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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Butadiene polymere"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 11 de febrero de 2022

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1

Singh, Pradeep, B. R. Venugopal, and Radha Kamalakaran. "Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy for Polymer Blends." Journal of Modern Materials 4, no. 1 (2017): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/jmm.4.1.31-36.

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Physical properties of the polymer can be altered by mixing one or more polymers together also known as polymer blending. The miscibility of polymers is a key parameter in determining the properties of polymer blend. Conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) plays a critical role in determining the miscibility and morphology of the polymers in blend system. One of the most difficult part in polymer microscopy is the staining by heavy metals to generate contrast in CTEM. RuO4 and OsO4 are commonly used to stain the polymer materials for CTEM imaging. CTEM imaging is difficult to inte

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2

Mcneal, Timothy P., and Charles V. Breder. "Headspace Gas Chromatographic Determination of Residual 1,3-Butadiene in Rubber-Modified Plastics and Its Migration from Plastic Containers into Selected Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 1 (1987): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.1.18.

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Abstract A headspace gas chromatographic procedure has been developed for the determination of 1,3-butadiene in rubber-modified plastics and in some foods. Polymer solutions or foods are equilibrated in sealed vials at 90°C, and headspace samples are injected into a gas chromatograph. 1,3-Butadiene residues are measured using a flame ionization detector and are quantitated by the method of standard additions or an external calibration curve. Refrigerator tubs, vegetable oil bottles, chewing gum, and foods in contact with this type of packaging were analyzed. Limits of quantitation varied with

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3

Vargas, M. A., A. E. Chávez, R. Herrera, and O. Manero. "Asphalt Modified by Partially Hydrogenated SBS Tri-Block Copolymers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 78, no. 4 (2005): 620–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547902.

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Abstract This work examines the modification of asphalt with hydrogenated poly (styrene-butadiene-styrene) copolymer containing different amounts of butadiene and ethylene-co-butylene. The polymer composition can be described generically as poly (styrene−[(butadiene)1−x−(ethylene−co−butylene)x]−styrene), where x is the hydrogenated fraction of the molecule. These hydrogenated (SBEBS) copolymers were produced by in-situ hydrogenation following a Ziegler-Natta catalytic reaction of poly (styrene-butadiene-styrene) tri-block copolymers (SBS), which were previously synthesized by anionic polymeriz

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4

Ling, Mei, Christine W. Curtis, Douglas I. Hanson, and James N. Hool. "Quantitative Analysis of Polymers and Crumb Rubber in Hot-Mix Asphalts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1586, no. 1 (1997): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1586-08.

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A method was developed to analyze quantitatively the amount of polymer in polymer-modified hot-mix asphalts (HMA). The polymers used were styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and styrene-butadiene styrene (SBS) at concentrations ranging from 1 to 6 mass percent in asphalt. The aggregates used were granite, gravel, and limestone. The procedure involved removing the polymer-modified asphalt from the aggregate by using tetrahydrofuran extraction and then analyzing the modified asphalt for polymer content with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. In addition, an FTIR analysis procedure was develo

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5

Urcheva, Yuliya A., Vladislav A. Kholodnov, Alexander M. Syroezhko, et al. "COMPROMISE ASSESSMENT OF THE PREFERENCE OF STYRENE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE COPOLYMERS, USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF POLYMER-MODIFIED BITUMEN, USING FUZZY SETS." Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) 55 (2020): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2020-55-81-97-102.

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The influence of structure of styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber on the quality characteristics of polymer-modified bitumen – produced on its basis – was identified. A program for a compromise assessment of the preference of such polymers using fuzzy sets was developed. A mathematical model was obtained that is recommended for use to optimize production and reduce costs in the industrial production of polymer-modified bitumen.

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6

Wang, Peng, Fu-quan Shi, Xi-yin Liu, et al. "Role of Aliphatic Chain Characteristics on the Anti-Cracking Properties of Polymer-Modified Asphalt at Low Temperatures." Polymers 11, no. 12 (2019): 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11122025.

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The anti-cracking properties of polymer-modified asphalt depend largely on the molecular structure of the polymer modifier. However, the mysterious structure-performance relationship is still elusive. In this paper, three kinds of polymers with different chain structures were selected to address this issue. The indices of styrene, trans-butadiene, aliphatic branched-chain, and aliphatic long-chain from the infrared spectrum were used to quantify the functional group compositions of polymer modifiers. Viscoelastic parameters, including relaxation time, dissipation energy ratios, and stiffness w

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7

Bartolai, Joseph, Timothy W. Simpson, and Renxuan Xie. "Predicting strength of additively manufactured thermoplastic polymer parts produced using material extrusion." Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, no. 2 (2018): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-02-2017-0026.

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Purpose The weakest point in additively manufactured polymer parts produced by material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM) is the interface between adjacent layers and deposition toolpaths or “roads”. This study aims to predict the mechanical strength of parts by utilizing a novel analytical approach. Strength predictions are made using the temperature history of these interfaces, polymer rheological data, and polymer weld theory. Design/methodology/approach The approach is validated using experimental data for two common 3D-printed polymers: polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile butadiene

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8

Halasa, Adel F., Bill B. Gross, and Wen-Liang Hsu. "MULTIPLE GLASS TRANSITION TERPOLYMERS OF ISOPRENE, BUTADIENE, AND STYRENE." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 83, no. 4 (2010): 380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3512953.

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Abstract Novel polymers that will contribute to a better combination of traction and tread wear in tire applications, which is historically difficult to achieve, have been developed. In this work, multiple viscoelastic polymers possessing multiple glass transition temperatures terpolymers of isoprene/butadiene/styrene were synthesized containing 45/45/10, 40/40/20, and 35/35/30 polymer ratios in 5-gallon laboratory reactors using tetramethylethylenediamine or bis(dipiperdino) ethane as a modifier. These polymers show two glass transition temperatures (Tg's); the one that occurs at higher tempe

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9

Lenart, Małgorzata. "Influence of the Composition of Cement Mortars Modified by Lime or Polymers on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Mortars." Key Engineering Materials 592-593 (November 2013): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.592-593.647.

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Cement – polymer composites are nowadays widely used in repair systems not only in case of concrete or reinforced concrete constructions but also in masonry. Polymers addition for example already at 5% m.c. modifies the structure of the cement – polymer composite in a way that many of the mechanical properties such as flexural strength, tensile strength or adhesion to substrates are improved. The paper presents the results of tests such as flexural, compressive or adhesion strength to ceramic substrate of hardened cement mortars with different composition, as well as selected cement mortars mo

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10

Yan, Li, and Ji Meng Sang. "Application of a Novel DOPO-Based Polymeric Phosphate Flame Retardant for Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.253.

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A novel flame retardant additive, DOPO-based polymeric phosphate (PFR-D), which simultaneously contained phosphorus and sulfur, was synthesized from 9,10-dihyro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphnanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), POCl3 and bisphenol S. And the structure of PFR-D has been characterized by 1H-NMR, 31P-NMR and FT-IR. PFR-D was used as additive in polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene alloy (PC/ABS). The UL94 V-0 rating was achieved by addition of 5-7% PFR-D in PC/ABS, the LOI reached 27.5%. The thermal degradation of PFR-D and polymers with it was investigated by TGA, and the results showed that

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11

Crossley, Glen A., and Simon A. M. Hesp. "New Class of Reactive Polymer Modifiers for Asphalt: Mitigation of Low-Temperature Damage." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1728, no. 1 (2000): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1728-10.

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Results from the low-temperature performance evaluation of a new class of reactive polymer modifiers designed to improve binder-aggregate adhesion in asphalt concrete are discussed. A living free radical polymerization process was used to prepare polyisoprene (PI) with short blocks of reactive silane-functional monomer at one end of the polymer chain. Performance was evaluated with the thermal stress restrained specimen test at a cooling rate of-10°C/h. The results obtained were compared with those for unmodified and styrene-butadiene (SB)-modified mixes. When added at 3 and 6 percent by weigh

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12

Brovko, О. О., and L. М. Sergeeva. "Phase morphology and properties of sequential polyurethane butadiene – polymethylmethacrylate semi-IPNs." Polymer journal 38, no. 4 (2016): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.38.04.279.

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13

Harsono, I., H. Hindarso, and N. Indraswati. "Base case simulation of a semi-batch emulsion copolymerization process: application to styrene/ butadiene system." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 4, no. 3 (2018): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2005.4.3.6.

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It has been long recognized that emulsion polymerization is a complex heterogeneous process involving transport of monomers, free radicals, and other species between aqueous phase and organic phase. Though there are a number of models available in the literature, most of them deal only with specific aspects in emulsion polymerization and are far from being general. To simulate this complicated process and to achieve an adequate level of understanding, a Polymers Plus software from Aspen Technology. Inc. was used. The objective of this work is to illustrate the principle of use of Polymers Plus

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14

Wang, Jian, Christian Hopmann, Malte Röbig, Tobias Hohlweck, Cemi Kahve, and Jonathan Alms. "Continuous Two-Domain Equations of State for the Description of the Pressure-Specific Volume-Temperature Behavior of Polymers." Polymers 12, no. 2 (2020): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020409.

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The two-domain Schmidt equation of state (EoS), which describes the pressure-specific volume–temperature (pvT) behavior of polymers in both the equilibrium molten/liquid state and non-equilibrium solid/glassy state, is often used in the simulation of polymer processing. However, this empirical model has a discontinuity problem and low fitting accuracy. This work derived a continuous two-domain pvT model with higher fitting accuracy compared with the Schmidt model. The cooling rate as an obvious influencing factor on the pvT behavior of polymers was also considered in the model. The interaction

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15

Trazkovich, Alex J., Tarik H. Akyuz, and Lisa M. Hall. "Effects of Copolymer Sequence on Adsorption and Dynamics Near Nanoparticle Surfaces in Simulated Polymer Nanocomposites." Tire Science and Technology 48, no. 1 (2020): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.18.470103.

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ABSTRACT We study a simple nanocomposite, consisting of a single spherical nanoparticle in a dense melt of coarse-grained copolymer chains, using molecular dynamics simulations. The polymers contain equal amounts of two monomer types, which differ only in their monomer-nanoparticle interaction (adsorption) strengths, and are placed in a random sequence or in a sequence of alternating blocks with various block lengths. This model is motivated by a need to understand copolymer sequence effects relevant to designing tire tread compounds, given the synthetic ability to adjust copolymer architectur

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16

Bauer, R. F. "A Two-Step Emulsion Polymerization Process Catalyzed by an Organic Diperoxide." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 77, no. 4 (2004): 776–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547851.

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Abstract An emulsion polymerization process is described which consists of consecutively polymerizing at least two olefinic monomers using an organic diperoxide with two independently functioning peroxy groups, namely 2,5-dimethyl-2-t-butylperoxy-5-hydroxy hexane. In the first polymerization step, the hydroperoxide group is activated by a redox reaction at low temperatures without decomposing the t-butyl peroxide portion of the initiator molecule. After charging fresh monomer, the t-butyl peroxide can then be thermally activated to initiate a second-stage polymerization reaction. This polymeri

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17

Roovers, Jacques, and Paul M. Toporowski. "Characteristic Ratio and Plateau Modulus of 1,2-Polybutadiene. A Comparison with Other Rubbers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 63, no. 5 (1990): 734–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538286.

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Abstract In the course of work on linear and ring polybutadienes with 62% 1,2 units, a number of discrepancies were noted with data on polybutadienes of various microstructure available in the literature. For example, GNο=870 kPa for our 62% 1,2-polybutadiene. This is larger than GNο=730 kPa for a 56% 1,2-polybutadiene and GNο=550 kPa for a 78% 1,2-polybutadiene sample. The cis : trans ratio of our 62% 1,2-polybutadiene, prepared with potassium counterion, is 1 : 4, On the other hand, the cis : trans ratio of 62% 1,2-polybutadiene prepared with a modified Li catalyst is estimated to be 1 : 2.

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18

Riaya, Ascencion, Montgomery T. Shaw, and Andrew Garton. "Oxidation of Elastomers in Aqueous Environments." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 67, no. 5 (1994): 775–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538709.

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Abstract Crosslinked 1,4-poly butadiene (BR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were oxidized in various ionic environments (water, neutral salt solutions, acidic and basic buffers). The acceleration of oxidation when the elastomer was immersed in neutral and basic aqueous solutions, compared to dry air, is consistent with nucleophilic attack by peroxy anions on polymer hydroperoxides to give free radicals capable of initiating further oxidation. Acidic solutions retarded oxidation, compared to air, presumably because of decomposition of hydroperoxides to nonradical products. This phenomenon i

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19

Shkundalova, Olena, Arvydas Rimkus, and Viktor Gribniak. "STRUCTURAL APPLICATION OF 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PRINTED POLYMERIC MATERIALS / KONSTRUKCINIS 3D SPAUSDINIMO TECHNOLOGIJŲ TAIKYMAS: SPAUSDINTŲ POLIMERINIŲ MEDŽIAGŲ MECHANINĖS SAVYBĖS." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 10 (December 21, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2018.6250.

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Additive manufacturing and modern printing technologies using polymeric materials extend the limits of industrial production and encourage applying 3D printing technique in many fields. An item of any shape and size limited only by the printing pad of particular equipment can be reproduced from a variety of materials. Polymers is the object of this research. It is known that mechanical properties of the printed elements are closely related with the manufacturing technology and vary significantly depending on the chosen production parameters such as printing temperature, velocity, and infill de

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20

Wang, Yu, Kenichi Oyaizu, and Hiroyuki Nishide. "Allylic hydrocarbon polymers complexed with Fe(II)(salen) as a ultrahigh oxygen-scavenging and active packaging film." Pure and Applied Chemistry 92, no. 6 (2020): 871–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2020-0102.

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AbstractMacromolecular metal complexes provide a molecular-based synergy function of organic polymers and combined metal complexes. A new category of macromolecular complexes includes catalytically active metal complexes immobilized by organic polymers containing reactive substrate moieties in their repeating units. Here, we describe the extremely efficient oxidation of allylic hydrocarbon polymers with the attached iron complex catalyst, as well as the efficient oxygen-consumption or oxygen-scavenging function of the matrix polymer film. The less toxic N,N´-di(salicylaldehyde)ethylenediiminat

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21

Ziąbka, Magdalena, and Michał Dziadek. "Long-Term Stability of Two Thermoplastic Polymers Modified with Silver Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 9, no. 1 (2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9010061.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of polymeric composites prepared via extrusion and injection moulding. Four stable thermoplastic polymers were used as composites matrices (two kinds of polymethyl methacrylate and two kinds of co-polymer acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene). Silver nanoparticles AgNPs were used as a modifying phase. Mechanical properties of testes materials were determined during the uniaxial stretching. Surface properties such as roughness and contact angle were also evaluated. The materials’ stability was assessed using scanning electron microsc

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22

Ziąbka, Magdalena, and Michał Dziadek. "Surface Properties of Polymeric Composites with Silver Nanoparticles." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, no. 6(132) (2018): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.5169.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the surface properties of polymeric composites and the osteoblastic cell behaviour set in direct contact with the biomaterials tested. The surface properties were evaluated before and after 6-month incubation in an in vitro environment. The composite materials were prepared by means of extrusion and injection moulding. Three commercially available thermoplastic polymers (ABS (poly)acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) were used as composite matrices. Antibacterial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were added as a modifying phase. Surface properties of the materia

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23

Valvez, Sara, Alberto Maceiras, Paulo Santos, and Paulo N. B. Reis. "Olive Stones as Filler for Polymer-Based Composites: A Review." Materials 14, no. 4 (2021): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040845.

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Olives’ consumption produces copious agricultural byproducts that have accompanied humanity for millennia, but the increasing worldwide production complicates its management. Most wastes are generated during olive oil production in form of olive stones and other lignocellulosic derivatives. Industrial processes of chemical or physical nature to recover economically compounds from biomass residues are costly, difficult, and non-environmentally friendly. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin biopolymers are the principal components of olive stones, which present interesting qualities as lignocell

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24

Abdullahi, Wasiu, Martin Crossman, and Peter Charles Griffiths. "Surfactant-Modulation of the Cationic-Polymer-Induced Aggregation of Anionic Particulate Dispersions." Polymers 12, no. 2 (2020): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020287.

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Commodity formulations contain many chemically distinct components and their mutual interactions define the beneficial characteristics of the formulation. Mixing oppositely charged polymers and surfactants invariably induces macroscopic phase separation, to a degree dependent on the prevailing polymer and surface charge densities, and the interaction can be modulated by added ionic surfactants. Here, it is shown that a general universality exists between the charge present on a series of cationic-modified cellulose polymers—the charge being controlled either by the degree of cationic modificat

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25

Taki, Zahir Noori M., Alaa H. Abed, and Hasan Al-Mosawe. "Evaluating Iraqi Modified Asphalt Concrete Moisture Resistance Based on Strength Ratio and Fracture Energy Parameters." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (June 26, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8521682.

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Two types of polymers (plastomer (functionalized polyethylene (PE)) and elastomer (styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS))) were used for shifting up asphalt binder performance grade (PG) and tensile strength resistance (moisture damage) of the asphalt concrete mixture. It is found that adding 3.5% functionalized polyethylene (PE) polymer to the binder is more effective than adding 4% styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) to shift up asphalt PG by two grades to PG 76-16. Furthermore, the viscosity of the binder increased about 200% when using 4% SBS, while there is no significant effect on viscosity when 3

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26

Kwiecień, Arkadiusz, Maciej Gruszczyński, and Boguslaw Zajac. "Tests of Flexible Polymer Joints Repairing of Concrete Pavements and of Polymer Modified Concretes Influenced by High Deformations." Key Engineering Materials 466 (January 2011): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.466.225.

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Three kinds of repair methods of cracked concrete floors are presented in the paper. One of them, based on coating using of polymer-cement composites, is discussed with presentation of the influence of different amount of styrene-butadiene co-polymer dispersion additive onto the shrinkage and strength. The next two correspond to injecting repair methods. There are also presented two different approaches in repair bonding of damaged floors. Following these ideas, results of testing of epoxy and polymer (PU) bonding of cracked specimens made of concrete and polymer-cement composites are discusse

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27

Hadj-Kali, M. K., A. Bessadok-Jemai, S. Haider, and Y. Alzeghayer. "Predicting Methane Diffusivity in Polymeric Membranes by Molecular Dynamics." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.461.

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Diffusion coefficients of methane (CH4) have been obtained by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations combined with Einstein fluid equation. Three polymers were considered, namely polyethylene, polypropylene and poly (cis-1,4-butadiene). All calculations were performed by means of Polymer Builder and Amorphous Cell modules within Materials Studio (Accelrys). The obtained diffusivity results are within the range of published results for similar small molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations proved to be a useful tool for understanding the detailed descriptions and transport mechanisms occurring wi

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de Almeida, Victor Hugo Martins, Marcelo Bento Pisani, Jose Carlos Camargo, Ericksson Fabiano Moura Sousa, Vaneide Gomes, and Erica Cristina Almeida. "Metallic Surface Coating of Polymeric Parts Produced by Additive Manufacturing Process." Materials Science Forum 1012 (October 2020): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1012.453.

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Metal coating films were deposited on the surface of the pieces of non-conducting polymers, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA). These three polymers have been used since they are the main raw materials available for fusion and deposition molding equipment. In order to achieve surface metallization by electrodeposition, it was necessary to apply a pre-treatment using the chemical polymerization technique in solution with the electroconductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) was deposited on the specimens. A uniform layer of PPy was depos

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Münstedt, Helmut. "Rheological Measurements and Structural Analysis of Polymeric Materials." Polymers 13, no. 7 (2021): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071123.

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Rheological measurements of polymer melts are widely used for quality control and the optimization of processing. Another interesting field of rheology is to provide information about molecular parameters of polymers and the structure build-up in heterogeneous polymeric systems. This paper gives an overview of the influence of molar mass, molar mass distribution and long-chain branching on various rheological characteristics and describes the analytical power following from established relations. With respect to applications, we discuss how rheological measurements can be used to gain insight

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Wang, Ru, Dao Xun Ma, and Pei Ming Wang. "Waterproof Performance of Polymer-Modified Cement Mortar." Advanced Materials Research 687 (April 2013): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.687.213.

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This paper tested the capillary water absorption, impermeability and cracking of cement mortars modified with three polymers respectively and founded the correlation of cracking with the waterproof performance. The results show that with the polymer content increasing, especially as the polymer/cement ratio (mp/mc) increases from 0% to 5%, the reduction in the capillary water absorption and the penetration depth of water into mortar is significant. When the mp/mc is more than 15%, the increase of the mp/mc in all mortars has little effect on the capillary water absorption and the penetration d

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31

Martín, María Jesús, Juan Antonio Auñón, and Francisco Martín. "Influence of Infill Pattern on Mechanical Behavior of Polymeric and Composites Specimens Manufactured Using Fused Filament Fabrication Technology." Polymers 13, no. 17 (2021): 2934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172934.

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This paper presents the results of a comparative evaluation of the tensile strength behaviors of parts obtained by additive manufacturing using fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology. The study investigated the influences of the deposition printing parameters for both polymers and fiber-reinforced polymers. Polymeric materials that are widely used in FFF were selected, including acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), and nylon. Carbon and glass continuous fibers were used to reinforce the nylon matrix in composite materials. The study utilized two manufacturing meth

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32

Walsh, Neil G., James K. Hardy, and Peter L. Rinaldi. "Use of 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis for Automated Analysis of Styrene/Butadiene Copolymers." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 6 (1997): 889–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971941205.

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Principal component analysis (PCA) is used here to determine percent composition of the four monomer units styrene, 1,2-butadiene (vinyl), trans-1,4-butadiene ( trans), and cis-1,4-butadiene ( cis) in styrene/butadiene rubber (SBR) copolymers and the three monomer units (vinyl, trans, and cis) in butadiene rubber (BR) polymers. Comparison of PCA with current methods is described. Cluster analysis is used to classify the SBR and BR into groups.

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Delda, Ray Noel M., Brian Jumaquio Tuazon, and John Ryan Cortez Dizon. "Assessment of Interfacial Adhesion of Adhesively Bonded 3D-Printed Thermoplastics." Materials Science Forum 1005 (August 2020): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1005.157.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the interfacial adhesion of Fused Deposition Model (FDM)-printed Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and Polylactic acid (PLA) bonded using commercially – available epoxy and elastomeric bonding agents. An adhesive was applied to the 3D printed specimen to quantify the interfacial resistance, the surface was then examined under an optical microscope in order to assess the reaction of the polymer to the adhesives. The results reported in the present work allow the conclusion of levels of bond improvement in the polymers.

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Marín-Genescà, Marc, Jordi García-Amorós, Ramon Mujal-Rosas, Lluís Massagués Vidal, Jordi Bordes Arroyo, and Xavier Colom Fajula. "Ground Tire Rubber Recycling in Applications as Insulators in Polymeric Compounds, According to Spanish UNE Standards." Recycling 5, no. 3 (2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling5030016.

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In the present research, we investigated the conceivable outcomes of using ground tire rubber (GTR) particle polymeric blends. Special methods of restoring tires that are no longer in use include GTR retreading, GTR blending destined for recycling to attain raw substances utilized in other industrial application production processes, and the valorization of GTR for power/energy generation. The recycling of end-of-life tires enables the recovery of rubber, steel, and fibers, all of which are valid on the market as raw materials to be used for other processes. There are methods to recycle GTRs i

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Raad, Lutfi, Stephan Saboundjian, Peter Sebaaly, and Jon Epps. "Thermal Cracking Models for AC and Modified AC Mixes in Alaska." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1629, no. 1 (1998): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1629-14.

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Low-temperature cracking is a major distress mode in Alaskan pavements because of the extreme temperature conditions—which range, in some instances, from about −50°C in winter to more than 40°C in summer. The use of asphalt modifiers in Alaskan pavements occurred over the past 15 years. These modifiers include Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene polymers, Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber polymers, ULTRAPAVE, and CRM [both the dry process (PlusRide) and the wet process]. Field observations and laboratory studies in Alaska and elsewhere indicate that the use of these modifiers would improve the low-temperature cr

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36

Lahtela, Ville, and Timo Kärki. "A Study on the Effect of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) Plastic Fractions on the Moisture and Resistance to Indentation of Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC)." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 8 (2021): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5080205.

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This paper investigated the moisture and strength properties of wood-polymer composites (WPC), which were made using three different recycled polymers using wood flour as filler. The recycled polymers were acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene (PE), which were collected from among the construction and demolition waste (CDW) at a local waste management center. The commercial additives, such as a coupling agent and lubricant, were also included in the materials. Composite materials were manufactured with an agglomeration and an extrusion process. Water absor

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37

Ren, Zhibin, Yongqiang Zhu, Qi Wu, et al. "Enhanced Storage Stability of Different Polymer Modified Asphalt Binders through Nano-Montmorillonite Modification." Nanomaterials 10, no. 4 (2020): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040641.

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The storage stability concern, caused by phase separation for the density difference between polymers and asphalt fractions, has limited the widespread application of polymer modified asphalt (PMA). Therefore, this study aims to improve the storage concern of PMA by incorporating nano-montmorillonite. To this end, different nano-montmorillonites were incorporated to three PMAs modified with three typical asphalt modifiers, i.e., crumb rubber (CRM), styrene–butadiene-rubber (SBR) and styrene–butadiene-styrene (SBS). A series of laboratory tests were performed to evaluate the storage stability a

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38

Mead, J. L., Z. Tao, and H. S. Liu. "Insulation Materials for Wire and Cable Applications." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 75, no. 4 (2002): 701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3544996.

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Abstract A wide range of polymers has been used for wire and cable insulation. Older materials include natural, butyl, and styrene-butadiene rubber. Newer materials include crosslinked polyethylene, silicone rubber, ethylene-propylene elastomers, and thermoplastic elastomers. Properties of importance to electrical insulation ability include dielectric constant, resistivity, dielectric loss, and dielectric strength. Flame resistance is also important in certain applications. This paper reviews the different polymeric materials used in cable constructions and the important electrical properties

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39

Vidakis, Nectarios, Markos Petousis, Emmanouil Velidakis, Marco Liebscher, Viktor Mechtcherine, and Lazaros Tzounis. "On the Strain Rate Sensitivity of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Processed PLA, ABS, PETG, PA6, and PP Thermoplastic Polymers." Polymers 12, no. 12 (2020): 2924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122924.

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In this study, the strain rate sensitivity of five different thermoplastic polymers processed via Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Additive Manufacturing (AM) is reported. Namely, Polylactic Acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS), Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG), Polyamide 6 (PA6), and Polypropylene (PP) were thoroughly investigated under static tensile loading conditions at different strain rates. Strain rates have been selected representing the most common applications of polymeric materials manufactured by Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing. Each polymer was exposed to five

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40

Kozlov, Georgii V., Jorge A. Cruz-Morales, Joel Vargas, and Mikhail A. Tlenkopatchev. "The Solubility of Hydrocarbon Gases in Glassy Polymers: Fractal Modeling." International Journal of Polymer Science 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/529021.

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This work describes the fractal modeling of the solubility ofn-alkanes,n-alkenes, methylacetylene, allene, ethylacetylene, and butadiene hydrocarbon gases in glassy poly(vinyltrimethylsilane) (PVTMS). The proposed equation represents satisfactorily the solubility coefficients of the hydrocarbon gases in glassy PVTMS as a function of the fractal dimension of the polymer and the effective diameter of a gas penetrant molecule. It is found that the calculated solubility coefficients have a good correlation with the experimental data. The proposed model can predict the solubility of hydrocarbon gas

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41

Eawwiboonthanakit, Netnapa, Mariatti Jaafar, Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid, Mitsugu Todo, and Banhan Lila. "Tensile Properties of Poly(L-Lactic) Acid(PLLA) Blends." Advanced Materials Research 1024 (August 2014): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1024.179.

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Poly (L-lactic) Acid (PLLA) is one type of degradable polymer which mostly used for bioplastic. PLLA has strength and modulus comparable with another commercial polymer and not degrade in general environment, however PLLA exhibits brittle fracture. In the present study, blending between PLLA with other polymers was carried out to improve the brittleness of PLLA resin. Polymers that been used in the blending process are synthetic rubber, waste rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid microsphere. Blend ratio (98/2) was considered in the study . The tensile properties an

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42

Crossley, Glen, and Simon Hesp. "New Class of Reactive Polymer Modifiers for Asphalt: Mitigation of Moisture Damage." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1728, no. 1 (2000): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1728-08.

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A new class of reactive polymer modifiers designed to improve binder-aggregate adhesion in asphalt concrete was evaluated. Using a controlled free radical polymerization process, polyisoprene was prepared with short blocks of reactive amino- or silane-functional monomer at one end of the polymer chain. The reactive polymers so synthesized were tested with a modified version of the Tunnicliff-Root method (ASTM D4867) for measuring retained tensile strengths after water immersion moisture conditioning at 60°C for 24 h. It was found that the retained tensile strength of the unmodified samples was

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43

Yue, Dongmei, Xinpeng Wei, Xunzhang Wang, Weimin Wang, and Liqun Zhang. "HYDROGENATED BUTADIENE-ACRYLONITRILE-BUTYLACRYLATE RUBBER AND ITS PROPERTIES." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 86, no. 2 (2013): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.13.88997.

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ABSTRACT Butadiene-acrylonitrile-butylacrylate rubber (BNBR), which is synthesized by copolymerization of butadiene, acrylonitrile, and butyl acrylate, retains excellent properties of oil resistance and heat resistance because of the introduction of -CN, -COOR in the polymer. However, the presence of a lot of carbon-carbon double bonds (-C=C-) could lead to deterioration of material properties such as thermal stability and ozone resistance. To improve the properties of unsaturated elastomers, further chemical modification of diene-based polymers is very critical. Hydrogenation is a useful chem

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44

Saldābola, Rūta, Remo Merijs Meri, Janis Zicans, Tatjana Ivanova, and Rita Berzina. "PC/ABS Nanocomposites with Layered Silicates Obtaining, Structure and Properties." Key Engineering Materials 721 (December 2016): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.38.

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Due it increasing use in electronics, polymers, mainly acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and its blend with polycarbonate (PC), are making considerable part of electronic waste. It has been proven that halogenated flame retardants used in polymers for electronics are toxic to environment and human health. Aim of the research is to evaluate the effects of nanostructured montmorillonite clay (D43B) addition on the mechanical and thermal characteristics of PC, ABS and its binary blends. The effect of substitution of virgin polymers in the blend with recycled ones has been also investigated. I

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45

Vidakis, Nectarios, Markos Petousis, Athena Maniadi, Emmanuel Koudoumas, Achilles Vairis, and John Kechagias. "Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene over Multiple Recycling Processes." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (2020): 3568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093568.

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Sustainability in additive manufacturing refers mainly to the recycling rate of polymers and composites used in fused filament fabrication (FFF), which nowadays are rapidly increasing in volume and value. Recycling of such materials is mostly a thermomechanical process that modifies their overall mechanical behavior. The present research work focuses on the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer, which is the second most popular material used in FFF-3D printing. In order to investigate the effect of the recycling courses on the mechanical response of the ABS polymer, an experimental sim

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46

Bevilacqua, E. M. "Oxidation of butadiene polymers." Journal of Polymer Science Part C: Polymer Symposia 24, no. 1 (2007): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polc.5070240126.

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47

Santoso, M., U. Giese, and R. H. Schuster. "Investigations on Initial Stage of Aging of Tire Rubbers by Chemiluminescence Spectroscopy." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 80, no. 5 (2007): 762–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3539415.

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Abstract The initial stage of the thermal oxidation aging process of polydienes (NR, BR, and SBRs) and polyolefins (EPDM) was investigated using the chemiluminescence (CL) method, which detects the low-intensity light emitted by the polymer oxidation reaction as a function of time. It thus quantitatively characterizes the kinetics of the polymer oxidation reaction and the aspect of the polymer microstructure during the thermal oxidation condition, the influence of the rubber mixture's ingredients or vulcanizates, and the role of the anti-aging agent. The oxidation induction time (OIT) — define

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48

Orlov, Y. N. "The impact of the of cationic polyelectrolyte polymerization degree in latexes coagulation dosage of synthetic emulsion rubbers." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 1 (2019): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-1-318-324.

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The literature data on the parameters of coagulation of butadiene-styrene and butadiene-?-methyl styrene latexes by cationic polyelectrolytes in comparison with low-molecular ammonium compounds and nonionic polymers are discussed. The optimal dosage of cationic polyelectrolyte during coagulation of synthetic emulsion rubber latex stabilized by a combination of synthetic fatty acid Soaps and disproportionated rosin with a mixture of sodium salts of the oligomeric condensation product ?-naphthalenesulfonic acid with formaldehyde (Leukanol) is determined, ceteris paribus, by its degree of polymer

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49

Yeganeh, Sadegh, Mahmoud Ameri, Davide Dalmazzo, and Ezio Santagata. "Experimental Investigation on the Use of Waste Elastomeric Polymers for Bitumen Modification." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (2020): 2671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082671.

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The study described in this paper focused on the possible use of waste products coming from the production of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and polybutadiene rubber (PBR), as bitumen modifiers. Modified binders containing these products were prepared in the laboratory with different polymer dosages and were thereafter subjected to the evaluation of empirical and rheological properties. For comparative purposes, the study also considered SBR and PBR products of premium quality. Ageing effects were also taken into account by means of proper laboratory simulations. Obtained results indicated tha

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50

Jong, Lei. "Mechanical properties of heterophase polymer blends of cryogenically fractured soy flour composite filler and poly (styrene–butadiene)." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 44, no. 3 (2012): 273–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244311428894.

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Reinforcement effect of cryogenically fractured soy flour composite filler in soft polymer was investigated in this study. Polymer composites were prepared by melt-mixing polymer and soy flour composite fillers in an internal mixer. Soy flour composite fillers were prepared by blending aqueous soy flour dispersion and styrene–butadiene rubber latex to form a mixture, which was then dried and cryogenically ground into powders. Upon cross-linking, the heterophase composite filler was integrated into rubber polymer and exhibited enhanced mechanical properties. Tensile strength, elongation, Young’

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