Tesis: "Bourdieu´s social theory"

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Persson, Mikaela. ""It's like going fishing without a fishing-net" : a study on how students in Tanzania perceive the transition of language of instruction from Kiswahili to English". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-11873.

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The purpose of this study is to contribute to previous research on the subject of language transition in Tanzania. The aim is also that the information gained in this study can be used to improve students' prospects when they undergo the linguistic transition from primary school to secondary school. This is a qualitative study with quantitative elements, using method triangulation, which examines how students experience the linguistic transition from Kiswahili to English and how it affects them. The study also highlights the students' own opinions about which language they would prefer as the language of instruction in secondary school. Relevant information about the history of Tanzania and the linguistic situation in the country are outlined. Previous research on the subject is also presented. The two theories that are used are Bourdieu’s social theory and Said's theory of Orientalism. The study uses focus groups and surveys in oder to answer the questions at hand. The research itself is conducted in two government schools in Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. The three questions at issue are as follows: Do the students feel that they have sufficient knowledge of English in order to be ready for the transition of the language of instruction from Kiswahili to English in secondary school? How do the students perceive that the transition of languages affects their performance in school and in their future? If the students had the opportunity to choose, which language would they prefer as the language of instruction in Secondary school in Tanzania? The conclusions are that the students feel that the linguistic transition is difficult and that they lack sufficient knowledge of English. Although several of the students struggle with the vocabulary and the pronunciation, they feel that English is the path to higher education and a good job. These are contributing factors to the fact that the majority of the students prefer English as their language of instruction in secondary school, to their own national language, Kiswahili.

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Armstrong, Karen Social Sciences &amp International Studies Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "A study of social change in Saharawi refugee camps: democracy, education and women??s rights". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Social Sciences & International Studies, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42152.

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Refugee studies often focus on the devastating effects forced migration can have on a refugee population, both mentally and physically. This research investigates the case of Saharawis living in refugee camps in south-west Algeria and the social change experienced over 30 years. The method was a case study with qualitative interviews supported with secondary data. The Saharawis went through a period of positive social change, to some a revolution, while living in the refugee camps. The empirical study identifies three theme areas; Education, Women??s rights and Democracy. These circumstances are unlike many other refugee studies, thus providing what may be a unique case of positive social change. The case demonstrates how forced migration of a population may not just be a destructive process, but instead has the potential to reconstruct a society. Theories of social change and unanticipated outcomes are explored. Utilising the theories of Bourdieu and Merton, it is proposed that the Saharawi refugee experience is the unanticipated outcome of forced migration. This thesis explores commonalities and differences between Bourdieu??s study of the Kabyle population, and whether his theory of habitus is applicable. Bourdieu??s theories, heavily criticised for being too structuralist, show their limitations when dealing with positive social change. Bourdieu??s approach can suggest that it is inevitable for refugee populations to spiral into despair. The Saharawi case challenges these presumptions and highlights that neither sociologists nor populations should exclude the possibility of unexpected outcomes. Unanticipated outcomes are an acknowledgement of social change and the fact that at its heart no one can predict the future.

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Pudsey, Jason, of Western Sydney Nepean University y Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. "The limits of reflexivity: a Weberian critique of the work of Pierre Bourdieu". THESIS_FHSS_XXX_Pudsey_J.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/128.

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This thesis contributes to discussion surrounding the importance of reflexivity in social theory and sociology by illustrating some of the paradoxes involved in the development of a reflexive social science. It does this by focusing on the work of Pierre Bourdieu, arguably the main advocate of relexive sociology. It is argued that Bourdieu's emphasis on a 'science of practices' limits his ability to be completely relexive because it excludes moral reflexivity. This is ironic, given that Bourdieu believes that reflexivity increases scientificity. The thesis argues that Max Weber's work on religious rationalisation offers an insightful understanding of these paradoxes. His work reveals how and why Modernity witnessed a separation and tension between moral reflexivity and epistemological reflexivity. It also reveals, despite Weber's best efforts to do so, that such a paradoxical tension cannot be overcome. The thesis uses these insights to show the dilemmas and tensions facing any relexive sociology
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Fogle, Nikolaus. "Social Space and Physical Space: Pierre Bourdieu's Field Theory as a Model for the Social Dynamics of the Built Environment". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/40829.

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Philosophy
Ph.D.
The notion of social space or field is a central but under-studied category in the philosopher and sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice. The present study of social space is introduced with a contextual account of spatial models in the social sciences prior to Bourdieu that highlights the aptitude for relational spatial models to capture complex social phenomena. It then demonstrates how social space, as an empirically robust and epistemologically intuitive social-scientific model, facilitates the objective representation as well as the subjective understanding of social phenomena. The central thesis is that Bourdieu's reflexive sociology operates in large part by a multiform engagement with the (intuitive or conceptual, but always constructed) apprehension of space, an interpretation that suggests the integration of both physical and social spaces in a unified explanatory framework. A dialectical understanding of the relations between social space and physical space, drawn from the logic of Bourdieu's social theory, is argued for. This philosophical extension of Bourdieu's work is then applied to phenomena in which the reproduction of structures in social space is carried out in and through physical space, and vice versa. Two case studies, the first of office tower districts in contemporary cities and the second of deconstructionist architecture, reveal interactions between social organization and the built environment. The case studies, taken together, also demonstrate the virtue, inherent to a Bourdieuian approach, of explaining both the trends of relative stability and the instances of radical change that are observed in social phenomena.
Temple University--Theses

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Kane, Maurice J. y n/a. "New Zealand�s adventure culture : In Hillary�s steps : a Bourdieusian exploration". University of Otago. Department of Tourism, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090422.141858.

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Historically adventure has been associated with successful, yet, dangerous endeavours that expand the knowledge, wealth, reputation, or safety of society. Previous research would suggest that the practices and stories of adventure have guided and benchmarked societal morals and ideas considered common �truths�. In New Zealand, society�s understandings of adventure are entwined with a mythologised cultural identity based on the egalitarian minded and physically active, outdoor pioneering male. These ideals were complimented and presented as a global representation of New Zealand by Sir Edmund Hillary�s successful climb of Mount Everest in 1953. The purpose of this thesis is to examine New Zealand�s understandings of adventure since 1953. The thesis centres its enquiry on a group of individuals who have obtained social distinction as adventurers, seeking to scrutinize in their adventure practice and narratives, adventure understandings that are legitimised or invalidated. Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu�s theoretical concepts guide the enquiry approach. Bourdieu sought to transcend the false antinomy of sociology that presented dualist perspectives, such as the individual and society, conceptualising all practice in a dynamic matrix of relational social space. The individuals with distinction as adventurers personify the socially recognised and valued features of adventure. Equally, however, an amalgamation of features does not infer a definitive understanding. The substance of understandings, Bourdieu suggests, is in the relational strategies, consistencies, transformations, and knowing misrecognitions that frame the features of a practice in a social space. The research process adopted to examine the adventure understandings was a biographical narrative approach. The contention of this approach being, that in stories of life experience individuals with adventure distinction construct self and social meaning. The published autobiographical adventure narratives, media interviews, and related accounts of 12 New Zealand adventurers provided the initial research material. Additionally, nine of the adventurers took part in research interviews. The interpretation of the research material was framed by three of Bourdieu�s prominent conceptual ideas; the development of �habitus�, the struggle for �capital� in the field of adventre and the legitimacy of �distinction�. This interpretation was facilitated by theories related to adventure and leisure practice, the risks and contexts of adventure, and to individual, subcultural, and social identity. By applying a Bourdieusian lens on the practice and narratives of New Zealand adventurers with distinction, this thesis illuminates new aspects of New Zealand�s cultural understandings of adventure. It revealed a contested and relational struggle to have some practices legitimised as adventure and others devalued as contrived common thrills, or fortuitously survived reckless epics. A practice that typifies the thrill spectrum is �Bungy Jumping�, the contemporary global representation of adventure in New Zealand. In regard of epic practices, topical through the period of adventure interviews was the 2004 motion picture �Touching the Void�. Although this involved English climbers in South America in the 1980s, it has retained global prominence as a modern adventure/survival epic. The interpretation of this contested adventure space details the valued and recognised features that construct New Zealand�s understandings of adventure. The findings also provide an empirical basis for the equally valued misrepresented adventure understandings related to injury, exclusivity, and normalisation of practice. Additionally, the research interpretation indicates the potential for transformation of adventure understandings. Finally, although the study is situated within a specific social and historical context, it contributes to the on-going exchange of meanings about adventure, especially in relation to outdoor practice, in contemporary society.

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Henriques, Hugo Rezende. "A legitimidade e o fundamento de autoridade do Direito na perspectiva sociológica de Pierre Bourdieu". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/107/107131/tde-12072017-164117/.

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No Estado moderno se, por um lado, parece intrínseca a uma ordem jurídica a sua pretensão coercitiva em relação aos diferentes aspectos da vida social, resta evidente que tal ordem deve ser dotada de um atributo de autoridade que lhe garanta primazia em relação a outras ordens (morais, religiosas, pessoais), para que se justifique dotá-la de atributos tão singulares como a coercitividade. A essa autoridade, contudo, no contexto democrático - mais especificamente no contexto do Estado Democrático de Direito contemporâneo - cumpre dotar-se de uma legitimidade ou, ao menos, uma aparência de legitimidade suficiente para imprimir efetividade àquela autoridade. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho busca redefinir, a partir da perspectiva bourdieuniana, a percepção dos principais argumentos de legitimidade e autoridade do Direito - visto não só enquanto ordenamento jurídico, mas principalmente a partir de sua produção no ambiente legislativo, tantas vezes ignorada pela doutrina jurídica que habitualmente toma o direito posto, já legislado, como ponto de partida, neutralizando as disputas do subcampo legislativo e ignorando, em ampla medida, a questão da legitimidade da produção normativa. A pesquisa demonstra, a partir da perspectiva da Teoria da Reprodução Social de Bourdieu & Passeron (1992) que coloca em cheque toda legitimidade, que é aqui vista como mero efeito de uma autoridade, como a própria democracia é um conceito em disputa, e que a legitimidade das ações legislativas, bem como a dos próprios agentes legislativos não pode ser pressuposta.
If, in modern State, the coercive pretension seems intrinsic to the legal order in respect to all the different aspects of social life, it is also evident that such an order must have an authority which guarantees its primacy over other (such as moral, religious or personal orders), so that we are able to justify its singular attributes. To this authority, however, in the democratic context of contemporary State (under the Rule of Law), we must also have at least a notion of legitimacy, enough to give effectiveness to that authority. In this context, the present work seeks to redefine, from the perspective of Bourdieu\'s theory, the perception of the main arguments to law\'s legitimacy and authority - especially in aspects of the legislative work, usually overseen by juridical doctrine that takes law for granted, neutralizing the disputes in legislative field and ignoring to some extent the different critics to legislative legitimacy. Our research demonstrates, from the perspective of the Social Reproduction Theory, developed by Bourdieu & Passeron (1992) and which questions all legitimacy, seen as mere effect of authority, how democracy itself is a concept in dispute, and that the legitimacy of the legislative actions, and that of its agents, can\'t be taken for granted.

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Campbell, Christopher. "Designing Theory: Social Space(s) in the Fiction of Georges Perec". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377869529.

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Bungart, Stefan. "Organisations as social systems : a study into the necessary systemic conditions for the occurrence of 'social resonance' to ecological issues in organisations". Thesis, Coventry University, 1999. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/bed42cb2-9552-4631-bd99-9c109f4c061f/1.

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Organisational research in English-speaking countries has long been focused on two main areas. Studies on micro-level have been concerned with the socio-psychological explanation of organisational phenomena, mostly on the level of the individual and groups. Macro-level studies have been concerned with structure for the explanation of organisational phenomena. Macro-level theories have mostly bracketed the individual, and neglected the psychological component or regarded the individual as an actor playing roles. Only recently has the study of organisations been extended to attempt a meso-level analysis of organisational phenomena (Rousseau 1991, 1995). These meso-level attempts have, in the eyes of the author, run into explanatory problems. These problems are mainly due to the 'new' approach being based principally on existing macro-and micro-level theory, merely marrying the two approaches and thus inheriting the apparent difficulties of the existing theory to account for the individual. Althusser and Levi-Strauss are prominent representatives of both micro-and macro-level theory. This author agrees with the notion that organisational research benefits from a meso-level approach to organisational theory. It is in the light of this approach that the author turned to a widely unknown source of theory (in the English-speaking countries) to address the existing explanatory problems in organisational research and contribute so to the field. The underlying fundamental belief of the author is that any institution can be more successfully understood in the sociological context that defines the institution. Introducing the metaphor of 'social resonance' and linking it to the social theory of Pierre Bourdieu, especially the notion of agents and fields, the author attempts to cross-fertilise the academic fields of sociological research in mainland Europe (namely France and Germany with their strong philosophical tradition) with the academic fields of organisational research in the English-speaking countries (namely Britain and the US). This thesis will discuss the organisational research literature and social theory, introduce Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice, develop the metaphor of 'social resonance', and test the new construct in an empirical research setting. The main objective of this study is thus to explore the value of Bourdieu's theory of practice for the explanation of organisational phenomena, and to operationalise it in the metaphor of 'social resonance'. To this end, a research framework has been developed which is explained in more detail in this report.

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Ostrowski, Marius Sebastian Jacek. "Twilight of the pollsters : a social theory of mass opinion in late modernity". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8e7a203a-1ca6-4b26-a882-2e490e2d52b0.

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This thesis examines how the occupations people hold, and the social classes in which they are situated, affect the way in which they form and express opinions. At a theoretical level, it unites the 'deep-structure' macroanalysis of social theory with the individualised microanalysis of how subjects form and express opinions in opinion research, reviving an approach that has not been pursued since early-20th-century social research. At a practical level, it responds to several recent and prominent failures of prediction by the opinion polling industry, and asks whether a broader understanding of 'mass opinion' can help avert such failures in future. The thesis argues that opinions are subjects' judgments about their social conditions, based on mental pictures they have of these conditions that combine the values and attitudes they hold with the information they have about their environment. Subjects form opinions based on these pictures via three 'means of thinking'-personality-traits, emotions, and reason-and express them using two kinds of 'means of articulation'-bodily organs and media. The thesis shows how the variety of occupations subjects hold, and the extremity of class differentials between them, introduce substantial plurality into their values and attitudes, the way they acquire information, how they think, and how they articulate themselves. In particular, it highlights the considerable asymmetries between higher- and lower-class subjects regarding: which parts of their social conditions they are experts about, and how far they are influenced by others; whether they think about their conditions more emotionally or with reasoning; and how great a range and quality of opportunities they have to articulate their views. The thesis closes by suggesting that these findings offer opinion researchers and social theorists clear directions for measuring 'mass opinion' in new ways, and potentially emancipating the voices of subjects whose opinions are suppressed in late-modern society.

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Silva, Fabrina Moreira. "A trans-historicidade do conhecimento científico na crítica socioepistemológica da ciência, de Pierre Bourdieu". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20128.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This thesis aims to investigate to what extent the concept of transhistoricity of scientific knowledge, according to Pierre Bourdieu, reverberates the presence of the philosophy of science on the occasion of the last course taught by him, entitled Science de la science et reflexivité, at the Collège de France in the university year 2000-2001. Bourdieu synthesizes, in this last course, the epistemological foundations of sociology and takes them as object of study, thus making a science of science. Avoiding the totalizing pretensions, Bourdieu proposes the concepts of habitus and field, elaborating a closed system of concepts that allows him the scientific self-reflexivity, specifically applied to the sociology. Assuming the French theoretical epistemological line of Bachelardian tradition, Bourdieu affirms that the scientific knowledge is transhistorical, that is to say, a social construct that has managed to make its transhistorical truth. Transhistoricity implies questioning the ways in which science is made, and this questioning is the central problem that P. Bourdieu's critical reflexivity takes as his starting point for his investigation of the production of scientific knowledge. Epistemological vigilance is the guarantee of the scientificity of sociology; it is certainty of the method appropriate to the specificities of the object, in this case the production of sociological knowledge. The thesis that underlies the problem investigated by Bourdieu in his last course - in what way does science produce transhistoric knowledge? – is evidence of the presence of a thinker, whose analyses reaches a wide spectrum of themes, however, it is in the game of the scientific field with the scientific habitus that is, if and only if, it is possible to speak of transhistoricity of scientific knowledge. This scheme Concept of analysis demonstrates the always present reflexivity in scientific practice
Nesta tese, objetiva-se investigar em que medida o conceito de trans-historicidade do conhecimento científico, segundo Pierre Bourdieu, reverbera a presença da filosofia da ciência, na ocasião do último curso ministrado por ele, intitulado Science de La science et reflexivité, no Collège de France no ano universitário 2000-2001. Bourdieu sintetiza, nesse último curso, os fundamentos epistemológicos da sociologia e os toma como objeto de estudo, fazendo assim uma ciência da ciência. Evitando as pretensões totalizantes, propõe os conceitos de habitus e de campo, elaborando um sistema de conceitos fechado que lhe permite a autorreflexidade científica, em específico aplicado à sociologia. Assumindo a linha teórica epistemológica francesa de tradição bachelardiana, Bourdieu afirma que o conhecimento científico é trans-histórico, ou seja, um constructo social que conseguiu tornar sua verdade trans-histórica. A trans-historicidade implica questionar os modos como se faz ciência, e esse questionamento constitui o problema central que a reflexividade crítica de P. Bourdieu toma como ponto de partida para a sua investigação acerca da produção do conhecimento científico. A vigilância epistemológica é a garantia de cientificidade da sociologia, é certeza do método adequado às especificidades do objeto, no caso a produção do conhecimento sociológico. A tese que subjaz no problema investigado por Bourdieu em seu último curso – De que modo a ciência produz conhecimentos trans-históricos? – evidencia a presença de um pensador cujas análises alcançam um espectro amplo de temas; entretanto, é no jogo do campo científico, com o habitus científico que, se e somente se, torna-se possível falar de trans-historicidade do conhecimento científico. Esse esquema conceitual de análise demonstra a reflexividade sempre presente na prática científica

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Feres, Glória Georges [UNESP]. "A pós-graduação em Ensino de Ciências no Brasil: uma leitura a partir da teoria de Bourdieu". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102050.

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Buscou-se identificar origens, evolução, tendências e perspectivas da pós-graduação em Ensino de Ciências no Brasil para contribuir com a visibilidade da sua constituição e instituicionalização enquanto campo científico que apresenta características e cultura própria, além dos seus impactos na produção do conhecimento na área educacional do páís. Por meio de procedimentos metodológicos que envolveram o desenvolvimento de trajetória de pesquisas: bibliográfica, documental, campo e teórica, perseguiu-se esse objetivo, mediante a apropriação de aportes teóricos e, em especial, sob a ótica da teoria de Pierre Bourdieu. Isso permitiu identificar, descrever e conduzir à compreensão de conceitos relacionais presentes e à descrição da existência, constituição e institucionalização da área em foco no Brasil; procedendo-se também à identificação do espectro que a envolve, influenciado por marcos contextual de natureza econômica, social, política e cultural, com destaque à pesquisa, produção intelectual e à comunicação científica. Os resultados obtidos refletem as relações entre a teoria e a prática que se fazem presentes na pós-graduação em foco e que a distinguem como uma área do conhecimento de relevância no contexto brasileiro. Desse modo, pode-se concluir que: tem caráter multidisciplinar e uma historicidade própria no cenári educacional; sua representatividade está fundamentalmente apoiada nos programas de pós-graduação, em suas temáticas de formação de massa crítica e profissional, linhas e grupos de pesquisa e, ainda, na produção científica decorrente. Embora esteja consolidada e institucionalizada perante organismos como a Capes, ainda se ressente da existência de uma cultura da informação e da criação de uma Rede de Informação Especializada para o compartilhamento adequado do conhecimento gerado pelos seus agentes...
This study througt to identify the origins, trends and perspectives of the Science Education area in order to contribute to the visibility of its constitution and institutionalization as a scientific field that presents its own characteristics and culture, besides its impact on the production of knowledge in the educational field in the country. Through methodological procedures involving the development of the trajectory of bibliographic, documental, field and theoretical researches, we have tried to reach this objective, through the appropriation of theoretical subsidies, in particular, under the perspective of the Pierre Bourdieu's theory. This has allowed us to identify, describle and lead to the understanding of present relational concepts and institutionalization of this specific field in Brazil; and also the identification of a spectrum that surrounds this field, influenced by contextual limits of economic, social, political and culture nature, with emphasis on research, intellectual production and the scientific community. The results reflect the relations between theory and practice that are present in the field of Science Education and distinguish it as field of knowledge of great relevance in the Brazilian context. Thereby, we can conclude that: the field of Science Education has a multidisciplinary character and its own historicity in the education scene; its representationis fundamentally supported by graduate programs, in its formation thermes of critical and professional mass, lines and research groups and in the scientific output. Although this field is consolidated before institutionalized organizations such as CAPES, it still needs information culture and the creation of a specialized information network for the sharing of the adequate knowledge created by its agents ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Chan, Siu-wah. "Explaining education success with special reference to Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20264276.

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Rogers, Justin. "Exploring young people's experiences of foster care using a social capital approach : disrupted networks and continuing bonds". Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659137.

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This PhD study explored the day to day lives of young people living in foster care in the United Kingdom. This study utilises Bourdieu’s (1986) conceptualisation of social capital, which has been described as a useful heuristic as it focuses on practices and processes (Morrow 1999) within networks. One of the original contributions of this thesis is its application of Bourdieu’s theory as an analytical framework to explore young people’s experiences of foster care. The study employed qualitative methods to gather rich, contextualised data. Ten young people, aged between twelve to fourteen years old, participated in the research and each of the participants were interviewed on two occasions. Findings are presented across three chapters and they highlight the ways young people in foster care both preserve and build their access to social capital. Firstly, this includes the ways in which the young people are actively engaged in practices to manage and preserve their relationships and as a result their access to social capital. Secondly, findings show that young people in foster care experience stigma by virtue of having the status of being ‘in- care’, and in order to minimise this, the young people actively managed their spoiled identity (Goffman 1968), which allowed them to maintain access to social capital. Thirdly, the findings show that despite the experience of disrupted networks and multiple placement moves, given the opportunity, the participants demonstrated their ability to persevere in their attempts to start again, which built their access to social capital. This thesis offers a particular utility for the discipline of social work, by providing a way of understanding and theorising how young people continually work, in both prosaic and at times heroic ways, to minimise the disruption to their relationships, networks and their subsequent access to social capital.

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Krauss, Kirstin Ellard Max. "Ethical ICT research practice for community engagement in rural South Africa". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/39923.

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The research reported here evolved from the researcher’s ethnographic immersion in an ICT for Development (ICT4D) project in a deep rural part of South Africa. During ethnographic immersion, three key issues emerged from fieldwork. Firstly, the researcher realised his limited understanding of the worldview of research participants. Secondly, he realised his inability to appropriately and ethically do community entry and implement the ICT4D artefact (e.g. ICT4D training and policy), especially because of his limited understanding of the cultural context, underlying values, emancipatory concepts and interests, as well as incomplete insight into the oppressive circumstances that the people in the research setting find themselves in. The third issue relates to an inability to interpret and explain the collisions and conflicts that emerged from introducing, aligning, and implementing the ICT4D artefact. Through critical ethnographic methods and a critical orientation to knowledge, the researcher shows how these inabilities, collisions, and false consciousnesses emerged to be the result of cultural entrapment and ethnocentricity that he and the research participants suffered from. A key argument throughout this thesis is that the emancipation of the researcher is a precursor for the emancipation of the researched. The researcher thus asks: In what ways should ICT4D researchers and practitioners achieve self-emancipation, in order to ensure the ongoing emancipation and empowerment of the deep rural developing community in South Africa? The study subsequently argues the link between the topic of this thesis, namely the issue of ethical research practice, and the primary research question. A unique perspective on these problems is presented as the study looks at emancipatory ICT4D research and practice in context of a deep rural Zulu community in South Africa, and specifically the journey of social transformation that the researcher himself embarked on. The study retrospectively applies Bourdieu’s critical lineage to reflect on the research contribution and how the researcher was eventually able to construct adequate knowledge of the ICT4D social situation. Building onto the idea of critical reflexivity, the researcher argues that critical introspection should also be part of critical ICT4D research in South African contexts. Through confessional writing, the researcher describes experiential knowledge of the worldview collisions that emerged from ICT4D research and practice. In particular, manifestations of the collisions between the typical task-orientated or performance-orientated value system of Western-minded societies and the traditional loyalty-based value system or people-orientated culture of the Zulu people are described. The research contributes by challenging dominant ICT4D discourses and by arguing for an end to a line of ICT4D research and practice where outsiders with a Western task-orientated worldview, like the researcher himself, make unqualified and inadequate assumptions about their own position in ICT4D practice, and about their own understanding of how to “develop” traditional communities in South Africa through ICTs. Following Bourdieu, the researcher argues that one can only build an adequate understanding of the social situation through critical reflexivity, by making the necessary knowledge breaks, and by allowing oneself to be carried away by the game of ICT4D practice.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
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Informatics
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Jarekvist, Anja. "The social construction of gender : A comparison of Tennessee Wiliam´s A Streetcar Named Desire and Eugene O´Neill´s Long Day´s Journey into Night". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för lärarutbildning (LUT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-21784.

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This essay focuses on making a comparative gender analysis between Eugene O´Neill´s play “Long Day´s Journey into Night” and Tennessee William’s play “A Streetcar Named Desire”. It emphases the portraying of socially constructed gender and how the authors present their characters in relation to emotional response as well as power and acting space.

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16

Klaser, Klaudijo. "Three Economic Extensions of John Rawls's Social Contract Theory: European Fiscal Union, Tax Compliance and Climate Change". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/291026.

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In my thesis I apply the ethical model developed by John Rawls (1999) to three systems which have an economic dimension: European Union, tax compliance and environmental sustainability. With this task my purpose is to answer to the following overarching research question: is an impartial and non-binding agreement, conceived in a Rawlsian frame, sufficient to generate fair and stable redistributive institutions? This broad research question is then addressed and inflected according to the specific economic domains considered through the next Chapters. Given the diversification of the analysed topics, also the adopted research methodology turns out to be differentiated. The European distributive institutions are examined in depth by means of a theoretical-deductive approach which catches on Rawls’s international social contract theory, while the distributive issues linked to tax evasion and environmental sustainability are approached with tools elonging to behavioural and experimental economics.

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17

Morales, Rubio Luis Enrique. "Det symboliska kapitalet på bilder : En jämförelse studie av blider från två kommunala gymnasieskolors hemsidor". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-158053.

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Hemsidor är väldigt populära idag. Där finns mycket information som påverkar vårt sätt att handla, tänka och interagera. Samtidigt kan hemsidorna ha information som kan analyseras och tolkas på olika sätt med hjälp av olika teorier. Denna studie utgår från Bourdieus socialaklassteori och Basil Bernsteins teori om pedagogiska identiteter. Studien analyserar två gymnasiehemsidor. Bilden av den goda eleven studeras noggrant samt de olika stereotyperna på hemsidorna. Denna studie gör en diskursanalys av sexbilder som pekar på elevernas aktiviteter på två kommunala skolor och på skillnader mellan dem. Det gäller en kommunal gymnasieskola i centrala Stockholm ochkommunalgymnasieskola i en Stockholmsförort. Studien visar att det finns en polarisering mellan skolorna. Norra Real Gymnasium som är skolan från centrala Stockholm inriktar sig mot samhällets elitoch eleverna därverkar ha mer symbolisktkapital och haraktiviteter som utvecklardetta vidare. Tensta Gymnasium, som är gymnasieskolan iförorten,fokuserar mest på integrationgenom att göra aktiviteter som utvecklar elevernasätt att integrera sig i samhället. Det är ganska vaga aktiviteter såsomattklistra in olika färger frånhänderna på väggen.
Website pages are very popular today. There is a lot of information that affects our way of shopping, thinking and interacting. At the same time, the websites may have information that can be analyzed and interpreted in different ways using different theories.This study is based on Bourdieu's social class theory and Basil Bernstein's theory of educational identities. The study analyzestwo high school websites. The image of the good student is studied carefully as well as the different stereotypes on the websites. This study makes a discourse analysis of six images that points to the students' activities at two municipal schools and on differences between them. This applies to a municipal upper secondary school in central Stockholm and municipal upper secondary school in a Stockholm suburb. The study shows that there is a polarization between schools. Norra Real Gymnasium, which is the school from central Stockholm, focuses on society's elite and the students there seem to have more symbolic capital and have activities that further develop this. Tensta Gymnasium, which is the secondary school in the suburb, focuses most on integration by doing activities that develop students' ways of integrating themselves into society.It's quite vague activities like sticking paper hands of different colors on a wall.

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18

Bogar, Alison Kimberley. "Exploring the Social Trend of Household Computer Ownership in Affecting the United States 1990's Crime Drop". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3205.

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During the 1990’s the world witnessed a crime drop throughout all categories of crime. Many researchers have sought to seek an explanation for this drop; however, there has been a lack of concrete findings to fully explain this phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to explore a further reasoning as to why this drop occurred, specifically throughout the United States. An unexplored factor to explain this phenomenon is the increase of household computer ownership during the 1990’s. During this decade, household computers and the internet became prevalent throughout the nation. This study utilized secondary data from the Uniform Crime Report and the United States Current Population survey, with support from routines activities theory, to answer the research question to find if there was a correlation between household computer use and the crime drop. The results for this study found that there was a positive correlation between household computer ownership, household internet ownership, and all realms of crime. With this, it is important to note that the social trend of household computer ownership is not the only reasoning for this phenomenon.

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19

Schewcik, Anika-Yvonne. "The impact of environmental factors in poverty settings on children´s participation : A systematic literature review from 2012 to 2017". Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, CHILD, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35888.

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The number of children living in the context of relative poverty in western industrialized countries is increasing, while at the same time a little amount of research is conducted about the impact of relative poverty on the child’s participation and development; focused on the socio-emotional development. This systematic literature review therefore investigates the impact of environmental factors, focused mainly on structural factors, in poverty settings in western industrialized countries on children´s peer relations. The focus will be laid on children´s participation in peer relations in school activities. Current literature published from 2012 or more recent was searched and results found were linked to theories. The findings of the articles covered several environmental aspects regarding the impact of poverty on the child and its peer relations. The results, in relation to theories, show the interwoven influences of several factors and environments. They indicate the big influence poverty has on several aspects of the child´s life. Both in this systematic literature review researched hypotheses – that the poverty setting influences the child´s development negatively and that the child shows difficulties to develop and participate in positive peer relations - can be confirmed. Future research should aim at generating knowledge about the impact of relative poverty on the child´s development and perceptions of holistic wellbeing. This is necessary to enhance the understanding of the impact of relative poverty on the child´s participation.

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20

Hällebrand, Agnes y Louise Andersson. "Maktens manifestation : En etnografisk studie av vetenskap som arbete på Karolinska Institutet". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-374261.

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Karolinska Institutet (KI) är en kunskapsintensiv organisation som bedriver världsledande medicinsk forskning. Här blir frågor kring ägande och makt centrala då produktion av vetenskap är en bransch där det finns mycket prestige och ekonomiskt kapital att vinna. Utifrån läsning av kandidatuppsatser som gjorts på KI bildades ett intresse för att lyfta betydelsen av maktens påverkan på det vetenskapliga arbetet. Syftet med studien har varit att utöka förståelsen för hur makt manifesteras inom och mellan forskargrupper på KI. Detta har gjorts genom en kortvarig etnografisk studie under en veckas tid, då vi följt en forskargrupp i deras dagliga arbete. För att kunna styrka våra observationer har även material från tidigare studier gjorda inom samma fält, tillgodogjorts i samråd med handledaren. Forskningsfrågorna som studien utgått från är hur manifesteras makt inom och mellan forskargrupper samt vilken roll spelar kapital som valuta och medlare vid manifestation av makt. För att besvara våra forskningsfrågor har vi tillämpat Bruno Latours Actor-Network Theory (ANT) samt Pierre Bourdieus koncept kring olika kapitalformer. Genom vår observation kunde vi se hur teorierna kunde sammanföras för att förklara hur makt manifesteras och vilka aktörer som kom att spela stor roll i detta avseende. Resultatet av studien visar på att hur makt manifesteras mellan människor, till stor del formas av de så kallade icke-mänskliga aktörerna som finns inom det specifika fältet som studeras. Dessa aktörer menar vi främst är byggnadens utformning, den vetenskapliga och tekniska utrustningen, hyror och publikationer. Avslutningsvis har vi kunnat se att makt manifesteras genom att analysera den cykliska återinvesteringen av kapital.

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21

Fourie, Jade Melissa. "The relationship between social support, self-esteem and exposure to community violence on adolescentÊ¹s perceptions of well-being". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1944_1331890691.

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Violence is considered to be one of the most critical and threatening global problems plaguing the world today, leaving a trail of devastating consequences to societies, economies, cultures, families and individuals (Desjarlais &
Kleinman, 1997). Adolescents who grow up in a context of violence learn distorted ways of thinking, acting, living and interacting. Aggressive tendencies and violent behaviour become internalised and adopted as acceptable ways to resolve conflict situations. Chronic, continuous exposure to violence results in physical, psychological and emotional disturbances, such as depression, anxiety, lowered self-confidence, sleep disturbances, decreased attention and concentration spans. This study addressed the form of violence known as community violence, i.e. violence that children experience within their communities (either as witnesses or as victims). This study investigated the effects of this negative environmental experience and investigated potential mediating and moderating variables that could influence the harmful effects of such experiences. The variables considered as mediating and/or moderating variables were social support and self-esteem. The theoretical framework adopted for this study was Bronfennbrenner&rsquo
s Bioecological Systems theory.

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22

Drotos, Stephanie M. "“Secret Ingredients” in Postsecondary Educational Attainment: Challenges Faced by Students Attending High Poverty High Schools". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299170270.

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23

Arizmendi, Wayne Clinton y arizmendi@fastmail fm. "Relative truths regarding childrens learning difficulties in a Queensland regional primary school: Adult stakeholders positions". Central Queensland University. School of Education, 2005. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20060510.112803.

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This study explored the discursive subject positions that 18 parents, teachers and administrators involved with children identified as experiencing learning difficulties in a Queensland regional primary school between September 2003 and August 2004 drew upon to explain the causes of those childrens learning difficulties. The study used a post-structuralist adaptation of positioning theory and social constructionism and a discourse analytic method to analyse relevant policy documents and participants semi-structured interview transcripts to interrogate what models were being used to explain a student's inability to access the curriculum. Despite the existence of alternative explanatory frameworks that functioned as relatively undeveloped resistant counternarratives, the study demonstrated the medical models overwhelming dominance in both Education Queensland policy statements and the participants subject positions. This dominance shapes and informs the adult stakeholders subjectivities and renders the child docile and potentially irrational.

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24

Leseeto, Saidimu. "The role of risk management in pastoral policy development and poverty measurement : system dynamics simulation approach". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/344349/.

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Livestock-based agriculture plays an important role in the development of sub-saharan Africa, especially those countries whose livestock industry contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In Kenya, agriculture alone accounts for 21% of the GDP and provides employment directly or indirectly to over 75% of the total labour force. The livestock industry, mainly arid rangelands, contributes 50% of the agricultural productivity. However, these Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs) are exposed to a myriad of risks affecting the environment which is the pastoral core asset. These risks arise from climatic change and variability, growth in human population and expanding settlements, changes in the land use systems, poor infrastructure, diseases, wildlife predation, and inter-ethnic conflicts. The consequences of these pastoral risks include: (1) declining per capita asset value, (2) increased health problems, (3) increased poverty, and (4) declining GDP generated from pastoralism. While a lot of resources have been invested in responding to the pastoral crisis associated with droughts, there is still inadequate understanding of the policy measures to put in place as mitigation strategies. The aims of this research are (1) identify the main pastoral risks and community response strategies, (2) assess the impact the identified risks on the wellbeing of pastoralists based on financial, human, physical, natural and social capital measurements (5 C‘s), and (3) develop a System Dynamics (SD) model to assess the holistic impact of community and government response strategies on pastoral wellbeing. Samburu district, in northern Kenya, was chosen as a study area because it is classified as 100% ASAL and experiences frequent droughts and changing land use systems. The research process involved literature synthesis, analysis of both cross-sectional and a 5-year panel data, and the development of a System Dynamics model. Cross-section data was primarily collected for the purposes of identifying the extent to which risks affect households, while the 5-year panel data was sourced from the Arid Lands Resource Management Project (ALRMP). Descriptive and empirical analysis showed that droughts, land use system and human population were considered as the main cause of shrinking rangeland productivity and as a result declining per capita livestock. This was further confirmed from the panel data analysis indicating climate variability as the main driver of pastoral wellbeing. Droughts affect rangeland pasture productivity, market prices, livestock assets, and households‘ nutritional status and poverty levels. These results imply a multifaceted nature of pastoral system with compound affects. The SD simulation result, which was run over the period January 2006 to December 2030, provided insights on policy evaluation and the state of pastoral wellbeing. Baseline scenario indicated reducing livestock ownership, causing high malnutrition and poverty rates. Strategies which incorporated rangeland rehabilitation, planned settlements, livestock disease control, insurance against droughts, reducing inter-ethnic conflicts, and timely destocking offered better policy options. These strategies resulted in reduced malnutrition, increased pasture productivity, reduced livestock losses and ultimately reducing poverty rates among the pastoral communities.

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25

Komboki, Lancing Marika. "The Intersex Baby - From a Social Emergency to a Human Rights Challenge". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21824.

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This paper aims to shed light on the intersex infant, a baby born with an unclear gender. The main goal of the paper is to discuss whether unnecessary gender normalizing surgeries on infants, also called intersex genital mutilation (IGM) that is not necessary to preserve the life or physical health of the infant is in the best interest of the child. Legal method will be used to frame the topic in a legal context and discourse analysis in combination with content analysis will be applied in order to understand the transformation of intersex, from being a social emergency to becoming a human rights issue. The use of the concept, the best interest of the child will serve as an analytical framework together with a theoretical framework consisting of queer theory. Together it will help to map out the human rights challenges regarding IGM as a socially constructed medical product that needs to be highlighted and prevented in order to secure the rights of the child. Hopefully, the concluding results will contribute to further awareness on the issue of unnecessary infant intersex surgery and frame it in a human rights context.

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26

Kildén, Smith Martin. "Chaotic Field Exploration : Exploring systemic field dynamics in bilateral negotiations". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Pedagogik och sociologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-114770.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature of the social field as described by Pierre Bourdieu as well as to explore the possibility of creating a more focused and tailored set of conditions in the form of a model to repurpose the field theory to more clearly be applicable to bilateral negotiations. The methodological approach is conceptual analysis based on the epistemology of critical realism. The supporting theories for the approach are a combination of systemic, chaos and complexity theory while the fundaments for the implementation of the methodological approach are the four main concepts in Bourdieu’s theory of the social field: the field, habitus, illusio and symbolic capital. One of the main points of repurposing this specific dynamic is to explicitly allow for deliberate human agency within the field. Analytical data consists purely of the secondary type. This essay is not empirically based but rather theoretical and abstract. The paper is founded on the basic principles of macrosociology and presumes social agency where appropriate. This paper focuses on creating a tentative framework model based on repurposed concepts derived from Bourdieu. The results are arguably interesting but are mostly limited to affecting further development of this tentative model and prefacing application of it through attempting to implement it in an analytical manner on empirical data.

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27

Naerbout, Nathalie Ehlerts. "China´s "New Normal" in International Climate Change Negotiations: Assessing Chinese leadership and climate politics from Copenhagen to Paris". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21325.

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Being the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitter and second largest economy, China’s role in international climate negotiations has been the topic of much heated debate over the past 10 years. However, few studies have sought to understand China ́s role in the Global Environmental Governance and Chinese leadership therefore remains a lacuna in need of further investigation. This generates one central question: How does leadership theory bring insight into China ́s role in the international climate change negotiations? The research is designed as a qualitative case study, applying an analytical framework by Young (1991). A content analysis in conjunction with the analytical framework is applied to policy documents, speeches and official reports produced by the Chinese Government, UNFCCC and IISD as a way to understand China ́s negotiation strategies and climate change goals. The findings suggest that China has shown weak leadership during the climate summit in 2009, since there was a huge lack of leadership capabilities applied in their negotiation strategies. However, in 2015 China met all leadership indicators to a certain degree and can therefore be seen to have exercised strong leadership capabilities. It can therefore be argued, that China has become a leading actor in the climate change regime due to their shift in negotiation approach from 2009 to 2015, through their influence and position in shaping the global climate change agenda.

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28

Gadelha, Maria Albenisa. "Análise das percepções das ações de responsabilidade social empresarial a partir do modelo tridimensional performance social: o caso de uma industria do setor alimentício". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5283.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:53:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1223967 bytes, checksum: e7ddc07e077e29ba4df142948034d2a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-14
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The constant technological evolution and the globalization phenomena have been aroused organizations to looking for both new ways to deal with the market and the new environmental business. Among these new ways of dealing with the market it is the Business Social Responsibility that is beginning to making part of the policy and companies principles. On this perspective, this study attempts to analyze in a general way how a company in the food sector, located in Ceará state, behaves itself with respect to the Business Social Responsibility principles through the stakeholders perception set who are directly and indirectly involved and have information about the company under analysis. The research was based on three-dimensional Carroll`s model (1979), which seeks to fully understand the essentials aspects of corporative social performance according to the dimensions of the categories of social responsibility (economic, legal, ethical and voluntary), the types of response behavior (reactive, defensive, accommodative and proactive), and the actions areas/company programs (consumption, environment, discrimination, product safety and security in the work). The work is classified as a case study of descriptive-exploratory character that through a qualitative and quantitative approach carried out through fields research, where were applied interviews with a semi-structured guide, evaluated through analysis of the information content, and questionnaires to the internal and external stakeholders that not take part in the company. The data were evaluated by using the STATATM program. The results showed that the internal stakeholders perceive that the company has operations predominantly in the economic responsibility field, especially in the administration and production employees view, indicating that the actions are focused on profit maximization. But, for the managers, stands up the legal responsibility, as well as for the external stakeholders like customers, community and suppliers. Now the consumers and partners emphasized that the company assumes financial and voluntary responsibility respectively, indicating that the company develops social actions that enhance the community quality life in its surroundings. In the behavior and response fields it can be observed in the point of view of three of the five external stakeholders types the predominance of proactive behavior (community, suppliers and partners), but for customers and consumers the company has accommodative behavior. For the internal stakeholders predominated the feeling that the activities are having developed as a means to obey the requirements, being, therefore, defensive. In relation to the actions/programs, it is perceived that was unanimous between all internal and external stakeholders, that for this company the product security is the basis of its performance in the food market. In a general way, the application of the methodology proposed by Carroll (1979) allowed to concluded that in the stakeholders perception the company do not have structured policies of RSE acting in a punctual manner through an Educational Institute, which develops activities specifically for capacity building.
A constante evolução tecnológica e a globalização têm despertado as organizações para uma procura intensa por novas formas de lidar com o mercado e com a nova conjuntura empresarial. Dentre essas novas formas de lidar com o mercado está a Responsabilidade Social Empresarial que está começando a fazer parte da política e dos princípios das empresas. Sobre essa perspectiva, esta pesquisa objetiva analisar como uma empresa do setor alimentício, localizada no estado do Ceará, se comporta quanto aos princípios da Responsabilidade Social Empresarial por meio da percepção do conjunto de stakeholders que direta e indiretamente estejam envolvidos e que possuam informações sobre a empresa em análise. A pesquisa baseou-se no modelo tridimensional de Carroll (1979), que busca compreender de forma integral os aspectos essenciais da performance social corporativa de acordo com as dimensões de categorias de Responsabilidade Social (econômica, legal, ética e voluntária); os tipos de comportamento de resposta (reativa, defensiva, acomodativa e pró-ativa); e as áreas de ações/programas da empresa (consumo, meio ambiente, discriminação, segurança do produto e segurança no trabalho). O trabalho classifica-se como estudo de caso de caráter descritivo-exploratório que por meio de uma abordagem quali-quantitativa realizada através de pesquisas de campo, aplicou-se entrevista com roteiro semi-estruturado, avaliadas através de análise de conteúdo das informações, e questionários a stakeholders internos e externos à empresa, analisados por meio do programa STATATM. Os resultados apontaram que os stakeholders internos vêem que a empresa possui atuação predominantemente no campo de responsabilidade econômica, principalmente na visão dos funcionários da administração e produção, evidenciando que as ações se voltam para a maximização de lucros. Mas para os gestores sobressai-se a responsabilidade legal, assim como também os stakeholders externos do tipo clientes, comunidade e fornecedores. Já os consumidores e parceiros salientam que a empresa assume responsabilidade econômica e voluntária respectivamente, denotando que a empresa desenvolve ações sociais que elevam a qualidade de vida da comunidade que fica ao seu entorno. No campo de comportamentos e respostas pode-se observar na visão de três dos cinco tipos de stakeholders externos a predominância de comportamento pró-ativo (comunidade, fornecedores e parceiros), mas para clientes e consumidores a empresa possui comportamento acomodativo. Para os stakeholders internos predominou que as atividades se desenvolvem como meio de obedecer às exigências, sendo, portanto, defensivo. Em relação às ações/programas, percebe-se que foi unânime entre todos os stakeholders internos e externos, que para essa empresa, a segurança do produto é a base de sua atuação no mercado de alimentos. De modo geral, a aplicação da metodologia de Carroll (1979) permitiu concluir que na percepção dos stakeholders a empresa não possui políticas estruturadas de RSE, atuando de forma pontual por meio de um Instituto Educacional, o qual desenvolve atividades especificamente de formação profissional.

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29

Meeker, James Kenneth Jr. "The Species of Capital and the Cultural Production of Hip-Hop". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1556202032547372.

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30

Trencansky, David y Dimitrios Tsaparlidis. "The effects of company´s age, size and type of industry on the level of CSR : The development of a new scale for measurement of the level of CSR". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-95150.

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Sustainable development is one of the most frequently used expressions in the economic context. Its importance is emphasized not only at the national level but also at the corporate level. The purpose of this study is to find the influence of company´s age, size and type of industry on the level of sustainable development among Swedish companies. In order to accurately evaluate the level of sustainable development a comprehensive measurement scale is needed. We have recognized the research gap of lack of sustainability measurement methods. Thus, the second goal we have decided to achieve is to develop an extensive measurement scale for sustainability performance evaluation. The main contribution of the study lies in filling the research gap by providing a new measurement method that can be adopted in order to evaluate the sustainability performance and to find the effects of company age, size and type of industry on the level of CSR. The relationships in the study are hypothesized and summarized in the conceptual model and consequently tested. This study distinguishes five underlying perspectives of sustainability and several categories of company ages, size and types of industry. These aspects are in the focal point of the questionnaire sent to our sample of Swedish companies. The data collected from the survey were analyzed in SPSS statistics program using a variety of analytical methods. At first, each set of questions was analyzed separately. Thereafter, the findings regarding each determinant of CSR were thoroughly discussed. Based on the results from analytical tests a revised conceptual model is proposed. The new features added to the model should enhance its quality and explanatory value. The collected data reveal that the responding Swedish companies engage in the sustainability perspectives in a considerable extent. According to the results of the study there is no or minor effect of company age and type of industry on the level of CSR. Company size, however, is found to be a significant determinant of CSR causing an U-shaped effect. This U-shaped effect of company size implies that the level of CSR activities decreases as a company grows from small to middle-sized but increases from middle-sized to large company.

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31

Lindahl, Per. "Militärteorins inflytande på doktriner : William S. Linds påverkan på svensk doktrin för markoperationer". Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, War Studies Division, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-623.

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Influences from military theory are a part of the development of military doctrines. This thesis has, by using a method with three different dichotomies, traced and classified influences from William S Lind’s theories regarding manoeuvre warfare in the Swedish military doctrine, for land operations. The purpose has been to discuss the connection between military theory and how the Swedish doctrine for land operations (DMarkO) has been formulated. It has also been to show what this influence depends on and what consequences it will present.

The examination has shown that William S. Lind’s theory regarding manoeuvre warfare has a great impact and influence on the content of DMarkO. This used through direct literal use of the theory and also through an indirect influence. It has, however, been difficult to reconstruct and to show awareness from the authors’ perspective that William S. Lind has been a deliberate choice to use regarding what to write in the doctrine. On the other hand, the parts that together constitute the theory are known as classical military maxims, and they are therefore as such, hard to relate only to Lind and his theory regarding manoeuvre warfare. “Main effort” or “Schwerpunkt” is such an example, used by Lind as a part of his theory but also known as a military maxim.

I denna uppsats avhandlas hotuppfattningar och strategier för maritim säkerhet i Östersjön ur ett svenskt perspektiv. Ökade varuflöden, oljetransporter och handel inom östersjöregionen har tillsammans med den snabba omvärldsutvecklingen bidragit till ett nationellt och transnationellt intresse för bibehållen maritim säkerhet i Östersjön.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att med kunskap om av regering och riksdag identifierade hot under perioden 1998-2009, analysera vilka strategier Sverige valt för att hantera hoten och bibehålla den maritima säkerheten.

För att identifiera hoten mot svenska intressen i Östersjön har teorin om det vidgade säkerhetsbegreppet använts för att med sektorerna; politik, ekonomi, samhälle, miljö samt militär identifiera de hot som regering och riksdag lyfter fram i propositioner och försvarsberedningar. Strategierna som har analyserats har fokus både på svenskt nationellt såväl som transnationellt samarbete och berör både nutid och framtid.

Resultatet av uppsatsen visar att Sverige lägger allt mer fokus på transnationellt samarbete med bl.a. EU och de nordiska länderna men att även instruktioner till svenska myndigheter betonar ökat behov av samarbete för att hantera de identifierade hoten.

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Desiderio, Gina Christine. "Protecting the Breast and Promoting Femininity: The Breast Cancer Movement's Production of Fear Through a Rhetoric of Risk". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32102.

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Tremendously popular in American society, the breast cancer movement functions through a rhetoric of risk to persuade women to monitor their breasts and thus medicalize their bodies. The vast majority of breast cancer literature available is specifically aimed at women with breast cancer, while the research here examines the way the breast cancer literature actually includes women without breast cancer in its audience, expecting these women to see breast cancer as an eventual experience. The rhetoric of risk focuses on lifestyle choices, the body, genes, and the environment in order to encourage women to engage in body projects to prevent breast cancer. The attention to risk factors without reliable facts produces fear of the body. Prevention of breast cancer, really impossible, becomes synonymous with early detection, thus displacing responsibility for the disease from society to the individual. Through the rhetoric of risk, the breast cancer movement promotes the ideology of femininity by manipulating women to become complicit subjects in their subordination. Furthermore, the directives, as yet unproven, to prevent breast cancer are the same directives to attain the white heterosexist ideal of beauty. The woman is thus reinscribed into the traditional feminine role of caretaker (of her body) and femininity is not only preserved but produced despite a disease that physically threatens a womanâ s most visible marker of her femininity, the breast.
Master of Arts

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33

Nations, Jennifer Marie. "Networks and Cultural Bridges: A Case Study with the Tarahumara of Northern Mexico". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1309.

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Network and cultural bridge theories predict the source and durability of cultural boundaries, including how cultural boundaries are overcome in order for differing groups to have meaningful exchanges. Ethnographic interview data with three research subjects in Northern Mexico reveals the strengths and weaknesses of each theory. Minita Bustillos, Juan Daniel Villalobos, and Horacio Echeverría contribute to bridging ties between the closed indigenous community of the Tarahumara and outside Mexican and American groups. Their positions elucidate the veracity of theoretical propositions found in network and cultural bridge theories. Findings suggest that though useful in understanding several aspects of network structure and bridging, network theory does not fully explain how a person becomes part of a network bridge or what social capabilities may be useful for someone in that position. Cultural bridge theories extend the explanation by showing the importance of relationship building in bridging, but rely too heavily on the notion that a single individual can provide the cultural capital and resources necessary to be a cross-cultural bridge in and of themselves. The additional concepts of habitus and cultural tool-kits supplement these perspectives by explaining how respondents acquired cultural and social knowledge that allows them to make connections in multiple distinct networks and how the respondents can so naturally say and do things to garner trust from members of both groups. This research shows how the theoretical concepts can be used in application to a specific social context. It also provides support for the possible use of the concepts of habitus, network bridging, and tool-kits for training members of grass roots organizations attempting to bridge between distinct, and even opposing, social groups.

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Skandalis, Alexandros. "Aesthetics and taste formation in musical spaces of consumption : a multi-sited ethnographic study". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/aesthetics-and-taste-formation-in-musical-spaces-of-consumption-a-multisited-ethnographic-study(f21c7408-360c-4589-aeb1-191c0a9fca18).html.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the interrelationships between place and taste through a multi-sited ethnography of music consumption. Place and taste are important theoretical constructs that have been studied extensively across the humanities and social sciences. Yet, there is a scarcity of research that attempts to bring together these constructs in the fields of marketing and consumer research and beyond. In particular, prior consumer culture theory (CCT) research has not taken into account the spatial processes through which consumers enact, perform and further develop their tastes in the market place. More significantly, little empirical research illustrates how different consumption spaces tend to orchestrate and shape consumers’ tastes. As such, this study focuses on the context of music consumption and aims to explore spatial taste formation processes via consumers’ aesthetic experiences in popular (festival) and classical (concert hall) music places within the fields of indie and classical music consumption respectively. The emergent findings are structured upon four chapters (papers) and develop specific research objectives which revolve around the overarching aim of the study, namely the exploration of the interrelationships between place and taste. This study brings together both structural and experiential dimensions of taste and highlights the ontological significance of phenomenological understandings of space and place for marketing and consumer research.

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35

Ahlklo, Yrr y Carin Lind. "E, S or G? A study of ESG score and financial performance". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246008.

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Sustainability is not a new concept to the financial markets, but its popularity and wider use have increased as people have grown more concerned about the future of this planet. However, the relationship between sustainable investments and financial performance is not clear. One of the most used measures of sustainability is the concept of ESG score, where E, S and G stand for environmental, social and governance. In this study, we investigate the relationship between ESG score and financial performance, both market and accounting based. We also separate the score into its individual parts E, S, and G, and try to distinguish which factor has the strongest relation to financial performance. To evaluate the relationship, a regression analysis was performed on a sample of Nordic stocks and the Sustainalytics ESG rank. Our findings concluded no significant relationship between ESG score and financial performance, neither market nor accounting based. The environmental factor (E) showed the strongest relation to financial performance, however slightly negative and only significant to one dependent variable out of three. Our results indicate that based on the ESG score used in this study, no conclusions can be drawn about financial performance. Since our research does not indicate a significant relationship, our recommendation is to invest in the highest ESG ranked stock in case of choosing between two otherwise similar stocks.
Hållbarhet är inget nytt koncept inom finans, men dess popularitet och användning har ökat kraftigt. Dock är det fortfarande oklart hur hållbara investeringar förhåller sig till lönsamhet och avkastning. En av de mest använda hållbarhetsmåtten är ESG, som står för environmental, social and governance. I denna studie undersöker vi relationen mellan ESG-mått och lönsamhet, både marknads- och resultatbaserad. Vi delar också upp ESG i sina tre komponenter E, S, och G för att undersöka vilken faktor som har den starkaste relationen till lönsamhet. Detta görs genom en regressionsanalys med paneldata från ett urval av nordiska aktier och Sustainalytics ESG-mått. Vårt resultat visar ingen signifikant relation mellan ESG-mått och lönsamhet. Komponenten E visar den starkaste relationen till lönsamhet, ett signifikant och något negativt samband, men endast till en av tre responsvariabler. Vårt resultat indikerar således att inget samband verkar finnas mellan lönsamhet och dessa ESG-mått. Eftersom vår studie inte visar på något signifikant samband, blir vår rekommendation att investera i den aktien med högst ESG-mått, om man skulle välja mellan två annars lika aktier.

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36

Jackson, Maria. ""The Sibyl was safe in her jar, no one could touch her, she wanted to die" : Possessing Culture and Passion in A.S. Byatt's Possession". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33377.

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The purpose of the essay is to discuss the power narration has over our gender roles. John Fiske and Pierre Bourdieu´s theoretical texts have been used to discuss the connection between power and culture in A.S. Byatt’s novel Possession: A Romance. Possession demonstrates how male academics take part in shaping knowledge about the past and the present from their perspective. Byatt uses allusions to myth and folktales to emphasise both the romance theme of the novel and how the past has formed us and continues to affect us in our relationships and social roles. The novel reveals how women are trapped by cultural myths about women’s roles in society. The female characters’ fates demonstrate the complexity of heterosexual relationships for independent women in a society where women are supposed to be taken care of by men. The roles imposed on women in romance stories in particular can be seen as a reductionist patriarchal view of women. Byatt emphasizes how women who at varying levels do not collaborate with men are punished for their chosen lifestyles and how some, like homosexual women, have been removed or have chosen to remove themselves from society in different ways. Byatt attempts to demythologize social myths concerning women and men by rewriting traditional myths and fairy tales. Still, Possession does not ultimately challenge the importance of the heterosexual relationship or the male and female characters’ gender roles.

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Fröberg, Klara. "From a hashtag to a movement : From MeToo to being rightless in 2020's Sweden". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447526.

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This thesis investigates the continuance of the MeToo movement in the Swedish context via the digitalplatform Instagram, collective action and feminist organizations that are engaged to end sexual violence.It illuminates how the sisterhood impacted by the practice of challenging the rape script a conceptused to describe the discourse on how sexual violence should be like, and how victim-survivors should behave, how the engagement is made among the activists that engage to challenge the rape script and lastly, how since the MeToo movement started a discourse of rightlessness have been exposed through the sharing of experiences that the MeToo movement initiated. The ethnographic study is based on participant observation of feminist actions in real life and on Instagram as well as interviews with 13 activists from feminist organizations and with background as organisers of collective actions. It is found that the MeToo movement in Sweden is commonly practiced through an engagement in Feminist organizations that serve to keep the movement alive through continuous work to keep sexual violence on the agenda by keeping it visible, and that the engagement is driven by an experience of anger towards the societal discourse that sets the discourse on rape which affects the possibility to be recognized by the legal system. The thesis will overall suggest that there is a sisterhood built on a collective identity, and that the shared identity and oppression between non-men with an aspiration to support one another in the experience of oppression as well as organize safety nets for those who are sentenced for defamation as a consequence of speaking out.

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Pias, Marco Antonio Câmara. "Uma contribuição ao estudo de uma institucionalização das novas normas de contabilidade pública NBCASP no contexto do sistema S : o caso Senac". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1556.

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The objective of this research was to verify the convergence to international accounting standards and the impact of institutionalization on autonomous social services, especially SENAC. This work addressed the public accounting and its current context, autonomous social services included in this process and studies on institutional theory. The new financial statements based on the principles, standards and procedures adequate to provide useful information to users regarding the comprehensiveness, transparency and comparability. The research adopted the model of institutionalization of Tolbert, Zucker (1997) to categorize the stages of institutionalization (pre-institutionalization, semi-and full-institutionalization institutionalization. Study focused on the changes made by Senac, allowing to identify the stages of institutionalization the entity is with respect to the practice of accounting changes arising post of public accounting
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar o processo de convergência as normas internacionais de contabilidade pública e o impacto da institucionalização nos serviços sociais autônomos, em especial o SENAC. Este trabalho abordou a contabilidade pública e o seu contexto atual, Os serviços sociais autônomos inseridos nesse processo e os estudos acerca da teoria institucional. As novas demonstrações contábeis baseadas nos princípios, normas e procedimentos adequadas para prestar informações úteis aos usuários no que se refere à compreensibilidade, transparência e comparabilidade. A pesquisa adotou o modelo de institucionalização de Tolbert; Zucker (1997) para a categorização dos estágios de institucionalização: (pré-institucionalização; semi-institucionalização; total-institucionalização. O estudo focou as alterações efetuadas pelo SENAC, possibilitando identificar os estágios de institucionalização que a entidade se encontra no que diz respeito à prática da contabilidade pós as alterações oriundas da contabilidade pública

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Oliveira, Livea Pires Martins de. "Os soldados da Rainha da Floresta: a identidade religiosa nos adeptos da doutrina do Santo Daime". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2009. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2535.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The Post-modern society, organized and structuralized under the support of an individualistic ideology, locates the contemporary man in the center of his social system, providing it with power to construct and to recreate proper himself and his values. In this context, the religion no longer occupy the central place in the life of the individual, now exempts to manage his questions in the way that better pleases him, no more needing the religion for his accomplishments. Impregnated individuals of ethical and humanitarian values, independent to belong or don t in religious traditions. However, while the religious affiliation can be changing the human s Post-modern, the belief in the spiritual continues and demonstrates small decline, proliferating the demonstrations of spirituality with the sprouting of new religious movements. It is in that context that a religion that embraces different elements and it allows him/it establishment of a singular relationship with the Absolute, starts to occupy a place of prominence in the great and varied fan of the new religious movements.Our current research involves a religion eminently Brazilian that has been growing in that scenery: Santo Daime's Doctrine, composed by elements that go from the popular Catholicism, going to the faith healing Amazonian, until the Kardecist spiritism. We search for understand the psychological processes involved in the constitution of the religious identity in the followers of Santo Daime's Doctrine, giving the owed attention to the psychosocial and personal perspective in the construction of the identity. For in such way, a field research was accomplished, with a methodology that had an interview semi-structured with ten individuals followers of the Kingdom s Sun Church, that belongs at least five consecutive years. The data were examined, on a side, starting from the referential of social identity s theory, of Tajfel and Turner, and, of other, the referential of the structuring by the symbolic and the imaginary, concepts inspired in Lacan.The research concludes that the transformation of the religious identity carries through, properly, when it happens her belongs group, for road of the categorization and/or prototypicality and the elaboration in the level of the symbolic. In the great majority of those researched the accomplished change was verified of it belongs grupal and of symbolic, in which happened the substitution of a symbolic one for other, reorganizing the multiples elements, old and news, around it the new symbolic axis, in the case, Santo Daime's Doctrine. We believed that the process was impelled by the syncretical character of the doctrine and for the singularity of the religious person experience of Santo Daime.
A sociedade pós-moderna, organizada e estruturada sob a égide de uma ideologia individualista, posiciona o homem contemporâneo no centro desse sistema social, imbuindo-o do poder de construir e recriar a si próprio e seus valores. Nesse contexto, a religião deixa de ocupar o papel central na vida do indivíduo, agora livre para administrar suas questões da forma que melhor lhe convir, não necessitando mais da religião para suas realizações. Indivíduos impregnados de valores éticos e humanitários, independente de pertencerem ou não a tradições religiosas. Porém, enquanto a afiliação religiosa pode estar mudando a sociedade humana pós-moderna, a crença no espiritual continua e demonstra pouco declínio, proliferam as demonstrações de espiritualidade com o surgimento de novos movimentos religiosos. É nesse contexto que uma religião que abarca diferentes elementos e permite o estabelecimento de uma relação singular com o Absoluto, passa a ocupar um lugar de destaque no grande e variado leque dos novos movimentos religiosos. Nossa corrente pesquisa envolverá uma religião eminentemente brasileira que vem crescendo nesse cenário: A Doutrina do Santo Daime, composta por elementos que vão do catolicismo popular, passando pelo curandeirismo caboclo amazônico, até o espiritismo Kardecista. Buscamos compreender os processos psicológicos envolvidos na constituição da identidade religiosa nos adeptos da Doutrina do Santo Daime, dando a devida atenção à perspectiva psicossocial e à construção pessoal da identidade. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, com uma metodologia que dispôs de uma entrevista semi-estruturada com dez indivíduos adeptos da Igreja Reino do Sol há pelo menos cinco anos consecutivos. Os dados foram examinados, de um lado, a partir do referencial da teoria da identidade social, de Tajfel e Turner, e, de outro, o referencial da estruturação segundo o simbólico e o imaginário, conceitos inspirados em Lacan. A pesquisa conclui que a transformação da identidade religiosa se realiza, propriamente, quando ocorre a pertença grupal, por via da categorização e/ou prototipicalidade e a elaboração no nível do simbólico. Na grande maioria dos pesquisados verificou-se a mudança consumada de pertença grupal e de simbólico, no qual ocorreu a substituição de um simbólico por outro, reorganizando os múltiplos elementos, antigos e novos, ao redor do novo eixo simbólico, no caso, a Doutrina do Santo Daime. Cremos que o processo foi impulsionado pelo caráter sincrético da doutrina e pela singularidade da experiência religiosa do Santo Daime.

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Souza, Renato Ferreira de. "Georg Herbert Mead: Contribuições para a Psicologia Social". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17178.

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The developed work intends to contribute for the understanding of an author/character of the social psychology. We analyzed and we added knowledge about George Herbert Mead and the unfoldings of his psychosocial theory. For this purpose we worked in two basic pathways: first, through the social approach of the psychology s history, we confronted Mead s life with moments of constitution of the psychology at his time, placing in projection central aspects of his dialogue not always identified. We correlated the history of Mead with social subjects, politics, economical and scientific of his time; information on what happened in the plan of the interpersonal s relationships at the time he was elaborating his theory, as well as his connections with practices and specific cultural values were mediated. The second path elapses from an incursion that goes through a thematic concerning to the Meadelian s studies, for what we prioritized the sociologists Peter Berger s and Thomas Luckmann s works and of the philosopher Jürgen Habermas. It is then intended to contribute to the history of the social psychology and to diffuse the Meadelian s scientific concepts, turning them more accessible to the specialists of the social psychology
O trabalho desenvolvido pretende contribuir para a compreensão de um autor/personagem da psicologia social. Analisamos e acrescemos conhecimento sobre George Herbert Mead e os desdobramentos de sua teoria psicosocial. Para este propósito trabalhamos em duas vertentes básicas: primeiro, através da abordagem social em história da psicologia, confrontamos a vida de Mead com momentos de constituição da psicologia à sua época, colocando em relevo aspectos centrais desta interlocução nem sempre identificados. Correlacionamos a história de Mead com questões sociais, políticas, econômicas e científicas de sua época; informações sobre o que se passava no plano das relações interpessoais ao tempo em que elaborava sua teoria, assim como suas conexões com práticas e valores culturais específicos foram contemplados. A segunda vertente decorre de uma incursão na literatura que perpassa por temáticas concernentes aos estudos meadianos, para o que priorizamos os trabalhos dos sociólogos Peter Berger e Thomas Luckmann e do filósofo Jürgen Habermas. Pretende-se assim contribuir para a história da psicologia social e difundir os conceitos científicos meadianos, tornando-os mais acessíveis aos estudiosos da psicologia social

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41

Galloway, Sarah. "Distinguishing between empowerment and emancipation in the context of adult literacies education : understanding power and enacting equality". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/12902.

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This thesis considers a theoretical tradition which is concerned with how adult literacies education might not always serve to socialise students into existing society, instead encouraging possibilities for desirable alternatives to it. Without this possibility, adult literacies education might only be understood as a socialising machine that slots students into society as it stands and where the role of research is to describe its operation. My research describes a long-standing refusal by educators, researchers and students to accept this possibility and my thesis continues this tradition. Through the analysis and interplay of the work of Pierre Bourdieu, James Paul Gee, Paulo Freire, Jacques Rancière, I distinguish between empowerment and emancipation in the context of literacies education. I set out the assumptions that Bourdieu and Gee make, how they understand power, identity, discourse and oppression, and what this means for the practice of an empowering adult literacies education. I also present assumptions made by Freire and Rancière, how they understand equality and oppression, and how an emancipatory literacies education might be understood and practiced. In particular, I describe how education for ‘empowerment’ encourages practices underpinned by the assumption that ideological processes prevent students from understanding how oppression is manifested. In contrast, I describe how an emancipatory education implies enacting educational relationships that are not reliant on this assumption, whilst exerting a social response to societal oppression. I make three claims. Firstly, that the idea of an emancipatory literacies education has come to be neglected or conflated with the idea that literacies education might empower, which has come to hold great sway. In so doing, I critique Freire’s work whilst reclaiming it as an emancipatory project. Secondly, that the educational practices associated with adult literacies for empowerment can be understood to encourage the socialisation of students into society as it stands. This emphasises the importance of distinguishing between empowerment and emancipation in the context of adult literacies education. Finally, that emancipation is a notion that must continue to be questioned and explored if educators, students and academics are to take responsibility for the practice of adult literacies education and its consequences. An emancipatory literacies education cannot be reliant upon the assumption that discourse is inherently ideological. Instead, it is predicated upon teachers and students assuming that emancipation is possible and acting on that assumption.

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42

Wallén, Daniel. "Sweden´s moral responsibility to protect Romanian victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation in Sweden". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Statsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28019.

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Trafficking in persons is a serious crime and a serious violation of human rights. Every year, thousands of men, women and children fall into the hands of traffickers, in their own countries and abroad. Trafficking in human beings (THB) can be about forced labour, sexual slavery and/or commercial sexual exploitation, but this this paper focuses on the latter category. One country in Eastern Europe with an exceptionally high proportion of women and children trafficked into Sweden each year is Romania. The purpose of the following study is therefore to investigate what moral responsibility – if any – Sweden has to protect the female part of the victims from Romania being trafficked for sexual purposes in Sweden. They are not Swedish citizens, and that makes it a complicated question. In making an effort to come up with answers, we will have a look at what Sweden is doing for these people today, and what the options look like going forward, if indeed the responsibilty is ours. This is an academic thesis with one normative and one empirical aspect. Normative theoretical principles of global justice, ethics and human dignity from American philosopher Martha Nussbaum are tested on an empirical problem; a case study about the situation for Romanian trafficking victims in Sweden and Norway. Apart from the theory and case study, I have exclusively used applied ethics, secondary sources and an analytical tool to analyze and dissect the problem, reaching the conclusion that Sweden does have a moral responsibility, and that we therefore should continue to work in these people´s favour. However, more so that now by assisting solution solving in Romania, where the biggest problems exist and the best solutions can be expected, if handled intelligently and with ethics in mind.

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43

Davis, Kierrynn, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University y of Agriculture Horticulture and Social Ecology Faculty. "Finding voice, being heard and living in the tension : novice nurse academics critical engagement with a problem orientated curriculum in the academic and practice setting". THESIS_FAHSE_XXX_Davis_J.xml, 1993. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/213.

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This thesis is an account of the lived experience of doing research in the critical paradigm in the context of the discipline of social ecology. It is a story with actors, a plot, and actions over time. The Worldview of social ecology has embedded within its epistemology the scope for the creative act of narrative, therefore this thesis is a critical conversation told in four voices. The research was embedded in critical social science methodology and method, and attempted to understand and transform the problematics concerning the social relations, practice, language and discourse which were uncovered when five novice nurse academics engaged in teaching a problem-orientated curriculum in the practice setting. It was a critical action research project based predominantly on the Kemmis and McTaggart Model (1988). The research also debated the nature of participative, collaborative action research undertaken in the context of gaining an educational qualification. Relevant to this point, two other contexts of the research were uncovered. The lived experience of ?doing? critical action research with colleagues and friends, in the context of gaining an educational qualification revealed both the praxis nature of ethical research and the reclaiming of an authoritative women?s voice in the academy. The ethical nature of research in critical social science, and the nature and role of human identity was explored in an effort to conceptualise both a methodology and a self identity which was embedded in a context of mutual growth. This growth was similar to Bookchin?s (1990) transitory states of ?becoming? what we wished to become in the academy. It was what is known in organisations as professional development. The author named this becoming, ?Finding a Women?s Voice and Being Heard?. Although ?finding voice? is situated in the personal, ?being heard? involves the ?not I? together with structural features of institutions. As a collaborative group, the participants actioned strategies in an attempt to deal with the structural limitations to our ?becoming?. These strategies, together with the consciousness raising nature of this particular action research project, enabled participants to speak of their own empowerment within an academic context in which they were often rendered powerless.
Master of Science (Hons) (Social Ecology)

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44

Zharkevich, Ina. "'Changing times' : war and social transformation in Mid-Western Nepal". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:64d6de22-631c-4bb6-988a-d416eeb897fd.

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This thesis is an ethnographic account of social change, triggered by the civil war in Nepal (1996-2006). Based on an ethnographic fieldwork in the village of Thabang, the war-time capital of the Maoist base area, this thesis explores the transformative impact of the conflict on people’s everyday lives and on the constitution of key hierarchies structuring Nepali society. Rather than focusing on violence and fear – the commonly researched themes in warzones – the thesis examines people’s everyday social and embodied practices during the war and its aftermath, arguing that these remain central to our understanding of war-time social processes and the ways in which they shape the contours of post-conflict society. By focusing on mundane practices – such as meat-eating and alcohol-drinking, raising livestock and worshipping gods – the thesis demonstrates how change at the micro-level is illustrative of a profound transformation in the social structures constituting Nepali society. Theoretically, the thesis seeks to understand how the situation of war re-orders society: in this case, how people in the Maoist base area interiorized formerly transgressive norms and practices, and how these practices were normalized in the post-conflict environment. The research revealed that much of the change triggered by the conflict came as a result of the ‘exceptional’ times of war and the necessity to follow ‘rules that apply in times of crisis’. Thus, in adopting transgressive practices during the conflict, people were responding to the expediency of war-time rather than following Maoist war-time policies or ‘propaganda’. Furthermore, while adopting hitherto unimaginable practices and making them into habitual action, people transformed the rigid social structures, without necessarily intending to do so. The thesis puts particular stress on the centrality of unintended consequences in social change, the power of embodied practice in making change real, and the ways in which agency and structure are mutually constitutive.

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Contipelli, Ernani de Paula. "Solidariedade social tributária na perspectiva da teoria tridimensional do direito de Miguel Reale". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8749.

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The proposal of this work is focused on the analysis of social solidarity value and its axiological developments at the framework of the tributary normative system, using as theoretical basis of the questions the Law‟s Tridimensional Theory by Miguel Reale. Initially, I intend to show the essential concepts for understanding the Law‟s Tridimensional Theory designed by Miguel Reale, which leads to the foundations of its ontology and axiology, that finds its nucleus on the value source of the human being in its historic and cultural perspective, as well as on the way of integration between the constitutive elements of legal experience. Once is structured the philosophic foundation of the thesis, it goes to analyze the social solidarity value on its historical contextualization, towards the recognition of the evolution of its meaning over time, to subsequently check its axiological content and its relationship with other values linked to the human person, taking into account the theoretical concepts of Miguel Reale. Besides, I will show social solidarity value as constant or invariant axiological determinant of the formula for ideological integration of the model of the Democratic State of Law described on the constitutional normative complex, that influences the validity of the legal enactment process, as well as the construction of significance of their models, acting in tax normative system, for correlate the duty of collaboration of the community member to pay tax with the right of require for the (or duty of) State of redistribute properly the received riches. Finally, the aim is to consider the axiological effects of the social solidarity directions in the structuring elements of the tax normative system, presenting your decisive penetration in the exercise of the tax powers expressed on the Federal Constitution, determining the necessary relation of reciprocity implication with the ideals reflected in the general principles of the tax law, especially, the contributive ability and the linking of the financial resources
A proposta deste trabalho encontra-se centrada no estudo do valor da solidariedade social e seus desdobramentos axiológicos no âmbito do sistema normativo tributário, utilizando como base teórica das indagações a Teoria Tridimensional do Direito desenvolvida por Miguel Reale. Assim, procura-se, inicialmente, apresentar os conceitos essenciais para compreensão da Teoria Tridimensional do Direito pensada por Miguel Reale, o que conduz aos fundamentos da sua ontologia e axiologia, que tem como núcleo o valor fonte da pessoa humana em sua perspectiva histórico-cultural, bem como ao modo de integração existente entre os elementos constituintes da experiência jurídica. Devidamente estruturado o alicerce filosófico da tese, parte-se para análise do valor da solidariedade social com sua contextualização histórica, visando ao reconhecimento da evolução de seu significado ao longo dos tempos, para, posteriormente, ser verificada a extensão de seu conteúdo axiológico e suas relações com os demais valores ligados à pessoa humana, se valendo das concepções teóricas realeanas. Em seguida, insere-se o valor da solidariedade social como constante ou invariante axiológica determinante da fórmula de integração ideológica do modelo de Estado Democrático de Direito descrita no complexo normativo constitucional, que influencia a validade do processo de produção de normas jurídicas, assim como da construção de significado dos respectivos modelos, atuando, inclusive, no sistema normativo tributário, para correlacionar o dever de colaboração do membro da comunidade de pagar tributos ao direito de exigir (ou dever) do Estado de redistribuir adequadamente as riquezas arrecadadas. Por fim, pretende-se considerar os efeitos axiológicos da solidariedade social sentidos nos elementos estruturantes do sistema normativo tributário, apresentando sua penetração decisiva no exercício das competências tributárias expressas na Constituição Federal, determinando a necessária relação de implicação reciprocidade com seus ideais refletidos nos princípios gerais de direito tributário, especialmente, a capacidade contributiva e a afetação dos recursos financeiros arrecadados

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46

França, Júnior Reginaldo Pereira. "Os elementos do projeto ético político profissional e seu debate". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17591.

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The objective of this work is to review the process of ownership and objectification in Marx s social theory and its ethical-political effects on the social workers ethical-political professional project. It is also intended to analyze the contribution of Marx s social theory for the profession and its subsequent materialization in daily life of professional work. It is a study of qualitative approach, including a literature review and a field research, through semistructured interviews with three social workers one of the healthcare area, another a teaching and a third of the Judiciary in the city of Uberaba, MG, in the year 2012. This work was justified by questioning the forms of appropriation of the Marx s social theory by social workers and the forms of objectification of the ethical-political professional project in daily professional work. It was noted that there is a degree of ownership of Marx s social theory by social workers, as well as obstacles in the process of vocational training that fell on these theoretical-methodological bases deficiencies. The limitations for the objectification of professional project in daily work come from the relative difficulty in taking ownership of Marx's theory. The subjects understand the centrality of contemporary Social Service professional project, but they are limited in this objectification, given the social relations of capitalist production and institutional boundaries. It was noted that the difficulty in joining the class project cannot be attributed solely to institutional or capitalist limits; that project is to be thought of as a compromise to overcome the determinations and locate man as the measure of all things
Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o processo de apropriação e da objetivação da teoria social de Marx e seus rebatimentos no projeto ético-político profissional junto aos assistentes sociais. Pretende-se ainda, analisar qual a contribuição da teoria social de Marx para a profissão e sua consequente materialização no cotidiano do trabalho profissional. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, tendo como procedimento a revisão de literatura e pesquisa de campo, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com três assistentes sociais da cidade de Uberaba, MG, no ano de 2012, sendo um da área da saúde, um da docência e um do Tribunal de Justiça. Este trabalho justificou-se pelos questionamentos sobre as formas de apropriação da teoria social de Marx pelos assistentes sociais e as formas de objetivação do projeto ético-político profissional no cotidiano do trabalho profissional. Observou-se que há uma relativa apropriação da teoria social de Marx pelos assistentes sociais, constatando entraves no processo de formação profissional que incidiram nessas deficiências de bases teórico-metodológicas. Da relativa dificuldade em apropriar-se do arcabouço teórico de Marx apontam-se as limitações para a objetivação do projeto profissional no cotidiano de trabalho. Dessa forma, os sujeitos compreendem a centralidade do projeto profissional no Serviço Social contemporâneo, porém se veem limitados nesta objetivação, dadas as relações sociais de produção capitalista e dos limites institucionais. Observou-se que a dificuldade na adesão ao projeto de classe não pode ser atribuída exclusivamente aos limites institucionais ou do capital; esse projeto necessita ser pensado como um compromisso que supere as determinações e situe o homem como a medida de todas as coisas

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47

Nilsson, Ida y Sara Sundstrand. "Att ta ansvar- men till vilket pris? : En studie om hur företag inom energibranschen förhåller sig till arbetet med CSR gentemot företagets finansiella mål". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38362.

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Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur elbolag förhåller sig till arbetet mellan CSR och företagets finansiella mål. Dessa två mål tenderar att dra åt olika håll och det har av denna anledning varit av intresse att undersöka. Det sker även en jämförelse mellan börsnoterade och icke börsnoterade bolag. Studiens huvudsakliga undersökningsmetod har bestått av en kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Därefter tillämpades en kvantitativ metod i form av datainsamling från publicerade rapporter för bland annat framtagandet av nyckeltalet DuPont. Den teoretiska referensramen består av forskning med utgångspunkt i CSR och finansiell lönsamhet, bland annat Carrolls pyramid och intressentteorin. Empiriinsamlingen resulterade i att CSR är ett sätt för företag att uppnå lönsamhet. CSR blir såvida ett medel för företag att uppnå sina finansiella mål. Börsnoterade bolag tenderar att visa ett mer kortsiktigt förhållningssätt än icke börsnoterade bolag. Till sist resulterade empiriinsamlingen i att det inte upplevs vara någon motsträvighet mellan dessa två mål.
The purpose of this study has been to investigate how electricity companies relate to the work between CSR and the company's financial goals. These two goals tend to move in different directions and for this reason it has been of interest to investigate. There has also been made a comparison between listed and non-listed companies. The main research method of the study has consisted of a qualitative method in the form of semi-structured interviews. Subsequently, a quantitative method was applied in the form of data gathering from published reports for, among other things, the production of the keyratio DuPont. The theoretical frame of reference consists of research based on CSR and financial profitability, including Carroll's pyramid and stakeholder theory. The empirical gathering resulted in CSR being a way for companies to achieve profitability. CSR becomes a way for companies to achieve their financial goals. Listed companies tend to show a more short-term approach than non-listed companies. Finally, the empirical gathering resulted in the fact that there is no contradiction between these two goals.

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48

Lankester, Felix John. "The impact and control of malignant catarrhal fever in Tanzania". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7769/.

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Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF), an often-lethal infectious disease, presents as a variable complex of lesions in susceptible ungulate species. The disease is caused by a -herpesvirus following transmission from an inapparent carrier host. Two major epidemiological forms exist: wildebeest-associated MCF (WA-MCF), in which the virus is transmitted to susceptible species by wildebeest calves less than approximately four months of age, and sheepassociated MCF (SA-MCF) in which the virus is spread by sheep (primarily adolescents). Due to the lack of an in-vitro propagation system for the causative agent of the more economically significant SA-MCF, and with the expectation that cross-protective immunity may be provided, vaccine development has focused on the more easily propagated alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) that causes WA-MCF. In 2008 a direct viral challenge trial showed that a novel vaccine, employing an attenuated AlHV-1 (atAlHV-1) `C5000 virus strain, protected British Friesian-Holstein (FH) cattle against an intranasal challenge with virulent AlHV-1 `C5000 virus. For cattle keeping people living near wildebeest calving areas in sub-Saharan Africa an effective vaccine would have value as it would release them from the costly annual disease avoidance strategy of having to move their herds away from the oncoming wildebeest. On the other hand, an effective vaccine will release herd owners from the need to avoid MCF, allowing them to graze their cattle alongside wildebeest on the highly nutritious pastures of the calving areas. As such conservationists have raised concerns that the development of a vaccine might lead to detrimental grazing competition. The principle objective of this study was to test the novel vaccine on Tanzanian shorthorn zebu cross cattle (SZC).We did this firstly using a natural challenge field trial (Chapter Two) which demonstrated that immunisation with the atAlHV-1 vaccine was well tolerated and induced an oro-nasopharyngeal AlHV-1-specific and -neutralising antibody response. This resulted in an immunity in SZC cattle that was partially protective and reduced naturally transmitted infection by 56%. We also demonstrated that non-fatal infections occurred with a much higher frequency than previously thought. Because the calculated efficacy of the vaccine was less than that seen in British FH cattle we wanted to determine whether host factors, particular to SZC cattle, had impacted the outcomes of the field trial. To do this we repeated the 2008 direct viral challenge trial using SZC cattle (Chapter Four). During this trial we also investigated whether the recombinant bacterial flagellin monomer (FliC), when used as an adjuvant, might improve the vaccine’s efficacy. The findings from this trial indicated that direct challenge with pathogenic AlHV-1 is effective at inducing MCF in SZC cattle and that FliC is not an appropriate adjuvant for this vaccine. Furthermore, with less control group cattle dying of MCF than expected we speculate that SZC cattle may have a degree of resistance to MCF that affords them protection from infection and developing fatal disease. In Chapter Three we investigated aspects of the epidemiology of MCF, specifically whether wildebeest placenta, long implicated by Maasai cattle owners as a source of MCF, might play a role in viral transmission. Additionally, through comparative sequence analysis, at two specific genes (A9.5 and ORF50) of wild-type and atAlHV-1, we investigated whether the `C5000 strain, the source of which was taken from Africa more than 40 years ago, was appropriate for vaccine development. The detection of AlHV-1 virus in approximately 50% of placentae indicated that infection can occur in-utero and that this tissue might play a role in disease transmission. And, despite describing three new alleles of the A9.5 gene (supporting previous evidence that this gene is polymorphic and encodes a secretory protein with interleukin-4 as the major homologue), the observation that the most frequently detected haplotypes, in both wild-type and attenuated AlHV-1, were identical suggests that AlHV-1 has a slow molecular clock and that the attenuated strain was appropriate for vaccine development. In Chapter Five we present the first quantitative assessment of the annual MCF avoidance costs that Maasai pastoralists incur. In particular we estimated that as a result of MCF avoidance 64% of the total daily milk yield during the MCF season was not available to be used by the 81% of the family unit remaining at the permanent boma. This represents an upper-bound loss of approximately 8% of a household0s annual income. Despite these considerable losses we concluded that, given an incidence of fatal MCF in cattle living in wildebeest calving areas of 5% to 10%, if herd owners were to stop trying to avoid MCF by allowing their cattle to graze alongside wildebeest, any gains made through increased availability of milk, improved body condition and reduced energy demands would be offset by an increase in MCF-incidence. With the development of an effective vaccine, however, this alternative strategy might become optimal. The overall conclusion we draw therefore is that, despite the substantial costs incurred each year avoiding MCF, the partial protection afforded by the novel vaccine strategy is not sufficient to warrant a wholesale change in disease avoidance strategy. Nonetheless, even the partial protection provided by this vaccine could be of value to protect animals that cannot be moved, for example where some of the herd remain at the boma to provide milk or where land-use changes make traditional disease avoidance difficult. Furthermore, the vaccine may offer a feasible solution to some of the current land-use challenges and conflicts, providing a degree of protection to valuable livestock where avoidance strategies are not possible, but with less risk of precipitating the potentially damaging environmental consequences, such as overgrazing of highly nutritious seasonal pastures, that might result if herd owners decide they no longer need to avoid wildebeest.

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49

Marques, Dimas Renato Pallu. "Em pauta, o tráfico de animais silvestres: a cobertura da Folha de S. Paulo e O Globo (2010-2014)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8161/tde-18022019-132149/.

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Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar e analisar as abordagens dos jornais Folha de S. Paulo e O Globo na cobertura do tráfico de animais silvestres entre 2010 e 2014. Todos os 254 textos publicados no período foram lidos e analisados. O mercado negro de fauna e a cultura do criar espécimes silvestres como bichos de estimação foram detalhados para contextualizar o problema. Técnicas quantitativas foram utilizadas para a classificação dos textos em categorias (tipos de abordagens). Dez categorias foram identificadas e os textos agrupados, permitindo concluir que tanto da Folha de S. Paulo quanto O Globo dão preferência à cobertura de ações de fiscalização e repressão ao tráfico de fauna. A Análise Crítica do Discurso de Norman Fairclough, teorias do Cotidiano de Agnes Heller e Michel de Certeau e a Teoria das Representações Sociais de Serge Moscovici foram o suporte da análise qualitativa e a base teórica da pesquisa. Quinze textos de oito categorias foram qualitativamente analisados. Seis principais representações sociais foram destacadas, com destaque para: animal silvestre pode ser criado como bicho de estimação, o Estado é incompetente na gestão da fauna silvestre e a repressão resolve o problema do tráfico de fauna. A aplicação da Análise Crítica do Discurso encontrou elementos que corroboram as representações sociais identificadas. A conclusão foi que os dois jornais (bem como o Estado brasileiro) reforçam a ideia de que se pode criar silvestres como bichos de estimação, desde que os animais tenham origem legal, e que a repressão é a melhor forma para desestimular o tráfico conceitos que discordamos. Folha de S. Paulo e O Globo não contribuem efetivamente para a construção de uma nova cultura que ajude na redução do comércio ilegal de animais silvestres e não auxiliam no processo de modificações de representações sociais para gerar impacto no tráfico de fauna.
This research aimed to identify and analyze the approaches of the Folha de S. Paulo and O Globo newspapers in the coverage of wild animals trafficking between 2010 and 2014. All 254 texts published in the period were read and analyzed. The black market of fauna and the culture of creating wild specimens as pets were detailed to contextualize the problem. Quantitative techniques were used to classify texts into categories (types of approaches). Ten categories were identified, and the texts were classified, allowing to conclude that both Folha de S. Paulo and O Globo prefer to cover actions of inspection and repression of wild animals traffic. Critical Discourse Analysis of Norman Fairclough, Agnes Heller\'s and Michel de Certeau\'s theories of Daily Life, and Serge Moscovici\'s Theory of Social Representations were the basis of qualitative analysis and the theoretical basis of the research. Fifteen texts from eight categories were qualitatively analyzed. Six main social representations were highlighted, with emphasis on: wild animal can be reared as a pet; State are incompetent in the management of fauna and repression solves the problem of wild animals trafficking. The application of the Critical Discourse Analysis found elements that reinforce the identified social representations. The conclusion was that the two newspapers (as well as the Brazilian State) reinforce the idea that wild animals can be created as pets, as long as the animals are of legal origin, and that repression is the best way to discourage trafficking - concepts that we disagree with. Folha de S. Paulo and O Globo do not contribute effectively to the construction of a new culture that helps to reduce the illegal trade of wild animals as well as do not provide any aid in the process of modifications of social representations to generate impact in the traffic of fauna.

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Duarte, Gerdivane Ferreira. "F?sica estat?stica aplicada a sistemas sociais atrav?s do estudo de redes complexas". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18609.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
In this work a study of social networks based on analysis of family names is presented. A basic approach to the mathematical formalism of graphs is developed and then main theoretical models for complex networks are presented aiming to support the analysis of surnames networks models. These, in turn, are worked so as to be drawn leading quantities, such as aggregation coefficient, minimum average path length and connectivity distribution. Based on these quantities, it can be stated that surnames networks are an example of complex network, showing important features such as preferential attachment and small-world character
Neste trabalho ? apresentado um estudo das redes sociais baseado na an?lise dos nomes de fam?lias. Faz-se uma abordagem b?sica do formalismo matem?tico dos grafos e em seguida apresenta-se os principais modelos te?ricos para as Redes Complexas com o objetivo de fundamentar a an?lise das redes dos sobrenomes. Estas, por sua vez, s?o trabalhadas de modo a serem extra?das as principais grandezas, tais como coe ciente de agrega??o, menor caminho m?dio e distribui??o de conectividades. Com base nestas grandezas, pode-se a rmar que as redes de sobrenomes s?o um exemplo de rede complexa, exibindo caracter?sticas importantes como liga??o preferencial e o car?ter de mundo pequeno.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Bourdieu´s social theory"

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