivery of oxygen and substrates. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is principally regulated by tissue metabolism, perfusion pressure, autonomic nervous activity, and the partial pressures of arterial oxygen (PaO₂)and carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) – an integrative process thus involving the marked influence of pulmonary gas exchange and cardiovascular function, in addition to intracranial mediators of cerebrovascular resistance. This thesis explicates the roles of PaO₂ and PaCO₂ in human regulation of regional CBF. In study 1, to elucidate their discrete roles, PaO₂ and PaCO₂ were independently manipulated at sea level through the widest range tolerated in humans. Flow reactivity to hypocapnia (low PaCO₂) and hypoxia (low PaO₂) was greater in the vertebral (VA) than internal carotid (ICA) artery, whereas similar reactivity was observed during hypercapnia (high PaCO₂) and hyperoxia (high PaO2₂. Cerebral oxygen delivery was well protected except in cases of extreme hypocapnia. The ventilatory response to hypoxia mitigates falling PaO₂ and reduces PaCO₂, particularly during initial exposure to high altitude. Study 2 assessed regional CBF during ascent to 5050m and every 12 hours during the first 3 days of acclimatization. Although total CBF increased by ~50% and was modestly related to reductions in oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, no regional CBF differences were observed. To extend these findings, Study 3 aimed to determine if cerebrovascular responses to changes in PaO₂ and PaCO₂ differed at 5050m compared to sea level. Despite respiratory alkalosis and partial metabolic compensation at 5050m restoration of PaO₂ to sea level values decreased CBF, and CBF sensitivity to acutely altered PaCO₂ remained similar to sea level. To elucidate the interactive effect on CBF of profound hypoxemia and hypercapnia, study 4 examined the temporal changes in elite breath-hold divers during maximum apneas. Despite 40-50% reductions in arterial oxygen content, CBF elevations were regionally similar (up to +100%) thereby facilitating maintenance of brain oxygen delivery throughout apnea. Although the regulation of CBF is multifaceted, the cerebrovasculature prioritizes oxygen delivery and adjusts to chronic changes in arterial blood gases.
2
Briers, Michael Geoffrey. "Electrochemical transducers for the continuous measurement of blood gases". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314888.
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Achike, Francis Ifejika. "The cardiovascular responses to calcium channel blockers in rats subjected to blood gas/pH changes". Thesis, [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12937095.
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Ferreira, Margarida Lourenço. "New Artificial Blood Substitutes using Fluorinated Ionic Liquids". Master's thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/69823.
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"In the past decades, safe and effective artificial oxygen carriers (AOC), also named as “blood
substitutes”, have been proposed and extensively studied in chemistry and medical science. The constant
necessity of donor blood is crucial for diverse medical situations, such as accidents and casualties which
result in acute blood loss and the need to restore oxygen transport to the tissues. The inherent
complications associated to the traditional blood transfusion make urgent the formulation of new
suitable alternatives.(1–4)(...)"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
5
Zarkadis, George. "An intelligent decision support system for acid-base diagnosis". Thesis, City University London, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235504.
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6
Beckley, Philip D. "Gas exchange during apneic oxygenation with extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal /". The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265555440255.
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7
Kinker, James Robert. "The effects of pursed-lip breathing and added expiratory resistances on arterialized-venous blood gases and lactic acid /". The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266011223814.
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Silveira, Júlia Elvira Maciel. "Usefulness of certain clinical observations and blood chemistry values (BHBA, glucose, ions and blood gases) for predicting clinical outcomes when treating dairy goats with pregnancy toxemia". Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10485.
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Silveira, J.E.M. (2015). Usefulness of certain clinical observations and blood chemistry values (BHBA, glucose, ions and blood gases) for predicting clinical outcomes when treating dairy goats with pregnancy toxemia. Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária. 2015Pregnancy toxemia (PT) is a disease characterized by a high case fatality rate (75% in this study). Clinical signs and blood chemistry values from 32 cases of PT in goats are described and summarized. Polypnea, swollen limbs, anorexia and absence of ruminal motility, sternal recumbency but ability to rise upon stimulation, neurological signs and drooped ears were the most consistently observed clinical manifestations. A decision concerning whether or not to and/or how to attempt to treat a PT goat should be based on clinical signs and blood parameters. The clinical signs most indicative of a poor prognosis are anorexia and recumbency; among the blood parameters it is potassium (K+) and those indicative of a metabolic acidosis, namely pH, pCO2, bicarbonate (HCO3-), base excess (BE), as there was a statistically significant difference between the goats that died and the goats that survived. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) values were not significantly different between the goats that died and the goats that survived. In conclusion, the clinical observations and the blood parameters described are likely to be used as prognostic indexes for dairy goats with PT. It should also be remembered that the prevention is of crucial importance in large flocks.
RESUMO - Utilização de sinais clínicos e de certos parâmetros sanguíneos (BHBA, glucose, iões e gases sanguíneos) como prognóstico de cabras com toxémia de gestação - A toxémia de gestação (TG) é uma doença caracterizada por taxas de mortalidade elevadas (75% neste estudo). Os sinais clínicos e os valores sanguíneos dos 32 casos de TG em cabras são descritos. Polipneia, membros inchados, anorexia e ausência de motilidade ruminal, decúbito esternal mas com capacidade de levantar após estimulação, sinais neurológicos e orelhas caídas foram os sinais clínicos mais frequentemente observados. Uma decisão sobre quando ou não e/ou como tentar tratar uma cabra com TG deve ser baseada nos sinais clínicos e nos valores sanguíneos. Os sinais clínicos indicativos de mau prognóstico são anorexia e decúbito; em relação aos parâmetros sanguíneos, o potássio (K+) e os indicativos de acidose metabólica, como o pH, a pCO2, o bicarbonato (HCO3-) e o Excesso de Base (EB), dada a existência de uma diferença significativa nestes parâmetros entre o grupo de animais que morreu e o grupo que sobreviveu. Não foi observada uma diferença estatisticamente significativa nos valores do BHBA entre os dois grupos. Em conclusão, os sinais clínicos e os parâmetros sanguíneos descritos anteriormente podem ser usados como indicadores de prognóstico para cabras de leite com TG. Deve ainda ser relembrado o papel crucial da prevenção em grandes rebanhos.
9
Zaldivar-Lopez, Sara. "Blood Gases and Cooximetry in Retired Racing Greyhounds: Unique Hemoglobin Physiology and Oxygen Carrying Properties". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275409771.
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Schoevers, Jacobus Engelbertus. "Low blood oxygen saturation quantification in human arterial and venous circulation". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21460.
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Thesis (MScIng)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Conventional pulse oximetry has limited accuracy in measuring blood oxygen saturation in low saturation and perfusion scenarios. This limits the application of pulse oximetry in patients su ering from peripheral vascular a ictions. A novel pulse oximetry system is presented in this study which proposes solutions to these low saturation and perfusion issues. The presented system was designed to overcome the low perfusion issues by inducing an arti cial pulse in the detected photoplethysmograph. A novel arterio-venous hypothesis was formulated to extract arterial and venous saturation data from this arti cial photoplethysmograph using arterial-to-venous compliance ratios. Sensor wavelengths were selected to provide high and low saturation accuracy, followed by an in vitro sensor calibration procedure. System performance was validated by means of in vivo human studies. In vivo results indicate good accuracy for high saturation, with limited accuracy in low saturation scenarios. The arterio-venous hypothesis was validated, indicating that venous saturation information can be extracted from the arti cial PPG. Although inconclusive, results indicate that the proposed system might be able to accurately monitor arterial and venous saturation in severe hypoperfusion scenarios with recommended hardware and calibration modi cations. It is recommended that further studies into the presented system's performance are conducted.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Konvensionele 'pulse oximetry' sisteme het beperkte akkuraatheid tydens die meting van bloed suurstof saturasie in lae saturasie en perfusie gevalle. Dit beperk die bruikbaarheid van 'pulse oximetry' in pasiënte wat ly aan perifere vaskulêre siektes. 'n Nuwe 'pulse oximetry' sisteem, wat oplossings vir hierdie lae saturasie en perfusie beperkings voorstel, word in hierdie studie aangebied. Die voorgestelde sisteem is ontwerp om die lae perfusie beperkings te oorkom deur 'n kunsmatige polsslag in die 'photoplethysmograph' te induseer. 'n Nuwe arterio-veneuse hipotese is geformuleer om arteriële en veneuse saturasie inligting uit hierdie kunsmatige polsslag te onttrek deur middel van 'n arteriële-teenoor-veneuse styfheids verhouding. Die gol engtes wat gebruik is in die sensors, is spesi ek gekies om hoë en lae saturasie akkuraatheid te verskaf. 'n In vitro kalibrasie prosedure is gevolg om die sensors vir hoë en lae saturasie te kalibreer, waarna die werkverrigting van die sisteem getoets is deur middel van 'n in vivo validasie prosedure. Die in vivo resultate toon goeie akkuraatheid vir hoë saturasie, met beperkte akkuraatheid vir lae saturasie. Die arterio-veneuse hipotese is gevalideer, wat aandui dat veneuse saturasie wel uit die kunsmatige 'photoplethysmograph' onttrek kan word. Alhoewel die resultate wat in hierdie studie aangebied word nie omvattend of beslissend is nie, dui dit egter aan dat die voorgestelde sisteem dalk in staat kan wees om arteriële en veneuse saturasie in uiters lae perfusie gevalle te meet. Verbeteringe sal egter aan die sisteem aangebring moet word in terme van hardeware en kalibrasie, om 'n meer gestandardiseerde metings metode te verseker. Verdere navorsing oor die werkverrigting van die voorgestelde sisteem word ook voorgestel.
11
Taylor, Lynn Elizabeth. "Acid-base regulation during sprint exercise in horses fed lecithin". Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-163251/.
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Hopkins, Susan Roberta. "The relationship between the hypoxic ventilatory response and arterial desaturation during heavy work". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28535.
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Arterial desaturation in fit athletes, during exercise at an
intensity greater than or equal to 90% of VO₂ max has been
reported by a number of authors yet the etiology of these changes
remain obscure. Inadequate pulmonary ventilation due to a blunted
respiratory drive, or lung mechanics has been implicated as a
factor in the etiology of this phenomenon. It was the purpose of
this experiment to investigate the relationship between arterial
desaturation and ventilatory response to hypoxia (HVR). Twelve
healthy male subjects ( age = 23.8 ± 3.6 yrs., height = 181.6 ±₋₁
5.6 cms., Weight = 73.7 ± 6.2 kg., VO₂ max = 63.2 ± 2.2 ml .kg
. -1 2 .min⁻¹) performed a five minute exercise test on a treadmill at
100% of VO₂ max. Arterial samples for pH, PCO₂, PO₂, and SaO₂
were withdrawn via an indwelling arterial cannula at rest and
every 15s throughout the exercise test. The blood gas samples
were analyzed with an Instrument Laboratories 1306 blood gas
analyzer. Ventilation and VO₂ were measured by a Beckman
metabolic measurement cart. On a separate occasion the
ventilatory response to hypoxia (HVR) was determined by recording
VE as progressive hypoxia was induced by adding N₂ to a mixing
chamber. SaO₂ was measured using a Hewlett-Packard ear oximeter; to maintain isocapnia small ammounts of CO₂ were added to the
open circuit system. ANOVA for repeated measured was used to
evaluate changes in blood gases, ventilation, and VO₂. Simple
linear regression and multiple linear regression was used to
evaluate the relationship between the changes in SaO₂ and HVR and the descriptive variables. Subjects showed a significant
decline in arterial saturation and PO₂ over the course of the
test (p < 0.01,and p < 0.01). Four subjects (Mild) exhibited
modest decreases in SaO₂ to (94.6 ± 1.9%), three (Moderate)
showed an intermediate response (SaO₂ 91.6 ± 0.1%) and five
(Marked) demonstrated a marked decrease in arterial saturation
(SaO₂ = 90.0 + 1.2%). The differences in PO₂ and SaO₂ between
Mild and Marked groups were significant ( p < 0.05, and p <
0.01); there were no significant differences between groups in
VE, VO₂, pH or PCO . There was no significant correlation between the lowest SaO₂ reached and HVR, or any of the descriptive
variables. Nine subjects did not reach maximal VE (as determined
by the VO₂ max test) on the exercise test, two subjects 2
exhibited similar ventilation, and the remaining subject exceeded maximal VE, but fell into the Mild group with respect to desaturation. Oxygen uptake exceeded that recorded for the VO₂ max determination for four of the five subjects in the Marked group; the remaining subjects demonstrated lower or similar values. It was concluded that arterial desaturation was not related to blunted hypoxic drive.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
13
Matheson, Gordon Omar. "The effect of breath-holding during intense intermittent exercise on arterial blood gases, acid-base balance, and lactate". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26354.
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Eight healthy female volunteers (mean age 24.4 ± 3.4) served as subjects in an experiment measuring acid-base and lactate changes while breath-holding during intense, intermittent exercise. The subjects were
endurance trained (VO₂[sub max] = 56.8 ± 3.9 ml'kg-min⁻¹) with normal resting
pulmonary function. Utilizing a counterbalance design, each subject repeated
5 intervals of a 15 second treadmill run at 125 % VO₂[sub max], once while
breath-holding (BH), and once while breathing freely (NBH). Blood samples at rest, at the end of each work and rest interval, and throughout recovery were taken from a teflon catheter inserted in the radial artery. Samples were
analyzed for pH, PaO₂, PaCO₂, SO₂, bicarbonate, and lactate. The results
were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA to compare BH with NBH. Significant (p≤.01), reductions were found in pH associated with significant
elevations in PaCO₂ and HCO₃- at the end of each 15 sec exercise interval in
the BH condition. These changes did not persist throughout the rest intervals
(p>.05). In addition, significant (p≤.01), drops in PaO₂ and SaO₂ were found at
the end of each exercise interval in the BH condition that were not found at the end of each rest interval. Significantly increased rates of lactate appearance in the arterial blood were found during recovery in the BH conditon. It was concluded that breath-holding during intense, intermittent exercise produced acid-base changes greater than those seen at similar exercise intensities while breathing. In addition, breath-holding during intense, intermittent exercise produces significant hypoxia. The significantly increased rates of lactate appearance during recovery in the BH condition are most likely due to increased tissue anaerobiosis.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
14
Fahlman, Åsa. "Anaesthesia of wild carnivores and primates : physiological effects and reversibility of medetomidine and dissociative anaesthetics /". Uppsala : Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/9991326.pdf.
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Figueira, Danúbia Nogueira. "Estratégias de retirada da monensina na dieta de bovinos em terminação como modulador do consumo de matéria seca /". Jaboticabal, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181917.
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Orientador: Flávio Dutra de ResendeBanca: Danilo Domingues Millen
Banca: Laura Franco Prados
Banca: Ivanna Moraes de Oliveira
Banca: Ricardo Andrade Reis
Resumo: O objetivo no trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e as características de carcaça e carne de bovinos Nelore em confinamento, com utilização de monensina sódica como modulador de consumo de matéria seca. Foram utilizados 250 bovinos da raça Nelore, com peso médio de 363 kg. Os animais foram alojados em 35 baias coletivas equipadas com seis metros lineares de cocho de alimentação de concreto e bebedouros de 1500L de água. Os animais foram blocados através do peso, assim ficou disposto de forma que cada baia alojava 7 animais, sendo que o último bloco (5 baias finais) estava alojado 8 animais. De cada baia foi sorteado dois animais no início do experimento, afim de classificar os animais que seria feito coletas de sangue e coleta de dados no abate comercial, totalizando 70 animais para tais coletas. O experimentou foi de 148/156 dias no total, dividido em período de adaptação e terminação. Foram utilizadas três dietas, como os mesmos ingredientes, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, milho grão, polpa cítrica, farelo de algodão e núcleo mineral, mas com relação a proporção de volumoso:concentrado diferente, sendo que a adaptação era 22:78; transição 17:83 e terminação 12:88 O fornecimento era feito pela manhã e durante a tarde, sendo dois fornecimentos de 50% cada um. Em todas as dietas era acrescido no núcleo mineral 25 mg/kg MS de virginiamicina e de acordo com os tratamentos era adicionado monensina sódica na dose de 20 mg/kg MS. Foram avaliados cinco tratamentos: VM - Uso de virginiamici... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim was evaluation the performance and the characteristics of the carcass of Nelore beef in feedlot, with the use of sodium monensin as a modulator of dry matter intake. A total of 250 Nellore cattle were used, with a mean weight of 363 kg. The animals were housed in 35 collective pens equipped with six linear meters of concrete feeding trough and water troughs of 1500L. The animals were blocked by weight, so they were arranged so that each pen 7 animals, and the last block (5 final pens) housed 8 animals. From each pen, 2 animals were randomly selected at the beginning of the experiment, in order to separate the animals that carried out blood collection and data collection in slaughterhouse, totaling 70 animals for such collections. The experiment was 148/156 days in total, in the period of adaptation and termination. The types of diet, such as the ingredients themselves, sugar cane bagasse, corn grain, citrus pulp, cottonseed meal and mineral, but with regard to a proportion of bulky: a different, being a 22:78 adaptation; transition 17:83 and termination 12:88 The supply was made in the morning and during the afternoon, two supplies of 50% each. In all diets, 25 mg/kg MS of virginiamycin was added to the mineral core and according to treatments sodium monensin was added at a dose of 20 mg/kg DM. Five treatments were applied: VM - Use of virginiamycin throughout the experimental period, without addition of sodium monesin in the diet (Control); 34d - Use sodium monesin f... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
16
Pollock, Neal William. "The contribution of elevated peripheral tissue temperature to venous gas emboli (VGE) formation". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28538.
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This purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of post-dive peripheral tissue warming to the production of venous gas emboli (VGE) in divers.
Inert gas elimination from the tissues is limited by both perfusion and diffusion. If changes in diffusion are matched by corresponding perfusion (vasoactive) changes, decompression should be asymptomatic (within allowable exposure limits). Under conditions when the diffusion of inert gas from the tissues is not matched by blood perfusion, VGE will ensue. Increasing tissue temperature will decrease inert gas solubility and thus diffusion into the blood. It has been demonstrated that problems may arise during rapid changes in peripheral temperature, as often occurs post-dive, when divers previously exposed to cold water actively rewarm themselves in showers or baths. The effect of moderate rewarming, however, may be to increase the rate of inert gas elimination without the formation of VGE since increased perfusion is encouraged. The effect of mild post-dive warming was investigated.
Ten male subjects, between the ages of 21 and 29 years completed two dry chamber dives to 70 feet for 35 minutes (no decompression limit of the Canadian Forces Air Diving tables). Each dive was followed by a 30 minute head-out immersion in either a thermoneutral (28°C) or warm (38°C) bath. Non-invasive Doppler ultrasonic monitoring was then carried out at 30 minute intervals for the next 150 minutes to assess measurable VGE. Subjects did not display VGE formation in either the control or experimental conditions.
Our findings suggest that: 1) the Canadian Forces table limits (for the profile employed) provide safe no-decompression limits not compromised by mild post-dive warming, and 2) mild peripheral warming, since not bubble generating, may be a useful adjunctive therapy in the management of decompression sickness by increasing the rate of inert gas elimination.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
17
Graham, Cathy D. "Chemosensitive Neurons of the Locus Coeruleus and the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius: Three Dimensional Morphology and Association with the Vasculature". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1409665728.
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Barbosa, João Pedro Borges. "Avaliação endoscópica das vias aéreas, perfil de gases sanguíneos, eletrólitos e do equilíbrio ácido-base em equinos submetidos ao treinamento de três tambores /". Araçatuba, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138433.
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Resumo:A competição de três tambores exige dos cavalos alto desempenho atlético. A raça mais utilizada nessa modalidade é o Quarto de Milha. Para ter sucesso, o animal deve ter agilidade e alta aceleração. Avaliações endoscópicas revelam uma elevada prevalência de doenças do sistema respiratório em cavalos atletas como a Hemorragia pulmonar induzida por exercício. Por permitir a avaliação das vias áreas posteriores dos equinos, a endoscopia propicia avaliar a quantidade de sangue depositado nas vias aéreas após exercícios. Associado ao exame endoscópico a hemogasometria arterial tem sido utilizada visando identificar o comportamento das trocas gasosas, além da compreensão do estado de equilíbrio hidroeletrolítico e ácido-base em que o animal se encontra, possuindo grande valor para o entendimento de distúrbios metabólicos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as vias aéreas, o perfil de gases sanguíneos, eletrólitos e o equilíbrio ácido-base de equinos submetidos ao treinamento de três tambores. Dezesseis cavalos divididos em 2 grupos de 8 animais, Treino regular (TR - 5 vezes) e Treino esporádico (TE - 2 vezes por semana) foram utilizados no experimento. A endoscopia foi realizada antes e 90 min após o exercício. Foram realizadas 2 coletas de sangue por punção da Artéria facial transversa antes do aquecimento (M0) e imediatamente após o exercício (M1), e as leituras foram realizadas com o I-Stat®. Foram determinadas a PCO2, PO2, SO2, pH, BE, HCO3 e TCO2, Na+, K+, iCa, Glicose, Hg e Ht. Foi utilizado ANOVA com medidas repetidas no tempo para comparações dos grupos e momentos (p<0,05). A HFL acometeu em grau leve (1-2) os animais de ambos os grupos com 8/8 (100%) no TR e 5/8 (62,5%) para o TE. Presença de secreção serosa na traqueia em 4/8 (50%) para ambos os grupos. A HPIE acometeu em grau leve (1-2) os animais de ambos os grupos com 4/8 (50%)...(resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract:The Three barrel competition requires of high performance athletic horses. The race more used in this modality and the Quarter Horse usually begins training very young. To have success, the animals must have high speed and acceleration, requiring high performance athletic horses. Reviews endoscopic reveal a high prevalence of diseases of the System Respiratory as Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage in Athletes horses. For allow evaluation of post airways of horses, an endoscopy provides evaluate a blood amount deposited in the airways after exercises. Associated with endoscopic examination a blood gas analysis has been widely used in order to identify the behavior of gas exchange in high-performance horses, beyond for understanding of the balance electrolyte and acid-base in the animals find, possessing great value for understanding metabolic disorders. The present study goal was to assess how Airway, the profile of blood gases, electrolytes, acid-base balance of horses submitted the Three barrel training. Sixteen horses divided into two groups of 8 animals, regular training (RT - 5 times) and sporadic training (ET - 2 times a week) were used in the experiment. Endoscopy was performed before and 90 min after training. They were held two blood samples by puncturing the transverse facial artery before heating (M0) and immediately after training (M1), and the readings were performed with the I-Stat®. They were determined PCO2, PO2, SO2, pH, BE, HCO3 and TCO2, Na +, K +, iCa, Glucose, Hg e Ht. It was used ANOVA with repeated measures over time for comparisons of groups and time (p <0.05). The HFL befell was mild (1-2) the animals from both groups with 8/8 (100%) in the TR and 5/8 (62.5%) for the TE. Presence of serous trachea 4/8 (50%) for both groups. The EIPH befell was mild (1-2) the animals from both groups with 4/8 (50%) in the RT group and 3/8 (37.5%) for the TE group. Animals with grade 2 EIPH had mild hypoxemia and hypercapnia after exercise
Orientador:Luiz Cláudio Nogueira Mendes
Banca:Pedro Vicente Michelotto Júnior
Banca:Rafael Resende Faleiros
Mestre
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Barbosa, João Pedro Borges [UNESP]. "Avaliação endoscópica das vias aéreas, perfil de gases sanguíneos, eletrólitos e do equilíbrio ácido-base em equinos submetidos ao treinamento de três tambores: João Pedro Borges Barbosa. -". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138433.
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000863870.pdf: 1531300 bytes, checksum: a86cccb40bec9374840bbe5fa8ddde18 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The Three barrel competition requires of high performance athletic horses. The race more used in this modality and the Quarter Horse usually begins training very young. To have success, the animals must have high speed and acceleration, requiring high performance athletic horses. Reviews endoscopic reveal a high prevalence of diseases of the System Respiratory as Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage in Athletes horses. For allow evaluation of post airways of horses, an endoscopy provides evaluate a blood amount deposited in the airways after exercises. Associated with endoscopic examination a blood gas analysis has been widely used in order to identify the behavior of gas exchange in high-performance horses, beyond for understanding of the balance electrolyte and acid-base in the animals find, possessing great value for understanding metabolic disorders. The present study goal was to assess how Airway, the profile of blood gases, electrolytes, acid-base balance of horses submitted the Three barrel training. Sixteen horses divided into two groups of 8 animals, regular training (RT - 5 times) and sporadic training (ET - 2 times a week) were used in the experiment. Endoscopy was performed before and 90 min after training. They were held two blood samples by puncturing the transverse facial artery before heating (M0) and immediately after training (M1), and the readings were performed with the I-Stat®. They were determined PCO2, PO2, SO2, pH, BE, HCO3 and TCO2, Na +, K +, iCa, Glucose, Hg e Ht. It was used ANOVA with repeated measures over time for comparisons of groups and time (p <0.05). The HFL befell was mild (1-2) the animals from both groups with 8/8 (100%) in the TR and 5/8 (62.5%) for the TE. Presence of serous trachea 4/8 (50%) for both groups. The EIPH befell was mild (1-2) the animals from both groups with 4/8 (50%) in the RT group and 3/8 (37.5%) for the TE group. Animals with grade 2 EIPH had mild hypoxemia and hypercapnia after exercise
FAPESP: 2014/23012-7
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Gomes, Diego Prestes. "EUGENOL COMO ANESTÉSICO PARA JUNDIÁS (Rhamdia quelen) ADAPTADOS A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE pH, TEMPERATURA E DUREZA DA ÁGUA". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8979.
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The effects of water pH, hardness and temperature on anesthesia induction and
recovery in silver catfish exposed to different concentrations of eugenol (20, 30 and 40 mg/L)
were investigated. Moreover, the effects of anesthesia and temperature on blood gases
tensions (PvO2 and PvCO2) and pH were also analyzed in juveniles I (3.5 ± 0.7 g; 7.7 ± 0.8
cm) and juveniles II (152.2 ± 3.4 g; 26.6 ± 3.3 cm) of silver catfish. Water quality and fish
size affect efficacy of eugenol in silver catfish, mainly in the lower concentrations tested.
Sedation of this species can be induced even with 20 mg/L, but for anesthesia a concentration
of at least 40 mg/L eugenol must be used to reduce the influence of the studied fish size and
water quality. Blood gases tensions and pH were affected by eugenol anesthesia only in fish
acclimated to 30 oC.Investigou-se os efeitos do pH, dureza e temperatura da água sobre a indução à anestesia e recuperação em jundiás expostos a diferentes concentrações de eugenol (20, 30 e 40 mg/L). Além disso, os efeitos da anestesia e temperatura sobre as pressões parciais dos gases sanguíneos (PvO2 e PvCO2) e pH foram também analisados em juvenis I (3,5 ± 0,7 g; 7,7 ± 0,8 cm) e juvenis II (152,2 ± 3,4 g; 26,6 ± 3,3 cm) de jundiá. A qualidade da água e o tamanho do peixe afetam a eficácia do eugenol em jundiá, principalmente nas menores concentrações testadas. A sedação desta espécie pode ser induzida com 20 mg/L, mas para a anestesia uma concentração de cerca de 40 mg/L de eugenol deve ser utilizada para reduzir a influência do tamanho do peixe e da qualidade da água. As pressões parciais dos gases sanguíneos e o pH foram afetados pelo eugenol durante a anestesia em peixes aclimatados a 30oC.
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Fahlman, Åsa. "Advances in wildlife immobilisation and anaesthesia : clinical and physiological evaluation in selected species /". Uppsala : Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200884.pdf.
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Brandão, Alexandre Fonseca. "Exercício físico progressivo e equilíbrio ácido-base em sangue capilar". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7014.
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Previous issue date: 2010-12-17The analysis of gases and metabolites in arterial and venous blood reflects the condition of homeostasis of the organism and which instantaneous energy demand required, indicating how biological systems behave in front of some physical stress, including the variation of intensity and volume of physical activity performed. Reactions of these compounds maintenance of constant blood pH by neutralization and / or elimination of organic acids derived from the metabolism momentary. It was an objective method, minimally invasive, to evaluate the acid-base resulting from the progressive increase of physical exercise from 100μL of blood capillary. The methodology used was the Balke protocol for cycle ergometer adapted to the operational needs of the equipment Gas Analyzer Radiometer ABL 800. The progressive increase of the load was 50 by 50 Watts until voluntary exhaustion with collecting and analyzing samples of capillary blood. Volunteers are 13 active students (5 women and 8 men) and three amateur athletes UFSCar aged between 20 and 30 years 25 ± 2, and body mass index 24 ± 4. The results are presented in the acid base nomogram Siggaard-Andersen, developed by the pH values between 7.43 ± 0.02 and 7.35 ± 0.04, ABE (Excess Base Real) between 4.16 ± 1 44 and -7.75 ± 3.17 mmol / L, pCO2 between 35.48 ± 2.61 and 37.20 ± 4.67 mmHg and [HCO3-] between 24 and 17 ± 0.6 ± 2.2 mmol / L with analysis of statistical tools ANOVA and Student's t test. The concentration of gases and metabolites present in blood capillary, presents the characteristic behavior expected during graded exercise as the exponential increase of lactate concentration and pH of the linear decay.
A análise de gases e metabólitos, de sangue arterial e venoso, reflete a condição de homeostase instantânea do organismo e qual a demanda energética exigida, indicando como os sistemas biológicos se comportam frente a algum stress físico, entre eles a variação da intensidade e volume da atividade física executada. Reações destes analitos garantem a manutenção do pH sanguíneo através da constante neutralização e/ou eliminação dos ácidos orgânicos derivados do metabolismo momentâneo. Foi objetivo um método, minimamente invasivo, para avaliar o equilíbrio ácido base conseqüente do aumento progressivo do exercício físico a partir de 100μL de sangue capilar. A metodologia utilizada contempla o protocolo de Balke para ciclo ergômetro adaptado as necessidades operacionais do equipamento Analisador de Gases ABL 800 Radiometer. O incremento progressivo da carga foi de 50 em 50 Watts até a exaustão voluntária com coleta e análise das amostras de sangue capilar. Os voluntários são 13 universitários ativos (5 mulheres e 8 homens) e 3 atletas amadores da UFSCar com idade entre 20 e 30 anos 25±2, e índice de massa corporal 24±4. Os resultados são apresentados no nomograma ácido base de Siggaard- Andersen, desenvolvidos através dos valores de pH entre 7,43±0,02 e 7,35±0,04, ABE (Excesso de Base Real) entre 4,16±1,44 e -7,75±3,17 mmol/L, pCO2 entre 35,48±2,61 e 37,20±4,67 mmHg e [HCO3 -] entre 24±0,6 e 17±2,2 mmol/L com análise das ferramentas estatísticas ANOVA e Teste T de Student. A concentração dos gases e metabólitos, presentes no sangue capilar, apresenta comportamento característico ao esperado durante o exercício físico progressivo como o crescimento exponencial da concentração de lactato e o decaimento linear do pH.
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Matos, Carlos José Oliveira de. "A influência da frequência respiratória sobre os gases sanguíneos arteriais no pós-operatório imediato de laparotomia exploradora por trauma abdominal". Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2006. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3841.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe incidence of post-operative pulmonary complications is large, in consequence of the manipulation of abdominal cavity with changes on pulmonary volumes and capacities, resulting in atelectasis and hypoxemy. Alteration of breath pattern in association with postoperative pain can interfere in gaseous exchanges with larger repercussions in the presence of risk factors. Respiratory rate and arterial blood gases have an important role on the assessment of lung function, specifically on pulmonary ventilation and gaseous exchanges, monitoring carbonic gas arterial pressure and oxygen arterial pressure. The objectives of this research were: analyze the influence of respiratory rate on arterial blood gases at immediate postoperative of exploratory laparotomy for trauma, observe arterial gases concentrations, respiratory rate and oxygenation index in the first three post-operative days. Moreover, analyze if there is a correlation between respiratory rate on arterial gases, and carbonic gas arterial pressure on oxygen arterial pressure in the first three post-operative days. It was a non-experimental cohort study of analytic and descriptive character from April to September 2005 at Governador João Alves Filho Hospital, in Aracaju, during the first three postoperative days. 55 patients of both gender with ages between 18 to 62 were assessed, submitted to exploratory laparotomy for trauma in urgent character. As criteria for inclusion, there were urgency surgical procedures, with xipho-pubic incision, general anesthesia with time larger or equal to 120 minutes, where the respiratory rate and arterial blood collected were measured according to American Association for Respiratory Care guidelines to assess arterial blood gases partial pressures. After collecting the blood the PaCO2 and PaO2 values were achieved and calculated the oxygenation index through PaO2/FiO2 formula. The data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 software through median, and standard deviation, ANOVA test to analyze the variation between the average median, Tukey test to analyze the difference between significant median and simple linear correlation to observe the behavior of tendencies among the variables, all in significance level of 95% or p<0,05. the study was approved by Ethics Committees of Human Search of Federal University of Sergipe. The outcomes showed median for respiratory rate from 27,49 ±5,31 bpm (24 h), 25,35 ± 5,32 bpm (48 h), 24,15 ± 3,94 bpm (72 h). For PaCO2 median of 32,84 ± 4,49 mmHg (24 h), 33,65 ± 3,36 mmHg (48 h), 34,04 ± 3,73 mmHg (72 h). For PaO2 median of 85,29 ± 18,30 mmHg (24 h), 87,53 ± 17,56 mmHg (48 h), 89,31 ± 16,57 mmHg (72 h). The analysis of median in the first three post-operative days by ANOVA presented statistic significance only for respiratory rate (p<0,05), while for PaCO2 and PaO2 presented p>0,05. Comparing the variables, it was observed correlation between RR x PaCO2 regular in 24 h (r= - 0,42604), weak in 48 and 72 h (r= - 0,23857 and -0,02807), between RR x PaO2 weak correlations at 24, 48 and 72 h (r= 0,02339, 0,02305 and -0,0505). This was, our survey concludes that RR presented a significant variance at the three post-operative days and a significant correlation of RR and PaCO2
A incidência de complicação pulmonar pós-operatória é grande, decorrente da manipulação da cavidade abdominal com modificação dos volumes e capacidades pulmonares e resultando em hipoxemia e atelectasia. Alteração do padrão respiratório juntamente com a dor no pósoperatório podem interferir nas trocas gasosas com maiores repercussões na presença de fatores de risco. A freqüência respiratória e a gasometria arterial têm papel importante na avaliação da função pulmonar, especificamente na ventilação pulmonar e nas trocas gasosas, monitorando a pressão arterial de gás carbônico e a pressão arterial de oxigênio. Foram objetivos da pesquisa: analisar a influência da freqüência respiratória sobre os gases sanguíneos arteriais no pós-operatório imediato de laparotomia exploradora por trauma, observar as concentrações dos gases arteriais, a freqüência respiratória e o índice de oxigenação nos três primeiros dias de pós-operatório, avaliar se existe correlação da freqüência respiratória sobe os gases arteriais e da pressão arterial de gás carbônico sobre a pressão arterial de oxigênio nos três primeiros dias de pós-operatório. Esta foi uma pesquisa de campo com delineamento não-experimental do tipo coorte transversal e de caráter analítico e descritivo realizada no período de abril a setembro de 2005 no Hospital Governador João Alves Filho, na cidade de Aracaju, durante os três primeiros dias de pós-operatório. Foram avaliados 55 pacientes com idade de 18 a 62 anos de ambos os sexos, submetidos a laparotomia exploradora por trauma abdominal em caráter de urgência. Foram utilizados critérios para inclusão o procedimento cirúrgico de urgência, com incisão xifo-púbica, anestesia geral com tempo maior ou igual a 120 minutos, onde foi mensurado a freqüência respiratória e coletado sangue arterial segundo protocolo da American Association for Respiratory Care para análise das pressões parciais dos gases sanguíneos arteriais. Após a coleta de sangue foram obtidos os valores de PaCO2 e PaO2 e calculado o índice de oxigenação através da fórmula PaO2/FiO2. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo software SPSS 10.0 através de média e desvio-padrão, teste ANOVA para análise de variância entre as médias, teste Tukey para análise da diferença entre as médias significantes e a Correlação Linear Simples para observar os comportamentos de tendências entre as variáveis, todos utilizados para nível de significância de 95% ou p<0,05. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa em seres humanos da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Os resultados apresentaram média para a frequência respiratória de 27,49 ± 5,31 irpm (24hs), 25,35 ± 5,32 irpm (48hs), 24,15 ± 3,94 irpm (72hs), para a PaCO2 médias de 32,84 ± 4,49 mmHg (24hs), 33,65 ± 3,36 mmHg (48hs), 34,04 ± 3,73 mmHg (72hs), para a PaO2 médias de 85,29 ± 18,30 mmHg (24hs), 87,53 ± 17,56 mmHg (48hs), 89,31 ± 16,57 (72hs). A análise das médias nos três primeiros dias pelo ANOVA apresentou significância estatística apenas para a frequência respiratória (p<0,05), enquanto para a PaCO2 e PaO2 apresentaram p>0,05. Comparando-se as variáveis observamos correlação entre a FR x PaCO2 regular nas 24hs (r = -0,42604), fraca nas 48 e 72 hs (r = -0,23857 e 0,02807), entre a FR x PaO2 fraca nas 24 hs (r = -0,28128) e regular nas 48 (r= -0,32166) e fraco nas 72 hs (r= 0,28597), entre PaCO2 x PaO2 correlações fracas nas 24,48 e 72hs (r = 0, 023339, 0,2305 e 0,0505). Concluímos em nossa pesquisa que a FR apresentou variação significativa nos três dias de pós-operatório e uma correlação significativa da FR e PaCO2 no 1º dia de pós-operatório e da FR e PaO2 nos três primeiros dias de pós-operatório.
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Ferreira, Daniela Lina Alves. "Abordagem clínica de intoxicações em canídeos por inseticidas anticolinesterásicos e utilização de testes imediatos (point of care)". Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10489.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaPerante a suspeita de intoxicação aguda, a abordagem célere e sistemática ao doente, permite uma rápida prestação de cuidados específicos. A triagem, recolha da história clínica, avaliação e intervenção médica de urgência, o diagnóstico e a terapêutica são processos chave nessa abordagem. O diagnóstico, por norma, é suportado por um painel analítico inicial. O recurso a testes imediatos (“point of care”), permite avaliar não só a condição geral dos doentes em tempo real, mas também os efeitos que os xenobióticos possam ter a nível orgânico e que se traduzam, nomeadamente, em alterações do equilíbrio hidroeletrólitico e estado ácido base. O presente estudo pretendeu avaliar as alterações analíticas, detetadas através da ferramenta ePOC (“Enterprise Point of Care”), em animais suspeitos de intoxicação por inseticidas anticolinesterásicos e a sua eventual influência no diagnóstico e implementação da terapêutica. A amostra estudada consistiu em 14 canídeos, que na triagem médica apresentavam sintomas inespecíficos e outros compatíveis com intoxicação aguda por insecticidas anticolinesterásicos: tremores musculares (93%), hipersiália (64%), hipertermia (57%), cianose (50%), diarreia (57%) e vómito (36%). Foram colhidas amostras de sangue para a realização do teste ePOC e para ulterior análise toxicológica.Os resultados obtidos através do ePOC mostraram diminuição da pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (pCO2) (64%), aumento da concentração de lactato (36%), aumento dos valores de hemoglobina e hematócrito (50%), hiperglicémia (36%) e aumento dos valores de creatinina (50%), não havendo, contudo, relação estatisticamente significativa entre as variáveis testadas e o diagnóstico toxicológico (p>0.05). Porém, em todos os animais considerados acidémicos houve detecção de compostos do grupo dos inseticidas anticolinesterásicos na análise toxicológica. O estudo clínico individualizado de cada caso permitiu verificar que, apesar da sintomatologia similar, os animais apresentavam distúrbios ácido-base diferentes, sendo por isso também necessária uma abordagem terapêutica diferenciada, fulcral especialmente em condições críticas. Estudos futuros, com uma amostra de maior dimensão e preferencialmente com exposição a diferentes xenobióticos, poderão permitir uma avaliação mais exata e abrangente da relação entre a etiologia das intoxicações e as alterações hidroeletrolíticas e de gases sanguíneas verificadas.
ABSTRACT - Clinical Approach to Poisoning in Canidae by Anticholinesterase Insecticides and use of immediate tests (Point of Care) - Faced with a suspected acute intoxication, a prompt and systematic approach to the patient, allows a fast provision of specific care. The triage, history taking, assessment and emergency medical intervention, diagnosis and treatment are key processes in this approach. The diagnosis is usually supported by an initial analytic panel. The use of immediate testing ("point of care"), allows the evaluation, not only of the patient’s general condition in real time, but also the effects that xenobiotics may have at an organic level, which may result in electrolyte and acid base disorders. The presente study intended to evaluate the analytical changes detected by ePOC ("Enterprise Point of Care") in animals suspected of poisoning by anticholinesterase insecticides and their possible influence on the diagnostic and therapeutic implementation. The sample consisted of 14 canines, which had nonspecific symptoms and other compatible with acute poisoning by anticholinesterase insecticides: muscle tremors (93%), hypersialia (64%), fever (57%), cyanosis (50%), diarrhea (57%) and vomiting (36%). Blood samples were collect to perform ePOC testing and for further toxicological analysis. Analytical changes (ePOC) showed a decreased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) (64%), an increased lactate concentration (36%), na increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels (50%), hyperglycemia (36%) and an increased serum creatinine values (50%), without, however, statistically significant relationship between the variables tested and toxicological diagnosis (p> 0.05). Nevertheless, in all animals considered acidemic, toxicological analysis showed the detection of anticholinesterase insecticides. The individualized clinical study of each case has shown, that despite the similar symptoms, the animals had different acid-base disorders and is, therefore, also required a different therapeutic approach, especially in critical conditions. Further studies with a larger sample and preferably with exposure to different xenobiotics may allow a more accurate and comprehensive evaluation of the relationship between the etiology of poisoning and blood gas and electrolyte changes observed.
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Burns, Kellie Jean y n/a. "Blood, sweat and queers : (re)imagining global queer citizenship at the Sydney 2002 Gay Games". University of Otago. School of Physical Education, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080514.131842.
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This thesis takes the Sydney 2002 Gay Games: Under New Skies �02, as a case study into the production of global queer citizenship. In the existing body of work around the Gay Games they are analysed as an international gay and lesbian sporting event (Cramer, 1996; Krane et al., 2001; Pronger, 2000; Waitt, 2005), as a gay and lesbian community event (Krane & Waldron, 2000; Symons, 2002, 2004; Waitt, 2003, 2006), and as a cultural site where discourses of nationality, sport and sexuality converge (Miller, 2001; Probyn, 2000; Rowe et al., 2006; Stevenson et al., 2005; Waitt, 2005; Waitt & Markwell, 2006). This thesis builds on these investigations, asking specific questions about the ways in which discourses of sexuality and citizenship are produced and governed within and across the Sydney 2002 Gay Games promotional and media materials. The analysis is guided by Michel Foucault�s notion of governmentality (1991) and the works of related theorists who map the disparate array of neoliberal mechanisms of government that �conduct the conduct� and �act on the actions� of individuals and certain populations (Bratich et al., 2003; Gordon, 1991; Larner, 2000; Larner & Walters, 2002, 2004; Miller, 1993; Rabinow & Rose, 2003; Rose, 1996a, 1999). The analysis begins by asking how discourses of the autonomous, neo-liberal subject converge with discourses of �global living� such that individuals are invited to imagine themselves as increasingly flexible, freedom-loving (Rose, 1999), self-assured, cosmopolitan global citizens. The idea of the global imagination is then used to explore the ways in which the Gay Games commitment to �total inclusion� and its promise of personal and community transformation rely on similar neo-liberal renderings of tbe subject. It argues that the event�s �political� promises not only normalise certain forms of identity-based consumption (Chasin, 2000), they also (re)produce and normalise a very entrepreneurial, western-centric, cosmopolitan �brand� of global queer citizenship. The thesis also emphasises the important role that images and image-related technologies played in upholding normative meanings around queer sexuality and queer citizenship at the Games. In doing so, the thesis argues that images and technologies do more than simply represent individuals� lived experiences. Images, it argues, are (inter)active entities that produce and shape individuals� understanding of the �real� and how they come to know themselves as certain types of subjects. Where the Sydney 2002 Gay Games were concerned, images were integral in producing normative meanings around gender, sexuality and citizenship and in governing participants� experiences as �locals�, �global visitors�, �athletes�, �cultural participants� and consumers.
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Roussel, Olivier. "Contribution à l'étude de la morbi-mortalité lors de l'usage de drogues récréatives : GHB-THC, seuls ou associés à l'éthanol". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781683.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est de détailler les effets respiratoires induits par les associations de l'éthanol au THC et de l'éthanol au GHB. Les études ont été menées chez l'animal non anesthésié par pléthysmographie corps entier pendant les quatre heures suivant l'administration intrapéritonéale. Dans une première étape, les effets respiratoires de la prise isolée d'éthanol et de GHB ont été étudiés. Ces deux substances modifient le mode respiratoire : l'éthanol provoquant une tachypnée dès 3 g.kg-1, le GHB une respiration apneustique dès 600 mg.kg-1, sans insuffisance respiratoire (PaO2 normale). Les modifications des gaz du sang observées : acidémie pour l'éthanol et alcalose pour le GHB sont d'origine métabolique. A ces doses, ces deux substances perturbent aussi la conscience des animaux et la thermorégulation : l'éthanol induit une hypothermie et le GHB une évolution triphasique de la température : hypothermie/hyperthermie/ hypothermie. Les dosages sanguins et les études cinétiques menés lors de ces études confirment la vraisemblance de notre modèle et sa pertinence clinique et médicolégale. L'étude des associations à l'éthanol montre que les effets respiratoires du THC et du GHB sont conservés, seule leur association à la dose de 3 g.kg-1 d'éthanol a provoqué une baisse de la ventilation minute avec réduction du débit inspiratoire mais selon des mécanismes différents : baisse du volume courant pour l'association THC-éthanol et augmentation de la durée des apnées expiratoires pour celle du GHB à l'éthanol. Pour cette dernière, l'interaction cinétique observée après administration intrapéritonéale n'explique pas l'intensité du phénomène, une potentialisation est probable.
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Azar, Hannah Brooke. ""Defensive Flippancy": Play, Disorientation, and Moral Action in Brian Friel's The Freedom of the City". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8440.
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When Brian Friel’s play The Freedom of the City premiered in 1973, just a year after the events of Bloody Sunday, it was met with harsh criticism and called a work of propaganda. In the play, three peaceful protestors flee a civil rights demonstration turned violent and end up trapped inside the Guildhall in Derry, Northern Ireland. By the end of the play, they are shot dead. These three protestors, disoriented by violence as well as the aftereffects of life-long poverty, on the surface are not emblems of morality. However, this thesis employs Ami Harbin’s theorization of disorientation and moral action to challenge traditional virtue ethics and showcase that even in the midst of all-encompassing disorientation, moral action can easily emerge, even from the most unexpected person. Specifically, I look at the character Skinner, a flippant hooligan who leads the other trapped protestors through a series of games ultimately meant to encourage them to embrace their disorientation as he has. Within Friel’s drama, accepting and embracing disorientation as opposed to fighting it, I conclude, is what frees one from the bounds of disorientation, and in this case, allows a person to more fully perpetuate moral action.
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Baker, Lynette Margaret. "Arterial blood gas: an experiment to study the effects of temperature and time delays on the outcome of a blood gas result". Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2307.
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An arterialblood gas analysis which is conducted in critical care areas contributes to the assessment of a patient's ventilatory status and acid
-base balance.
The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship of time delays and temperature on the result of a blood gas analysis. The objective was to either accept or refute the null hypothesis, that there is no relationship between temperature and time delays and an arterial blood gas result
Fifteen subjects were randomly selected. The researcher drew three samples of arterial blood from each subject. Ethical principles were observed.
An inferential non-parametric statistic was used. The chi-squared test was used to test the hypothesis and the Friedman and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used to test the differences between the means.
The results revealed that there was a relationship between time delays, temperature and the arterial blood gas result. The null hypothesis was rejected.Health Stusies
M.A. (Health Studies)
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Kraus, Oren. "Development of a Microfluidic Platform to Investigate Effect of Dissolved Gases on Small Blood Vessel Function". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33262.
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In this thesis I present a microfluidic platform developed to control dissolved gases and monitor dissolved oxygen concentrations within the microenvironment of isolated small blood vessels. Dissolved gas concentrations are controlled via permeation through the device substrate material using a 3D network of gas and liquid channels. Dissolved oxygen concentrations are measured on-chip via fluorescence quenching of an oxygen sensitive probe embedded in the device. Dissolved oxygen control was validated using the on-chip sensors as well as a 3D computational model. The platform was used in a series of preliminary experiments using olfactory resistance arteries from the mouse cerebral vascular bed. The presented platform provides the unique opportunity to control dissolved oxygen concentrations at high temporal resolutions (<1 min) and monitor dissolved oxygen concentrations in the microenvironment surrounding isolated blood vessels.
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Kokinda, Nate. "Cycling cadence in a simulated hypoxic environment". 2004. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Hopkins, Susan R. "Pulmonary diffusion limitation, V̇ /Q̇ mismatch and pulmonary transit time in highly trained athletes during maximal exercise". Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2620.
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To investigate the relationship between pulmonary diffusion limitation, ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) mismatch, pulmonary transit times (PTT) and pulmonary gas exchange during exercise, 10 highly trained male athletes (age=26.4±4.4 years, Height=185.5±5.3cms, Weight=78.2±8.6 kg, V 02max=5.15±0.521-min-1) under went exercise testing at rest (R) and 150W, 300W and maximal exercise (372±22W), corresponding to an oxygen consumption (V0₂) of 0.41±0.09, 2.16±0.17, 4.32±0.35 and 5.13±0.50 1-min-1respectively, while trace amounts of six inert gases were infused via a peripheral vein. Arterial blood samples, mixed expired gas samples and metabolic data were obtained. Observed alveolar arterial difference ([A-a]D0₂(0)was calculated according to the alveolar gas equation. Indices of VA/Q mismatch: LogSDi and Log SDa and predicted [A-a]D0₂([A-a]DO₂(p)) were derived from 50 compartment model analysis of retentions and excretions of the inert gases. Additional indices of '/A/I,) mismatch: DISPR*, DISPE and DISPR*_E and inert gas alveolar difference ([A-a]D, R(A-a)D and E(A-a)D) were obtained directly from the inert gas data. One to two weeks later, the subjects underwent first pass radionuclide angiography using a Siemens ZLC wide field of view gamma camera. Following in vitro labeling with 99mTechnecium, 5-10 ml of the subject's blood, containing 10-20 mCi of activity, were injected at rest. First pass and post-static data were obtained on an ADAC 3003 computer and cardiac output was calculated using the Stewart Hamilton equation. PTT was determined using deconvolution and centroid methods. Gated radionuclide angiography was then performed at rest, 150, and 300W. On a separate occasion, first pass cardiac outputs and pulmonary transit times were obtained at maximal exercise. Mean arterial partial pressure of 0₂ (Pa0₂) decreased significantly from rest to 150W , and from 150 to 300W to a low value of 86±9 torn, before increasing to near resting values at maximal exercise. [A-a]D0₂(3) increased across each exercise levels however only the increase from 150 to 300 W was significant. The overall and perfusion-related indices of VA/Q mismatch showed a significant increase with exercise, mainly as a result of increasing perfusion of areas of high VA/Q [A-a]D0₂(0 was greater than predicted, becoming significant during heavy exercise, indicating diffusion limitation. Cardiac output increased from 6.9±0.9 1-min-1 (R) to 25.2±2.5 1-min-1 at 300W and 33.3±3.7 1-min-1 at maximal exercise. End diastolic volume increased from R to heavy exercise (p < 0.001), accompanied by a decrease in end systolic volume (p =0.05). Stroke volume and ejection fraction also increased significantly from R to 300W (p <0.001). Deconvolution PTT decreased from 9.32±1.41 s at rest to 2.91±0.30 s during max exercise and was highly correlated with centroid PTT both at rest (r=0.99, p<0.001) and during maximal exercise (r=0.96, p<0.001). PTT during maximal exercise was significantly correlated with Pa0₂ (1=0.65, p<0.05) and [A-a]D0₂(0)_[A-a]D0₂(p) (r=-0.60, p<0.05). Calculated pulmonary blood volume increased during maximal exercise by 57% over resting values to over 25% of total blood volume and when corrected for body surface area correlated significantly with Pa0₂ (r=0.69, p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between (A-a)D, PTT, the ventilatory equivalent for CO₂ and Pa0₂ during maximal exercise (r=0.94, p<0.01) allowing prediction of over 80% of the variance in Pa0₂ between subjects. These data indicate that highly trained athletes develop VA/Q mismatch accompanied by diffusion limitation during maximal exercise. Observed decrease in Pa0₂2 during high intensity exercise is the result of a complex interaction between VA/Q mismatch, hypoventilation and diffusion limitation secondary to shortened pulmonary transit.
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Caetano, Mariana Nogueira. "Aplicação de dried blood spots na deteção e quantificação de canabinóides por cromatografia de gases/espectrometria de massas em tandem". Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/6296.
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A canábis é a droga ilícita mais comum e mais consumida mundialmente, como tal, é importante contribuir para o desenvolvimento de metodologias que tornem os laboratórios mais eficazes na identificação e quantificação desta substância psicoativa. O objetivo deste trabalho de investigação foi o desenvolvimento e validação de um método analítico por cromatografia de gases associada à espectrometria de massas em tandem (GS/MS-MS) e Dried Blood Spots (BDS) para a determinação e quantificação de delta-9-tetrahidrocanabinol, 11-hidroxi-delta-9-tetrahidrocanabinol e 11-nor-9-carboxi-delta-9-tetrahidrocanabinol em amostras de sangue. É de salientar que é a primeira vez que estes compostos são determinados por DBS e GS/MS-MS.
Os fatores que podiam influenciar o processo de extração foram avaliados: tipo de solvente de extração (metanol, acetonitrilo, diclorometano, 2-propanol, hexano e acetato de etilo), volume de solvente de extração (2 a 5 mL), tempo de extração (10 a 60 min), tempo de centrifugação (10 a 30 min) e tempo de secagem da mancha de sangue (3h a overnight). As condições finais são as seguintes: aplicar 100 µL de sangue em cartões Whatman® Human ID Bloodstain Card e deixar secar durante 6h; após este tempo, a mancha que contém a amostra é retirada do cartão e são adicionados 4 mL de metanol. O processo de extração é efetuado sob agitação durante 40 min. Finalizado este tempo procede-se à remoção do cartão. A amostra é centrifugada durante 20 min a 3000 rpm, e o sobrenadante evaporado e derivatizado com MSTFA/TMCS num micro-ondas a 800W durante 2 min.
O método foi validado seguindo critérios internacionalmente aceites e os parâmetros estudados incluíram linearidade, seletividade, limites de deteção (LOD) e quantificação (LLOQ), precisão e exatidão. A seletividade foi avaliada e não foram observadas interferências procedentes de substâncias endógenas ou de outras drogas eventualmente presentes nos diferentes tempos de retenção e iões dos analitos em estudo. O procedimento foi linear para o intervalo de concentrações de 1 até 30 ng/mL, com coeficientes de determinação superiores a 0,99 para todos os analitos. As precisões intra- e inter-dia foram tipicamente inferiores a 15% para todos os analitos. Os LODs foram de 1 ng/mL para todos os compostos e as recuperações variaram entre 14% e 88%.
O método validado mostrou ser aplicável à análise de amostras reais, sendo então uma ferramenta vantajosa não só no âmbito de análises de toxicologia clínica e forense, mas também em análises de despistagem de consumo de canábis.Cannabis is the most common and consumed illegal drug worldwide, and therefore the development of methodologies capable of making laboratories more effective on the identification and quantification of these psychoactive substances is necessary. The goal of this research work was the development and validation of an analytic method using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GS/MS-MS), using Dried Blood Spots (DBS), for the determination and quantification of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-hydroxi-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-nor-9-carboxi-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in blood samples. It should be noted that this is the first time that these compounds are determined by means of DBS and GC/MS-MS. The factors which might influence the extraction were screened previously: type of solvent extraction (methanol, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, 2-propanol, hexane and ethyl acetate), volume of solvent of extraction (2 to 5 mL), time of extraction (10 to 60 min), centrifugation time (10 to 30 min) and time of dried sample spot (3 h to overnight). The final process was as follows: 100 µL of blood was applied to Whatman® Human ID Bloodstain Card and dried for 6h. After that, 4 mL of methanol was added and a slight agitation for 40 min has followed. The card was removed and the samples were centrifuged 20 min at 3000 rpm. The extract was evaporated to dryness and derivatized with MSTFA/TMCS in a microwave oven at 800 W for 2 min. The method was validated following internationally accepted criteria, including selectivity, linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LLOQ), precision and accuracy, stability and recovery. Selectivity was evaluated by analysis of blank samples, and no interferences from endogenous substances were observed, and other drugs eventually present had different retention times and/or could not be detected using our method’s conditions. The procedure was linear for concentrations ranging from 1 to 30 ng/mL with determination coefficients higher than 0.99 for all analytes. The LODs were 1 ng/mL for all compounds and the recoveries ranged between 14 and 88 %. The method was shown to be applicable to real samples, therefore being a powerful tool not only for clinical and forensic toxicology purposes, but also to assess the consumption of cannabis and derived products.
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Chen, Pin-Han y 陳品翰. "Effects of Special Interval Training on Blood Lactate Function with Attack and Defence Ability of Multi-Round Volleyball Games". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63247437480080378917.
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碩士中國文化大學
體育學系運動教練碩博士班
100
Purposes: To analyze blood lactate function with attack and defence ability of multi-round volleyball games. Skill, tactical and physical condition levels are three elements to constitute attack and defense of multi-round volleyball games. Among these three elements, whether physical condition had more effects on attack and defense, was the main purposes of this study. Therefore, this study focused on special interval training and blood lactate recovery ability. Method: We recruited 20 amateur volleyball athletes as subjects. After executed pre-test and homogeneity test, all subjects were divided into experimental group (n=10) and control group (n=10). Experimental group performed special interval training for six weeks, three days a week, three sessions a day, while control group didn’t receive any training. After six weeks, two groups performed an imitative volleyball competition, and analyze the attack and defense ability and blood lactate recovery immediate after competition. The differences of defense ability and blood lactate recovery between two groups were examined by using of paired t-test. Results: Blood lactate recovery function of experimental group was better than that of control group, while there were no differences of attack and defense ability between two groups.
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CHUNG, YU-KAI y 鐘昱剴. "Effects of Ingesting Oxygenated Water on Heart Rate、Blood Lactate and Rating of Perceived Exertion after Simulated Games in Taekwondo Athletes". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63bb33.
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碩士國立中正大學
運動競技系運動與休閒教育研究所
107
Purpose: Taekwondo athletes required to compete in several combats during a single day. Such repeated exposure to combat dramatically altered the physiological requirements. Furthermore, the post-exercise recovery between combats has become even more important. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigates the effects of ingesting oxygenated water on heart rate and blood lactate during two simulated games in Taekwondo athletes. Methods: Eight elite Taekwondo athletes from National Chung Cheng University participated in the study, the age is 20.5 ± 1.0 years, the height 168.3 ± 5.1 cm, the weight 59.4 ± 7.5 kg, the training time is 8.1 ± 2.1 years. In the counterbalanced and double-blind design, all participants were randomly given with O4 oxygenated water (experimental group) or placebo (control group). The simulated games were held in accordance with the 2017 Taekwondo rules. The interval between the two games during a single day were 90 minutes. Participants ingested a series of 4 × 15mL volumes of either O4 oxygenated water or placebo before and during the games. The heart rate and rating of perceived exertion and blood lactate concentration was measured before and after the games. Two competition days were separated by one week. Data was analyzed by repeated measures two way ANOVA. The significant level is α＝0.05. Results: There was a significant time effect (p < 0.05) in blood lactate between two games (Combat-1-pre: 2.0 ± 0.9, Post-1 min: 11.7 ± 4.8, Post-5 min: 8.7 ± 3.1, Post-10 min: 7.0 ± 3.0, Post-90 min: 2.7 ± 0.9 ; Combat-2-pre: 2.7 ± 0.9, Post-1 min: 14.7 ± 3.9, Post-5 min: 9.3 ± 3.0, Post-10 min: 7.8 ± 2.9, Post-90 min: 4.6 ± 2.2 mmol/L). There was no interaction effect in heart rate and blood lactate between the experimental group and the control group during the simulated games. Conclusion: The study showed that repeated exposure to Taekwondo combat were associated with increased blood lactate response. In addition, in two simulated Taekwondo competitions, uptake of O4 oxygenated water appeared to have no effects on heart rate and blood lactate. In order to clarify the effect of O4 oxygenated water on different types of exercise, further research is still needed.