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Jamil, Abdullah, Masri B. Baharom, and Abd Rashid B. Abd Aziz. "In-Cylinder Cold-Flow Analysis - ‘A Comparison of Crank-Slider Engine and Crank-Rocker Engine’." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 55, no. 2 (2022): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.550210.
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Researchers and engineers are continuously working to improve the overall efficiency of internal combustion engines by modifying the engine designs and configurations. As new engine designs are introduced, the in-cylinder flow behaviour becomes more and more complex. The maximum output and efficiency that can be achieved from a single cylinder engine depends upon the amount of air entrapped in the combustion chamber during intake stroke. A novel crank-rocker (C-R) engine was designed and fabricated in Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Malaysia and is currently under optimization phase. This paper narrates the in-cylinder cold-flow analysis of the C-R engine considering widely used industrial automotive software, Converge CFD. The turbulent behaviour of the C-R engine was compared with that of the conventional crank-slider engine. The initial and boundary conditions for the C-R engine simulations were set according to the benchmarked crank-slider engine. RNG k-ε turbulence model was used to generate the data plots for tumble & swirl ratios, cylinder pressure, TKE, turbulent dynamic viscosity and vorticity at cold-flow conditions. It was observed that the C-R engine has better air scavenging properties and can achieve better air-fuel mixing that can lead to emission-free combustion. This study will help in understanding the turbulent airflow behaviour within the curved cylinder under the influence of rocking piston motion, and its advantageous flow properties compared to those in crank-slider engines.
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Ji, Yan Ping, Ping Sun, and Si Bo Zhao. "Analysis of Temperature Field of High Speed Diesel Engine Parts and their Structural Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 1003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.1003.
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The analysis of structure and performance of internal combustion engine is presented in this paper from the following two aspects: the thermal load of I. C. Engine and the thermal efficiency of diesel engines. Firstly, the thermal load of key parts of I. C. Engine as well as the evaluation parameters of which are introduced briefly. Furthermore, based on the factors influencing the heat transfer process of internal combustion engine, the current research situation of internal combustion engine work process and heat balance for combustion chamber components, and the whole engine using numerical simulation method is described, while the coupled study of internal combustion engine components is developing trends of internal combustion engine heat balance study in the future.
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Radchenko, Andrii, Dariusz Mikielewicz, Mykola Radchenko, Serhiy Forduy, Oleksandr Rizun, and Viktor Khaldobin. "Innovative combined in-cycle trigeneration technologies for food industries." E3S Web of Conferences 323 (2021): 00029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132300029.
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The majority of integrated energy systems (IES) for combined electricity, heat and refrigeration generation, or trigeneration, are based on gas engines. The fuel efficiency of gas engines are strictly influenced by intake air temperatures. Practically in all IES the absorption lithium-bromide chillers (ACh) are applied for conversing the heat removed from the engine into refrigeration in the form of chilled water. The peculiarity of trigeneration in food industries is the use of chilled water of about 12°C for technological needs instead of 7°C as typical for ACh. This leads to a considerable great potential of engine intake air deeper cooling not realized by ACh, that can be used by ejector chiller (ECh) as the low temperature stage of two-stage absorption-ejector chiller (AECh) to provide engine cyclic air deep cooling and enhancing engine fuel efficiency. To evaluate the effect of gas engine cyclic air cooling the data on fuel consumption and power output of gas engine JMS 420 GS-N.L were analyzed.
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Radchenko, Andrii, Mykola Radchenko, Dariusz Mikielewicz, Anatoliy Pavlenko, Roman Radchenko, and Serhiy Forduy. "Energy Saving in Trigeneration Plant for Food Industries." Energies 15, no. 3 (2022): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031163.
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The trigeneration plants for combined cooling, heating, and electricity supply, or integrated energy systems (IES), are mostly based on gas reciprocating engines. The fuel efficiency of gas reciprocating engines depends essentially on air intake temperatures. The transformation of the heat removed from the combustion engines into refrigeration is generally conducted by absorption lithium-bromide chillers (ACh). The peculiarity of refrigeration generation in food technologies is the use of chilled water of about 12 °C instead of 7 °C as the most typical for ACh. This leads to a considerable cooling potential not realized by ACh that could be used for cooling the engine intake air. A refrigerant ejector chiller (ECh) is the simplest in design, cheap, and can be applied as the low-temperature stage of a two-stage absorption-ejector chiller (AECh) to provide engine intake air cooling and increase engine fuel efficiency as result. The monitoring data on gas engine fuel consumption and power were analyzed in order to evaluate the effect of gas engine cyclic air cooling.
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Li, Yi, Zhihui Yuan, Yujie Li, and Jing Liu. "Factors influencing search engine usage behavior." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 46, no. 1 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6211.
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We analyzed the effect of individual factors, contextual factors, and perception of search engine advertising on users' search engine usage behavior. The sample comprised 404 Chinese who used search engines in the context of their paid employment. Results showed that (a) perceived search skills and perceived search engine reliance significantly and positively impacted users' general search engine usage, (b) perceived advertising clutter reduced the beneficial effects of perceived search skills on users' general search engine usage, (c) users with higher perceived search engine reliance preferred search engines to other online search methods, and (d) prior negative experience reduced the positive link between perceived search engine reliance and users' specific search engine usage. Our findings suggest that search engine designers and operators should focus on individual and contextual factors influencing search engine usage behavior, and should consider users' perception of advertising on search engine programs.
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Knauder, Christoph, Hannes Allmaier, David E. Sander, and Theodor Sams. "Investigations of the Friction Losses of Different Engine Concepts. Part 2: Sub-Assembly Resolved Friction Loss Comparison of Three Engines." Lubricants 7, no. 12 (2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants7120105.
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In this work, friction loss investigations and comparisons of three different four-cylinder engines for passenger car applications are presented, using a recently developed combined approach. By merging extensive experimental with reliable and predictive journal bearing simulation results, a sub-assembly-resolved friction loss analysis of the piston group, crankshaft journal bearings and valve train is conducted for all three engines. The engines have been chosen individually based on their specific power output and crank train geometry. The measurement program covers a wide range of corresponding engine operation points (identical speed, load and thermal boundary conditions). In addition, the investigations are carried out for different engine media supply temperatures ranging from 70 ∘ C to 110 ∘ C for a comprehensive consideration of the friction losses at reduced lubricant viscosity. For reasons of comparability, all investigations conducted in this work have been carried out using the same modern SAE 5W30 lubricant. This is done to exclude influences from different lubricant properties which may have significant effects on the tribological behaviour of the engines’ sub-assemblies. While the diesel engine showed a friction reduction potential over the entire engine operation range when increasing the engine media supply temperatures, the gasoline engines showed a different behaviour. For the gasoline engines, disadvantages arise especially at low engine speeds. By using the developed combined approach, it was possible to assign mixed lubrication regimes at the valve train systems and at the piston groups.
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Albert K. Arkoh, Esther B. Kyere, and Isaac Edunyah. "Comparative analysis of engine running performance with and without thermostat." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 4, no. 1 (2021): 047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2021.4.1.0171.
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The rate of removal of internal combustion (IC) engine thermostat when engines are imported to Ghana and other part of African continent is alarming. Such phenomenon calls for an experiment to compare the performance of IC engines imported here in Ghana running with and without engine thermostat. The analysis was done by determine engine performance characteristic such as engine torque, indicated power (Ip), brake power (bp), frictional power (fp), fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature (EGT) as well as exhaust emission at engine speed of 1500 rpm for engine running with thermostat (WT) and without thermostat (WOT). Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were done using GenStat software (VSN International, 2021). Statistical significance was carried out at p≤0.05. The best fuel mean value of 103 ml was recorded for engine condition WT at EGT of 283.2 °C while fuel consumed for engine condition WOT was 170 ml at EGT of 155.4 °C. The recorded mean exhaust emission gases for Ex, O2, CO, H2S were 13.2%, 16.2%, 1000 ppm and 35.2 ppm and 0%, 18.38%, 393.2 ppm and 0.4 ppm for engine condition WOT and WT respectively. There was significant difference (p≤0.05) in mean values of EGT, Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions for engine condition WOT with the exception of O2. The removal of engine thermostat affect engine working temperature which result in incomplete combustion, high fuel consumption and high exhaust emissions.
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Galindo, José, Vicente Dolz, Javier Monsalve-Serrano, Miguel Angel Bernal Maldonado, and Laurent Odillard. "EGR cylinder deactivation strategy to accelerate the warm-up and restart processes in a Diesel engine operating at cold conditions." International Journal of Engine Research 23, no. 4 (2021): 614–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14680874211039587.
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The aftertreatment systems used in internal combustion engines need high temperatures for reaching its maximum efficiency. By this reason, during the engine cold start period or engine restart operation, excessive pollutant emissions levels are emitted to the atmosphere. This paper evaluates the impact of using a new cylinder deactivation strategy on a Euro 6 turbocharged diesel engine running under cold conditions (−7°C) with the aim of improving the engine warm-up process. This strategy is evaluated in two parts. First, an experimental study is performed at 20°C to analyze the effect of the cylinder deactivation strategy at steady-state and during an engine cold start at 1500 rpm and constant load. In particular, the pumping losses, pollutant emissions levels and engine thermal efficiency are analyzed. In the second part, the engine behavior is analyzed at steady-state and transient conditions under very low ambient temperatures (−7°C). In these conditions, the results show an increase of the exhaust temperatures of around 100°C, which allows to reduce the diesel oxidation catalyst light-off by 250 s besides of reducing the engine warm-up process in approximately 120 s. This allows to reduce the CO and HC emissions by 70% and 50%, respectively, at the end of the test.
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Rubino, L., R. I. Crane, J. S. Shrimpton, and C. Arcoumanis. "An electrostatic trap for control of ultrafine particle emissions from gasoline-engined vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 4 (2005): 535–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x6668.
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Health concerns over ultrafine (< 100 nm) particles in the urban atmosphere have focused attention on measurement and control of particle number as well as mass. Gasoline-engined as well as diesel-engined vehicles are likely to be within the scope of future particulate matter (PM) emission regulations. As a potential option for after-treatment of PM emissions from gasoline engines, the trapping performance of a catalysed wire-cylinder electrostatic trap has been investigated, first in a laboratory rig with simulated PM and then in the exhaust of a direct injection spark ignition engine. In the simulation experiments, the trap achieved capture efficiencies by total particle number exceeding 90 per cent at wire voltages of 7–10 kV, gas temperatures up to 400°C, and operating durations up to one hour, with no adverse effects from a catalyst coating on the collecting electrode. In the engine tests, at moderate speeds and loads, capture efficiency was 60–85 per cent in the homogeneous combustion mode and 50–60 per cent, of a much larger number of engine-out particles, in the stratified (overall-lean) mode. Gas residence time in the trap appeared to be a major factor in determining efficiency. The electrical power requirement and the effect on engine back-pressure were both minimal.
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Seraj, Mohd, Syed Mohd Yahya, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, Ali E. Anqi, Mohammad Asjad, and Zahid A. Khan. "Multi-Response Optimization of Nanofluid-Based I. C. Engine Cooling System Using Fuzzy PIV Method." Processes 8, no. 1 (2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010030.
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Effective cooling of the internal combustion (I. C.) engines is of utmost importance for their improved performance. Automotive heat exchangers used as radiator with low efficiency in the industry may pose a serious threat to the engines. Thus, thermal scientists and engineers are always looking for modern methods to boost the heat extraction from the engine. A novel idea of using nanofluids for engine cooling has been in the news for some time now, as they have huge potential because of better thermal properties, strength, compactness, etc. Nanofluids are expected to replace the conventional fluids such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, water etc. due to performance and environmental concerns. Overall performance of the engine cooling system depends on several input parameters and therefore they need to be optimised to achieve an optimum performance. This study is focussed on developing a nanofluid engine cooling system (NFECS) where Al2O3 nanoparticles mixed with ethylene glycol (EG) and water is used as nanofluid. Furthermore, it also explores the effect of four important input parameters of the NFECS i.e., nanofluid inlet temperature, engine load, nanofluid flow rate, and nanoparticle concentration on its five attributes (output responses) viz thermal conductivity of the nanofluid, heat transfer coefficient, viscosity of the nanofluid, engine pumping power required to pump the desired amount of the nanofluid, and stability of the nanofluid. Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array is used as the design of experiment to collect experimental data. Weighting factors are determined for output responses using the Triangular fuzzy numbers (TFN) and optimal setting of the input parameters is obtained using a novel fuzzy proximity index value (FPIV) method.
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Myers, Bradford A., Edward D. White, Jonathan D. Ritschel, and R. David Fass. "Quantifying the Effects of Aircraft Engine Upgrades on Operating and Support Costs." Optimizing Operations 28, no. 97 (2021): 320–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22594/10.22594/dau.20-862.28.03.
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For fixed wing aircraft within the U.S. Air Force, Operating and Support (O&S) costs encompass a large portion of total life-cycle costs. O&S costs include fuel, maintenance, and engine upgrades. To the authors’ knowledge, no study to date has attempted to empirically quantify the realized effects of new aircraft engines on sustainment costs. Utilizing the Air Force Total Ownership Cost database, they focused on new engines appearing on the C-5s, C-130s, and C-135s. Although narrow in scope, results suggest newer engines have lower fuel costs. Maintenance costs for newer engines were not consistently higher or lower than the engines they replaced, although Contractor Logistics Support was not tracked by engine in this study. We found that savings from improved fuel efficiency tended to be greater than a potential increase in maintenance costs.
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Kumbár, Vojtěch, Adam Polcar, and Jiří Čupera. "Rheological profiles of blends of the new and used motor oils." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 1 (2013): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361010115.
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The objective of this paper is to find changes of a rheological profile of the new engine oil if the used engine oil will be add. And also find changes of a rheological profile of the used engine oil if the new engine oil will be add. For these experiments has been created the blends of the new and the used engine oil. The temperature dependence of the density [kg.m−3] has been measured in the range of −10 °C and +60 °C. The instrument Densito 30PX with the scale for measuring engine oils has been used. The dynamic viscosity [mPa.s] has been measured in the range of −10 °C and +100 °C. The Anton Paar digital viscometer with the concentric cylinders geometry has been used. In the accordance with the expected behaviour, the density and the kinematic viscosity of all oils was decreasing with the increasing temperature. To the physical properties has been the mathematical models created. For the temperature dependence of the density has been used the linearly mathematical model and the exponentially mathematical model. For the temperature dependence of the dynamic viscosity has been used the polynomial 6th degree. The knowledge of density and viscosity behaviour of an engine oil as a function of its temperature is of great importance, especially when considering running efficiency and performance of combustion engines. Proposed models can be used for description and prediction of rheological behaviour of engine oils.
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Syaiful Rizal and Kartika Sekarsari. "Condition Monitoring Scheduled Oil Sample on Crane Machine Using the Fuzzy Logic Methode." Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research 2, no. 7 (2023): 1627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v2i7.5289.
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Maintenance of crane engines in the mining world is very much needed to maintain the engine in good condition and function when used. In crane engine maintenance management, a scheduled oil sample is a form of predictive engine maintenance by taking regular oil samples from the engine to analyze its content and quality in the laboratory. The Fuzzy Logic method used in this study aims to monitor the results obtained from the laboratory so that it can be recognized that the condition of the engine is still in excellent condition (eval A), the state of the engine is still good, and no action has been recommended (eval B), it is recommended action on the engine (eval C) and recommends stopping the engine (eval X)
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Daminov, O., O. Khushnaev, A. Yangibaev, and G. Kucharenok. "IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF DIESEL ENGINES BY ENHANCING THE COOLING SYSTEM." Technical science and innovation 2020, no. 1 (2020): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-01.20.1-77-0052.
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The article deals with the improvement of the performance of diesel engines by improving the cooling system. It is indicated that there is a number of problems that arise when converting an engine with spark ignition to natural gas. The increase of thermal stress of the engine is illustrated. As a result of researching of features of the parameters and characteristics of a gas-powered automobile engine and optimization of its temperature regime, a very actual scientific and practical task is determined. The engine with the spark ignition installed on the microbus working on the diesel and gas is presented. The results of the spark-ignition engine research on gaseous fuel are presented. The following recommendations are given: to analyze the design features of gas engines; analyze the principles of operation of modern engine cooling systems; to conduct a theoretical study of the engine cooling system of gas buses and minibuses, which would allow to identify the causes leading to an increase in the thermal stress of engine parts when converted to gas fuel, which consists in the specificity and features of the working process; suggest ways to improve the cooling system of gas engines; to develop and propose options for improving the cooling system of gas engines, which will reduce the cooling temperature from 120 to 90 °C.
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Zhao, Wei Guo, Ji Hong Dong, Wei Li, Hai Ping Wang, and Quan Feng Guo. "Research on Defect Detection Technology of C/C Composite." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.264.
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Carbon matrix/Carbon fibre reinforced composite(C/C composite) has many special characteristics such as high strength, high elastic modulus, high temperature resistance and ablation resistance. So it is used to manufacture rocket engine nozzle in aerospace filed. But its security will be seriously effected during rocket engine working due to the manufacturing defects. Based on analyzing defect types and structure characteristic of C/C composite, the ultrasonic and infrared testing methods on C/C composite are further studied in this thesis. And effective defect detection has been achieved.
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Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, Amin, Apostolos Pesyridis, Vahid Esfahanian, Ali Salavati-Zadeh, and Alireza Hajialimohammadi. "Modelling and Evaluation of Waste Heat Recovery Systems in the Case of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine." Energies 12, no. 7 (2019): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071397.
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In the present study, the effects of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and turbo-compound (T/C) system integration on a heavy-duty diesel engine (HDDE) is investigated. An inline six-cylinder turbocharged 11.5 liter compression ignition (CI) engine employing two waste heat recovery (WHR) strategies is modelled, simulated, and analyzed through a 1-D engine code called GT-Power. The WHR systems are evaluated by their ability to utilize the exhaust excess energy at the downstream of the primary turbocharger turbine, resulting in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) reduction. This excess energy is dependent on the mass flow rate and the temperature of engine exhaust gas. However, this energy varies with engine operational conditions, such as speed, load, etc. Therefore, the investigation is carried out at six engine major operating conditions consisting engine idling, minimum BFSC, part load, maximum torque, maximum power, and maximum exhaust flow rate. The results for the ORC and T/C systems indicated a 4.8% and 2.3% total average reduction in BSFC and also maximum thermal efficiencies of 8% and 10%, respectively. Unlike the ORC system, the T/C system was modelled as a secondary turbine arrangement, instead of an independent unit. This in turn deteriorated BSFC by 5.5%, mostly during low speed operation, due to the increased exhaust backpressure. It was further concluded that the T/C system performed superiorly to the ORC counterpart during top end engine speeds, however. The ORC presented a balanced and consistent operation across the engines speed and load range.
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Hsueh, Ming-Hsien, Chao-Jung Lai, Meng-Chang Hsieh, et al. "Effect of Water Vapor Injection on the Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Spark-Ignition Engine." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 9229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169229.
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The exhaust emissions from Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) are currently one of the main sources of air pollution. This research presented a method for improving the exhaust gases and the performance of a Spark-Ignition (SI) engine using a water vapor injection system and a Non-Thermal Plasma (NTP) system. These two systems were installed on the intake manifold to investigate their effects on the engine’s performance and the characteristics of exhaust emission using different air/fuel (A/F) ratios and engine speeds. The temperatures of the injected water were adjusted to 5 and 25 °C, using a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) temperature control device. The total hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and engine torque were measured at different A/F ratios and engine speeds. The results indicated that the adaptation of the water vapor injection system and NTP system increased the content of the combustibles and combustion-supporting substances while achieving better emissions and torque. According to the test results, while the engine torque under 25 °C water+NTP was raised to 7.29%, the HC under 25 °C water+NTP and the NOx under 25 °C water were reduced to 16.31% and 11.88%, respectively. In conclusion, the water vapor injection and the NTP systems installed on the intake manifold could significantly reduce air pollution and improve engine performance for a more sustainable environment.
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Adebayo, A., and Omojola Awogbemi. "Effects of Fuel Additives on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engine." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 2, no. 3 (2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2017.2.3.289.
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This research investigated the effects of addition of ethanol to gasoline with the aim of improving the performance and emission characteristics of Spark Ignition (SI) engine. Four samples of gasoline-ethanol blend were prepared, namely 100% ethanol, 100% gasoline, 95% gasoline + 5% ethanol and 90% gasoline+10% ethanol, and were labeled sample A, B, C and D respectively. Physicochemical analysis was carried out on the four samples while sample B, C, and D were used to run a single cylinder, two stroke, air cooled SI engine to determine the performance characteristics of the engine at four engine speeds of 800rpm, 1000rpm, 1200rpm, and 1400rpm. An exhaust gas analyzer was used to analyze the exhaust emission to determine its constituents at no load. The research concluded that blending gasoline with ethanol not only improved the performance of the engine, it also yielded a friendlier emission. It also solves the problem of sole dependence on petroleum products to run SI engines with its attendant cost and environmental implications.
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Adebayo, A., and Omojola Awogbemi. "Effects of Fuel Additives on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engine." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 2, no. 3 (2017): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2017.2.3.289.
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This research investigated the effects of addition of ethanol to gasoline with the aim of improving the performance and emission characteristics of Spark Ignition (SI) engine. Four samples of gasoline-ethanol blend were prepared, namely 100% ethanol, 100% gasoline, 95% gasoline + 5% ethanol and 90% gasoline+10% ethanol, and were labeled sample A, B, C and D respectively. Physicochemical analysis was carried out on the four samples while sample B, C, and D were used to run a single cylinder, two stroke, air cooled SI engine to determine the performance characteristics of the engine at four engine speeds of 800rpm, 1000rpm, 1200rpm, and 1400rpm. An exhaust gas analyzer was used to analyze the exhaust emission to determine its constituents at no load. The research concluded that blending gasoline with ethanol not only improved the performance of the engine, it also yielded a friendlier emission. It also solves the problem of sole dependence on petroleum products to run SI engines with its attendant cost and environmental implications.
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Vos, Kalen R., Gregory M. Shaver, Mrunal C. Joshi, and James McCarthy. "Implementing variable valve actuation on a diesel engine at high-speed idle operation for improved aftertreatment warm-up." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 7 (2019): 1134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419880639.
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Aftertreatment thermal management is critical for regulating emissions in modern diesel engines. Elevated engine-out temperatures and mass flows are effective at increasing the temperature of an aftertreatment system to enable efficient emission reduction. In this effort, experiments and analysis demonstrated that increasing the idle speed, while maintaining the same idle load, enables improved aftertreatment “warm-up” performance with engine-out NOx and particulate matter levels no higher than a state-of-the-art thermal calibration at conventional idle operation (800 rpm and 1.3 bar brake mean effective pressure). Elevated idle speeds of 1000 and 1200 rpm, compared to conventional idle at 800 rpm, realized 31%–51% increase in exhaust flow and 25 °C–40 °C increase in engine-out temperature, respectively. This study also demonstrated additional engine-out temperature benefits at all three idle speeds considered (800, 1000, and 1200 rpm, without compromising the exhaust flow rates or emissions, by modulating the exhaust valve opening timing. Early exhaust valve opening realizes up to ~51% increase in exhaust flow and 50 °C increase in engine-out temperature relative to conventional idle operation by forcing the engine to work harder via an early blowdown of the exhaust gas. This early blowdown of exhaust gas also reduces the time available for particulate matter oxidization, effectively limiting the ability to elevate engine-out temperatures for the early exhaust valve opening strategy. Alternatively, late exhaust valve opening realizes up to ~51% increase in exhaust flow and 91 °C increase in engine-out temperature relative to conventional idle operation by forcing the engine to work harder to pump in-cylinder gases across a smaller exhaust valve opening. In short, this study demonstrates how increased idle speeds, and exhaust valve opening modulation, individually or combined, can be used to significantly increase the “warm-up” rate of an aftertreatment system.
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Knauder, Christoph, Hannes Allmaier, David E. Sander, and Theodor Sams. "Investigations of the Friction Losses of Different Engine Concepts: Part 3: Friction Reduction Potentials and Risk Assessment at the Sub-Assembly Level." Lubricants 8, no. 4 (2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8040039.
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One of the biggest requirements of today’s engine development process for passenger cars is the need to reduce fuel consumption. A very effective and economic approach is the use of low-viscosity lubricants. In this work, sub-assembly resolved friction reduction potentials and risks are presented for three different engine concepts. By using a developed combined approach, the friction losses of the base engines are separated to the sub-assemblies piston group, crankshaft journal bearings, and valve train over the full operation range of the engines. Unique analyzing of boundary conditions makes it possible for the first time to compare friction reduction potentials and possible risks, not only between diesel and gasoline engines for passenger car applications, but also with particular focus on the power density of the three engines. Firstly, the engines have been specifically chosen regarding their specific power output. Secondly, one identical SAE 5W30 lubricant suitable for all engines is used to neglect influences from different lubricant properties. Thirdly, identical test programs have been conducted at the same thermal boundary conditions at engine media supply temperatures of 70 ∘ C and 90 ∘ C. For the crankshaft journal bearings, high reduction potentials are identified, while risks arising occur at the valve train and the piston group systems.
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Turabimana, Pacifique, Jung Woo Sohn, and Seung-Bok Choi. "A Novel Active Cooling System for Internal Combustion Engine Using Shape Memory Alloy Based Thermostat." Sensors 23, no. 8 (2023): 3972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23083972.
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Pollutants in exhaust gases and the high fuel consumption of internal combustion engines remain key issues in the automotive industry despite the emergence of electric vehicles. Engine overheating is a major cause of these problems. Traditionally, engine overheating was solved using electric pumps and cooling fans with electrically operated thermostats. This method can be applied using active cooling systems that are currently available on the market. However, the performance of this method is undermined by its delayed response time to activate the main valve of the thermostat and the dependence of the coolant flow direction control on the engine. This study proposes a novel active engine cooling system incorporating a shape memory alloy-based thermostat. After discussing the operating principles, the governing equations of motion were formulated and analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics and MATLAB. The results show that the proposed method improved the response time required to change the coolant flow direction and led to a coolant temperature difference of 4.90 °C at 90 °C cooling conditions. This result indicates that the proposed system can be applied to existing internal combustion engines to enhance their performance in terms of reduced pollution and fuel consumption.
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Wells, Michael, Michael Kretser, Ben Hazen, and Jeffery Weir. "Modified C-17 taxi procedures: a fuel cost savings exploration." Journal of Defense Analytics and Logistics 4, no. 2 (2020): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdal-05-2019-0009.
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Purpose This study aims to explore the viability of using C-17 reduced-engine taxi procedures from a cost savings and capability perspective. Design/methodology/approach This study model expected engine fuel flow based on the number of operational engines, aircraft gross weight (GW) and average aircraft groundspeed. Using this model, the research executes a cost savings simulation estimating the expected annual savings produced by the proposed taxi methodology. Operational and safety risks are also considered. Findings The results indicate that significant fuel and costs savings are available via the employment of reduced-engine taxi procedures. On an annual basis, the mobility air force has the capacity to save approximately 1.18 million gallons of jet fuel per year ($2.66m in annual fuel costs at current rates) without significant risk to operations. The two-engine taxi methodology has the ability to generate capable taxi thrust for a maximum GW C-17 with nearly zero risks. Research limitations/implications This research was limited to C-17 procedures and efficiency improvements specifically, although it suggests that other military aircraft could benefit from these findings as is evident in the commercial airline industry. Practical implications This research recommends coordination with the original equipment manufacturer to rework checklists and flight manuals, development of a fleet-wide training program and evaluation of future aircraft recapitalization requirements intended to exploit and maximize aircraft surface operation savings. Originality/value If implemented, the proposed changes would benefit the society as government resources could be spent elsewhere and the impact on the environment would be reduced. This research conducted a rigorous analysis of the suitability of implementing a civilian airline’s best practice into US Air Force operations.
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LEJDA, Kazimierz, Artur JAWORSKI, and Adam USTRZYCKI. "The effect of injection timing parameters for liquid LPG fuel on selected operating parameters of the internal combustion engine." Combustion Engines 130, no. 3 (2007): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117321.
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This article presents selected results of scientifi c research concerning the infl uence of the LPG fuel sequential injection parameters on the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine. Research was performed in the Department of Vehicles and IC Engines on SI MD-111E engine, which has been adapted to LPG fuel supply in multi-point injection system to the branches of the inlet manifold. During the research the sequential single and double injection were performed. The tests results obtained show very signifi cant infl uence of the injection parameters (onset of injection and size of the dose) on the engine operating parameters such as: engine power, torque end effi ciency.
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Yulianto, Purwo. "Pengaruh Variasi Putaran Mesin terhadap Daya pada Engine Cummins KTTA 38 C." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni 5, no. 1 (2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/jpifalbiruni.v5i1.102.
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This study is about the effect of variations in engine rotation against the power of the engine Cummins KTTA 38 C used in loading tool for the coal mining that Komatsu PC 3000. This research was conducted at PT. Altrak 1978 Bontang which is a company engaged in the service and sales of heavy equipment. The purpose of this research is to know how to determine the engine speed of the engine power in accordance with Cummins KTTA 38C and how the influence of rotation on the power. The study was conducted on the engine general overhaul is carried out in November 2015 through January 2016. Testing of the engine is done by using test equipment dynotest is to get the engine speed and power that can be measured on a test device. The research showed that the engine Cummins KTTA 38 C to determine the engine speed to the appropriate power is round 1501 rpm power of 46 HP, round of 1603 rpm the power of 1178 HP, round of 1706 rpm the power of 1253 HP, round of 1801 rpm the power of 1324 HP, 1910 rpm rotation power of 46 HP. And the influence of the rotation Engine power is any change in engine speed that occurs can affect the value of the power produced by the engine itself.Penelitian ini merupakan telaah pengaruh variasi putaran mesin terhadap daya pada engine cummins KTTA 38 C yang dipakai pada alat loading untuk pertambangan batubara yaitu Komatsu PC 3000. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT. Altrak 1978 Bontang yang merupakan perusahaan bergerak di bidang jasa dan penjualan alat berat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana menentukan putaran engine terhadap daya yang sesuai dengan engine cummins KTTA 38C dan bagaimana pengaruh putarannya terhadap daya. Penelitian telah dilakukan general overhaul pada engine yaitu pada bulan November 2015 sampai Januari 2016. Pengujian engine dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat uji dynotest adalah untuk mendapatkan hasil putaran engine dan daya yang dapat terukur pada alat uji. Dari penelitian didapatkanhasil bahwa pada engine cummins KTTA 38 C untuk menentukan putaran engine terhadap daya yang sesuai adalah pada putaran 1501 rpm daya sebesar 46 HP, putaran 1603 rpm daya sebesar 1178 HP, putaran 1706 rpm daya sebesar 1253 HP, putaran 1801 rpm daya sebesar 1324 HP, putaran 1910 rpm daya sebesar 46 HP.Dan pengaruh putaran Engine terhadap daya adalah tiap perubahan putaran engine yang terjadi dapat mempengaruhi nilai daya yang di hasilkan oleh engine itu sendiri.
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Hasanovich, Linda, and David Nobes. "Investigation of effect of heat exchanger size on power output in low-temperature difference Stirling engines." E3S Web of Conferences 313 (2021): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131303002.
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The Stirling engine is capable of converting any source of thermal energy into kinetic energy, which makes it an attractive option for utilizing low-temperature sources such as geothermal or waste heat below 100 °C. However, at these low temperatures, the effects of losses are proportionally higher due to the lower thermal potential available. One such significant loss is excess dead volume, wherein a significant contributor is the heat exchangers. The heat exchangers must be selected to optimize power output by minimizing the dead volume loss while maximizing the heat transfer to and from the engine. To better understand what the optimal geometry of the heat exchanger components is, a Stirling engine is modelled using a third-order commercial modelling software (Sage) and trends of engine properties of power, temperature, and pressure for different heat exchanger geometries are observed. The results indicate that there is an optimum heat exchanger volume and geometry for low temperature Stirling engines. This optimum is also affected by other engine properties, such as regenerator size and engine speed. These results provide insight into the optimal geometry of these components for low-temperature Stirling engines, as well as providing design guidance for future engines to be built.
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Pavlov, D. V. "Starting the diesel engine 1H9.5/8.0 by forced preheated air charge supply." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 3 (744) (March 2022): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2022-3-53-59.
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The use of small-sized air-cooled diesel engines as part of mobile units for operation in the harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic is a rather difficult task. As the ambient temperature decreases, the temperature at the compression stroke end, which is necessary for the appearance of the first flashes in the diesel cylinder, decreases significantly. At the ambient temperature of minus 60°C, start of a diesel engine becomes impossible. The stage of the appearance of the first flashes is very important for the subsequent spin-up of the crankshaft and the onset of a diesel engine independent operation on fuel without the involvement of auxiliary starting devices. The article proposes a method and device for increasing the temperature in the combustion chamber at the compression stroke end. The results of a diesel engine start at various negative ambient temperatures are given. The regularities of the dynamics of starting a diesel engine 1Ch9.5/8.0 and the dependence of the crankshaft speed during start-up on the ambient temperature is established. The rational range of intake air temperature required for the diesel engine start-up by the proposed method at an ambient temperature from minus 50 to minus 60°C is determined. The proposed method and device can be applied in similar diesel engines with a smaller working volume.
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Basuki, Witono. "BIODEGRADASI LIMBAH OLI BEKAS OLEH Lycinibacillus sphaericus TCP C 2.1." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 12, no. 2 (2016): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v12i2.1243.
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Mikroorganism has capability to degrade used engine oil was isolated from soil sample contaminated with used engine oil. One of the selected strain TCP C 2.1 was identified by 16s rDNA as Lycinibacillus sphaericus. The microorganism can use hydrocarbon in used engine oil as the sole carbon source and energy, also it significantly degraded almost all hydrocarbon compounds in used engine oil. With its ability the microorganism has potency to be used as a single microbe for bioremediation of soil polluted by engine oil.
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Fowler, N. "Reduced hatchability associated with engine fumes." Veterinary Record 125, no. 22 (1989): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.125.22.560-c.
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Zhao, Hong, Chen Sheng Bai, and Song Zhu. "Automatic Keyword Extraction Algorithm and Implementation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 4041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.4041.
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Search engines can bring a lot of benefit to the website. For a site, each page’s search engine ranking is very important. To make web page ranking in search engine ahead, Search engine optimization (SEO) make effect on the ranking. Web page needs to set the keywords as “keywords" to use SEO. The paper focuses on the content of a given word, and extracts the keywords of each page by calculating the word frequency. The algorithm is implemented by C # language. Keywords setting of webpage are of great importance on the information and products
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Ayissi, Merlin Zacharie, Ivan Aquigeh Newen, Rhiad Alloune, and Dieudonné Bitondo. "Effects of Gasoline and Hydrogen Blends on Exhaust Gas Emissions and Fuel Consumption from Gasoline Internal Combustion Engines." Journal of Combustion 2022 (September 14, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5526205.
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Gasoline engines remain a potential source of atmospheric pollution. Dual fuel combustion was under investigation to cope with exposure to pollutants. Investigations on emission parameters and engine performance for a single-cylinder four-stroke petrol engine are carried out using multicriteria decision-making method (MCDM). Bar charts are constructed for three emission parameters in function of engine temperature and fuel consumption for different blends. Fuels were supplied at different engine running speeds. Parameters recorded during the experimental study were the concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), percentages of lower explosive limit (LEL), and combustion duration. The maximum concentration of CO was 339 ppm at 70°C and 4000 rpm. The maximum concentration of H2S (3 ppm), was recorded at 94°C and 4000 rpm. The maximum percentage of LEL recorded was 3% at the majority of temperature and 4000 rpm. Consumption of 25 Cl of (gasoline + HHO) was recorded during the maximum time (50 min). The experiment showed high emissions of CO that can provoke respiratory disorders and explosive gases, factors of explosion at high speeds (4000 rpm), and low temperature (70°C). H2S emissions are very low (0–3 ppm) independently of the engine speeds and temperature. Blending gasoline with HHO shows a reduction in fuel consumption.
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Potapov, Evgenii, Dmitriy Vahrameev, Stanislav Sinickiy, Vladimir Medvedev, and Alexey Terentyev. "OPTIMIZATION OF METHODS AND PARAMETERS OF PRE-START THERMAL PREPARATION OF THE ENGINE FOR STARTING DEPENDING ON THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, no. 4 (2022): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2022-53-58.
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Due to the lack of a generally accepted methodology for calculating the starting processes of automotive diesel engines, today it is not possible to calculate their temperature parameters with a sufficient degree of accuracy during start-up, which determine the condition of a guaranteed start-up process. The main problem in applying theoretical calculations is that they take into account the compression ratio of the engine. But the compression ratio and the value of the actual pressure in the engine cylinders during the start-up are completely different indicators. The purpose of this work is to correct the generally accepted dependencies for determining the temperature parameters of a diesel engine by introducing a correction factor that takes into account the reduced pressure in the engine cylinders during start-up, as well as calculating the temperature parameters during start-up according to the proposed calculation method. The correction factor is determined experimentally and depends on the engine temperature. When applying the correction factor, it becomes possible to accurately calculate the temperature of the fuel-air mixture, which determines the possibility of a guaranteed start-up process and at the same time allows you to set the minimum necessary requirements for the means of thermal pre-start preparation.
 A group of graduate students and teachers (Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy and Kazan Agrarian University) conducted a number of practical studies on the basis of one of the leading agricultural enterprises of the Udmurt Republic JSC "Ilyich's Way". The MTZ-82 tractor was taken as the object of the study. The subject of the study was the launch of its D-243 engine at low temperatures in real operating conditions. The choice of this model of diesel engine is due to its wide application on tractors.
 The studies were carried out according to the approved test program, which consists in starting the D-243 engine of the MTZ-82 tractor at temperatures from - 30 ° C with an interval of 5 ° C to +5 ° C (engine temperature is equal to ambient temperature), as well as from +5 ° C to +90 ° C with an interval of 20 ° C (ambient temperature +20 ° C). Measurements were carried out to determine the amount of compression in the engine cylinders and the speed of rotation of the crankshaft at certain temperatures. The experiments were carried out using a starter charger that provides the full electric power of the diesel starter.
 As a result of the experimental work carried out, a change in the value of the correction coefficient from the engine temperature was established, and in accordance with the modified methodology of theoretical calculations, the values of the temperature of the fuel-air mixture at the end of the compression stroke of the diesel engine at start-up are given. It is established that the minimum required pre-start temperature of the diesel engine should be at least +5 ° C.
 Based on the results of the analysis of calculations, the directions of ensuring a guaranteed start of the diesel engine by simultaneously heating the coolant and engine oil are proposed. These requirements can be provided by a thermal storage system that does not require additional energy sources for its operation
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Kumbár, Vojtěch, and Artüras Sabaliauskas. "Low-temperature behaviour of the engine oil." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 6 (2013): 1763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361061763.
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The behaviour of engine oil is very important. In this paper has been evaluated temperature dependence kinematic viscosity of engine oils in the low temperatures. Five different commercially distributed engine oils (primarily intended for automobile engines) with viscosity class 0W–40, 5W–40, 10W–40, 15W–40, and 20W–40 have been evaluated. The temperature dependence kinematic viscosity has been observed in the range of temperature from −15 °C to 15 °C (for all oils). Considerable temperature dependence kinematic viscosity was found and demonstrated in case of all samples, which is in accordance with theoretical assumptions and literature data. Mathematical models have been developed and tested. Temperature dependence dynamic viscosity has been modeled using a polynomials 3rd and 4th degree. The proposed models can be used for prediction of flow behaviour of oils. With monitoring and evaluating we can prevent technical and economic losses.
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Hancock, Darrell O., and Robert E. Synovec. "Early Detection of C-130 Aircraft Engine Malfunction by Principal Component Analysis of the Wear Metals in C-130 Engine Oil." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 2 (1989): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894203075.
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Spectrophotometry analysis of engine oil for wear metal to detect engine malfunctions and failing engine components is the basis of the United States Air Force Spectrophotometric Oil Analysis Program (SOAP). This program was abandoned for C-130 transport aircraft because of difficulties in correlating the atomic emission spectroscopy data with engine problems. Principal component analysis (PCA), a factor analysis method, reveals information and structure not previously apparent in the C-130 oil analysis data. These results suggest that the C-130 SOAP program could be made viable with the significant advantages obtained through incorporation of PCA.
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Severa, Libor, Miroslav Havlíček, and Vojtěch Kumbár. "Temperature dependent kinematic viscosity of different types of engine oils." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 4 (2009): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957040095.
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The objective of this study is to measure how the viscosity of engine oil changes with temperature. Six different commercially distributed engine oils (primarily intended for motorcycle engines) of 10W–40 viscosity grade have been evaluated. Four of the oils were of synthetic type, two of semi–synthetic type. All oils have been assumed to be Newtonian fluids, thus flow curves have not been determined. Oils have been cooled to below zero temperatures and under controlled temperature regulation, kinematic viscosity (mm2 / s) have been measured in the range of −5 °C and +115 °C. Anton Paar digital viscometer with concentric cylinders geometry has been used. In accordance with expected behavior, kinematic viscosity of all oils was decreasing with increasing temperature. Viscosity was found to be independent on oil’s density. Temperature dependence has been modeled using several mathematical models – Vogel equation, Arrhenius equation, polynomial, and Gaussian equation. The best match between experimental and computed data has been achieved for Gaussian equation (R2 = 0.9993). Knowledge of viscosity behavior of an engine oil as a function of its temperature is of great importance, especially when considering running efficiency and performance of combustion engines. Proposed models can be used for description and prediction of rheological behavior of engine oils.
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Wagner, Matthew J., Nelson H. Forster, Kenneth W Van Treuren, and David T. Gerardi. "Vapor Phase Lubrication for Expendable Gas Turbine Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 122, no. 2 (2000): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.483193.
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Vapor phase lubrication (VPL) is an emerging technology that is currently targeted for application in limited life, expendable engines. It has the potential to cut 90 percent of the cost and weight of the lubrication system, when compared to a conventional liquid lubricated system. VPL, is effective at much higher temperatures than conventional liquid lubrication (600°C versus 200°C), so considerably less cooling for the bearing is required, to the extent that the bearing materials often dictate the maximum upper temperature for its use. The hot no. 8 bearing and the cold no. 1 bearing of the T63 engine were used to evaluate the applicability of this technology to the expendable engine environment. The no. 8 bearing was a custom made hybrid with T15 steel races, silicon nitride balls, and a carbon–carbon composite cage; it was run for 10.7 h at a race temperature of 450°C at full power, without incident. Prior to engine tests, a bearing rig test of the no. 8 bearing demonstrated an 18.6 h life at a race temperature of 500°C at engine full power speed of 50,000 rpm. Cold bearing performance was tested with the standard no. 1 bearing, which consisted of 52100 steel races and balls, and a bronze cage; it was run for 7.5 h at a race temperature of 34°C at flight idle power, without incident. A self-contained lubricant misting system, running off compressor bleed air, provided lubricant at flow rates of 7–25 ml/h, depending on engine operating conditions. These tests have demonstrated for the first time that a single self-contained VPL system can provide adequate lubrication to both the hot and cold bearings for the required life of an expendable cruise missile engine. [S0742-4795(00)01302-2]
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WOZNIAK, Marek, Gustavo OZUNA, and Krzysztof SICZEK. "Problems with glow plug – a review." Combustion Engines 186, no. 3 (2021): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-140114.
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Despite the development of hybrid and electric vehicles, a many-million population of cars with combustion engines, and particularly CI engines occurs on the roads. Also, many stationary CI engines are still utilized. Despite their improved technologies and characteristics the modern CI engines negatively affect an environment due to cold starting problems. Below 0 °C, engine starts are problematic due to the decreased battery performance and the spray characteristics, the increased ignition delay time, and the engine oil viscosity. Therefore, various glow plugs are applied to facilitate this process. Types, features, and applications of glow plugs in various engines have been discussed in the paper. One case of failure of glow plug has been presented in the article, including the cause of it.
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Irawan, Bambang. "Meningkatkan Daya Mesin Diesel jenis Common Reel yang dilengkapi Turbocharger dengan Menaikkan Suhu Bahan Bakar dan Suhu Udara." Jurnal Energi dan Teknologi Manufaktur (JETM) 1, no. 01 (2018): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jetm.v1i01.6.
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This research aims is to increase engine power by raising the air temperature and fuel temperature into the engine and its effect on the resulting of SFC. Diesel engines that are use turbocharger, the air temperatures have increased but the fuel temperature is still fixed. The problem is how if the air temperature and fuel temperature are raised whether the engine power will increase and the SFC will change. This study was conducted with experiments using a car that the air temperature is adjusted up to 100oC and the fuel temperature that goes into the engine is made a maximum of 70oC. The test results show that with rising air temperatures and fuel temperatures going into the average power engine will raise and save fuel, power and saving SFC occurs at 90°C and 70oC fuel. Rotation of engine that can produce power and fuel-efficient is at around 2000 rpm.
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Djohari, Ridwan. "Optimalisasi Daya Mesin Diesel Common Rail." KILAT 9, no. 1 (2020): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/kilat.v9i1.749.
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This research aims is to increase engine power by raising the air temperature and fuel temperature into the engine and its effect on the resulting of SFC. Diesel engines that are use turbocharger, the air temperatures have increased but the fuel temperature is still fixed. The problem is how if the air temperature and fuel temperature are raised whether the engine power will increase and the SFC will change. This study was conducted with experiments using a car that the air temperature is adjusted up to 100oC and the fuel temperature that goes into the engine is made a maximum of 70oC. The test results show that with rising air temperatures and fuel temperatures going into the average power engine will raise and save fuel, power and saving SFC occurs at 90°C and 70oC fuel. Rotation of engine that can produce power and fuel-efficient is at around 2000 rpm.
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Chen, Gang Tian. "Optimization Design for C6190ZLC Marine Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 310 (February 2013): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.310.339.
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With the gradual development of inshore fishing in depth and breadth, higher requirements are proposed against the dynamic property and economy marine diesel engine. Meanwhile, the convenience of maintenance and reliability of diesel engine are crucial to the operation efficiency of fishing boats. Therefore, it can better adapt to the constantly developing demands on marine engine market only by constantly improving the structure and performance of diesel engine.
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Yusof, Mohamad, Z. A. Zainal, N. A. Farid, and M. A. Miskam. "An Investigation of a Self-Pressurized Alpha V-Type Stirling Engine Converted Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.695.
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This study reports the investigation results of 194cc. alpha V-type Stirling engine converted from a four-stroke diesel engine that operated in self-pressurized mode. Tests were conducted with air as the working gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as the heat source. The engine started operating at 600 °C for hot cylinder temperature and 60 °C for cold cylinder temperature, respectively. At heat input of 1100 J/s, the engine performance was successfully tested at both no load and load conditions. For mechanical shaft power assessment, the engine approximately produced a maximum brake power of 7 W, brake thermal efficiency of 0.6% at 717 rpm speed, 811 °C hot cylinder temperature and 96 °C cold cylinder temperature. For electrical power assessment, the engine was capable of generating a maximum electrical output power of 1.7 We at 657 rpm speed, 855 °C hot cylinder temperature and 98 °C cold cylinder temperature. Despite its low engine performance, the study of alpha V-type Stirling engine is a worthwhile step towards clean and sustainable energy in mass production.
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Pukalskas, Saugirdas, Alfredas Rimkus, Mindaugas Melaika, Zenonas Bogdanovičius, and Jonas Matijošius. "NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECTS OF GASOLINE AND HYDROGEN BLENDS ON SI ENGINE COMBUSTION." Agricultural Engineering 46, no. 1 (2014): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/ageng.2014.006.
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Even small amount additive (10…15% by volume from whole air amount) of hydrogen (H2) into spark ignition (SI) engines obviously effects ecological parameters and engine efficiency because of H2 exclusive properties. SI engine work process simulation was made using AVL Boost simulation software. Analysis of results showed that engine power depends a lot on H2 supply technique into engine; NOx amount in exhaust gases directly proportional to the amount of H2, however, making mixture leaner up to λ = 1.6, it is possible to reach significant NOx decrease. Increased amount of H2 as an additive in fuel, changes H/C ratio in fuel mixture, also hydrogen improves properties of the mixture (particularly lean) and combustion of hydrocarbons what can be a reason of decreased HC emissions in exhaust gases. Keyword(s): Hydrogen and gasoline mixture, engine efficiency, exhaust gases, nitrous oxides, hydrocarbons, simulation.
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Laubichler, Christian, Constantin Kiesling, Matheus Marques da Silva, Andreas Wimmer, and Gunther Hager. "Data-Driven Sliding Bearing Temperature Model for Condition Monitoring in Internal Combustion Engines." Lubricants 10, no. 5 (2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10050103.
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Condition monitoring of components in internal combustion engines is an essential tool for increasing engine durability and avoiding critical engine operation. If lubrication at the crankshaft main bearings is insufficient, metal-to-metal contacts become likely and thus wear can occur. Bearing temperature measurements with thermocouples serve as a reliable, fast responding, individual bearing-oriented method that is comparatively simple to apply. In combination with a corresponding reference model, such measurements could serve to monitor the bearing condition. Based on experimental data from an MAN D2676 LF51 heavy-duty diesel engine, the derivation of a data-driven model for the crankshaft main bearing temperatures under steady-state engine operation is discussed. A total of 313 temperature measurements per bearing are available for this task. Readily accessible engine operating data that represent the corresponding engine operating points serve as model inputs. Different machine learning methods are thoroughly tested in terms of their prediction error with the help of a repeated nested cross-validation. The methods include different linear regression approaches (i.e., with and without lasso regularization), gradient boosting regression and support vector regression. As the results show, support vector regression is best suited for the problem. In the final evaluation on unseen test data, this method yields a prediction error of less than 0.4 ∘C (root mean squared error). Considering the temperature range from approximately 76 to 112 ∘C, the results demonstrate that it is possible to reliably predict the bearing temperatures with the chosen approach. Therefore, the combination of a data-driven bearing temperature model and thermocouple-based temperature measurements forms a powerful tool for monitoring the condition of sliding bearings in internal combustion engines.
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George Done, Bogdan, and Ion Copae. "Performances of a Research CFR Octane Rating Unit Engine and Dacia Single Cylinder SI Engine Ignited by a LASER System." E3S Web of Conferences 112 (2019): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911201009.
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At this time, the severe legislation regarding the level limits of the waste and exhaust gases released by thermal engines and also the necessity of engines efficiency improvement boost the engine research domain to bring in front the use of new technologies that can be used to control the in-cylinder combustion process. Now, the new technologies is represented by LASER spark plug systems which can be successfully used at petrol engines. LASER spark plug technology can have many advantages for engine operation control, an ignition system that could provide improved combustion is the one using plasma generation and a Q-switched LASER that results in pulses with high MW power. The LASER spark plug device used in the current research was a LASER medium Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG ceramic structure made up of a 8.0-mm long, 1.0-at.% Nd:YAG ceramic, optically-bonded to a Cr4+:YAG c. It was developed and constructed similar to classical spark plug and could be assembled on a CFR Octane Rating Unit Engine as well as on a Dacia Single Cylinder SI Engine which led to several results among which: influences on in-cylinder pressure, combustion and pollutant emissions.
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Saksono, Puji, and Pandu Prastiyo Utomo. "ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMBEBANAN ENGINE TERHADAP EMISI GAS BUANG DAN FUEL CONSUMPTION MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKAR SOLAR DAN BIODIESEL B10 PADA ENGINE CUMMINS QSK 45 C." POROS 15, no. 2 (2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/poros.v15i2.1276.
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Abstract: The fuels for Diesel engines derived from petroleum of its existence the longer depleting. Starting from this, the use of biodiesel as a successor is an alternative solution. Conversion of diesel fuel for Diesel engines of heavy equipment to the other types, one of them should pay attention to emissions- related environmental pollution and fuel consumption. This research was conducted with the aim to find out the influence of loading engine against exhaust emissions and fuel consumption using diesel fuel and biodiesel B10 on engine Cummins QSK 45 c. Testing performed in the PT. Saptaindra Sejati workshop (SIS) MIA 3, km. 84, Adaro, Tanjung Tabalong, South Kalimantan, while the primary uses test equipment namely dynamometer (dynotest) Taylor DS4010. The results of testing using biodiesel in diesel fuel compared with B10 imposition engine 0 - 100% decline in average levels of nitrogen oxide (NOx) of 88% (g/kW-hr); carbon monoxide (CO) of 88% (g/kW-hr); and hydrocarbons (HC) by 80% (g/kW-hr), while the fuel consumption experienced a decrease in 0 - 7.14%.
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Bondar, V. N. "DETERMINATION OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF TRACTORS DIESEL ENGINE PRE-START PREPARATION AT ITS STARTING CHARACTERISTICS." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 84, no. 2 (2017): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66279.
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The article presents the results of an experimental study of a tractor diesel engine 4CHN15/20,5, equipped with various pre-start preparations tools, starting characteristics in a climate chamber at low ambient temperatures. The purpose of the study is the determination of different methods of tractors diesel engine pre-start preparation at its starting characteristics. Engine was sequentially equipped with electric starter system, together with the liquid starting preheater, and starter engine, which exhaust gases were used for oil heating in the crankcase of a diesel engine. On the engine was installed hydrotransformer that allowed to reproduce the actual conditions of engine operation more accurately. The study found out that engine with liquid starting preheater always starts at ambient temperature not lower than minus 30 ° C, but the pre-start preparation time is longer than one hour. Long warm-up time leads to discharge of even fully charged and warm batteries, which limits the start of diesel engine at lower temperatures. The use of a heater only for heating the coolant with heated oil in the diesel fuel tray with the exhaust gases of the heater slightly increases the rate of heating of the oil, compared with the use of water-oil heat exchangers, and has practically no effect on the speed of heating the coolant. Using the starter engine with forced coolant circulation and exhaust gases outlet for heating the crankcase and oil pump, allows to start diesel with cold batteries at minus 40 ° C during 30 minutes, that corresponds to the requirements of existing regulations. Results of the study were used for the modernization of production and development of new "Uraltrac" tractor diesel engines models and can be recommended for implementation in diesel engine companies.
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Ma, Yu-Han, C. P. Sun, and Hui Dong. "Consistency of optimizing finite-time Carnot engines with the low-dissipation model in the two-level atomic heat engine." Communications in Theoretical Physics 73, no. 12 (2021): 125101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ac2cb8.
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Abstract The efficiency at the maximum power (EMP) for finite-time Carnot engines established with the low-dissipation model, relies significantly on the assumption of the inverse proportion scaling of the irreversible entropy generation ΔS (ir) on the operation time τ, i.e. ΔS (ir) ∝ 1/τ. The optimal operation time of the finite-time isothermal process for EMP has to be within the valid regime of the inverse proportion scaling. Yet, such consistency was not tested due to the unknown coefficient of the 1/τ-scaling. In this paper, we reveal that the optimization of the finite-time two-level atomic Carnot engines with the low-dissipation model is consistent only in the regime of η C ≪ 2(1 − δ)/(1 + δ), where η C is the Carnot efficiency, and δ is the compression ratio in energy level difference of the heat engine cycle. In the large-η C regime, the operation time for EMP obtained with the low-dissipation model is not within the valid regime of the 1/τ-scaling, and the exact EMP of the engine is found to surpass the well-known bound η + = η C/(2 − η C).
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Ma, Yu-Han, C. P. Sun, and Hui Dong. "Consistency of optimizing finite-time Carnot engines with the low-dissipation model in the two-level atomic heat engine." Communications in Theoretical Physics 73, no. 12 (2021): 125101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ac2cb8.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract The efficiency at the maximum power (EMP) for finite-time Carnot engines established with the low-dissipation model, relies significantly on the assumption of the inverse proportion scaling of the irreversible entropy generation ΔS (ir) on the operation time τ, i.e. ΔS (ir) ∝ 1/τ. The optimal operation time of the finite-time isothermal process for EMP has to be within the valid regime of the inverse proportion scaling. Yet, such consistency was not tested due to the unknown coefficient of the 1/τ-scaling. In this paper, we reveal that the optimization of the finite-time two-level atomic Carnot engines with the low-dissipation model is consistent only in the regime of η C ≪ 2(1 − δ)/(1 + δ), where η C is the Carnot efficiency, and δ is the compression ratio in energy level difference of the heat engine cycle. In the large-η C regime, the operation time for EMP obtained with the low-dissipation model is not within the valid regime of the 1/τ-scaling, and the exact EMP of the engine is found to surpass the well-known bound η + = η C/(2 − η C).
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Mustaffa, Norrizal, Amir Khalid, Mohamad Farid Sies, Hanis Zakaria, and Bukhari Manshoor. "Performance and Emissions of Preheated Biodiesel on a Compression Ignition (CI) Engines ." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.291.
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Diesel engines are still widely needed and applicable to agriculture, construction, light duty passenger car and heavy duty vehicles. In recent years, limited supply of fossil fuel makes alternative sources of fuel especially biodiesel receiving a lot of attention in the automotive industry. However, in using biodiesel as fuel had created poor fuel-air mixing that generally will produce lower performance and higher emissions than diesel fuel. This phenomenon associated with the fuel properties especially viscosity that higher compared to diesel fuel. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of preheated biodiesel derived from crude palm oil with 5% blending ratio (B5) at 40°C, 50°C and 60°C on performance and emissions of diesel engine under two different load conditions, which are 50% load and 100% load. A four-cylinder four strokes cycle, water cooled, direct injection engine was used for the experiments and the engine speed was varied from 1500 rpm up to 3000 rpm with the 500 rpm increment. Dynapack chassis dynamometer was used to perform the performance data while Autocheck gas/smoke analyzer and Drager were used to obtain the emissions data. Increased of load and biodiesel fuel temperature promotes more rapid engine performance but exhibit relatively small variations in emissions production.
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Kornienko, Victoria, Roman Radchenko, Mykola Radchenko, Andrii Radchenko, Anatoliy Pavlenko, and Dmytro Konovalov. "Cooling Cyclic Air of Marine Engine with Water-Fuel Emulsion Combustion by Exhaust Heat Recovery Chiller." Energies 15, no. 1 (2021): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010248.
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The fuel efficiency of marine diesel engine as any combustion engine falls with raising the temperature of air at the suction of its turbocharger. Therefore, cooling the engine turbocharger intake air by recovering exhaust gas heat to refrigeration capacity is a very perspective trend in enhancing the fuel efficiency of marine diesel engines. The application of water-fuel emulsion (WFE) combustion enables the reduction of a low-temperature corrosion, and, as a result, provides deeper exhaust gas heat utilization in the exhaust gas boiler (EGB) to the much lower temperature of 90–110 °C during WFE instead of 150–170 °C when combusting conventional fuel oil. This leads to the increment of the heat extracted from exhaust gas that is converted to refrigeration capacity by exhaust heat recovery chiller for cooling engine turbocharger sucked air accordingly. We experimentally investigated the corrosion processes on the condensation surfaces of EGB during WFE combustion to approve their intensity suppression and the possibility of deeper exhaust gas heat utilization. The fuel efficiency of cooling intake air at the suction of engine turbocharger with WFE combustion by exhaust heat recovery chiller was estimated along the voyage line Mariupol–Amsterdam–Mariupol. The values of available refrigeration capacity of exhaust heat recovery chiller, engine turbocharger sacked air temperature drop, and corresponding reduction in specific fuel consumption of the main low-speed diesel engine at varying actual climatic conditions on the voyage line were evaluated.