Tesis:

1

Clark, Margaret Beckwith. "Interdisciplinary ministry collaboration, faith and health". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ55427.pdf.

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Ntau, Christopher Gopolang. "Medical careers and the Botswana health care system". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543578.

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This thesis examines, from a sociological perspective, the careers of doctors from a developing country without its own medical school or strongly organised medical profession. It argues that the interplay between the socio-economic and political forces and doctors' experiences internalised over the years at medical school, contribute to medical migration in Botswana from the public sector to private practice, and abroad. First, the thesis examines the influences that come into play when Botswana citizens choose a medical career. Then, the study explores students' medical school socialisation outside Botswana, and how this interfaces with subsequent workplace experience in Botswana. The retention efforts within the public health service and the 'pull' factors to the industrialised nations and international agencies are also studied. Data collection for this study was mainly through in-depth interviews with citizen doctors in the public and private sectors in Botswana. For doctors abroad, computer assisted interviewing was utilised. The data reveal that, in choosing a career in medicine, doctors came under varied and sometimes conflicting influences, at the family, community and institutional levels. While studying abroad, doctors were exposed to the modem technologies and facilities and an environment perceived as being conducive to work and study at the same time. These come to be pull factors when doctors, thus trained and socialised, wish to apply their skills and knowledge in practice on their return home. What obtains in medical practice, and the expectations from the state and the public for the medical profession are different from those the doctors have been socialised to expect. This situation leads to complaints and resignations by doctors. In themselves, such complaints are not peculiar to Botswana, but Batswana doctors are relatively well placed to leave the public sector. The study suggests that the solutions devised to address doctors' concerns should go beyond tinkering with monetary incentives

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3

Ntshebe, Oleosi. "Three papers on households and child health in Botswana". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415349/.

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The primary objective of this thesis is to examine the change in Botswana households between 1971 and 2011, show the relationship of household composition to child health outcomes and to demonstrate the association of community factors with stunting in Botswana. The thesis focusses on three related papers. Paper one uses a descriptive approach, and it provides an overview of how households have changed over time in Botswana. This paper analyses data from census reports for the years 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011, and three nationally representative surveys: the 1988 Botswana Standard Demographic Health Survey, the 2000 Multiple Indicator Survey (MICS) and the 2007 Botswana Family Health Surveys (BFHS). The findings from this paper indicate a change towards smaller households. The results show a decrease in the average household size, growth in the number of households, and a growing importance in the distribution of other household types (e.g., a rise of one person households, living with family and less with extended and not related household members). At the same time there is a decrease in childbearing and fertility. Using data from the 2007 BFHS and multi-level logistic models, paper two examines the relationship between household composition, stunting and diarrhoea prevalence. The findings indicate that stunting varies by whom the child lives with. Stunting is higher among children living with no parents compared to those living with both parents, and among those living with not related household members. Stunting is less prevalent among children living with an aunt and among those living with other relatives. Also, children living in mother only households and with a grandparent present have a higher level of stunting compared to those living with both parents. The findings on diarrhoea prevalence show that children living in mother-only households, and those living with no parents are less likely to have the condition than those living with both parents. Across all households, those who are richer, regardless of who is in the household, have lower rates of stunting and diarrhoea prevalence than those that are poorer. Paper three draws on census and survey data to examine the relationship between community factors and stunting. The results from paper three show a negative association between percentage of professionals in a district and stunting. Children living in the West, East/North East and Central parts of the country had higher levels of stunting compared to those living in the North. In addition, household wealth was found to be a significant moderator between the percentage of professionals in a district and stunting. Finally, the analysis in paper two and three show a clustering effect at household level. The implications of these findings is that policies aimed at reducing stunting and diarrhoea may be best targeted at individual and household factors, and other adults in a household beside biological parents. While further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which community factors influence stunting.

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4

July, Emma. "Awareness, attitudes and referral practices of health care providers to psychological services in Botswana". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1166.

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The provision of psychological services is vital considering the complex nature of psychosocial issues facing people today. Nevertheless, the provision and utilization of psychological services has not been given due recognition in most African countries, including Botswana. Botswana is one of the countries faced by the challenges of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and other mental health problems, as well as poverty and unemployment. To date statistics on the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Botswana, published annually by the National AIDS Coordinating Agency (NACA) reflect an increased rate of mental illness and psychosocial problems. Considering the complex nature of issues that impact negatively on people in Botswana, there is a need for awareness and the provision of psychological services in the primary health care system. There is little research on the place of psychology and psychological services in Botswana. The availability of such information is crucial for the planning of effective community-based psychological services. The present study employed a quantitative research method to explore and describe awareness and attitudes towards psychological services and referral practices in relation to psychological problems, of health care providers in Botswana. The participants in the study were chosen, based on a non-probability, purposive sampling method. The sample consisted of ninety-six persons and constituted medical doctors, nurses, psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses and clinical social workers from governmental and non-governmental institutions from Gaborone and Francistown in Botswana. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics in order to identify the mean, ranges and standard deviations. Frequency counts and percentages of the participants’ responses were computed. The results of the study revealed an awareness of available psychological services, positive attitudes towards psychology and psychological services and a reasonable percentage of referrals to psychological services. The results also revealed that available psychological services were limited and not easily accessible to patients. There was also an indication of a shortage of trained professionals to offer psychological services in health care centres, which resulted in psychological problems being referred to social workers.

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5

Pridmore, Pat. "Children as health educators : the child-to-child approach". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019135/.

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This study explores the Child-to-Child approach to health education. Child-to-Child claims that children can be effective promoters of health. The thesis provides an analysis and criticism of Child-to-Child, comparing theory with practice in the Little Teacher Programme in Botswana. It examines how Child-to-Child has sought to keep abreast of new thinking and to respond to experience and considers the extent to which its ideas have been implemented. It explores whether primary school children can be effective health educators and seeks to identify factors enabling or inhibiting their effectiveness. Research questions are focused in three main areas. First, what is meant by the Child-to-Child approach to health education? What does Child-to- Child mean theoretically? To what extent has current thinking departed from the original conceptualization of the approach? What does Child-to-Child mean to the practitioners of the Little Teacher Programme in Botswana and how successfully have they applied its ideas and methods? Second, how effective can children be as health educators using the Child-to-Child approach? A field study of the Little Teacher Programme is included to test the hypothesis that child educators can raise the knowledge level of preschool children and that performing their role can increase their own knowledge level. An extension of the main field study addresses a further question, what is the influence of the poor urban environment and of ethnicity on the effectiveness of children as health educators? Third, how can children be effective health educators and what factors enable or impede their effectiveness? The study considers how social, cultural and environmental factors may influence health behaviours. The study concludes that children can be effective health educators at the level of knowledge change but raises serious questions about the failure of Child-to-Child to take account of traditional resistance to some of its central ideas.

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6

Grant, Debora Felita. "Collaborative campus ministry and its impact on women's health". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1999. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/264.

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This project dissertation, entitled “Collaborative Campus Ministry and Its Impact on Women’s Health,” provides a foundation from which to develop a collaborative campus ministry that approaches issues relating to women’s health on a historically Black campus. The dissertation includes the results of a collaboration between the Campus Ministry Office, Health Service Center, and Counseling at Morris Brown College, along with local congregations and community agencies and organizations. This project dissertation presents the development and findings of Sisters Aligned and Living Together (SALT): A Women’s Health Conference. Project SALT provided basic information for the development and operation of a weilness program Health Education Resource Service(HERS) designed to address health concerns and challenges of many young African American women at Morris Brown College and other college campuses as well as in local congregations.

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7

AlAbri, Ahmed. "Risk management for Ministry of Health educational institutions(MOHEIs)". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9400/.

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Risk and risk perception are important concepts for strategic planning and management of an organisation. Risk management (RM) refers to systematic collection and analysis of data to determine the potentially adverse effects of an organisation’s strategic objectives (risk), and the development of mitigation strategies to counteract organisational uncertainties. Such uncertainties are increasing with the rapid development and expansion of the higher education sector (HE). Globalisation, increased competition for funding, advances in information and communication technology, increased social expectations, and many additional challenges have made the educational and research process more complex. This research aims to: 1) assess the level of staff awareness/participation on risk management among the 14 Ministry of Health Educational Institutions (MOHEIs); 2) identify, evaluate MOHEIs’ risks as perceived by MOHEIs staff, and 3) develop a risk management plan with recommendations, to improve the management of risk in MOHEIs. The RM endeavour is part of the new public management (NPM) reform of HE and it adds value to HEIs and their stakeholders. Both aim to: 1) improve the competitive advantage through a better understanding of risk in the operational environment, and 2) improve efficiency and effective use of resources. Diversifying funding sources, privatisation of some services (thereby sharing/transferring risk to other partners) and decentralisation of some authority to the lower organisation level will empower staff to identify risks at local level and assist in developing mitigation strategies that meet their departments’ or units’ needs. The literature review reveals many risk management standards/frameworks, which use similar processes, that include six main steps (1) Defining Context, (2) Event Identification, (3) Risk Assessment, (4) Risk response, (5) Risk Communication and, (5) Evaluation and Monitoring. In the present work I have adapted the first three of these steps through a mixed action research approach. Three data gathering methods were employed to collect qualitative and quantitative data: 1) content analysis of local, national and international published documents, 2) focus group discussions with eight senior managers and academic staff from various institutions and disciplines, and 3) two-round Delphi survey with participation of 158 MOHEIs staff. The research revealed 20 risks, of which seven risks have been rated as MOHEIs top priority risks. These include: (1) breakdown of equipment/applications; (2) inadequate infrastructure; (3) breach of IT or data security; (4) low student satisfaction; (5) insufficient funding: (6) slow procurement processes; and, (7) rising cost of employment. A risk management plan was thus developed to mitigate these seven risks through 21 treatment strategies, 69 operational activities, and 46 key risk indicators. This research highlights the need to develop a risk management framework or standard that caters for all MOHEIs levels and take into consideration the social and cultural values of the stakeholders. Until a risk management framework is established, the results of this research recommend quality assurance section to take the lead in implementing the proposed risk management plan.

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8

Mokgatlhe, Tuduetso M. "Factors associated with maternal mortality in South East Botswana". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4487.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
Background: Maternal mortality is a significant public health problem world-wide,as it is an important indicator for the functioning of the health system. The maternal mortality ratio for Botswana is higher than other countries with comparable economic growth, despite impressive access to health services. In order to develop relevant programs and policies to reduce maternal mortality, the factors associated with maternal mortality were studied. The study aimed to describe the maternal and health services factors associated with maternal mortality in South East Botswana. Methodology: A quantitative case-control study was used to retrospectively review medical records for 71 cases of maternal deaths and 284 controls randomly selected from mothers who delivered in the same year and at the same health facility, in South East Botswana from 2007 to 2009. Information was collected on the maternal and health services characteristics of the cases and controls including age, level of education, marital status, parity, utilization of health facilities that consist of antenatal care (ANC), type of delivery, complications during pregnancy, type of health facility and ANC provider. Data was analyzed using Predictive Analysis Software (PASW) Version 18.Two-sample t- test, Pearson’s Chi-square test and the Fisher’s exact test were used to test the difference between the proportions of the various categories of variables in cases and controls. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the risk factors associated with maternal deaths. A multivariate logistic regression model was estimated to see the joint effects of the identified risk factors for maternal mortality. Hosmer and Lemeshow test was used to test the goodness of fit of the model. Results: The mean age of the maternal deaths was 28.0 ± 5.3 years and they had taken place at a hospital (100%). A large number of deaths occurred before delivery(59.0%). The causes of maternal death included both direct (73%) and indirect causes (27%). Direct causes were the leading causes of death and they were abortion(22.5%) and haemorrhage (18.3%). The maternal characteristics associated with maternal mortality were having complications at delivery (OR=20.91), not receiving ANC (OR=6.31) and delivering by caesarean section (OR= 2.66). The health facility characteristics associated with maternal mortality were delivering outside the health facility (OR=14.78), having been referred from another facility (OR=8.62) and delivering at a general hospital (OR=5.91). The data produced a model with good fit that included one maternal risk factor and three health facility risk factors. These were being admitted with preterm labour, delivering at a general hospital or before arrival at the health facility and having been referred from another health facility. Conclusion: Maternal mortality was associated with both maternal and health facility risk factors. The model developed may be used to identify and manage highrisk women to reduce the number of maternal deaths. It was recommended that, the current system should continue to be monitored and evaluated through the Maternal Mortality Monitoring System (MMMS). Furthermore, the referral and management of complications needs to be strengthened through a multi-sectoral approach.

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9

Tau, Nontobeko Sylvia. "An analysis of TalkBack, an interactive HIV and AIDS education programme on Botswana Television". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5043.

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The Republic of Botswana (2011a) recognises behaviour change as the only long term solution to the HIV and AIDS epidemic that has become a leading health and development challenge for the country. The study aimed to examine how Talk Back, an interactive HIV and AIDS educational programme on Botswana television, capacitates the school community to deal with challenges brought about by the HIV and AIDS epidemic. The study was based on recordings of 2014 Term One theme— ‘Paediatric care and support: challenges and implications in the teaching and learning environment. The study conducted a content analysis of Talk Back to determine behaviour change communication categories employed in producing the programme. All aspects of the Talk Back programme were also analysed to establish communication strategies employed in the presentation of content. Talk Back employed communication approaches such as panel discussions of matters related to HIV and AIDS by various specialists, video clips to present content, and viewers phoning in to interact with the panellists. A number of the callers identified challenges; the most common identified challenge was that parents tended not to disclose their children’s HIV status to the children due to the negative social stigma attached to HIV and AIDS. Although Talk Back provides a forum for interactive behaviour change communication, some listeners questioned the use of technical language.

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10

Keorekile, Opelo. "Occupational health hazards encountered by nurses at Letsholathebe II memorial hospital in Maun, Botswana". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1613.

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Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2015
Nurses are an integral component of the health care delivery system and they encounter occupational health problems classified as biological, chemical, physical, and psychosocial hazards. Nurses also face health hazards such as Hepatitis B, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, tuberculosis, cytotoxic drugs, anesthetic agents, needle stick injury, back pain, and stress. At Letsholathebe II Memorial Hospital in Maun, nurses and other health professionals face occupational health and safety risks at the workplace. Aim and Objectives The aim of the study was to identify the occupational health hazards encountered by nurses at Letsholathebe II Memorial Hospital in Maun, Botswana. The objectives were to identify occupational health hazards at Letsholathebe II Memorial Hospital; determine organic and inorganic disorders caused by occupational health hazards; determine coping mechanisms of nurses towards occupational health hazards and the compliance of nurses to written protocols that address occupational health hazards. Research Method and Design A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional method was adopted. The population comprised 200 nurses employed at Letsholathebe II Memorial Hospital. Simple random sampling was used to select 132 nurses who participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results The study revealed health hazards namely; back aches, frequent headaches, and persistent tiredness; mercury, solvents and anaesthetic gases; HIV, streptococcus, staphylococcus, Hepatitis B and measles. Nurses also reported fatigue, loss of sleep due to stress, anxiety and persistent tiredness. Conclusion The study concluded that nurses at Letsholathebe ll Memorial hospital experienced physical, chemical, biological and psychological health hazards. Recommendations The study recommends that nurses should have access to OHS information, that OHS awareness should be created at Letsholathebe II Memorial Hospital.

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11

Miller, David Teekell. "The establishment of a suicide prevention ministry team". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.

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12

Laletsang-Mokokwe, Lebogang. "Evaluating the effectiveness of the vehicle registration and licensing system of Botswana's Ministry of Transport and Communication using the Delone and McLean model". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96683.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Information System Success Evaluation has been a concept of interest to many organizations for decades now. The main motivation for this activity is usually from the financial view of things, that is, the main interest of an organization carrying out IS success evaluation is mainly to find out whether investing in such a system was a good business decision. This question is often answered by the realization of the direct and indirect benefits realized by deployment of using such a system. Like many organizations the government of Botswana has invested millions of Pula’s in the past number of years in acquiring and implementing different Information Systems in the various Ministries and Departments. One such system is the Vehicle Registration and Licensing System, which was deployed by the Department of Roads Transport and Safety of the Ministry of Works, Transport and Communication. After the VRLS implementation there has not been any formal scientific research or investigation conducted to find out the success of this Information System, especially with regards to the stakeholders who use this system for their daily jobs. This study therefore engaged in a task, which evaluated the success of the Vehicle Registration and Licensing System and answered the question of how effective the system is from the user’s point of view. A well-known Information System success evaluation model, known as the Delone and McLean IS evaluation model, was applied to test the hypothesis of this research. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the research data. The results were analyzed using a common research tool, the SPSS, including cross tabulation and chisquare tests. The findings of this study will further enrich the IS success evaluation Body of Knowledge on the key factors which can contribute to a successful or unsuccessful Information System acquisition investment. Furthermore, the researchers who will further look into this subject may find these findings very useful and also stimulating to do further research on this subject to unveil further evidence of the ingredients of an effective Information System investment which has been accepted by and accredited by its users.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inligtingstelselsuksesevaluering is ‘n konsep wat baie organisasies nou al vir dekades interesseer. Die motivering hiervoor is hoofsaaklik geleë in finansiële redes. Organisasies wil hiermee vasstel of dit ‘n goeie besigheidsbesluit was. Hierdie vraag word dan dikwels beantwoord deur die verkryging van direkte en indirekte voordele deur gebruik te maak van so ‘n stelsel. Soos baie organisasies het die regering van Botswana miljoene pula belê in die implementering van inligtingstelsels in verskeie staatsdepartemente. Die Voertuigregistrasie en Lisensiestelsel is ‘n voorbeeld hiervan wat deur die Departement van Padvervoer en -Veiligheid van die Ministerie van Werke, Vervoer en Kommunikasie ontplooi is. Geen formele wetenskaplike navorsing is geloods na afloop van die implementering van die stelsel nie, veral nie sedert die gebruik deur motoriste nie. Hierdie studie poog juis om die effektiwiteit van die stelsel te meet, veral vanuit die verbruiker se perspektief. Die Delone en Mclean Inligtingstelselevalueringsmodel word gebruik om die hipotese van die navorsing te toets. ‘n Gestruktureerde vraelys is opgestel om data te versamel. Die SPSS as ‘n algemene navorsingsinstrument is gebruik vir analise, asook vir kruistabulasie en chikwadraattoetse. Die bevindinge van die studie sal die korpus van kennis van inligtingstelselsuksesevaluering verryk ten opsigte van die sleutelfaktore wat kan bydra tot die sukses of nie-sukses van inligtingstelselimplementering. Verdere studie in hierdie betrokke gebied word deur die navorsing gestimuleer, om veral die effektiwiteit van Inligtingstelselbeleggings te bepaal.

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13

Mbongwe, Bontle. "Fate and persistence of DDT and its metabolites in the Okavango Delta, Botswana". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ67838.pdf.

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14

Chou, Jeanie. "Introducing mental health issues in an Asian Ameican [sic] women's ministry". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Project (M.A.R.)--Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, 2005.
An integrative project submitted to the Faculty of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Religion. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-57).

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15

Sofia, Gustina y n/a. "Information needs of health researchers at the National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia". University of Canberra. Information, Language & Culture, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.083237.

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The present study attempted to investigate the information needs/information seeking behaviour of health researchers at the National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia. Its objective was to identify the relationship between information needs/information seeking behaviour and the characteristics of those health professionals. Those characteristics include institution to which health professionals belonged, institution geographic location, level of appointment, level of education, and work experience. Research was carried out through survey by using a questionnaire. This survey obtained a response rate of 92 percent from a sample of 131 health professionals. Their information needs/information seeking behaviour were correlated with their characteristics to determine relationships, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. Frequency distribution, chi-square analysis, and descriptive analysis were used to obtain the results. The study found that the health information available did not match the health professionals' needs and that there was strong demand by these personnel for automated information services. It also found that total hours reading per week was significantly related to level of appointment, level of education, and work experience at other institutions. The perceived usefulness of journals as information sources was significantly related to institution, geographic location, level of appointment, level of education and work experience at other institutions. Government publications and statistical data as a source of information were found to be related significantly to institution and geographic location. There was also a relationship between the perceived value of reference books and work experience at the current institution. The usefulness of library catalogues as a guide to information was found to be related significantly to institution and geographic location, as was the usefulness of abstracting and indexing services to level of education. Frequency of visiting libraries was significantly related to institution, geographic location and level of appointment. The membership of professional organizations and obtaining useful information from friends, colleagues or personal contact were found to be significantly related to level of education. The study concludes with recommendations and suggestions for further research.

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16

Gabe, Sanyi George. "Occupational health and safety survey in small-scale clothing enterprises in Gaborone, Botswana". Thesis, University of Limpopo ( Medunsa Campus ), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/616.

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Thesis (MPH) -- University of Limpopo, 2010.
Small-scale enterprises and the informal sector constitute the fastest growing economic sectors and represent the most realistic form of employment creation. In Botswana, the number of informal businesses increased by 72% from 1999 to 2007, an important proportion involved in clothing manufacture. These businesses are vulnerable and prone to concern themselves with survival rather than improving health and safety and as such health risks remain high in their workplaces. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which small-scale clothing industries in the Gaborone area of Botswana comply with occupational health and safety standards and to make recommendations for the improvement of employee health and safety and productivity. A quantitative cross-sectional survey of 36 small enterprises was conducted and data was collected using an inspection checklist adapted from the ILO's guidelines on Safety, Health and working Conditions inspections. Results showed that the enterprises employed between I – 8 persons with two-thirds (59.4%) employing 1 - 2 persons indicating that small businesses in clothing manufacture comprised mostly self-employed persons. Predominantly females (2 - 1 female to male ratio) were employed thus confirming the findings of the 2007 informal sector survey in Botswana which showed that 67.6% informal businesses were owned by females. However, females are most at risk from health problems inherent in clothing manufacture particularly as studies show that musculoskeletal disorders that cause long-term disabilities and absenteeism are more common among them than males. Work processes in small-scale clothing manufacture was found to be labour-intensive, involving long hours of standing particularly for workers designing, cutting and ironing, and sitting for machinists who do sewing. Work also involved lifting of heavy loads, was repetitive with sustained use of force and high-paced. Workers operated for 5 hours in the morning and 3-5 hours in the afternoon continuously with only a I-hour lunch break without short breaks to rest thus increasing fatigue, risk of injuries and musculoskeletal disorders. Workbenches and chairs were not appropriate for the nature and type of work, causing workers to adopt awkward postures. The businesses were generally complying with requirements for cleanliness and provision of sanitary conveniences but ventilation and lighting were inadequate. None of the workplaces provided localized lighting and in most cases windows were too small to provide natural lighting and ventilation for normal airflow. Most workplaces were not complying with electrical installation standards. 63.9% of the workplaces had entangled wire connections and live wire terminals in the work area living workers exposed to serious injuries electrocution and burns from possible fire. Emergency preparedness of the workplaces was also poor as non-had a first aid kit; only 8.3% had fire extinguishers and most had no emergency exit but only one door serving as entrance and exit. In addition workplaces were not complying with standards for the use of protective clothing and equipment and the maintenance and guarding of machines. Moreover, employers were not complying with their legal obligation to identify, remove or mitigate hazards in the workplace and did not train nor supervise employees in safe work procedures and use of workstations and machinery. This survey revealed that small-scale clothing manufacture enterprises in the Gaborone area of Botswana were in the most not complying with universal occupational health and safety standards leading to a precarious state of workplace health and safety conditions. These findings justify the need to implement such improvements as reorientation of the factories inspection system, redesign of workbenches and chairs, granting employees short breaks to rest and grouping of businesses into small regional committees to facilitate training in occupational health and safety procedures and their use, and the identification and implementation of simple solutions for workplace health and safety problems.

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17

Chanza, Alfred Witness Dzanja. "An assessment of the motivational value of rewards among health professionals in Malawi's Ministry of Health". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020330.

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The assessment of the motivational value of rewards in the world of work is interesting but difficult to understand. Variations in research reports and inadequate comprehension of the efficiency and motivational value of rewards have brought about confusions, controversies and contradictions among authors, researchers, consultants and practitioners in the field of Industrial and Organisational Psychology (Mangham, 2007; Muula, 2006; Muula & Maseko, 2005; Palmer, 2006; World Bank, 2004). As a consequence, organisations are applying theories and models of motivation selectively depending on their beliefs, ideological framework of values and assumptions (Dzimbiri, 2009). The study was therefore carried out as a positive contribution to the existing knowledge and debate on the motivational value of rewards for health professionals in the public health sectors of the developing countries. Through a systematic sampling method, 571 health professionals were sampled for the study. Data were collected through the use of a self-administered questionnaire which was composed based on the data collected from desk research/literature review, focus group discussions and interviews. The findings of the study revealed that the Malawi‟s Ministry of Health (MoH) is failing to attract, motivate and retain health professionals; there is perception of inequity of the rewards among the health professionals; health professionals develop coping strategies to supplement their monthly financial rewards; health professionals engage in corrupt practices to supplement their monthly financial rewards; and there is erosion of industrial democracy in the Malawi‟s Public Health Sector. While the statistical testing of the hypothesized model proved a lack of fit between the variables, the statistical testing of the re-specified model suggests that there is a positive relationship between financial rewards and reward-related problems being faced by health professionals in the Malawi‟s MoH. Through the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) exercise, an inverse (negative) relationship between financial and non-financial rewards was deduced, and scientifically and graphically demonstrated. Both the re-specified and graphical models symbolize a pragmatic departure from the theoretical model whose authors (Franco, Bennett, Kanfer & Stubblebine, 2004) are largely inclined to the use of non-financial rewards and suggest that financial rewards should be used with caution. These findings also reject the Herzberg‟s two factor theory (Herzberg, 1960) which claims that financial rewards (salaries) are not a motivator. The major recommendations of the study are that the Franco et al.‟s (2004) model should be adopted and adapted in the Malawi‟s MoH with the view that the value of both financial and non-financial rewards (as motivators) varies from individual to individual due to individual differences and prevailing factors/forces in both the work environment and wider society in which the MoH operates; a hybrid reward system combining the strengths of time-based, performance-based and competence-based reward systems should be developed and implemented; the results of scientifically testing the re-specified model and the inverse (causal) relationship established between financial and non-financial rewards (as demonstrated in a graphic model) should be re-tested with other samples in the public health sectors of the developing countries; and the motivational value of non-financial rewards should be scientifically established and compared with the motivational value of financial rewards used independent of each other in business organisations to make an objective conclusion on the rewards-motivation debate.

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Omari, Nuru Said. "The prevalence and determinants of diabetic retinopathy in Botswana: Findings from a screening programme". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27107.

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Background: The International Diabetes Federation estimates that the number of adults with diabetes in Africa will increase by 98% by the year 2030. The importance of diabetic retinopathy as a cause of blindness has increased because of longevity and a decline in the other preventable causes of blindness in developing countries. Retinopathy diagnosed early, followed closely, and treated timeously with retinal laser therapy, prevents blinding retinopathy. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy, its determinants and the acceptability as well as accessibility of the screening service by patients. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study conducted at Gaborone diabetic retinopathy screening clinic. Convenience sampling was used where every eligible patient that arrived for DR screening and had consented was included in the study. Basic descriptive statistics of the study sample were reported and a multivariate analysis was performed with DR as the outcome of interest. Results: A total of 220 participants attended the clinic between 12th of January and 6th of February 2015. The mean age of the participants was 55.96 (p=0.32) years and females comprised the majority 65.45% (n= 144, p=0.33)) of participants. A fifth of the participants (n=43, p=0.67) felt they had poor knowledge of diabetes and 25.91% (n=57, p=0.96) stated they did not understand the purpose of screening. Only 63.64% (n=140, p=0.46) reported to always being compliant with their medication and compliance did not differ significantly between those who had retinopathy and those who did not. Traditional medicine use was reported in 16.36% of the participants (n=36, p=0.33). Diabetic Retinopathy was found in 31.82% (n=70) of the population and of those, 3 participants (1.36%) had referable DR. Maculopathy was found in 21.82% (n=48) of participants. Increasing household number and years living with DM were the only variables found to have a significant association with development of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy has increased in our population compared to previous studies. The number of Diabetics attending the DR screening service in Gaborone has also increased but continuous diabetes health education cannot be over emphasized. Incorporation of local cultural values into the overall management of the disease is the best way to increase patient compliance.

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Mugabe, Mbulawa. "Child health and social change : an analysis of household and policy dynamics in Botswana". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343893.

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Adekunle, Toluwani E. "Towards Health System Strengthening: Analyzing the adoption of the WHO Health Systems Thinking Framework in the Nigerian and Botswana National Health Policies". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1430146924.

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Mokalake, Ellen N. "Determinants of HIV voluntary counselling and testing among the youth: The case of Botswana". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9403.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This study was conducted in Gaborone city, Botswana. Botswana is a small country in south central part of Africa with a population of 1.7 million (Botswana population census, 2001) The overall aim of the study was to examine barriers and facilitating factors influencing the readiness for and acceptability of voluntary HIV testing among the youth aged 18-24 years in Gaborone, Botswana. A quantitative methodology was used in this study. A multistage sampling strategy was also used to recruit one hundred and forty four (144) participants. Information on socio-demographic characteristic, knowledge and utilization of VCT sexual behaviour and perception of risk was gathered by use of a self administered structured questionnaire. STATA version 8 was used to analyse the results of this study. Summary statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression were employed in the analysis. Participants comprised of students from senior secondary schools and tertiary education institutions from the sampled schools of Gaborone. The modal level of education was secondary and the more than half of participants (56%) were females. Their age ranged from 18-24 years. The majority of participants (75%) were sexually active and just over a third 36% of all participants considered themselves not at risk of HIV. VCT knowledge was reported by a significant proportion (59%) who also reported knowledge of VCT sites. HIV testing was reported by a minority of participants 42% and the most commonly reported reason for testing was media campaigns encouraging HIV testing whilst the most commonly reported reason for not testing was never been sexually active. Findings from this study revealed that, HIV test acceptance among the youth is still an area that needs greater attention. The facilitation of HIV testing amongst the young people and removal of barriers to testing can be achieved through a focus on use of strategies that seem vii to work such as the media. Also, there is need to ensure utilization of VCT services by youth through making them understand of the role that VCT plays in preventing HIV and AIDS.

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Keakile, Shirley Boshale. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices amongst diabetes mellitus patients about exercise at a primary health center in Gaborone Botswana". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1596.

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Thesis (MPH) -- University of Limpopo, 2015
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic lifestyle disease without a cure, and medical emphasis is on management to avoid short and long term diabetes related problems/complications. It is very important for patients to be knowledgeable on the role of diet, physical exercise and self-monitoring. The main objective of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the diabetes mellitus patients about the benefit of physical activity. METHODOLOGY: The was a cross sectional descriptive study that assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices amongst diabetes mellitus patients on physical activity at Block 6 clinic in Gaborone, Botswana. The researcher administered questionnaires with individual patients to investigate how well they understood their condition, their attitude towards exercise and the extent to which they have adopted exercise as part of their diabetes control. A total of 140 diabetic patients participated in the study. RESULTS: The results of the study revealed that participants had good knowledge of symptoms of diabetes (97.9%), complications that can result when diabetes is not well controlled (76.4%) and urine analysis test (65%). The results also showed that majority of the participants had fair knowledge (62.1%) and only (20.0%) had good knowledge; (89.4%) had positive attitude, and only 10.6% had negative attitude towards physical exercise. The results show that 59.6% had low level of physical activity, 31.3% did not exercise, whilst only 9.1% reported that they exercised adequately. CONCLUSION The study reveals a variation between diabetes related health knowledge, attitude, and practice in among those who are affected by diabetes. The knowledge and practice levels were relatively low. Nevertheless majority of the study participants had positive attitude towards Physical Activity. Keywords: Diabetes, knowledge, attitude, Practice, Physical

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Kago, Ntsetselele. "Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine in Botswana: patients’ attitudes, knowledge and use". University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5482.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine use, knowledge and attitudes towards traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) in Botswana among people who visit public health facilities. PRIMARY AIM: The primary aim of this study was to establish the attitude towards, knowledge of and use of TCAM among patients utilizing two public health care facilities in Botswana. METHODS: The study was descriptive and quantitative in design. Data were collected using structured questionnaires in two public sector hospitals. Data included demographics of participants, current or past TCAM use, perceptions of efficacy and safety of TCAM and knowledge sources on TCAM. RESULTS: The median age of participants was 38.5 years with the youngest participants being 18 years and oldest participant 78 years. Just more than half (55%) of the participants were female.The majority of participants were single (65.6%) and about a quarter (24.4%) of participants were married. Of the study population 16 (7%) participants had no formal education and 40% had a secondary school education. The prevalence of TCAM use in the 90 study participants was found to be 48.9% of which 16.7% were currently using TCAM and 32.2% had used TCAM in the past. However, this practice could not be correlated with any particular demographic variable. TCAM was most often used either to promote overall wellness or to treat a specific health condition. The TCAM modality that was mostly used was African traditional medicine and other herbals. The majority of TCAM users were satisfied with the effects of TCAM of whom 68.4% of participants found the products very helpful. Most of the respondents (79%) reported that they perceived the products to be very safe. However, the participants were split in their willingness to recommend TCAM to another person. In terms of knowledge, most participants would not use TCAM with other medicines. Yet the majority of participants also indicated that they have never discussed TCAM use with their health care professional. Most participants have been exposed to information on TCAM from family or friends (80.6%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of TCAM use in Botswana is similar to findings in other parts of the world. These products were primarily used for overall wellness and to treat specific diseases, but this practice could not be attributed to any particular demographic profile. The majority of TCAM users were satisfied with the effects of TCAM. Findings support a need for greater integration of allopathic medicine and CAM, as well as improved communication between patients and caregivers regarding TCAM usage.

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Lock, Gwendolyn Elizabeth. "Who shares? Managerial knowledge transfer practices in British Columbia's ministry of health services". ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/736.

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The British Columbia government's Ministry of Health Services will experience significant loss of operational knowledge from an aging managerial workforce, increased staff turnover, and difficulties in recruitment. The purpose of this study is to provide the ministry's Strategic Human Resources Planning branch staff with a map and description of knowledge transfer practices used by approximately 40 managers within the ministry's Health Sector Information Management/Information Technology division and its Vital Statistics Agency. The study is a mixed-methods case study of knowledge retention and transfer practices founded on a knowledge management and social network theoretical foundation. To understand the ministry's complex nature of knowledge transfer, research questions examined the characteristics of an effective knowledge sharing network, associated knowledge sharing similarities and dissimilarities, and perceived knowledge sharing enablers and inhibiters. Social network and thematic analysis were used to collect, map, and analyze perceived informal knowledge transfer practices. Findings indicated that face-to-face communication, visual and verbal cues, and individuals who had a few powerful neighboring connections were influential knowledge resources. The social implications from these findings will act as a catalyst to shift prevalent cultural knowledge management practices thereby positively affecting workload and resource management. Employees will more clearly understand their knowledge management roles and how their actions affect service delivery to citizens. Acting as a knowledge transfer model, the ministry could positively influence the government's Public Service Agency, other ministries, health authorities, and private sector organizations to adopt effective knowledge transfer practices to improve managerial and managerial/staff communication and trust.

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Mobley, Deborah. "The Lived Experience of Faith Community Nurses Living the Call to Health Ministry". VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/101.

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Faith community nursing is one of the newest specialized practices of professional nursing. A faith community nurse is an actively registered professional nurse, who serves as a paid or volunteer staff member in a faith community. The faith community nurse promotes health and wholism of the faith community, its groups, families, and individual members. A faith community, as in a church, synagogue or mosque, is an organization of individuals and families who share common beliefs, values, religious doctrine, and faith practices that influence their lives. The faith community functions as a client system for the faith community nurse. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the experiences of Protestant faith community nurses "living the call" to health ministry. Previous researchers have explored the roles of the faith community nurse, but have not specifically investigated the experience of living the call. A hermeneutical phenomenological methodology was used to answer the question, "What is the lived experience of faith community nurses living the call to health ministry?" The participants were ten Caucasian female faith community nurses residing in four regions in the Commonwealth of Virginia. All participants acknowledged receiving a "call" to health ministry. A structured interview of 60 to 90 minutes was conducted with each participant. The interview consisted of structured and semi-structured questions and explored the meaning of living the call to health ministry. Data were analyzed using the phenomenological method of Max van Manen. Five themes emerged including: 1) the calling; 2) relating to God in living the call; 3) practice in living the call; 4) challenges in living the call; and 5) blessings in living the call. Participants described the experiences of the callings to health ministry, consistent communications with God and the challenges and blessings of faith community nursing. The practices of faith community nurses were also described by the participants. The findings provide a glimpse into the lifeworld of the faith community nurse living the call to health ministry. This study may be helpful to others wanting to gain a deeper understanding of the meaning of the calling to health ministry as well as the experiences of relating to God, practice, challenges, and blessings.

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Alhurayess, Saleh. "Energy management in hospitals : a case study of the Saudi Ministry of Health". Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13593.

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Huge amounts of energy are consumed by hospitals to improve the health environment for patients. This energy needs to be stable and continuous. Therefore, it is necessary to manage energy consumption. The purpose of this research is to study the energy management performance in hospitals in Saudi Arabia aiming to develop theoretical framework for energy management and to provide guideline to support implementing an effective energy management system in hospitals. This research consists of two main parts. The first part involves the assessment of the level of energy management program and the gathering of energy consumption quantitative data from five hospitals in order to determine the level of implementation of energy management program and the amounts and percentage of annual change in electricity consumption per bed in hospitals. The second part involves the inspection of the opinions of hospital top technical managers regarding energy management in their hospitals and their knowledge in auditing procedures, energy efficiency barriers, awareness to energy management and percentage of expected amount of saved energy. The research delivers recommendations tailored to the health sector in Saudi Arabia that encourages implementing energy management programs in hospitals to save energy, increase energy efficiency and improve energy management awareness.

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27

Ekosse, G. E., Jager L. De y Den Heever D. Van. "Health status of learners of educational institutions within Selebi Phikwe Ni-Cu mine area, Botswana". Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 7, Issue 2: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/533.

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Published Article
Health effects associated with Ni-Cu mining on learners living within the mining area at Selebi Phikwe were investigated through the administration of questionnaires. Results depicted learners suffering from a wide range of different symptoms and illnesses. 70% of the learners complained of coughs, 77% had influenza / common cold, and 80% had headaches. The repeated coughing, constant influenza / common cold and persistent headaches from which learners suffered, were very significantly higher than those at the control site; and incidences of their occurrence increased with closeness to the mining area. The unusual high occurrences of these ailments and illnesses coupled with associated diseases among learners were attributed to several environmental factors including contaminated particulate air matter (PAM) (rich in sulphur and heavy metals) linked to the mining and smelting of Ni-Cu.

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Mirzoev, Tolib. "Assessment of capacity of the Ministry of Health to conduct health policy processes in the Republic of Tajikistan". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1120/.

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The widely-recognised importance of robust health policy processes suggests the need for capacity to ensure these. Whilst research exists on capacity or policy processes, little is known about how these two are related. This study starts to fill this gap by developing a conceptual framework and testing in the Republic of Tajikistan, where independence reinforced the need for Ministry of Health's (MOH) capacity to conduct country-level policy processes. The following overarching research question guided this qualitative study: What are the key elements of, and main effects on, MOH capacity to conduct health policy processes in RT and how has this capacity changed since independence? Data was collected using semi-structured interviews, document reviews and observations of policy event. A framework approach was used for analysis, drawing on the conceptual framework. An understanding of what constitutes robust health policy processes is important and six characteristics were identified: holistic, evidence-informed, efficient, effective, feasible and sustainable. The conceptual framework distinguishes five components: MOH capacity to conduct policy processes (comprising elements of policy cycle, use of evidence, leadership and governance, and resources), actors, context, policy contents and policy results. This study explored the MOH capacity related to its management or response to the first three components. Though positive changes since independence were identified, the study found that MOH capacity is lacking in all following areas: recognising and managing stages of policy cycle, considering wider context, managing involvement of policy actors, ensuring evidence-informed policy processes, applying good governance and effective leadership, and establishing and effectively using resources. Each area is dynamic, interrelated with others and involves intra-relationships, with implications for overall MOH capacity. Two underlying issues are important: the need for both ability and willingness and the inter-relationships and interdependence between different capacity levels. As a result of the study a revised framework was developed.

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Trauth, Jonathan N. "An Evaluation of the St. Leo Burundi Refugee Ministry Program". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1468512316.

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Madisa, Montlenyane. "Preceptors’ and faculty’s opinions about the implementation of preceptorship in the diploma nursing curriculum in Botswana". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71731.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
Background: Preceptorship refers to a teaching and learning approach through which a well experienced clinician is contracted to provide clinical teaching, supervision, role‐modeling of professional and clinical practice skills and assessment of students in a clinical setting. This approach often involves three groups of people, namely: faculty, students, and clinicians (preceptors). The preceptor in this study refers to a registered nurse who supervises and conducts clinical assessment of students in a clinical area, while at the same time is responsible for patient care. The focus of this study was to explore preceptors’ opinions regarding the implementation of preceptorship in the diploma in the nursing curriculum diploma in the nursing curriculum in Botswana. Emphasis was placed on seeking information on how preceptorship is implemented, the strengths and challenges regarding its implementation and suggestions as to how it should be strengthened to contribute positively towards teaching and learning of students. Methodology: A mixed cross‐sectional descriptive design, using a survey was used. . The design was adopted because of its ability to provide a broad understanding of the concept under study by allowing participants to share their experiences and opinions about a specified situation. Both the qualitative and quantitative data were collected simultaneously. A standardized self‐developed structured questionnaire using both closed ended and few open ended questions and consisting of scaled self‐report items and checklists was used to collect data from forty‐four (44) preceptors and three (3) third year level coordinators from the three (3) health training institutions. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, while the qualitative data were analyzed for frequency of common themes. Descriptive statistics in the form of frequency tables and charts, as well as measures of central tendencies, were used in the analysis of quantitative data. Results: The findings revealed that preceptorship program was not well coordinated as there were no preceptorship manuals to guide the implementation of preceptorship program. On the positive side, however, preceptors felt comfortable and competent to supervise and assess students, despite the fact that most of them had not received preceptorship training or orientation. With regard to preceptor support, it was evident that there was need for major support in regard to improved communication between preceptor and faculty, improved support by the health facility manager and the need for strengthening preceptor training and orientation. The majority of the respondents have recommended for preceptorship orientation /training targeted at addressing some of the following topics: Student and preceptor roles, curriculum requirements, clinical teaching and assessment skills, leadership skills and how to access resources from the health training institutions. A significant number of preceptors felt that it was important to receive feedback about students’ progress from faculty and to receive feedback from students regarding their experiences in the clinical internship sites. Lastly, preceptors also felt that there was need for introducing incentives into the preceptorship program Conclusion The key areas that emerged from the study indicated an uncoordinated and unstructured preceptorship program in the diploma nursing curriculum. Preceptor support is limited as evidenced by report of lack of training or orientation of preceptors to their preceptorship role. To ensure sustainability of preceptorship program there is need to improve the following areas: preceptorship training and orientation, and preceptorship support by both the health training institution and the health facility managers. Key words: Preceptors, preceptorship, orientation, socialization, student assessment, and faculty support, clinical teaching, mentor, clinical supervisor.

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Hagos, Samuel. "Assessment of Business Process Reengineering Implementation and Result within Ethiopian Ministry of Health and Gambella Regional Health Bureau Contexts". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5312.

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For many years, the tight bureaucratic and task centered approaches of civil service institutions of Ethiopia led to fragmentation, overlap and duplications of efforts than being responsive, flexible and customer focus. To this end, Business Process Reengineering (BPR) has been considered as a government sector technique to help organizations fundamentally rethink how they do their work in order to dramatically improve customer service, cut operational costs, become responsive, flexible and customer focus. BPR has great potential for increasing productivity through reduced process time and cost, improved quality, and greater customer satisfaction, but it often requires a fundamental organizational change. Despite the numerous advantages of BPR in terms of responsiveness, flexibility and customer focus, its implementation is perceived to be a difficult task and also many unsuccessful experiences have been reported in the literature. In fact, there are very few survey researches that attempt to highlight the kinds of activities that the organizations should pursue to ensure a reasonable transition to the new process; manage the human and technical issues surrounding implementation of the new process; and assess the results of its reengineering efforts. But these researchers saw the issues from private cooperative organizational perspectives and contexts. Besides, most of the discussions and findings were stretched up to showing that successful BPR implementations process are mainly associated with the organizations capability in managing changes. The researches paid no attention to other factors, like the issues of enabler, tools and techniques which can be utilized to build momentum. Hence, the present research investigated the factors associated with successful implementations of BPR projects in the contexts of public institutions. Based on a case study conducted in Ethiopian Ministry of Health and Gambella Regional Health Bureau; this research attempted to provide guidelines and best practices in public service providing institutions that will help them to achieve dramatic performance gains while implementing BPR projects. A cross sectional, qualitative and quantitative study was conducted taking 90 respondents and 20 interviewees as study subjects. Data were collected from June 1 to July 31 2010. A structured questionnaire was filled by 90 respondents where 43.3 % of them from Gambella Peoples’ National Regional State Health Bureau and 56.7% of them were from Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health. The questionnaire was employed to collect data on change management and factors associated with the attainment of performance goals whereas in-depth interviews were utilized to substantiate the findings of questionnaire and investigate the use of information technology as enabler. The in-depth interviews included planners, core process owners and directors. Cross tabulation results imply that there is significant associations between attainment of performance goals and availability of written comprehensive plan for pilot test, refinement and implementation of change management plan, availability of communication strategy, placement of performance measures, motivation to take new roles and responsibilities, Use of information technology as enabler and pilot testing to evaluate new process. Hence, the findings of this research suggest that reengineering project implementation is complex, involving many factors. To succeed, it is essential that change be managed and that balanced attention be paid to all identified factors, including those that are more contextual (e.g., management support and technological competence), performance management, availability of comprehensive implementation plan, communication strategies, refinement and implementation of change management plan, use of pilot testing to evaluate new process, motivation to take new roles and responsibilities and usage information technology as enabler.
+251911436197, Gambella, Ethiopia, P.o.box. 90

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32

Brooks, Gary S. "A proactive strategy for improving the health and ministry effectiveness of Bethany Baptist Church". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.

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Alghamdi, Saleh. "The adoption of antimicrobial stewardship programmes in Ministry of Health hospitals in Saudi Arabia". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.768496.

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Aim: This thesis aims to explore and investigate the level and process of adoption of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes (ASPs) and factors influencing their implementation in Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals. The findings of this study will provide hospitals and policy makers with evidence-based recommendations on how barriers to ASPs adoption can be overcome, which will ultimately improve antimicrobial use and reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Method: A mixed method approach was carried out using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals in three Saudi hospitals to explore the enablers and barriers to their adoption of ASPs. A survey was then developed based on these findings to investigate the level of hospitals’ adoption of ASPs and factors influencing their implementation at a national level. Further, a case study using in-depth interviews was utilised to understand the process of ASP adoption in a Saudi hospital, and how adoption challenges were addressed. Finally, a self-administered questionnaire was used to examine patients’ knowledge and perceptions of antimicrobial use and resistance, and to evaluate the institutional role of patient education on antimicrobial use in two Saudi hospitals. The overall methodology of the research is summarised in Figure I. Results: Despite the introduction of a national ASP strategy, adoption of ASPs in Saudi MOH hospitals remains low. Organisational barriers such as the lack of senior management support, lack of supportive IT infrastructure and the shortage of ASP team members hinder hospitals’ efforts to adopt ASPs. Further barriers relate to the lack of formal enforcement by MOH and the physicians fears of patients' complications and clinical liability. Patients admitted to Saudi hospitals lack knowledge and perceptions of AMR, and the adoption of ASPs may improve hospitals’ role in patients' education. Conclusions: Despite the established benefits of ASPs, their adoption in Saudi MOH hospitals remains low. Urgent action is needed to address the strategies priorities associated with AMR, including access to antimicrobials, antimicrobial stewardship and education and research. Policy makers are urged to consider making ASPs adoption in hospitals a regulatory requirement supported by national guidelines and surveillance programmes. It is essential to increase the provision of ID and infection control residency and training programmes to meet the extreme shortage of ID physicians, pharmacists, microbiologists and infection control practitioners. Higher education institutions and teaching hospitals are required to introduce antimicrobial prescribing and stewardship competencies into undergraduate Medical, Pharmacy, Dental, Nursing and Veterinary curriculum, as well as introduction of AMR topics in order to increase knowledge and awareness of ASPs and AMR. Collaboration between ASPs adopting and non-adopting hospitals is essential to share implementation experience, strategies and solutions to overcome barriers. Healthcare specialised associations are needed to be part of AMR conversation and guide healthcare professionals’ training and accreditation. Multiple stakeholders should be actively part of the conversations around tacking AMR. Primary care, secondary care, community pharmacies and policy makers should strive to create a shared culture of responsibility among all healthcare partners to improve antimicrobial therapy and reduce risks of AMR

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Watson, Brenda Ivy. "African American Pastors' Perspectives on Health Promotion Ministries". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3846.

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The centrality of the church in African American communities makes it a culturally compelling sponsor for health promotion activities targeting health disparities among the medically underserved. Pastoral support is critical in determining whether a church initiates or supports a health promotion agenda, but there is little understanding of the variables that influence this decision. The aim of the qualitative study was to investigate the perceptions of African American pastors regarding the decision to incorporate health promotion programs in their churches. This study was guided by the health belief model using a phenomenological approach. Data were collected using both semi-structured and open-ended interviews. Ten pastors of North Carolina African American churches, with and without health promotion ministries, were recruited for the study. Eight pastors agreed to participate in the study. They were interviewed, and interviews were recorded and transcribed. The data were open coded and analyzed. NVivo 11 was used to manage the data. Five themes emerged from the study: the importance of health promotion, pastor support of a health promotion program, pastor influence on individuals in the congregation, the health status of church members, and barriers and facilitators. Positive social change may be realized by using this information to increase the effectiveness of culturally sensitive health information and developing health education programs that specifically target the African American faith community. Information from this research could help guide public health agencies on how to approach health programming in this specific area and for this population.

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Shoopala, Anna-Liisa. "Design of a backend system to integrate health information systems – case study: ministry of health and social services (MoHSS)-Namibia". Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34011.

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Information systems are the key to institution organization and decision making. In the health care field, there is a lot of data flow, from the patient demographic information (through the electronic medical records), the patient's medication dispersal methods called pharmaceutical data, laboratory data to hospital organization information such bed allocation. Healthcare information system is a system that manages, store, transmit and display healthcare data. Most of the healthcare data in Namibia are unstructured, there is a heterogeneous environment in which different health information systems are distributed in different departments [1][2]. A lot of data is generated but never used in decision-making due to the fragmentation. The integration of these systems would create a flood of big data into a centralized database. With information technology and new generation networks becoming a called for innovations in every day's operations, the adaptations of accessing big data through information applications and systems in an integrated way will facilitate the performances of practical work in health care. The aim of this dissertation is to find a way in which these vertical Health Information System can be integrated into a unified system. A prototype of a back-end system is used to illustrate how the present healthcare systems that are in place with the Ministry of Health and Social Service facilities in Namibia, can be integrated to promote a more unified system usage. The system uses other prototypes of subsystems that represent the current systems to illustrate how they operate and, in the end, how the integration can improve service delivery in the ministry. The proposed system is expected to benefit the ministry in its daily operations as it enables instant authorized access to data without passing through middlemen. It will improve and preserve data integrity by eliminating multiple handling of data through a single data admission point. With one entry point to the systems, manual work will be reduced hence also reducing cost. Generally, it will ensure efficiency and then increase the quality of service provided.

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Swart, Norman Carl. "The Relationship between Symptom Burden, and Health-Related Quality of Life among Adult Cancer Patients in Botswana". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case154392872782162.

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Young, Marie Elizabeth Magdalena. "Stress management through therapeutic recreation in the Botswana Defence Force". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40276.

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Military staff are repeatedly exposed to stressful and unpleasant traumatic life events. These can cause psychological injury, leading to mental and emotional stress. The stigma of mental health problems in military settings runs deeper than in civil society. Being admitted with mental health problems while serving can be a career stopper, but at times can also be associated with cowardice or malingering. It is the primary responsibility of the military to maintain and promote high military/combat readiness among staff. The change in focus of modern military forces, such as the Botswana Defence Force (BDF), with units being deployed more often, places greater demands on troops. Such operations call for increased training exercises, planning sessions and equipment inspections. Training emphasizes discipline and integrity as the core values of the BDF. These form a foundation for healthy and successful coping strategies. The morale of employees is the starting point for measuring their wellness. Morale in the military is embedded in the fitness programs. These are biased towards military training, creating physical fitness, mental alertness and the qualities of military preparedness. The programs are normally involuntary, mandated through the commander, and form part of a soldier‘s military duties. Military recreation, morale and welfare programs were introduced as a way to provide soldiers with the opportunity to relax and rejuvenate. Recreation serves as a powerful tool for achieving an optimal experience, motivating people to change and improve their health and wellness. The problem identified for this study was that members of the BDF were exposed to situations in a military context, as well as in their personal lives, which caused stress. It was postulated that BDF members had little knowledge or the resources to utilize appropriate recreation-related coping strategies. The study aimed primarily to explore the use of sport and recreation activities in military settings as means to reduce and manage stress. To achieve this goal, it was necessary first to determine the current sport and recreation participation of BDF staff members, then to assess their existing stress levels, their overall psychological well-being, and any dysfunctional behaviours resulting from stress. On the basis of these findings, a Therapeutic Recreation Stress Management Intervention Model was proposed, designed to reduce stress and promote the psychological well-being of BDF members. A survey was carried out using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the collected data, offering a basic description of the data through frequency distributions, measures of central tendency, variances and relationships. Inferential statistics were used to draw conclusions from the data collected, giving the various factors. The results revealed that the BDF was a male-dominated institution, recruiting soldiers between the ages of 18 and 44, most of whom had some level of education. Most of the staff members came from the lower ranks and had experienced one or more deployments since being recruited into the military. The results further indicated that BDF staff members participated in sport and recreation activities, reflecting an active and healthy lifestyle, with satisfactory levels of involvement. Analysis of stress responses revealed that members experienced stress and that this was related not just to operational or non-operational military stressors but also to personal stressors resulting from their social, financial or emotional conditions. Members of the BDF did not receive the necessary social support from family members and friends to cope with these stressors. The findings on stress in relation to sport and recreation participation revealed that BDF members were intrinsically motivated to embrace healthy lifestyles which could contribute to lower levels of stress. This could even lead to a decrease in stress, supporting the literature which indicates that engaging in physical activities, as part of living a healthy lifestyle, might lead to a reduction in stress levels. The results on the stress-coping measures used by BDF members revealed that recreation activities were deliberately used to cope with stress. Although physical exercise was used as a way of coping with stress, sedentary recreation activities were more prevalent among BDF members. Positive stress-coping measures were adopted by respondents, contrary to the findings of previous studies which indicated that military staff adopted dysfunctional behaviour as a coping measure (e.g. excessive drinking) that formed part of the military culture. The stress-coping abilities of BDF members differed in terms of personal and military demographics from those of previous studies, posting a new contribution to military literature. The results further revealed that BDF members were not sufficiently skilled in coping with stress during military training. This study concluded that the Botswana Defence Force is no different from other military forces, experiencing operational and non-operational stress, as well as personal stress, which need to be addressed. Recommendations were made for further research on stress in military contexts and further guidelines were suggested to the BDF on the use of sport and recreation, together with more specific therapeutic recreation, as ways to reduce stress. A Therapeutic Recreation Stress Management Intervention Model was recommended for further testing in the BDF, as well as in other military forces.
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences
unrestricted

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Damanhouri, Amal Mohammed Sheikh. "Considering total quality management in Ministry of Health hospitals in Jeddah City in Saudi Arabia". Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/98dc854f-2337-435d-a669-ef11d212ad15.

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This study investigates Total Quality Management in the Ministry of Health hospitals in Jeddah in Saudi Arabia as a method of continuous improvement in health services. The objective of the study is to determine the concept of quality, the characteristics of a quality system and the definition and importance of Total Quality Management. The hypotheses are based on the assumption that there are standards and indicators for quality in health services; that current quality plans lead to improving quality and the hospitals are applying Total Quality Management factors. These include commitment of top management to Total Quality Management, customer satisfaction, improvements in the process, changes in the culture, human resources management, containing the costs of quality and the use Total Quality Management tools. The theoretical chapters include the outline of the study, the health services in KSA; quality in health services; Total Quality Management and its factors in health services; how it could be applied in hospitals especially in the public hospitals; the critiques of Total Quality Management regarding theory and practice, in the public and private sectors and the problems that may be found in its application. The study was based on two questionnaire surveys dealing with patients and employees in the hospitals and the interviews with the managers of Total Quality Management departments. The results concluded that there are many factors that determine the concept of quality, and the definition of Total Quality Management. The characteristics of a traditional quality management system are still used and there is a need to implement a more comprehensive quality system such as Total Quality Management in hospitals in Jeddah. Also, the study concluded that most hospitals have not quality standards and indicators, just two plans have an effect on improving quality (plans relating to human resources management and culture environment)and there was a weakness in the application of the elements of Total Quality Management in hospitals. The elements relating to the top management are lower than expected, such as mission, vision, values and objectives of Total Quality Management. The level of health services quality does not meet the patients’ requirements and achieve employee’s satisfaction. The elements relating to the process of health services are lower than expected, such as systems and explicit work methods. T he cultural environment in hospitals does not contribute to the achievement of the provision of a proper work environment for the programmes of Total Quality Management such as factors related to organizational environment, decision-making, prevention and information. There was a lack of human resources management in the implementation of Total Quality Management programmes in the variables related to the employees’ competence, involvement, teamwork, communication and system. Finally, Total Quality Management tools do not contribute to improving the quality of health services. There is a need for further study relating to quality costs. Also studies will need to carry out research of other dependent variables that are not included in the model suggested in the study related to the top management commitment, cultural environment and human resources management.

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Jamu, Styn Mosai Herbut. "Systems approach to managing chronic occupational respiratory disorders| Shared path for improving the pneumoconiosis screening program for South African ex-miners in Botswana". Thesis, Central Michigan University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10090096.

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Pneumoconiosis is a chronic and slowly progressive parenchymal lung disease. Estimates suggest that about 68,000 ex-miners in Botswana will develop or have already developed pneumoconiosis. However, most of these cases do not know they have the disease because of the poor quality of care in primary healthcare settings and weak implementation of the Occupational Diseases in the Mines and Works (ODMW) Act.

This dissertation was a health service research framed from the systems approach using the chronic care model as a theoretical tool. The study employed a concurrent, convergent parallel mixed method research which combined quantitative and qualitative methods of inquiry. The quantitative arm of the study evaluated whether the Botswana primary care settings meet ‘reasonably good standards’ of the pneumoconiosis quality of care measured on the chronic care model. The chronic care model measures quality of care on a 0 to 11 scale, where “0” denotes lack of quality care and “11” stands for optimal quality of care. Reasonably good quality of care comprises scores between 6 and 8 on the scale. The qualitative arm of the study assessed the implementation of the ODMW Act in the Botswana primary healthcare settings. The study mixed quantitative and qualitative results at the interpretation stage to determine the extent to which quality of care for pneumoconiosis and the ODMW Act implementation promote equitable access to pneumoconiosis services among ex-miners in Botswana. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)

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Okore, Ogbonnaya. "The Use of health promotion to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening program in Nyangabgwe Hospital, Botswana". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/462.

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Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011.
BACKGROUND: In Botswana, cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women (18), and the Southern Africa regional prevalence rate of cervical cancer is 15.5% (25). In Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital, cervical cancer is the most common malignancy admitted in the gynecology ward, contributing 73% and 78% of all malignancy admissions in 2007 and 2008 respectively. It is estimated that 200,000 to 300,000 women die from cervical cancer every year, mostly in poor countries (1). The study intends to create more awareness on the importance cervical cancer screening in Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital and catchment areas. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to improve the uptake of cervical cancer screening by integrating a health promotion component to the standard program. Methods: The study was an interventional quantitative research. Two populations were selected for the study namely women attending Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital and the clinics in Francistown (the research group) and women attending Princess Marina Hospital (the control group). The population of women attending Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital was exposed to health promotion. The second population of women attending Princess Marina Hospital was unexposed to the health promotion intervention. A pre-test quantitative trend of cervical cancer screening patterns was collected from June to September 2009 in the health facilities before the intervention from October 2009 to January 2010. Intervention was conducted in the study sites and was followed by a post - test quantitative measure of cervical cancer screening trends in both the research group and the control groups. Instruments for the health promotion were; flyers with translations in English and Setswana given to participants, posters which were posted at various strategic positions in the hospital and as well as in female wards. The population of study was all women attending Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital and its catchment clinics (the study site). Interactive health education sessions were provided to the population. Questionnaires which had Setswana translation were administered to respondents who were screened for cervical cancer in the study and control sites. Results: The analysis of finding revealed that the total uptake of Pap smear test was higher during the period of intervention than in the pre-intervention period in all the sites and for all the age groups. Among the health promotion activities, the effect of health education talks in the hospital and clinics was greater (67%), than the effects of flyer or pamphlets (35%) and posters in hospitals and clinics (17%) in escalating uptakes of cervical cancer screening services. Conclusions: The standard cervical cancer screening program alone as designed and executed by health care workers is not enough to stimulate the desired response of increase access to cervical cancer screening services, because many women usually are left out. Recommendations: The study results call for the need of instituting a visible and accountable comprehensive health promotion component to the standard cervical cancer screening program in order to sustain a steady cervical cancer screening uptake that will result in the expected decline in morbidity and mortality due to cervical cancer disease.

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Ketshabile, Lisbon Simeon. "The impact of HIV/AIDS on the socio-economic environment in Botswana with special reference to tourism". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1624.

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Thesis (DTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010
Purpose: Botswana is one of the countries with the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in the world. This research aims to investigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on the socio-economic environment in Botswana with special reference to the country’s tourism sector. Tourism plays a vital role in the economy of Botswana. It creates employment, earns foreign exchange, markets Botswana internationally, attracts foreign investments and contributes to Gross Domestic Products (GDP).Methodology: This report explains the HIV/AIDS situation and policy framework relative to the tourism sector in Botswana and in selected African countries through conducting an extensive literature review and empirical surveys. This is a quantitative research in which non-probability method is used to indentify the respondents. Here tourism general managers are identified and asked to identify their subordinates who are available and willing to participate in the survey by answering a self-administered questionnaire.Findings: This study indicates that HIV/AIDS threatens the Botswana tourism and the viability of the socio-economic factors. In general, the Southern African region is experiencing the highest rate of HIV infection in the world. The infection rate is particularly high among the young people (aged 15 – 49). This age group constitutes people who are economically active, and a number of them work directly or indirectly in the tourism sector. HIV/AIDS kills the economically active population – people who hold the skills, do the work, pay taxes, raise children, vote in the elections, and provide leadership. HIV/AIDS results in increased mortality and morbidity rates, and it also results in increased health expenditure. It also results in increased poverty level in the country.Practical implications: When observing the prevalence and impact of HIV/AIDS not only in the tourism sector but in general, it becomes evident that the fight against the disease should be a collaborative approach involving various sectors including tourism. Relying only on government and health sector to address the complex and systematic impact of HIV/AIDS cannot effectively combat the disease and its prevalence rate.Originality/value: This report analyses HIV/AIDS situation in Botswana in a creative way, contributing to the understanding of its impacts on the socio-economic environment as well as identifying strategies that can be used in addressing the impacts. This research is important for public policy makers, government officials, and tourism role-players to be aware of implications HIV/AIDS has on the socio-economic environment and take them into consideration in the policy formulation and implementation, business strategies and processes. It is also imperative to academics who would like to expand their knowledge on HIV/AIDS.

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Scott, Elizabeth J. C. "The influence of the staff of the Ministry of Health on policies for nursing 1919-1968". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318208.

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This thesis examines the role and influence of the administrative Civil Service on the development of policies on nursing and the role played by the nurses employed on the staff of the Ministry of Health. The period studied is the life time of the Ministry of Health, 1919- 1968. Throughout this period nurses were employed within the Ministry in various types of advisory roles. It was also a period when Ministers of Health, and consequently their Civil Servants, had legislative responsibilities and policy interests in the adequate provision of nursing services in hospital and public health services. - The main hypothesis addressed here is that throughout this period, the administrative Civil Service demonstrated a more constructive and realistic view of nursing and of the conthbution made by nurses to the delivery of health care services than the profession's own representatives and leaders. During this period there were five nursing issues which appeared as matters of concern to the Ministry, and while these issues were of concern to central government they could also have been expected to be of central importance to the nursing profession. These issues were nurse registration, recruitment, remuneration, education and training and management and they provide common themes running through this thesis. The study is presented in chronological order and these issues provide the subject context and illustrations of how decisions, on nursing issues, were taken in the Ministry of Health. Some historians and commentators have suggested that the nursing profession was curtailed in what it wanted to achieve for their profession by the Civil Service and the medical profession. In this thesis a contrary conclusion is drawn. Nursing appears as a leaderless profession, lacking any sense of cohesiveness, political awareness or assertiveness and consequently unable to exploit the available opportunities and political support to establish a voice for nursing in the formulation of health policies or in the distribution of resources. While the representatives and leaders of nursing were protecting professional boundaries it was the administrative civil servants who became involved in forward looking debates on the delivery of services and standard of nursing care.

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Ramos, Juan Manuel HernaÌndez. "Health care for the poor in Mexico : which is more efficient and effective, the social security system or the Ministry of Health?" Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250363.

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Johnston, William D. "Equipping selected members of the First Baptist Church of Alabaster, Alabama to lead a wellness ministry". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.

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Bujang, Fatimah binti. "Implementation of the modified budgeting system in the Malaysian Ministry of Health, with special reference to Sarawak General Hospital". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307952.

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This research was originally planned to study the implementation of the Modified Budgeting System (MBS) in hospitals in the Malaysian Ministry of Health, but as it turned out from the results of the intensive case study in the Sarawak General Hospital in 1994, MBS had not been implemented in the way intended by its architects. Thus, what has been observed is not an exercise in the implementation of a fixed technology known as Modified Budgeting System, but is a process of discovery of what MBS means and construction of what MBS can become. This research, therefore, analyses the processes involved in fabricating a form of responsibility accounting system in the Malaysian Ministry of Health. The Malaysian Federal Treasury introduced MBS in 1990 as part of a pilot project to effect changes and improvements to the management of resource allocation. The newly introduced MBS is a government-mandated budgetary reform and the Ministry of Health was selected as a pilot agency to implement the reform. This study analyses not only the outcome of the project but how it was implemented (or faced resistance), and also examines how ready the Ministry of Health was to accept the challenge of implementing a devolved budgeting system. The study is considered as important not only to the Malaysian Federal Government but also in terms of its contribution to the academic literature on budgeting in developing countries. No other study is known to have been attempted to investigate how MBS operates in practice in the Malaysian Ministry of Health or in any other organization in Malaysia that uses MBS. The research methods used were semi-structured interviews, reference to documentary materials, attending MBS workshops, attending management meetings and non-participant observation.

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Mogotsi, Barulaganye Jones. "Implementation of local agenda 21's education, awareness and training component : a case study of Gaborone /". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/508/.

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Hwara, Albert Hillary. "Motivation, job satisfaction and attitudes of nurses in the public health services of Botswana". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3084.

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The aim of the study was to investigate motivation, job satisfaction and attitudes of nurses in the public health services of Botswana. The objective was to discover how nurses felt about a wide range of variables in their work environment and ultimately to distil them into what they conceived as the mainstay motivators, job satisfiers and positive attitudes. The non pariel (unrivalled, unique) role of the government in creating both the hardware and the software of national health services was acknowledged and recognised with a particular reference to the primacy it placed on developing the human resources in the form of nurses, in order to realize the goals of administering the public health services efficiently and effectively. It was noted that nurses were the change agents and the axis in promoting quality standards of healthcare but in partnership with the government, which must be seen to be responsive and proactive in discharging its fiduciary responsibilities, in respect of both the content and the context of nurses’ occupational ambience. For the purposes of constructing a database from which both the government and the nurses can draw, the most salient thematic details of the theories of motivation, job satisfaction and attitudes were studied and examined and were used as a scaffolding for the empirical survey of nurses. Nine hundred questionnaires were distributed to both registered and enrolled nurses with a minimum of two years work experience in the public health sector and 702 of these were returned constituting a return rate of 78%. The findings indicated that a majority of nurses enjoyed job satisfaction in certain areas of their work namely autonomy, participating in decision-making, choice of type of nursing, change of wards or departments or work units, interpersonal relationships amongst nurses themselves and between nurses and their supervisors. Nurses also perceived the hospital as an environment in which they could continually learn and they were moreover satisfied with the nursing job or the work itself. The other end of the spectrum revealed an overwhelming majority of 92.2% of nurses who were dissatisfied with the level of pay and 88.5% who were not happy with the fringe benefits including the provision of accommodation. Working conditions were viewed as generally disliked by 67.3% of the nurses. Low pay, workload, lack of viii recognition for outstanding performance and or delayed promotional chances were singled out as being particularly disliked by 67.2%, 64.9%, 42.6% and 44.4% of the nurses respectively. Interviews held with 31 nurses yielded similar results. The research further showed that the most important motivators to nurses were dominated by competitive salary which was mentioned by 80.9% of the respondents, attractive or sufficient working conditions which were stated by 71.2% of the nurses, opportunity for continuous education which was rated by 63.8% of the nursing candidates, reduced workload which was claimed by 59.3% of the nursing cadres, opportunity for the recognition of outstanding performance and opportunity for promotion which were scored by 54.1% and 53.4% of the nurse respectively. Job satisfiers were also represented by competitive salary which received 76.1% of the nurses’ votes. Risk allowance occupied the second position with 69.1% and competitive working conditions were awarded a third ranking by 68.2% of the nurses. Those nurses who derived job satisfaction from the fact of each nursing shift being manned by an adequate number of nurses accounted for 63.1% of the sample. Competitive fringe benefits attracted 60.1% of the nurses. Opportunity to attend workshops and the need for high morale in nursing team-work were chosen as job satisfiers by 53.7% and 49.6% of the nurses respectively. In the section on recommendations the government was exhorted to invoke corrective or remedial measures in view of the detailed exegesis of the satisfactions and dissatisfactions in the nurses’ work environment and the ensuing problematique (doubtful, questionable) of raising the standards of health care in the public health services. Living up to these sanguine expectations should be the cherished longterm vision of the government if it is to meet and quench the soaring aspirations of its modernizing society for quality health care delivery and the escalating needs of the nurses.
Public Administration
D.P.A.

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Manyeneng, W. G. "Nursing leadership : its impact on the role of village health committees". Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18118.

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Mukono, Kopana C. "Effectiveness of performance management system in the Ministry of Trade and Industry, Botswana / Kopana C. Mukono". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15794.

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The aim of this study is to explore the challenges in the implementation of a performance management system in the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI), Botswana, achievements, as well as the limitations thereof. The researcher employed a mixed method approach whereby both the qualitative and quantitative designs were used. The quantitative approach using a schedule of predetermined questions utilized focus group discussions with the senior management teams while the quantitative data was collected by the use of a questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions. The sampling frame was the employees of the MTI. Both stratified random sampling and proportional sampling were used to ensure homogeneity and fair population representation. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for analyzing quantitative data while the qualitative data was grouped into themes which were then embedded in the quantitative data for analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the MTI does implement the performance management system although there are some challenges such as flawed measures, brain drain and limited resources to mention a few. The study concludes with the propositions that the outcome is not clearly defined and that PMS is not customer focused and therefore needs to be tested.
Thesis (M.Com.(Economics) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2010

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Maruapula, Segametsi Ditshebo. "Health and nutrition of the elderly in Botswana /". 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3242932.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: B, page: 6317. Adviser: Karen Chapman-Novakofski. Includes bibliographical references. Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

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