Tesis: "Brick and Mortar Innovation"

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Suzukawa-Tseng, Philip T. "The Best of Both Retail Worlds: Analyzing the Clicks-and-Bricks Retail Model". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1187.

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Since the internet became a new marketplace for buyers and sellers, the modernization of e-commerce brings into question whether online retailing can effectively replace traditional brick-and-mortar stores. Recent trends have highlighted the struggling business of physical retailers, yet many continue to operate while also having introduced an online sales channel along with pages on social media to increase engagement with customers. This study challenges the popular assumption that e-commerce is cannibalizing in-store sales opportunities, where online sales grow increasingly at the expense of the conventional method of shopping in brick-and-mortar stores. In examining financial and internet-related data of 50 major U.S. retailers from 2008 through 2013, I run panel data regressions to identify factors that contribute to the growth of in-store sales revenue and the proportion of online sales. My results indicate that retailers operating a clicks-and-bricks model do not suffer from channel cannibalization but may be forming a synergy across channels, as there are significant increases in measures regarding both physical and online retail operations.

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2

Thompson, Ashlynn E. "Brick and Mortar 2.0: The Future of Brick-and-Mortar Fashion Retail". Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1587136943219588.

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3

Seaton, Alexander Miles. "Bond strength performance characteristics of brick-mortar interfaces". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20339/.

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This work uses a direct tensile test approach, developed in-house, to measure the bond strength of brick-mortar interfaces. The thesis postulates that direct tensile bond strength values can be used as a means of assessing compatibility of brick and mortar properties which directly influence the structural and durability performance of brickwork. The work identifies that direct forms of tensile testing are suited for comparative research more readily than flexural testing techniques, which induce inherent variability to the test system due to sample format and by application of the associated flexural bending theory. It is maintained that flexural bending tests reflect parameters which influence disproportionately the compressive strength of the mortar and the joint periphery. The work uses traditional volume ratios for mortars, proportioned to a constant mass of sand, to identify the effect that discrete changes in cement and lime content have upon bond strength performance of the mortar. The results show that cement content of mortar has no significant influence on bond strength, provided that the combined proportion of cement and lime maintain a 1:3 ratio by volume with the sand. Furthermore, it has been shown that the volume of the mix water should match the volume of cementitious material, in order to achieve suitable workability. The work produces a bond strength development curve for samples aged between 5-minutes and 2-years of age and concludes that bond strength does not develop in the same manner to compressive strength and that bond strength may decline post 28-days. Samples up to 2-years in age can demonstrate up to 40-percent loss of bond due to the effects of sustained drying shrinkage. Consequently the work questions the value of using 28-day strength tests as a means of predicting future bond strength performance. It is identified that the controlling parameter which effects bond strength development is the removal of the excess mix water from the mortar by brick suction forces. The work examines unit water absorption characteristics and identifies that the initial rate of suction test is not sufficiently representative of a unit's ability to remove water from a retentive mortar bed. In response a unique method, which measures the continuous water uptake of the brick bed-face is presented. The resulting water absorption profile identifies the rate of change of flow and the resulting force function, with which water is potentially extracted from the retentive mortar bed. Results show that a good correlation between a unit's suction force and bond strength can be attained. It is presented that initial bond strength is developed by volumetric plastic shrinkage of the mortar bed, induced by rapid removal of the excess mix water by brick background suction, which generates a mechanical lateral gripping action to the undulations of the brick bed-face.

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4

Chan, José Pablo. "The promise of digital technology in brick and mortar retail". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80686.

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Thesis (S.M. in Management of Technology)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-62).
In this thesis we discuss the profound impact that technology is having on brick-and-mortar fashion retail. Retailers that (i) understand the implications of these changes and (ii) can adapt their retail business models to the new paradigm of the marketplace will be successful. Most retail research concentrates on online retail. Instead this research discusses how technology can add value to brick-and-mortar retail. Retail is a crucial component of the U.S. economy. U.S. retail sales in the United States were $4.36 trillion USD in 2012. The greatest portion of retail sales growth has come from online sales, which is 5.2% of total retail sales. The line between brick-and-mortar and online retail is beginning to blur. At the same time retailers are trying to ensure that the overall consumer experience is seamless at all customer touch-points. This is becoming more difficult, since the Internet and Smartphones have changed the way in which consumers and retailers interact. Therefore, when addressing the Omni-channel retailers must frame this as an organizational change process, since this piece of the equation is just as important as the technological component. Additionally, we consider how the retail selling process might translate into digital retail. Lastly, this paper examines the explosive growth of the mobile app industry and how the fashion retail industry can benefit from this.
by José P. Chan.
S.M.in Management of Technology

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5

Apera, Cristina. "Experimental tests on brick masonry panels strengthened with textile reinforced mortar". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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Nei paesi dell’area mediterranea, come Italia e Spagna, numerosi edifici, sono realizzati in muratura, e questo li rende vulnerabili alle azioni sismiche. I terremoti avvenuti in passato, hanno permesso, attraverso lo studio dei danneggiamenti prodotti, di comprendere le vulnerabilità di questi edifici e anche di valutare l’effettivo miglioramento o peggioramento delle diverse tecniche adoperate nel corso degli anni. Nel corso degli ultimi anni ,diverse tecniche innovative sono state sviluppate, tra cui l’uso di TRM (Textile Reinforced Mortar), risulta essere una delle migliori scelte data la reversibilità dell’intervento e la buona compatibilità con la muratura. Nonostante ciò, al momento non sono disponibili procedimenti analitici, per la valutazione dell’ incremento di resistenza a taglio di strutture rinforzate con TRM. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è di analizzare il cambio di comportamento di provini testati a compressione semplice e diagonale, rinforzati con TRM. I risultati ottenuti dalla campagna sperimentale, serviranno alla calibrazione di modelli numerici realizzati in SAP2000. I modelli, basati solo sull’uso di elementi non lineari “shell-layered”, vogliono costituire un modello semplice, riutilizzabile dal progettista per l’analisi di strutture più complesse. Successivamente i dati raccolti durante la campagna sperimentale sono stati utilizzati per la ricerca di formule analitiche, che permettano di valutare l’incremento della resistenza a taglio di strutture rinforzate. I provini rinforzati sono in grado di sorreggere un carico ultimo pari al doppio dei non rinforzati, con un aumento della deformazione orizzontale al limite elastico e della capacità di dissipazione di energia. Il rinforzo in TRM è quindi in grado di migliorare il comportamento di strutture in muratura soggette ad azioni orizzontali, ed i modelli creati con SAP2000, si sono dimostrati validi per simulare il comportamento di strutture in muratura rinforzate e non rinforzate.

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6

Mármol, Pérez María J. "The role of brick-and-mortar stores in an omnichannel environment". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667426.

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Retail is changing as technology is growing. The traditional way of shopping has evolved thanks to mobile devices, and retailers are struggling to avoid customers’ attrition. Customers are immersed in a seamless omnichannel experience that allows them to switch from channel to channel and search for the most convenient way of shopping at all times. In this context, retailers have to compete not only with other brands but also with other channels of the same brand, and this situation makes it difficult for them to develop new ways of engaging the customers and create loyalty programs to make the most of their investments in the stores. Effective product recommendation has become one of the key selling strategies employed everywhere, from brick-and-mortar stores to omnichannel retail, in order to increase sales and revenues and to increase repeat purchases from the same retail store and brand. The goal of this PhD Thesis is divided into two interrelated purposes: (1) to identify which are the trigger factors that motivate customers on the choice of each shopping channel and (2) to provide retailers with an algorithm that optimises the mix of recommended products in a brick-and-mortar store so as to provide the customer with an additional experience and engage them to the retail store. To reach those objectives we have analysed the different trends in the purchase process online and offline under the multichannel or omnichannel strategies. The methodology combines an exhaustive revision of academic literature about omnichannel strategies as well as reports from specialised consultant companies so as to define the trends and the factors that motivate customers towards one or another shopping path. As for the second study, with the goal of maximizing the total attractiveness value for the visiting customers to retail shops, and considering a multi-period tie horizon, we have studied how to determine an assortment of products to be included in display tables. In order to deal with the underlying optimization problem, a biased-randomized heuristic is proposed. In a first stage, it constructs an initial feasible solution. In a second stage, this initial solution is improved by employing a local search mechanism. A set of instances has been generated to test the approach. Different product-selection methodologies have been tested to illustrate the potential benefits of the proposed algorithm. The findings of the first study indicate that there are common trigger factors for every shopping channel and for every stage of the purchase path. As regards the second study, recommending a set of correlated and attractive products on retail display tables that vary often is a promising way to engage customers with such an attractive experience. The result of this research will allow retailers to face omnichannel strategies in such a way that they manage to engage and retain customers avoiding attrition and optimising their investments. Being able to know what is the best selection of products that best appeal to customers, provides a rationalization of the stock shown at every store and increases productivity of the employees in charge of such stock decisions.
El comerç minorista està canviant a mesura que la tecnologia està creixent. La forma tradicional de comprar ha evolucionat gràcies als dispositius mòbils, i els minoristes estan lluitant per evitar la pèrdua de clients. Els clients estan immersos en una experiència omnicanal perfecta que els permet anar de canal en canal i buscar la forma més convenient de comprar en tot moment. En aquest context, els minoristes han de competir no només amb altres marques, sinó també amb altres canals de la mateixa marca, i aquesta situació els dificulta desenvolupar noves formes d'involucrar els clients i crear programes de lleialtat per aprofitar al màxim les seves inversions en les botigues. La recomanació efectiva de productes s'ha convertit en una de les estratègies de venda clau emprades en el comerç en general per augmentar les vendes i ingressos i augmentar les compres repetides a la mateixa botiga i marca. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi doctoral es divideix en dos propòsits interrelacionats: (1) identificar quins són els factors desencadenants que motiven als clients en l'elecció de cada canal de compres i (2) proporcionar als minoristes un algoritme que optimitzi la combinació de productes recomanats en una botiga física per a proporcionar al client una experiència addicional i atreure'ls a la botiga. Per assolir aquests objectius, hem analitzat les diferents tendències en el procés de compra tant en un entorn físic com virtual sota les estratègies multicanal o omnicanal. La metodologia combina una revisió exhaustiva de la literatura acadèmica sobre estratègies omnicanal, així com informes d'empreses consultores especialitzades per a definir les tendències i els factors que motiven als clients cap a una o altra via de compra. Pel que fa al segon estudi, amb l'objectiu de maximitzar el valor d'atractiu total per als clients visitants a les botigues minoristes, i considerant un horitzó d'enllaç de múltiples períodes, hem estudiat com determinar un assortiment de productes per incloure a les taules d'exposició de productes. Per abordar el problema d'optimització subjacent, es proposa una heurística aleatòria esbiaixada. En una primera etapa, es construeix una solució factible inicial. En una segona etapa, aquesta solució inicial es millora en emprar un mecanisme de cerca local. S'han generat un conjunt d'instàncies per provar l'enfocament. S'han provat diferents metodologies de selecció de productes per a il·lustrar els beneficis potencials de l'algoritme proposat. Els resultats del primer estudi indiquen que hi ha factors desencadenants comuns per a cada canal de compres i per a cada etapa de la ruta de compra. Pel que fa al segon estudi, recomanar un conjunt de productes correlacionats i atractius a les taules expositores que varien sovint és una forma prometedora d'atraure els clients a la botiga física. El resultat d'aquesta investigació permetrà als minoristes dissenyar estratègies omnicanal de tal manera que aconsegueixin atreure i retenir els clients evitant la pèrdua de clients i optimitzant les seves inversions. Ser capaç de saber quina és la millor selecció de productes que millor atrau els clients, proporciona una racionalització de l'estoc que es mostra en cada botiga i augmenta la productivitat dels empleats a càrrec d'aquestes decisions d'estoc.

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Foster, Scott Douglas M. B. A. Sloan School of Management. "Fulfillment algorithm for integrating stock between brick and mortar and E-commerce". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117978.

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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2018.
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 46-47).
This thesis proposes a novel fulfillment algorithm which maximizes profits and customer experience through optimal distribution in a multi-period setting for a set of shipping locations that includes both stores and online-only warehouses. Myopic methods do not account for the temporal aspects of the problem. For example, a store should not ship an item to an online customer if there is high expected future demand for that item in-store. Instead, that item should be shipped from a store or warehouse where future expected demand is lower. This optimal choice of fulfillment location increases system-wide profits by preventing cannibalization as well as potentially selling the item before it reaches the sales period. The proposed algorithm also considers important variables related to customer experience such as the amount of time the order will take to be delivered. This algorithm was designed and tested at Zara, a subsidiary of Inditex S.A. A mixed integer program with two periods accounting for expected demand now and in the future is shown to optimally solve for how to fulfill any arbitrary order. However, this algorithm is intractable at larger order sizes. In this case, we create an online algorithm based on a heuristic. Use of this algorithm increases the total expected profit from any unit of inventory entering a store or warehouse by minimizing cannibalization and shipping costs. In addition, this algorithm minimizes the need for inventory re-allocation across the network. At Zara this algorithm was shown to improve the objective function by roughly 0.4% on a system-wide basis as compared to a myopic approach.
by Scott Douglas Foster.
M.B.A.
S.M.

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O'Farrell, Martin. "The durability of mortar with ground clay brick as partial cement replacement". Thesis, University of South Wales, 1999. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/the-durability-of-mortar-with-ground-clay-brick-as-partial-cement-replacement(31d9c04b-b950-4be8-be40-46984c1c30d6).html.

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The work in this thesis examines the suitability of utilising ground waste brick as a cement replacement material. The brick types investigated were obtained from the UK,Denmark, Lithuania and Poland. Cement was partially replaced by various quantities and types of ground brick in mortar and concrete. Compressive strength, pore size distribution and sorptivity of mortar generally all benefit from the presence of ground brick and the greatest effect can be seen after water curing for one year. Compressive strength of concrete is also shown to increase as the fineness of ground brick increases although the optimum particle size for ground brick in concrete is still to be determined. The ground bricks investigated have a significant effect on the performance of ground brick mortar when exposed to sodium sulphate solution and synthetic seawater. It is seen that depending on the chemical and phase composition, the effect of ground brick can increase substantially the rate of deterioration of mortar or can reduce significantly the expansion observed. No definite mechanism was identified as being responsible for the observed deterioration of mortar exposed to sodium sulphate solution although it seems likely that water intake due to ettringite formation and adsorption of water by the resultant colloidal product are the primary causes of expansion. Sulphate content, glass content and oxide chemistry of brick are key factors as to its performance when used as a cement replacement material in mortar. Bricks with a high proportion of low calcium glass make very effective pozzolans. Bricks with high calcium glass or a low proportion of glass should not be used as pozzolans. Small amounts of sulphate in ground brick do not have any serious deleterious effects on ground brick mortars and can be beneficial. It is established that it is technically feasible to partially replace cement with ground brick in mortar and concrete, depending on its chemical and phase composition to produce a more durable, cost effective and (due to the lower cement content) a less environmentally damaging material than that produced without cement replacement.

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Rubach, Brenda S. "A field guide for the preservation of historic brick and mortar in Mississippi". Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722437.

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Craftsmen of past generations built to last, and the brick buildings they constructed can last for centuries if they are not mistreated. Although brick masonry is one of the most durable building materials, its durability can be threatened by improper cleaning and repointing techniques and materials. Many brick surfaces have been--and currently are being--disfigured, and the rate of deterioration often accelerated, because of the lack of knowledge of proper preservation techniques for historic bricks and mortar.This field guide provides a single source of information regarding inspection of historic brick buildings; the causes of deterioration, diagnoses and treatments; appropriate materials and methods for repointing; various cleaning methods; and surface coatings (including waterproof and water-repellent coatings, paint and stucco). This manual can be used to assist persons responsible for the care of old and historic brick buildings: owners of houses or commercial buildings, administrators, architects, contractors, and anyone else who wants to maintain or sympathetically restore or rehabilitate brick buildings.While masonry work generally should only be done by professionals, this field guide will enable a building owner or administrator to understand proper preservation techniques and oversee the project to ensure that the architect or contractor is following the recommended preservation procedures. The Mississippi Department of Archives and History will use this creative project as a reference manual and as a handout to persons undertaking restoration of historic brick buildings.Historic architecture is a viable link between generations of the past and those of the present and future. Proper maintenance and restoration techniques can ensure that a historic brick building will endure for generations to come.
Department of Architecture

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Westerlund, Johanna y Mikael Westin. "Showrooming – Displayed and played. : - A case study from a brick-and-mortar perspective". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-359435.

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Purpose - The purpose of this study was to deepen the understanding of how showrooming affect the exploited brick-and-mortar businesses. This was done by investigating an industry characterized by high levels of employee knowledge where the expertise of the personnel create showrooming incentives. Methodology - The study applied a qualitative case study where semi-structured interviews was held with employees of a firm representing the case of an exploited firm. Findings - The empirical findings suggest that showrooming may affect the exploited firm in the areas; profits, offerings, channels, and personnel. Profit-losses due to showrooming may force the exploited firm to reduce number of personnel and working hours, decrease store areas and close of unprofitable stores, change the product and services offered, change how products are displayed, and in what channels the products are available. Further it may give rise to internal channel conflicts, and affect personnel motivation and sales performance. Practical Implications - A perceived showroomer should be treated as a paying customer to avoid misjudgment of character and a loss in service level. Private labels and exclusive selling rights allow for higher profits while reducing showrooming opportunities. In addition to this, rewards for cross-channel retention, synchronized channel information, and price consistency across channels may reduce internal conflicts. Contribution - This study contributes to the young research area of showrooming by assessing the effects an exploited firm may encounter when faced with showroomers.

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11

Rong, Sike. "Networking Communications for a Collective Retailing District of Small Scale Brick-And-Mortar Stores". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1593171660317983.

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12

Jönsson, Marcus, Richard Patrini y Nicolò Sammartini. "Online Retailers Opening Brick and Mortar Stores and the Impact on the Customer Base: The Case of NetOnNet". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354812.

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During recent years, technology has played a crucial role in shaping the retail industry. Digitalisation and e-commerce are seen as the future of retailing. However, big online retailers have shown increasing interest in offline shopping by heavily investing in brick and mortar stores. The strategy of a retailer making use of both offline and online channels is called omnichannel strategy. This study investigates why online retailers are investing in physical stores and what is the impact of this decision on their customer base. The study uses a two-step research. First, a case study on the Swedish retailer NetOnNet is conducted to confirm the theoretical framework and build the research model. Then, a quantitative research with questionnaire is used to investigate the impact of an omni-channel strategy on the consumers’ attitudes towards the retailer. The results show that awareness and control are the factors most affected by an omni-channel strategy. Instead, having both an online and offline presence does not have a relevant impact on the factors trust, perceived risk and personalisation.

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13

Lagström, Philip y Gustaf Stenlund. "A study of how the Brick and Mortar business can utilize Location-based Marketing in Sweden. : Technologies, Strategies, Privacy & Integrity and Receptiveness from a consumer and expert perspective". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25888.

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Title: A study of how the Brick and Mortar business can utilize Location-based Marketing in Sweden. - Technologies, Strategies, Privacy & Integrity and Receptiveness from a consumer and expert perspective. Date: 2014-05-20 Level: Bachelor Thesis in Marketing Authors: Philip Lagström and Gustaf Stenlund. Supervisor: Klaus Solberg Søilen. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to create an understanding of what location-based marketing is and how brick and mortar businesses in Sweden can use this type of marketing, and how it affects sales and the customer experience. The objective is also to find out how consumers percept location-based marketing and possible privacy and integrity concerns. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework begins with theory regarding Smartphone usage in Sweden and privacy & integrity concerns. The theory also discusses the brick and mortar business. Further, it discusses what kinds of techniques and methods that are used by location-based marketing today is, and how push and pull strategies can be used within location-based marketing. Method: The research is based on a combination of a qualitative and quantitative study. This was made to get the experts point of view and also the consumers’ perspective. The qualitative part consisted of three interviews with experts in the field of location-based marketing, mobile applications, Smartphone marketing and digital marketing. The quantitative part consisted of a survey with 357 participants Empirical framework: The empirical study consists of interviews and a survey. It begins with the interviews with the three experts; this part involves thoughts regarding location-based marketing within brick and mort, best method of LBM, consumer receptiveness, negative/positive aspects, privacy and integrity and future prospects for location-based marketing. This followed by the results from the quantitative survey with our 357 respondents; the survey gives a consumer point of view on important factors such as Smartphone use, consumer interest regarding LBM, receptiveness, privacy and integrity concerns and loyalty. Conclusion: The conclusion made in this dissertation is that location-based marketing is a great part of the digital marketing mix, and could potentially work well for Swedish brick and mortar businesses. It has potential to create increased value for consumers, which in turn can develop into a loyal customer base. The respondents of our survey are not concerned about their privacy and integrity. However, it could be a devastating blow for retailers if dealt with incorrectly.

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14

Al-Defai, Nidhal. "The consequences of the dewatering of freshly-mixed wet mortars by the capillary suction of brick masonry". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-consequences-of-the-dewatering-of-freshlymixed-wet-mortars-by-the-capillary-suction-of-brick-masonry(01374525-5432-445a-a6b3-7833a5fb994d).html.

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The main water transport properties of clay brick are critically examined in respect of suction and water content. An experimental investigation is carried out to compare the sorptivity and vacuum saturation porosity with suction and “porosity” tests in the standards. The water retaining ability (desorptivity) of freshly mixed hydraulic lime and cement mortars is examined and the effect of hydraulicity, pozzolanic and non-pozzolanic additive materials, binder particle size and the chemistry of mix water on the water retentivity of these mortars are investigated. The inter-relationship of substrate (brick) suction and desorptivity of freshly mixed wet lime and cement mortar are investigated. It is shown that the initial setting time of dewatered freshly-mixed mortars is reduced by a factor of up to 80% and the final setting time is reduced by a factor of 60%. The extent of this reduction depends on hydraulicity. For the cured mortars, following dewatering in the wet state, the compressive and flexural strengths are increased by about 40% for cement mortar and by more than 3 times for lime mortar. The sorptivity of hardened cement and lime mortars is reduced by 80%. These results have implications for the British and European standards where mortars are cast in impermeable steel moulds in which dewatering cannot occur prior to setting. The accuracy of the methodology of the American Petroleum Institute (API) pressure cell technique for testing the water retaining ability of fresh mortars was critically examined. An experimental investigation was carried out in two parts, first by changing the controlled variables of the experimental set up. Second the consequences for the results obtained were evaluated. Experimental verification is undertaken of the fundamental Sharp Front equation S=(2KΨf)^(1/2) which describes the inter-relationship of capillary pressure, sorptivity, porosity and hydraulic conductivity.

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15

Hale, John P. "Building on a solid foundation : the use of bricks and mortar in house foundations in colonial New England". Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1260628.

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This study is intended to provide the archaeologist with a solid understanding of the use of bricks and mortar in colonial New England and to examine the construction of New England colonial residential structures to determine if attributes exist that would allow the development of a regional diachronic or synchronic typology for aid in dating the structures either relatively or absolutely. This paper examines the technology involved in the produc ion of bricks and lime mortar, the construction of seventeenth and eighteenth century foundations, and the social environment that influenced the use of bricks. From the information presented in the paper, the archaeologist should gain an understanding of bricks as artifacts in the New England colonial landscape in order to improve the manner in which b licks are investigated and change the way in which archaeologists view, and therefore r -,cord information about, bricks, mortar, and foundations in Colonial New England.
Department of Anthropology

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16

Pagnussat, Daniel Tregnago. "Efeito da temperatura de queima de blocos cerâmicos sobre a resistência de aderência à tração de revestimentos de argamassa". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/79843.

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Muitos pesquisadores têm procurado analisar a questão dos mecanismos de aderência entre argamassas de revestimento e substratos porosos, das mais variadas formas. Este trabalho insere-se nessa mesma linha de pesquisa. A partir dos referenciais teóricos pesquisados, definiu-se como objetivo principal desta tese contribuir para o entendimento de alguns dos fatores intervenientes no fenômeno de aderência entre substratos cerâmicos e argamassas de cimento Portland. O enfoque proposto visou identificar, prioritariamente, a influência de substratos cerâmicos com diferentes temperaturas de queima (e conseqüentemente diferentes padrões de porosidade e absorção de água), e sua relação com a resistência de aderência adquirida pelo sistema de revestimento, sob condições específicas. Foi proposto um programa experimental onde uma argamassa com características específicas foi assentada em blocos cerâmicos lisos ou com estrias verticais. Esta argamassa revestiu blocos com diferentes capacidades de absorção de água, obtidas através da queima dos mesmos em diferentes temperaturas: 700, 800, 900 e 1000°C. Variaram-se também as condições na interface entre argamassa e substrato: sem nenhum tratamento da área de contato, ou então reduzindo o potencial contato superficial e consequentemente a penetração de água/pasta nos poros em 50% da área do bloco cerâmico. Foram mapeadas as principais propriedades dos blocos cerâmicos que se alteraram ou mantiveram com o processo de queima, de modo a verificar sua influência sobre os resultados de aderência à tração das argamassas neles assentados. Os resultados demonstram que a alteração da temperatura de queima dos blocos, bem como a introdução de restrições para a absorção de água e/ou pasta dos blocos, variaram consideravelmente os resultados de aderência à tração dos revestimentos. Há uma relação significativa entre a estrutura de poros do substrato, em função da temperatura de queima, e a resistência de aderência do sistema de revestimento.
Over the centuries, mortar renderings have been considered a traditional building technique. However, even recent technologic improves couldn't eliminate some pathologies problems such as detachments. In Brazil, particularly, many researchers have been studying the adhesion mechanisms between mortar renderings and porous substrates in different ways. This work is part of this interest point. After the theoretical research realized, the main objective of this doctoral thesis consisted to contribute to the understanding of bond strength phenomenon, specially of some factors involved between ceramic substrates and Portland cement mortars. The proposed approach aimed to identifying the influence of ceramic substrates with different firing temperatures (and therefore with different porous surface and water absorption), and its relationship to bond strength acquired by the mortar rendering system under specific conditions. A Lime-Portland Cement mortar with specific characteristics was applied on smooth or grooved surfaces of ceramic blocks. The firing temperature of production of these ceramic blocks was 700, 800, 900 and 1000 ° C. Furthermore, the interface conditions between mortar and ceramic substrate also was varied: without any contact surface treatment, or reducing potential contact surface (and thus water/paste penetration) in the 50% area of ceramic blocks. After, had been identified the main properties of ceramic blocks that have changed or remained after the firing process, so check their influence on the results of tensile bond strenght of mortars settled on them. The results show that with changing the firing temperature of the blocks as well as the introduction of pore sealing areas to the absorption of water and / or binder in blocks surfaces, the tensile bond strength of mortar renderings also varied considerably. There is a significant relationship between pore structure of the ceramic substrate, depending on the firing temperature, and the bond strength of the mortar rendering system.

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17

Bergström, Stacey Isabel, Philip Svenningsson y Anton Thoresson. "The Era of Artificial Intelligence in Swedish Banking : Exploring Customer Attitudes Towards AI as a Substitute to Brick and Mortar Offices". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39859.

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Background: The wave of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is marching on, replacing jobs and traditional services, and is predicted to be one of the biggest marketing trends in the close future. Four of the major Swedish banks have started to implement AI as a customer service channel. Simultaneously, the Swedish banking industry is experiencing an all-time low in customer satisfaction, where one of the main reasons is the diminishing number of local branches. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the attitudes that customers have towards AI in customer service, as a substitute to local brick and mortar offices within the Swedish bank industry, as well as uncover any significant factors that could influence these attitudes. Method: This is a qualitative study of exploratory nature where five focus groups have been used to collect empirical data. A total sample of 26 participants, ranging from 20-55 years old, have partaken in the focus groups. Conclusion: Findings show that there mainly exists a negative attitude towards AI as a substitute to brick-and-mortar offices, but positive attitudes towards it as a complement. Factors that influence the attitudes were found to be Convenience, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Trust, Risk and Social influence. Awareness and Prior Technological Experience were found to not have great influence on customer attitudes.

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Dorman, Alec J. "Omni-Channel Retail and the New Age Consumer: An Empirical Analysis of Direct-to-Consumer Channel Interaction in the Retail Industry". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/590.

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It is indisputable that the internet has become a necessary component of contemporary multi-channel retail, as more consumers are choosing to purchase goods online each year. As online spending continues to grow, many have called into question the future of brick-and-mortar retail. This thesis seeks to empirically prove that brick-and-mortar retail remains not only relevant, but indispensable in direct-to-consumer business models. The basis of this conjecture is the idea of channel synergism, in which online and brick-and-mortar operations are complementary. This theory is predicated on the emergence of the omni-channel retail, which is characterized by the integration of the various direct-to-consumer (D2C) channels to support cross-channel consumer interaction. To empirically test this hypothesis, key operating metrics were examined over the five year period from 2007 to 2011. By examining profitability trends and several D2C channel relationships, empirical support is developed to substantiate the claim that brick-and-mortar operations are not being driven into obsolescence by the growing prevalence of e-commerce transactions.

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19

BIÖRCK, DANIEL y TOM THOMASSON. "Factors that Affect the Strategic Choice of Sales Channels : A Study of the Swedish Clothing Retail Industry". Thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147768.

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The clothing retail industry has developed globally and is today one of the world’s largest industries. In recent years, Sweden has developed a competitive fashion industry, where the new trend in e-commerce is clear. Since e-commerce is a suitable strategy for rapid growth, it is especially important for managers to understand the impact e-commerce has on their businesses. To be able to have the ability to survive in the long-term industrial competitiveness, firms have to continuously improve their knowledge base about the factors that must be considered when choosing sales channels in the clothing retail industry. In this master thesis we have studied and analysed factors that must be considered when choosing sales channels. A literature review was done, where eleven initial factors that affect the choice of sales channels were identified. Thereafter, to conduct a comprehensive empirical study, we conducted eight case studies with semi-structured interviews with companies in the Swedish clothing retail industry, founded no longer than approximately a decade ago to cover the recent developments in the industry. The empirical study resulted in that six factors from the literature were reinforced and that four new factors were identified. These ten final factors were thereafter analysed from two main perspectives: company focus and consumer focus. Finally, the impact of the final factors on the three different sales channels; online, brick-and-mortar and retailing, was discussed. The ten final factors are: Marketing and Customer Loyalty, High Costs, Customer Behaviour, Outsourcing or Insourcing, Managerial Productivity, Intangibility and Tangibility, Fill a Gap, Customer Experience Control, Spread of Distribution and Type of Assortment. Our contribution to previous research is that this study has a more distinct company focus, and due to the development of e-commerce this study has captured the new characteristics of the industry.

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20

Eklund, Emelie y Aweza Midia Diliwi. "Blippa dig till en sömlös handel! : En experimentell studie om hur digital teknik i den fysiska butiken höjer butiksupplevelsen". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-21705.

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Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Det råder en allmän oro rörande den fysiska butikens framtid. Ett paradigmskifte inom detaljhandeln innebär att den fysiska butiken, för att upprätthålla effektiva och lönsamma affärer, inte längre kan förlita sig på historiskt framgångsrika affärsmodeller och praxis. Istället anses teknik tillsammans med exceptionell service vara två av de viktigaste strategiska faktorerna, vilka kan komma att rädda den fysiska butikens existens. De företag som framgångsrikt lyckas konkurrera via tekniskt levererad service, kommer också långsiktigt att möta efterfrågan hos den digitala kunden. Syfte: Denna masteruppsats syftar till att undersöka vilken effekt som integrering av digitala tekniker i fysisk butik har på kundens upplevelse av butik. Studien ämnar även undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar förhållandet mellan kundens upplevelse av butik och digital teknik. Metod: Syftet uppfylls genom att studera en faktisk butik, där en digital teknik, Near Field Communication (NFC), integrerats. Studien är i den bemärkelsen en fallstudie. Vidare har en experimentell forskningsdesign av kvalitativ karaktär anammats, där den empiriska datan huvudsakligen grundar sig i semistrukturerade konsumentintervjuer. Slutsats: En stor majoritet av respondenterna ansåg att den testade tekniken kunde få dem att handla i fysisk butik oftare. Följaktligen påvisar integrering av digital teknik i fysisk butik en positiv effekt på kundens upplevelse av butik, där integrering och användning av NFC-tekniken möjliggör en höjning av kundens upplevelse. Resultatet påvisar vidare att faktorer som flexibilitet, effektivitet, tillgänglighet, valmöjligheter, bekvämlighet, upplevd tid och energi samt generationstillhörighet påverkar förhållandet mellan kundens upplevelse av butik och digital teknik.
Background and problem discussion: There is a general concern about the future of the physical store. A paradigm shift in retail means that the physical store, in order to maintain efficient and profitable business, can no longer rely on historically successful business models and practices. Instead, technology together with exceptional service is considered to be two of the most important strategic factors, which may save the physical store's existence. Purpose: This master thesis aims to investigate the effect that integration of digital technologies in the physical store have on the customer’s experience of the store. The study also aims to investigate which factors affect the relationship between the customer's experience of the store and digital technology. Method: The purpose is fulfilled by studying one actual store, where one digital technology, Near Field Communication (NFC), has been integrated. In this sense, the study is a case study. Furthermore, an experimental research design of a qualitative nature has been adopted, where the empirical data is mainly based on semi-structured consumer interviews. Conclusion: A large majority of respondents felt that the tested technology could make them shop in a physical store more often. Consequently, the integration of digital technology into the physical store demonstrates a positive effect on the customer's experience of the store, where integration and use of the NFC technology enables an increase in the customer's experience. The result also shows that factors such as flexibility, efficiency, availability, IV choice, convenience, perceived time and energy and generation affiliation affect the relationship between the customer's experience and digital technology.

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21

Cotner, Craig. "A Propensity Score Analysis of the Academic Achievement Effect of Increasing in a Blended Learning Environment the Student's Time in the Brick and Mortar Facility". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1600176689758776.

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Jóhannsson, Sigurjón. "Will Local Retail Survive When eTail Comes to Town? : 10 Planning Actions in Response to Increased Impact of E-Commerce on Brick-and-Mortar Retail". Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287273.

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Efter att e-handelsandelen av detaljhandeln har ökat har en förväntad och grundläggande förändring inom detaljhandeln ägt rum. Den framtida rollen för traditionell butikshandel i den byggda miljön är oklar. Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera hur och i vilken utsträckning detaljhandelssektorn har och kommer att förändras när förutsättningar och strategier för detaljhandeln ändras. I uppsatsen undersöks också på vilket sätt stadsplanering kan användas i syfte att möta utvecklingstrender och säkra butikshandelns fortsatta verksamhet. Efter genomförandet av en teoretisk studie, granskning av två detaljhandelskärnar i Reykjavík och genomförande och analys av semistrukturerade intervjuer presenteras tio planeringsåtgärder i ett strategiskt förslag. De viktigaste resultaten visar på att butikshandeln och e-handeln har börjat knytas samman på flera sätt. I stället för att se på e-handeln som ett problem som stör status quo, bör den betraktas som en utmaning som, om korrekt hanterad, kan förvandlas till en möjlighet. Att säkerställa fortsatt stadsförnyelse, reglera balansen mellan olika typer av verksamheter samt att uppmuntra till kreativ användning av stadens lokaler och platser är bland resultaten i det strategiska förslaget. Även i en tid av sociala medier, artificiell intelligens och det till synes oändliga flödet av information, kvarstår behovet av social kontakt – kanske viktigare nu än någonsin.
A foreseen fundamental change in retail following increased e-commerce share of retail sales has begun. The future role of traditional brick-and-mortar retail in the built environment is unclear. The aim of this thesis is to study how and to what extent the retail sector has and will change, in times of transforming retail practices, and by which means urban planning can be used for responding to the trend in order to ensure and sustain continued operations of brick-and-mortar retail. After carrying out a theoretical study, examining two retail cores in Reykjavík and conducting and analysing semi-structured interviews, ten planning actions are presented in a strategic proposal. The main findings suggest that brick-and-mortar retail and e-commerce have begun to merge in several ways. Rather than looking at e-commerce as a problem disturbing the status quo, it should be seen as a challenge that can be turned into an opportunity if handled appropriately. Ensuring ongoing urban regeneration, regulating moderate balance between operations and encouraging creative placemaking are among results listed in the strategic proposal. Even in the age of social media, artificial intelligence and the seemingly endless flow of information, the need of social contact remains – perhaps more important now than ever.

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23

Wamsler, Erika y Linnea Jonsson. "Reinventing Traditional Shopping". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37739.

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Digitalization has impacted online retailing heavily, however traditional stores have not changed as much in comparison. Earlier studies have not only suggested how stores could reinvent themselves, but also indicated that brands could have great advantages by doing so. Furthermore, the customer experience and it’s reinforced importance within brick and mortar has been highlighted. It has also been established that the customer experience could be strengthen by implementing advanced technology. Due to the lack of research within the subject and a mainly theoretical discussion about how and why stores implement advanced technology in store, this study aims to investigate from more practical point of view how and why companies implement advanced technology. This study has a qualitative method, by conducting a total of 7 interviews. Five interviews were conducted with employees within different retailing companies implementing advanced technology in store; BMW, Clas Ohlson, Volvo Car Company, Volkswagen and Synsam Group. To continue, two complementary interviews from a rather general market perspective were conducted; one with AMF Fastigheter on their new project The Lobby focusing on the development of the future store and one with Curiat (NZ) Limited a subject specialist on Augmented Reality, which was one of the most common technologies in this study. The study identifies several factors correlating to how and why brands reinvent their physical stores through advanced technologies. In order to implement the technology successfully, such as Virtual Reality, Augmented reality and Interactive Digital Signage, traditional retailers have to modify their business models and their operational skills within the organization. One main motivation as for why traditional retailers implement advanced technology is a changed consumer behavior and market. This puts a new kind of pressure on traditional retailers and stresses the importance of the customer experience. The customer experience and relationships can be strengthened by implementing advanced technology and are two important factors as to why retailers utilize advanced technology in store. Traditional retailers also use the implemented advanced technology as a marketing tool, in order to market themselves as innovative and meet the new market. In addition to this, there has been a change in communication between customer and store. Retailers can use the advanced technology in order to not only interact in a new way with their customers, but also communicate through various of their channels. This creates a smoother and more seamless experience for the customer, and connect offline with online.

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Haddox, Jefferson Lee. "Strategies Used by Retail Store Managers to Engage Customers". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6036.

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Between the years 2013 and 2016, e-commerce sales grew as a percent of total retail sales in the United States from 5.8% to 8.5%, an increase of $129 billion. Some brick-and-mortar (B & M) retailers struggle with maintaining the historic levels of revenue in their stores. A multiple case study design with retail store managers was used to understand what factors engage customers to shop at B & M store locations. The consumer-dominant value creation logic was the conceptual framework. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 5 retail store managers in Texas who demonstrated successful strategies for engaging customers in their B & M stores, and notes from observations. Data from semistructured interviews were analyzed with a traditional method to identify themes. The found themes included fun at work, customer connection, relationship, pride, and genuine care. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential to enhance the economic vitality and development in the surrounding community by creating additional jobs and generating additional income for members of the community that could be spent in local economies.

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25

Seedat, Suhail. "Understanding how utilisation of mobile applications as part of an omni-channel strategy can lead to value creation for traditional brick-and-mortar retailers in South Africa". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64924.

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This study seeks to understand how mobile applications can act as a value creating tool for traditional brick and mortar retailers. In South Africa, as throughout the world, the impact of mobile technology has had a tremendous impact on the way that businesses operate. Within a retail environment, the rise of online retailers has become increasingly relevant and the increase in the number of international brands who use mobile applications entering the South African retail market have increased. Brick-and-mortar retailers have now adopted an omni-channel strategy to combat this threat. Additionally as the mobile phone remains the primary basis for internet access in South Africa, smartphone adoption rates and mobile application usage are predicted to rise significantly within the next few years. Retailers need to understand how the use of mobile applications could benefit their business. A qualitative research methodology was used. Executives with vast experience in the retail industry, and who operated within retailers that catered to a wide income spectrum were questioned through the use of semi-structured interviews The results of this qualitative research showed that information sharing and transactional efficiencies could be achieved through the utilisation of mobile applications by retailers. These could be realised through the ability of the applications to enable data collection and analysis of consumer behavioural patterns and needs. Additionally the research conducted found that through the collection and sharing of information from and with consumers through the mobile application, retailers were able to become more customer-centric. This would allow retailers to become more informed and sensitised to the needs of the consumers and would assist in forging a more enlightened customer relationship management program. In summary, the findings of this research confirmed the ability of mobile applications, used as part of an omni-channel strategy within the retail environment, to create value for the retailer and co-create value between retailer and consumer through the use of the mobile applications to assist in information sharing between retailer and consumer resulting in a more customer-centric approach and enable transactional efficiencies to be achieved for both retailer and consumer.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
lt2018
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
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Erhart, Rodrigo Lopes. "Influência do chapisco com cinza de casca de arroz na aderência de argamassa em substratos cerâmicos com diferentes porosidades". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4234.

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A indústria da produção de cimento Portland é umas das que mais gera CO2 no mundo. É iminente a procura por alternativas com adição de subprodutos ou coprodutos na fabricação do cimento a fim de minimizar o impacto ambiental negativo da produção do cimento. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar algumas propriedades relacionadas à aderência e a influência da substituição de cimento por cinza de casca de arroz (CCA) em sistemas de revestimento de argamassa, em função da porosidade dos substratos empregados. O emprego de materiais cujas características nos substratos são diversas, seja por sua porosidade ou rugosidade, carece de pesquisas quanto ao preparo desses substratos. Neste trabalho foram produzidos substratos em cerâmica com sinterizações de 750, 900 e 1000 °C, em que o processo proporcionou rugosidades e porosidades distintas. Sobre os blocos foram aplicadas argamassas de chapisco no traço 1:3, com teores de 5% e 10% (em volume) de cinza de casca de arroz proveniente do processo de queima por leito fluidizado. Da mesma forma, foram aplicadas argamassas de revestimento com traço 1:1:6 sobre os blocos chapiscados. As argamassas foram caracterizadas nos estados fresco e endurecido. Os métodos de aplicação das argamassas (chapisco e revestimento) foram realizados buscando a minimização da influência da mão de obra. Para análise das propriedades de aderência dos chapiscos foram empregados métodos diretos e indiretos para estimar a porosidade dos substratos. Paralelamente, investigou-se a relação entre a rugosidade das faces dos substratos e a aderência das argamassas de preparo. Observou-se nesta pesquisa, dada à complexidade do fenômeno de aderência, que as propriedades de porosidade dos substratos sobrepõem-se à rugosidade das faces. O uso da cinza de casca de arroz tende a apresentar benefícios somente quando empregada sobre bases pouco porosas.
The Portland cement manufacturing industry is one of greatest CO2 generators in the world. It is latent the demand for alternatives with added co-products or by-products in cement in order to minimize the negative environmental impact of cement production. In this context, this work aims to evaluate the performance and the influence of the replacement of cement by rice husk ash (RHA) in mortar coating systems, linked with the porosity of the substrates employed. The materials used on substrates have several characteristics, either their porosity or rugosity, lack of research on the preparation of these substrates. In this work were produced masonry bricks with different sintering degrees. The work deals with the performance of mortar coating systems on ceramic substrates and concrete. Therefore, it will produce ceramic plates with different sintering degrees (750, 900 and 1000 °C). This process provides distinct roughness and porosity. Over the bricks were applied roughcast mortar (1:3 blend), with levels of 5% and 10% (by volume) of rice husk ash from the burning fluidized bed process. Similarly, mortar coating (1:1:6 blend) were applied on roughcasting bricks. The mortars were characterized in fresh and hardened states. The mortars (roughcast and mortar coating) application methods were conducted to minimize the labor influence. For analysis of roughcast mortars adhesion properties were tested direct and indirect methods to estimate the bricks porosity. In parallel, it were investigated the relationship between the brick roughness surfaces and the roughcast adhesion. It was observed in this study, as the complexity of the adhesion phenomenon, that the properties of brick porosity overlap the brick roughness. The rice husk ash tends to improve adhesion only when used on slightly porous brick.

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Kheiravar, Sara [Verfasser] y Thorsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Blecker. "Exploring the acceptance of ubiquitous computing-based Information services in brick and mortar retail environments - an integration of UTAUT2 and media system dependency theory / Sara Kheiravar ; Betreuer: Thorsten Blecker". Hamburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163662313/34.

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Hansson, Emma. "Detaljhandelns utveckling och digitalisering : Hur påverkas de fysiska butikerna av e-handeln?" Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-73247.

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Att det har blivit en ökad digitalisering i handeln de senaste 10 åren är ingen hemlighet. Internet har skapat möjligheter som tidigare inte funnits och att handla elektroniskt har blivit en stor företeelse på marknaden. Elektronisk handel, med andra ord e-handel, har ökat kraftigt de senaste åren och förutspås även att bli ännu större i framtiden. Digitaliseringen har gjort att människor har fått nya beteenden och att konkurrensen på detaljhandelsmarknaden har förändrats. Med både förändrat beteende och en annorlunda konkurrens påstås det att detaljhandeln är inne i ett skifte nu, ett skifte som förändrar branschen och med stor sannolikhet påverkar de fysiska butikerna på marknaden. E-handel har gjort det möjligt för minskade sökkostnader och priser, lägre distributionskostnader och att avstånd blir möjliga att sudda ut. Samtidigt har kunder efterfrågat smidiga och enkla affärer vilket har gjort att e-handel har vunnit allt fler kunder. Syftet med denna uppsats är att se om det blir någon inverkan på de fysiska butikerna inom detaljhandeln när det gäller försäljning, antal sysselsatta och antal arbetsställen när användningen av e-handel ökar i Sverige. Studien baseras på en kvantitativ metod där tidigare studier samt regressionsanalyser utgör grunden. Regressionsanalysen genomförs på data inhämtad från myndigheter samt organisationer och de tre beroende variablerna är omsättning per person i fysiska butiker, antalet sysselsatta i fysiska butiker samt antalet arbetsställen inom detaljhandeln. Resultaten som skattas tyder på att det finns en trend som visar att när e-handelsanvändning ökar så minskar försäljning per person i de fysiska butikerna, det går dock inte att säga att e-handelsanvändningen är det som påverkar försäljningen. Resultatet tyder även på att det inte med säkerhet går att säga att antalet sysselsatta eller arbetsställen kommer påverkas av en ökad e-handelsanvändning i Sverige.
That a digitization has taken place in the retail industry in the last 10 years isn’t a secret. The internet has created new opportunities and electronic commerce has been a large-sized phenomenon on the retail market. Electronic commerce, in other words the e-commerce, has increased sharply in recent years and is predicted to grow even bigger in the future. Digitization has created new behaviors among consumers and new competitive situations on the retail market. With both new behaviors and new competitive situation, the retail industry is changing and with great probability also the brick-and-mortar stores will be affected by it. E-commerce has made it possible to reduce search costs and prices, to have lower distribution costs and make it possible to overcome distance. At the same time, the consumers demand smooth and simple business, which has made e-commerce use even stronger among the customers. The purpose of this thesis is to see if the brick-and-mortar stores sales, employment or number of workplaces are affected by an increase in the use of e-commerce in Sweden. The study is based on a quantitative method with previous studies and regression analysis as the foundation of the study. The regression analysis is performed with data from retail organizations and the dependent variables in the regression is revenue per capita in brick-and-mortar stores, employment and number of workplaces. The results of the study indicate a trend in the retail market where the revenue per capita decrease in brick-and-mortar stores while the e-commerce use increase, however it cannot be claimed that e-commerce affects the sale in brick-and-mortar stores. The results also indicate that it is not possible to conclude that e-commerce use will affect the number employed or number of workplaces in Sweden.

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Schackow, Adilson. "Efeito das características pozolânicas de rejeitos de tijolos nas propriedades de argamassas". Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/620.

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The search for sustainable, economic, social and technological development has intensified the study of the use of recycled materials or wastes in order to minimize environmental impacts and also to reduce production costs. In this sense this work aims to develop a methodology for the production of mortars optimized from the point of view of properties and cost, from particulate clay bricks waste (CBW) of red ceramic, as partial replacement of Portland cement. The first part of the study deals with the characterization of the as-prepared ceramic clay masses (CCM) and CBWs from four industries of the northern region of Santa Catarina: Ceramic A and B (Joinville/SC), Ceramic C (Garuva/SC) and Ceramic D (São Bento do Sul/SC). The characterization of ceramic clay masses included XRD, XRF, FTIR, DSC and SEM analyses. The characterization of CBW also included techniques to determine the pozzolanic activity, particle size, surface area (B.E.T.) and density. The consumption of calcium hydroxide (CH) of the cement paste formed with CBW was also measured. After analyzing the characteristics of the CCMs and CBWs it was possible to determine which of the researched sources has the greatest potential for use as a substitute for Portland cement. The results indicated that the CBW from industry B (CBW-B) has greater potential to react with CH, followed by CBWs from industries A, C, and D. Fractional factorial design techniques for the design and analysis of experiments were used to evaluate the performance of each CBW in properties such as consistency and compressive strength (CS) of mortars and determine the influence of these three factors on properties: CBW content in replacement of cement (10, 25 and 40% by weight), water-cement ratios (W/C of 2.50, 2.85 and 3.2) and fineness of the CBW (125, 75 and 45 μm). It could be concluded that the CBW-B had the best performance to compressive strength (4.28 MPa) starting from a consistency index of about 260 mm. This result was obtained for a 14 replacement of 15% of cement by CBW-B, and a W/C of 2.5 (75 μm fineness). It was also possible to identify mixtures with minimized financial costs through numerical optimization. To give sequence to work, the CBW-A was chosen (since it presents results comparable to those of the CBW-B, because the industry A generates the largest amount of waste, and because it leads to a larger usage of waste, which is also interesting from the environmental point of view) to a series of other tests, to evaluate the effect of CBW-A on properties such as: consistency; setting time; water retention; porosity and water absorption; water absorption by capillarity; compressive strength at 28 and 90 days (CS28 and CS90); resistance to sodium chloride and sulfate; natural carbonation and tensile bonding strength. Unlike the factorial design, in the mixtures in this next research stage only the CBW-A content was varied (0, 10, 25 and 40% by weight).The W/C and CBW fineness factors were kept constant. The use of the CBW-A revealed positive effects on several physical properties such as increased water retention, increased CS28 and CS90, and decreased porosity and water absorption. However, it had a negative effect on the durability of the mortars (attack by sulfates), tensile bonding strength and setting time, but not so far as to make it impossible to use. The microstructures of mortars and pastes were also analyzed by SEM images and EDX. The mortars containing CBW-A showed a denser cement matrix due to CH consumption and additional formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), evidencing the pozzolanic effect of the waste. Thus, the methodology followed in this work, aimed at identifying optimized mortars containing brick waste, in terms of cost and properties, provided the criteria for the selection of waste and its effects on the properties studied, from the origin to the final product.
A busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável, econômico, social e tecnológico tem intensificado o estudo da utilização de materiais reciclados ou rejeitos na tentativa de minimizar impactos ambientais e também de reduzir custos de produção. Neste sentido este trabalho tem o objetivo de desenvolver uma metodologia para a produção de argamassas otimizadas, do ponto de vista das propriedades e custo, a partir de rejeitos particulados de tijolos (RPT) de cerâmica vermelha, em substituição parcial ao cimento Portland. A primeira parte do estudo trata da caracterização das massas cerâmicas argilosas in natura (MCA) e dos RPTs de quatro empresas da região norte de Santa Catarina: Cerâmica A e B (Joinville/SC), Cerâmica C (Garuva/SC) e Cerâmica D (São Bento do Sul/SC). A caracterização das massas cerâmicas argilosas in natura foi realizada através das técnicas de DRX, FRX, FTIR, DSC e MEV. Na caracterização dos RPTs utilizaram-se ainda técnicas para determinação da atividade pozolânica, granulometria, área superficial (B.E.T.) e massa específica. O consumo de hidróxido de cálcio (CH) da pasta cimentícia formada com RPTs também foi medido. Após a análise das características das massas cerâmicas argilosas in natura e dos RPTs foi possível determinar qual das fontes pesquisadas de rejeito possui o maior potencial para uso como substituto ao cimento Portland. Os resultados indicaram que o RPT da empresa B (RPT-B) possui maior potencial para reatividade com o CH, seguido pelos RPTs das empresas A, C, e D. Foram utilizadas técnicas de planejamento fatorial fracionado para o projeto e análise dos experimentos para medir o desempenho de cada RPT em propriedades como resistência à compressão (RC) e consistência de argamassas, visando avaliar a influência de três fatores nessas propriedades: teor de RPT em substituição ao cimento (10, 25 e 40 %, em massa), relações água-cimento (W/C, de 2,50, 2,85 e 3,2), e finura do RPT (125, 75 e 45 μm). Pôde-se concluir que o RPT-B obteve o melhor desempenho para resistência à compressão (4,28 MPa) considerando um índice de consistência de cerca de 260 mm. Esse resultado foi encontrado para uma substituição de 15% de 12 cimento por RPT-B, e para um fator W/C de 2,5 (finura de 75 μm). Foi possível também identificar misturas com custo financeiro minimizado a partir de otimização numérica. Para dar sequência ao trabalho, foi escolhido o RPT-A (por apresentar resultados comparáveis com os do RPT-B, porque a empresa A gera a maior quantidade de rejeitos, e porque a sua utilização requer um maior consumo de rejeito, o que também é interessante do ponto de vista ambiental) para uma série de outros ensaios, visando avaliar o efeito do RPT-A em várias propriedades, tais como: consistência; tempo de pega; retenção de água; porosidade aparente e absorção de água; absorção de água por capilaridade; resistência à compressão aos 28 e 90 dias (RC28 e RC90); resistência ao cloreto e ao sulfato de sódio; carbonatação natural e resistência de aderência à tração. Diferentemente das misturas do projeto fatorial, as misturas desta outra fase da pesquisa tiveram apenas o teor de RPT-A variado (0, 10, 25 e 40 %, em massa). Os fatores W/C e finura do RPT permaneceram fixos. O uso do RPT-A revelou efeitos positivos sobre várias propriedades físicas como o aumento da retenção de água, aumento da RC28 e RC90, diminuição da porosidade e da absorção de água. Entretanto, causou um efeito negativo na durabilidade das argamassas (ataque por sulfatos), na aderência e no tempo de pega, mas não ao ponto de inviabilizar o seu uso. As microestruturas das argamassas e pastas também foram analisadas através de imagens MEV e EDS. As argamassas contendo RPT-A apresentaram uma matriz cimentícia mais densa devido ao consumo de CH e a evidenciando o efeito pozolânico do rejeito. Assim, a metodologia desenvolvida neste trabalho, visando a obtenção de argamassas contento rejeitos de tijolos, otimizadas em termos de propriedades e custo, forneceu os critérios para a seleção dos rejeitos e seus efeitos nas propriedades estudadas, desde a origem até o produto final.

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la, Fleur Filip y Gustav Lydén. "Verifiering av beräkningsmodeller för valvbågar". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85738.

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Valvbågar är frekvent förkommande bland historiska byggnadsverk, då det är en gammal byggnadsteknik som tillämpats i flera tusen år. En metod att analysera och dimensionera valvbågar med är trycklinjeanalys. I detta arbete jämfördes två olika valvbågar, den uppmätta bärförmågan jämfört med bärförmågan enligt de teoretiska beräkningarna. Mätningarna utfördes på Linnéuniversitetet och beräkningarna utfördes i programvaran GeoGebra som baseras på trycklinjeanalys. Resultatet från det första testet visade att valvbågen hade en kapacitet på cirka 60 procent av den beräknade kapaciteten. I det andra testet uppnådde valvbågen en kapacitet på cirka 84 procent av den beräknade kapaciteten. Slutsatsen är att det är viktigt att vara noga med att rätt information sätts in i beräkningarna angående valvbågens geometri, om detta inte görs på rätt sätt är risken stor att analysen blir fel. Den viktigaste parametern att ta hänsyn till vid analysen är upplagsförhållanden för valvbågen. Ett sätt att ta hänsyn till eventuella avvikelser från verkligheten och beräkningarna skulle vara att implementera en säkerhetsfaktor i programmet.
Arches is frequently used in historic buildings, since it is an old building technique that has been applied for several thousand years. A method to analyze and design of arches is funicular analysis. In this thesis, two different arches were compared, the measured bearing capacity compared to the bearing capacity to the theoretical calculations. The measurements were carried out at Linnaeus University and the calculations were performed in the GeoGebra software, which is based on funicular analysis. The result of the first test showed that the arch reached a capacity of about 60 percent of the calculated capacity. In the second test, the arch reached a capacity of about 84 percent of the calculated capacity. The conclusion is that it is important to be careful that the correct information is inserted into the calculations regarding the arch geometry, if this is not done correctly, the risk is that the analysis will be wrong. The most important parameter to take into account in the analysis is the support conditions for the arch. One way to take into account any deviations from reality and the calculations would be implemented a safety factor in the program.

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Radi, Kaoutar. "Matériaux bioinspirés : Optimisation du comportement mécanique en utilisant la méthode des éléments discrets". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI066/document.

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Les matériaux naturels tels que l'os et la nacre d’ormeau sont constitués de blocs de construction relativement faibles et présentent pourtant souvent des combinaisons remarquables de rigidité, de résistance à la rupture et de ténacité. Ces performances sont dues en grande partie à leurs architectures de brique et de mortier. De nombreux efforts sont consacrés à la duplication de ces principes dans les matériaux synthétiques. Toutefois, les progrès sont en grande partie basés sur des approches empiriques, qui prennent beaucoup de temps et ne garantissent pas la réalisation optimale.La modélisation est une alternative attrayante pour guider la conception et les voies de traitement de ces matériaux. Dans ce travail, nous développons un modèle numérique basé sur la méthode des éléments discrets (DEM) pour comprendre les mécanismes de renforcement et optimiser les propriétés mécaniques des matériaux de type nacre en fonction de leurs paramètres microstructurales. Le modèle suit l’évolution de la fissure, prend en compte de différents mécanismes de renforcement et évalue quantitativement la rigidité, la résistance à la rupture et la ténacité. Une approche intéressante, basée sur l'imagerie EBSD, est présentée pour modéliser le matériau réel et ses différentes variations microstructurales. Les résultats sont ensuite combinés pour fournir des directives de conception pour les composites synthétiques de type brique et mortier comprenant uniquement des constituants fragiles
Natural materials such as bone and the nacre of some seashells are made of relatively weak building blocks and yet often exhibit remarkable combinations of stiffness, strength, and toughness. Such performances are due in large part to their brick and mortar architectures. Many efforts are devoted to translate these design principles into synthetic materials. However, much of the progress is based on trial-and-error approaches, which are time consuming and do not guarantee that an optimum is achieved.Modeling is an appealing alternative to guide the design and processing routes of such materials. In this work, we develop a numerical model based on Discrete Element Method (DEM) to understand the reinforcement mechanisms and optimize the mechanical properties of nacre-like materials based on their microstructural parameters. The model follows the crack propagation, accounts for different reinforcement mechanisms, and quantitatively assess stiffness, strength, and toughness. An interesting approach, based on EBSD imaging, is presented to model the real material and its different microstructural variations. Results are then combined to provide design guidelines for synthetic brick-and-mortar composites comprising with only brittle constituents

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Lopes, Patrik Américo Pollizello. "Efeito da adição de resíduo particulado de tijolos em propriedades de argamassas para construção". Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1639.

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Portland cement is a material used in large scale in Brazil and worldwide. However, its manufacturing process is attached to impacting environmental problems. Thus, the use of recyclable materials with pozzolanic characteristics has been studied to partially replace cement in applications such as mortars and concretes. Therefore, this work aims to study the effect of partial replacement of Portland cement with clay brick waste (CBW) on properties of lime-cement mortars (cement and hydrated lime) for building applications. A statistical study using a fractional factorial design 33-1 considered three factors and three levels for each factor, which were the residue content for cement mortars (%CBW of 10%, 25% and 40%), his particle size (PS of 125μm, 75μm and 45μm) and water/cement ratio (W/C of 2.50, 2.85 and 3.20). The properties measured were the consistency index for fresh and the compressive strength at various ages for hardened properties. The physical, chemical and microstructural characterizations of mortars with and without RPT were performed in order to correlate their mechanical and microstructural properties. Thus, the CBW has been shown to act as a pozzolanic material, with an addition of up to 40% could be performed without the physical and mechanical properties were impaired. The particle size was found to be important in the pozzolanicity of the waste, being more efficient at lower values than 75μm, inclusive. Through the characterization of the mortars was observed the consumption of calcium hydroxide, caused by the pozzolanic reaction of the CBW, forming the calcium silicate hydrate gel, increasing the density of the cementitious matrix and improving the cohesion between the elements of the mixture.
O cimento Portland é um material consumido em grande escala no Brasil e no mundo. Porém, seu processo de fabricação é ligado a problemas ambientais impactantes. Com isso, a utilização de materiais recicláveis, com características pozolânicas, vem sendo estudado para substituir parcialmente o cimento em aplicações como argamassas e concretos. Portanto, este trabalho tem como finalidade estudar o efeito da substituição parcial do cimento Portland por resíduo particulado de tijolo (RPT) nas propriedades de argamassas mistas (cimento e cal hidratada) para aplicação na construção civil. Um estudo estatístico utilizando um projeto fatorial fracionado 33-1 levou em consideração três fatores e três níveis para cada fator, os quais foram o teor de resíduo em substituição ao cimento (%RPT de 10%, 25% e 40%), o tamanho de partícula do resíduo (TP de 125μm, 75μm e 45μm) e o fator água/cimento (W/C de 2,50, 2,85 e 3,20). As propriedades medidas foram o índice de consistência para o estado fresco e a resistência à compressão em várias idades para o estado endurecido. A caracterização física, química e microestrutural das argamassas com e sem RPT foram realizadas a fim de correlacionar suas propriedades mecânicas e microestruturais. Com isso, o RPT se mostrou capaz de agir como material pozolânico, sendo que uma adição de até 40% pôde ser realizada, sem que as propriedades físicas e mecânicas fossem prejudicadas. A granulometria mostrou-se importante na pozolanicidade do resíduo, sendo mais eficiente em valores menores do que 75μm, incluindo este. Através da caracterização das argamassas foi observado o consumo do hidróxido de cálcio causado pela reação pozolânica do RPT, formando o gel de silicato de cálcio hidratado, densificando a matriz cimentícia e melhorando a coesão entre os elementos da mistura.

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Wedebrand, Axel y Charlotta Ödling. "The Role of the Physical Store in an Omnichannel Strategy : A qualitative study of Generation Z in the Swedish fashion industry". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185314.

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The modern retail landscape is experiencing a continuous change due to digitalization. With the growing number of available channels, consumers' consequent behavior within the fashion retail environment are becoming ever more complex. Which thus poses a challenge for fashion retailers in trying to not only understand them, but how to serve them best. Along this evolution of retail due to digitalization, physical retail stores have closed down due to the increasing competition from e-commerce, although it remains the biggest distribution channel. The role of the physical store is thus experiencing elements of an existential crisis. In this, Generation Z remains an ambiguous consumer segment whose importance will only increase as the generation comes into its purchasing prime. But, Generation Z is not yet well understood as limited research exists on the subject. And as they’re the digital native generation, where retail omnichannel strategies are commonplace, seeking to understand their attitudes, preferences and perceptions of omnichannel retailing, but also the physical store, is thus essential moving into the future. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to distinguish and explore the value of the physical store in the eyes of Generation Z in an omnichannel strategy, within the context of fashion retailing. RQ: What is the role of physical fashion stores within omnichannel strategy, in regard to Generation Z? In order to answer the research question, the method of choice was a qualitative one. The consequent empirical findings were gathered from seven semi-structured interviews, six from Generation Z respondents and one from the CCO of Gina Tricot, yielding a managerial perspective. Thus, allowing for triangulation opportunities. Moreover, besides the empirical findings, we present a proposed framework which illustrates how and why Generation Z’s behavior, preferences and perceptions have ultimately altered the role of physical stores to be one of increasing complementarity within the context of an omnichannel strategy. In describing this evolution, multiple characteristics of Generation Z are distinguished. Finally, this thesis provides a deepened knowledge on how retailers may use their physical store within an omnichannel strategy to better serve Generation Z consumers in order to enhance customer experience and satisfaction. The empirical findings exhibit the physical store as an essential part for consumers within the context of other available channels online. Where multiple aspects otherwise not satisfied through online channels, serve an important purpose for Generation Z consumers. This thesis may thus offer value for retailers in how to balance various appreciated aspects of the physical store, whilst incorporating some of the desired elements of online, to increase the customer experience of physical stores.

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Bank, Jakob. "Integrating online and offline worlds through mobile technology in physical stores : A quantitative study investigating the impact of technology readiness on the technology acceptance model for mobile technologies in physical retail". Thesis, KTH, Industriell Marknadsföring och Entreprenörskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231446.

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Customers uses both offline and online channels before the final purchase, retailers that are operating and selling their products both online and offline can benefit from aligning the experiences on their channels by using an omni-channel strategy. The smartphone is becoming a natural part of our day-to-day life and keeping us connected, also when visiting abrick and mortar retailers. Mobile technology therefore possesses the opportunity to integrate in-store experience with the online world for creating value for customers. But many retailers are struggling in their integration efforts towards an omni-channel strategy due toall the possible technologies to invest. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to investigate the acceptance of mobile technologies in a brick and mortar retail setting, the chosen technologies are beacons and augmented reality.This research investigated the mediating effect of the four technology readiness dimensions:optimism, innovativeness, discomfort and insecurity, on the constructs of the technology acceptance model: perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The research was carried out with a positivist research philosophy, inductive approach and lastly with an explanatory research design including a quantitative method. The data was collected through a survey, which got answered by 224 participants. The data was further statistically analyzed. The result showed that several of the dimensions of technology readiness had a significant effect on the constructs of technology acceptance model, especially the dimension: optimism. Thus, retailers that wants to introduce mobile technology into their stores should put emphasis on customizing their offerings towards the customers’ different level of technology readiness, especially optimism.

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Žáková, Michaela. "Příprava transparentních oxidických vodivých vrstev materiálovým tiskem". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449337.

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Thin transparent conductive layers containing ATO nanoparticles are a modern material that has found use in a wide range of optoelectronic applications. For liquid phase deposition there were designed and prepared compositions using a „brick and mortar“ approach combined templating agents. A sol-gel solution formed of inorganic precursors of tin chloride and antimony trichloride in the presence of ATO nanoparticles was mixed with a surfactant to improve the structure and wettability of applied films. Polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene (20)cetylether, sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate and polyvinylpyrrolidone were used as templating agents. Thin layers of these compositions were applied by the spin-coating method. Characterized parameters were resistivity, thickness and turbidity. A resul compositions showed relatively good electrical properties and high transparency and a potencial to be used for material printing.

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Vítková, Barbora. "Stavební průzkum a diagnostika objektu". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226968.

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The subject of this diploma thesis is the diagnostic survey of the masonry walls and the connecting bridge in the East Moat of Špilberk Castle. The thesis contains theoretical information about survey and diagnostics of building construction and then evaluation of diagnostic methods used for estimation of essential characteristics of masonry structures. In the practical part the diagnostic investigation of Špilberk Castle walls is processed. That includes determination of material characteristics of the studied structure. In the conclusion there is a suggestion of how to eliminate the structural defects found during the survey.

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Karki, Uttam. "Joint Determination of Rack Configuration and Shelf Space Allocation to Maximize Retail Impulse Profit". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1578912008563221.

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Saunders, Anthony James. "A muse of fire : British trench warfare munitions, their invention, manufacture and tactical employment on the Western Front, 1914-18". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/69476.

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The emergence of static warfare on the Western Front in late 1914, encouraged the reinvention of devices associated with siege warfare and the invention of hitherto unknown munitions. These munitions included hand and rifle grenades and trench mortars and their ammunition. At the outbreak of war, the British effectively possessed none of these devices and lacked an infrastructure by which they could be quickly designed, manufactured and supplied to the BEF. The British met this challenge with considerable success and the subsequent proliferation of trench warfare munitions had profound consequences for the evolution of British tactics on the Western Front. This thesis examines the processes by which these devices were invented, developed into manufacturable devices and supplied to the BEF. It considers their novelty in respect to similar devices from the American Civil War and the Russo-Japanese War. It looks at how their technical evolution affected tactical developments. The thesis discusses the relationship between the technical characteristics of these devices and the evolution of their tactical employment on the Western Front. It also considers how the characteristics of certain munitions, such as the Stokes mortar and the Mills grenade, directly effected tactics. It argues that the tactical employment of these munitions was dependent upon their functionality, utility and reliability. The present thesis provides a different model of trench warfare conducted by the British during the First World War and thereby demonstrates the significance of the novel munitions under discussion and the role they played in changing infantry warfare. This thesis also provides a different view of the Ministry of Munitions from that usually offered and argues that certain aspects of the Ministry’s role in providing the BEF with munitions has been overstated by virtue of its having underplayed the work of the War Office, while overlooking that conducted by the Royal Engineers in France.

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Novotný, David. "Stavební průzkum, diagnostika a návrh rekonstrukce objektu". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227624.

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The subject of this thesis is the diagnostic investigation of block A in the object at Rumiště 8, Brno. The work includes theoretical knowledge of technical surveys and diagnostic methods and their evaluation to identify the essential characteristics of masonry and timber structures. In the practical part is the diagnostic investigation processed. Part of the diagnostic investigation is the determination of material characteristics of the structure. At the end of the thesis is an assessment of the structure.

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Kopecký, Martin. "Průzkum a hodnocení zděné budovy zámečku". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265736.

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This diploma thesis deals with the diagnostics of masonry structures. In the theoretical part of this thesis it is described the system of assessment of existing structures and then the assessment of existing masonry structures. The next chapter states the methods of survey of masonry structures, including evaluation. The practical part of the thesis deals with the survey of the building of a small castle. This survey includes a brief history of the castle building, the preliminary inspection of the building and the research of the supporting structure. The result of the survey is to determine the material characteristics of masonry.

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Kayhan, Erhan y Leo Rönnbäck. "Dynamics in the Swedish Grocery Retail Industry : The current landscape, challenges and levers in distribution for Swedish grocery retailers". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264217.

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There is a significant transformation taking place in today’s retail landscape with the increasing adoption of digital technologies in society. Customers are finding new purchasing habits and retailers are exploring different channels to serve customers in. Observations indicate that the industry is heading towards an omni-channel landscape where retailers aim to provide customers with a unified shopping experience across channels and touchpoints as e-commerce rapidly penetrates the market. Currently, all growth for durable goods is attributable to online sales in Sweden, yet Swedish online grocery retailing has been lagging and still only constitute 2 percent of the total market share. A qualitative study was conducted to map out the challenges and levers for Swedish grocery retailers in distribution . Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 18 store managers from the three largest grocery store chains in Sweden. The study elicits a framework for firm controlled factors which define customer experience: price, promotion, merchandise, supply chain and location.
Det sker en betydande omvandling i dagens detaljhandelslandskap. Konsumenter hittar nya köpvanor och återförsäljare undersöker olika kanaler för att betjäna kunder i. Iakttagelser indikerar att branschen är på väg mot ett omni-kanal landskap där återförsäljare söker att ge kunderna en enhetlig shoppingupplevelse genom alla försäljningskanaler. Idag är all tillväxt för sällanköpsvaror hänförlig till onlineförsäljning i Sverige, men den svenska dagligvaruhandeln på nätet har legat efter och utgör fortfarande bara 2 procent av den totala marknadsandelen. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes för att kartlägga utmaningar och möjligheter i distribution för svenska dagligvaruhandlare. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 18 butikschefer från de tre största livsmedelskedjorna i Sverige. Studien använder ett ramverk som kapslar in faktorer som kan kontrolleras av företaget och som tillsammans formar kundupplevelsen: pris, kampanjer, sortiment, logistikkedja och plats.

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Bartoň, Vojtěch. "Metodika zkoušek historických cihel a zdiva". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409950.

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This diploma thesis is focused on methodology for sorting of solid fired bricks for reconstruction of historical buildings. The theorethical part of this thesis includes description of production technology of solid fired bricks and diagnostic methods. In practical part there are these methods aplied on the solid fired bricks, which are intended for reconstruction of the bridge in Sedlec. There are monitored changes in structure of solid fired bricks caused by repeated freezing and defrosting. This changes are monitored by resonant frequency method and ultasonic pulse method.

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43

Kuchař, Martin. "Stanovení modulu pružnosti zdiva ve směru ložné spáry". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227159.

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The determination of strain properties of masonry in the direction parallel to bed joints is a fundamental pre-requisite for designing structures, where masonry is subjected to horizontal stresses (e. g. strengthening with prestressing). The diploma thesis summarized techniques of determination of masonry modulus of elasticity presented in available literature. The goal is to suggest suitable methodology of determination of masonry modulus in direction parallel to the bed joints. In the practical part of the diploma thesis is that methodology verified by experimental test and results of tests are analyzed and discussed.

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44

Martins, Sara Sofia Baltazar. "Retail Distribution Planning to Brick-and-Mortar Stores". Tese, 2018. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/110501.

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Martins, Sara Sofia Baltazar. "Retail Distribution Planning to Brick-and-Mortar Stores". Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/110501.

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46

Sousa, Filipa Susana Caseiro de. "From Brick-and-Mortar to Click-and-Mortar : challenges and opportunities in the stationery market". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/26954.

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Nowadays, everything happens at a fast-pace and adaptation becomes crucial for a company to survive. This is why several retailers are becoming multichannel companies by opening online stores. Firms are not only trying to maintain their market share but they are also following the fierce competition. By opening a new channel, they face challenges and opportunities that should be addressed. That’s the situation of Americana, a stationery company that is planning on opening an online store. Thus, the focus of this dissertation is to understand when to homogenize or differentiate the offline and online channel in terms of pricing, assortment, promotion and returning policies when it comes to stationery retailers with two target segments: B2B and B2C. This dissertation is composed by a literature review that covers theoretical facts on the topics stated above. An additional theoretical background on brand equity will be added to understand if there is a brand image transference from channel to channel. Moreover, a consumer research will be conducted to acquire significant information on the subject. The results show that multichannel retailers should have the same prices online and offline; the online assortment should be the same as offline stores; they should offer a hassle-free return policy allowing pick up and returning online orders offline and the promotions in both channels should be the same for the end customer but can differ for the B2B segment. On top of that, our findings suggest a transference of brand image between channels for Americana.
No mundo acelerado e tecnológico em que vivemos, a sobrevivência de uma empresa depende fortemente da sua capacidade em se adaptar ao mercado. Esta adaptação poderá passar pela criação um novo canal de vendas através de uma loja online de forma a acompanhar a concorrência e assim manter a quota de mercado. Contudo, tal expansão implica um estudo detalhado de oportunidades e desafios que devem ser analisados. Este é o caso da empresa Americana, uma papelaria que está atualmente a investir no lançamento de uma loja online. Baseado no acima referido, o objetivo desta dissertação passa por clarificar quando se deve homogeneizar ou diferenciar os diferentes canais em relação a preços, variedade de produto oferecido, promoções e política de vendas (devolução e entrega). Este estudo estará focado no mercado de papelaria e em dois segmentos distintos: B2B e B2C. Esta dissertação é composta por uma revisão de literatura nos tópicos acima mencionados. Será ainda estudada a forma de como a brand equity possa ser transferida de canal para canal. Serão também obtidos dados reais através de um questionário aos consumidores. Os resultados mostram que empresas que operam em vários canais devem praticar os mesmos preços online e offline; devem disponibilizar uma oferta semelhante de produtos online e offline; as promoções entre ambos os canais devem ser iguais para o consumidor final, mas podem diferir para B2B. Os resultados sugerem ainda que há uma transferência de imagem entre canais no caso da Americana.

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47

Ye, Yu-Ying y 葉郁瑩. "Characterization of Oil Based Diffusion Material in Mortar and Brick". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74373804049866815677.

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碩士
雲林科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
98
Based on Fick’s diffusion law, diffusion of oil based liquid material in mortar and brick is analyzed. Experiment was conducted to obtain the data of diffusion depth versus diffusion duration under different environmental conditions. Neumann’s modification for advancing model is applied to analyze the data to obtain the diffusivity and Neumann’s constant, which are critical to evaluation of diffusion rate and speed of the diffusion material in the medium. The result is to be used in qualifying diffusion material for the technique of improving the moisture resistance of brick wall of structure.

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48

Chuang, Ya-Lan y 莊雅蘭. "Exploring a Firm’s Improvisation Process from Brick-and-Mortar to Brick-and-Click - Cases of Taiwan SMEs". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51681935681334930897.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
國際企業學研究所
100
Recently the integration of physical and virtual channels has been regarded as a future trend. For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), there exist too many limitations and barriers so that they need to learn by doing to go from brick-and- mortar to brick-and-click gradually. It fits the spirit of improvisation, which under current conditions people recombine existing resources to create a new performance. Therefore, this study is to explore how SMEs go from physical to virtual channels from the perspective of improvisation. 　　There are fours types of improvisation based on time pressure and uncertainty: full-scale, ornamented, discovery improvisation and planning. The researcher chooses four typical Taiwan SMEs- Aso, Hotel Quote, Johnson and Lion Travel on the basis of four scenarios and uses multiple case study to analyze their improvisation processes. The results of improvisation focus on the firms’ management and synergies they achieve as brick-and-click companies. 　　The results show that applying improvisation reduces the threats from external and internal barriers for SMEs, and four improvisation scenarios lead SMEs to different processes. Futhermore, SMEs make different choices regarding the management of physical and virtual channels due to different contexts, but in the end they would try to integrate both channels to acheieve maximum synergies.

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Chen, Ming Sheng y 陳明生. "Expcrimental study on mechanical behavior of brick､mortar and their interface". Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69529652202038962997.

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50

Lin, Wei-cen y 林韋岑. "A Study on the Reversibility of Mortar in Traditional Brick Monument". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24175875075023254094.

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碩士
國立成功大學
土木工程學系碩博士班
96
Abstract The brick buildings have destroyed most of the brick and wood ash Feng Jian and dislocation of spondylolisthesis, in the process of renovation, due to a shorter period and without proper materials, add Guchang to repair the cement to increase its strength, or in brick Made to other buildings on the reinforcement components, the loss of traditional buildings original style and features, when the use of traditional gray mortar joints in the repair process, often require a longer period. Zeelandia in Taiwan is the first European castle, for the European construction of the first case in Taiwan in the international history, architecture, military and culture are of very great significance, therefore the choice of papers Zeelandia south of Canqiang Gray slit for the study, first of all try to reproduce Zeelandia mortar (Antique mortar), the use of neutral carbonation testing machine to accelerate its speed and precision instruments through the mortar component of the analysis, to understand Antique mortar and Zeelandia Mortar difference, then use of improved materials mixing mortar traditional mechanical nature, can be restored hope in upgrading traditional brick buildings of overall strength, and planned test of whether the improved mortar reversible. The results showed that, of Antique mortar through the neutral conservation, the mortar will try again in early completion of carbonation, and through the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, thermmogravimetric analysis (TGA) , Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and ratio analysis of experiments confirmed that mortar and Antique Zeelandia Seongnam Canqiang gray joints similar ingredients; Antique mortar at the same time fully carbonation after the compressive strength of about 106.35 kgf/cm2, splitting the tensile strength of about 7.37 kgf/cm2, split its compressive strength of the tensile strength of about 7 percent. Mortar in the conservation improved after both higher water absorption, and mixing the ashes of the early test with a better split of strength; replacement fly ash and gypsum (10 per cent of gypsum in addition to replacement) in the neutral conservation of 7 days , The compressive strength are up to 70 kgf/cm2 above. Antique use of mortar and replacement of fly ash and gypsum mortar, brick and mortar shear tests showed that the mortar in the absence of Antique axial stress, the interface shear stress to 1.64 kgf/cm2; replacement 30 percent of the mortar in the absence of gypsum Axial stress, the interface shear stress to 2.29 kgf/cm2, and both are reversible.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Brick and Mortar Innovation"

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