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1
Butlanska, Joanna. "Cone penetration test in a virtual calibration chamber". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/279364.
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Cone penetration test (CPT) is a fast and reliable site investigation tool for exploring soils and soft ground. While the interpretation of the test results in clay has advanced considerably from a theoretical and numerical viewpoint that of tests in sands still relies largely on empirical correlations. A major source of such correlations comes from tests done in calibration chambers (CC), where soil state and properties might be tightly controlled. Calibration chambers are relatively large pieces of equipment, and calibration chamber testing is expensive and time consuming. Moreover, CC tests are performed on freshly reconstituted sands whose fabric may vary from that of natural sand deposits. Hence, correlations developed for one type of sand might not be suitable for another sand deposit. Numerical DEM-based calibration chambers might offer an interesting alternative to the more cumbersome physical tests. This study is the first attempt to perform a three-dimensional DEM-based simulation of cone penetration test. The three-dimensional commercial DEM code (PFC3D) is used to develop Virtual Calibration Chamber CPT (VCC CPT) model. To achieve that objective, several steps were necessary. First, calibration of an analogue discrete material to represent Ticino sand was performed using single-element tests. Afterwards, the mechanical response of the discrete material was further validated by performing additional triaxial tests with different initial conditions. The VCC CPT model was then constructed. Comprehensive dimensional analysis showed that the best option to balance computational efficiency and realism was to fill the chamber with a scaled-up calibrated discrete material. An original filtering technique was proposed to extract steady state cone resistances. A basic series of simulations was performed to explore the effect of initial stress and relative density in cone resistance. The results obtained from the simulations did fit closely the trends that had been previously established using physical chambers. That result was taken as a general validation of the proposed simulation approach. From the micromechanical point of view, the granular material is highly discontinuous and inhomogeneous. Obtaining a homogeneous initial state (especially in the zone of the penetrating cone) is crucial to obtain easily interpretable results. Specific procedures to assess initial state inhomogeneities were developed. DEM-based models can provide results at various level of resolution i.e. the microscale, the meso-scale and the macro-scale. A large series of VCC CPT has been performed. Simulations were performed for models with different horizontal servo-control walls, various sizes of chamber, cone and particles and two boundary conditions. The results were analyzed, focusing on aspects such as chamber size, particle size and boundary condition effects on steady state cone resistance values. A smaller number of tests have also been examined from the point of view of shaft resistance. Most trends and results obtained are shown to be in agreement with previous physical tests. When disagreements appear, the causes are identified: the most severe disagreements result from initial inhomogeneities in the discrete model. The work described in this thesis showed ease the burden of future CPT calibrations in granular materials.Los ensayos de penetración estática de cono (CPT) son una de las herramientas más importantes en el reconocimiento geotécnico. La interpretación de los resultados de ensayo en arcilla ha avanzado considerablemente desde un punto de vista teórico y numérico. Sin embargo la interpretación de los resultados en los materiales granulares por ejemplo arena) todavía está basada en correlaciones empíricas provenientes de las pruebas realizadas en cámaras de calibración (CC), donde el estado del suelo y sus propiedades pueden ser controlados. Las cámaras de calibración son equipos relativamente grandes, y los ensayos en ellas son bastante costosos en tiempo y recursos. Por otra parte, las pruebas se realizan en muestras de arenas reconstituidas cuyas propiedades varían respecto de los depósitos naturales de donde provienen. Por lo tanto, las correlaciones desarrolladas en un tipo de arena podrían no ser adecuadas para otro depósito distinto. Cámaras de calibración numéricas (virtuales) basadas en el método de elementos discretos (DEM) podrían ofrecer una alternativa interesante a los ensayos físicos. Este estudio es el primer intento de realizar una simulación basadas en el método de los elementos discretos tridimensionales de ensayos de penetración de cono. El código comercial tridimensional (PFC3D) ha sido usado para desarrollar el modelo de CPT de Cámara de Calibración Virtual (CPT VCC). Para alcanzar este objetivo fueron necesarios varios pasos. En primer lugar, se llevó acabo la calibración de un material discreto análogo a arena de Ticino mediante ensayos elementales. A continuación se construyó el modelo CPT VCC. Un análisis dimensional exhaustivo mostró que la mejor opción para crear un modelo eficiente y real era llenar la cámara con un material con el tamaño de grano 50 veces mayor que el de la arena de Ticino. Se propuso una técnica original de filtrado para extraer la resistencia de punta estacionaria. Se realizó una serie básica de simulaciones para explorar el efecto de la tensión inicial y la densidad relativa sobre la resistencia de cono. Los resultados obtenidos de las simulaciones se ajustan estrechamente a las tendencias establecidas previamente en cámaras físicas. Este resultado fue tomado como una validación general del programa de simulación propuesto. Desde el punto de vista de la micro-mecánica, el material granular es muy discontinuo y no homogéneo. La obtención de un estado inicial homogéneo (especialmente en la zona de penetración del cono) es crucial para obtener resultados fácilmente interpretables. Por lo tanto se han desarrollado procedimientos específicos para evaluar heterogeneidades del estado inicial. Los resultados manifestaron el papel clave del contorno de modelo (paredes rígidas), tanto pasivo como activo (servo-controlados), durante la formación del modelo. Los modelos basados en el DEM puede proporcionar resultados a varios niveles de la resolución, es decir del micro-, meso- y macro escala. Se ha realizado una gran serie de VCC CPT. Las simulaciones se realizaron para modelos con diferentes posiciones en las paredes horizontales de servo-control, varios tamaños de cámara, varios tamaños del cono y de las partículas y dos condiciones de contorno. Los resultados se analizaron centrándose en varios aspectos como el tamaño de la cámara, el tamaño de las partículas y los efectos de condiciones de contorno sobre el valor de la resistencia de punta. Un número limitado de los CPT fue examinado desde el punto de vista de la resistencia del fuste del cono. Se observó que la mayoría de las tendencias y los resultados obtenidos estaban de acuerdo con resultados previos obtenidos en ensayos físicos. El trabajo presentado en esta tesis debería facilitar futuras calibraciones CPT en materiales granulados.
2
Zankowski, Corey E. "Calibration of photon and electron beams with an extrapolation chamber". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ44642.pdf.
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Serré, Luc. "Transfer of ionization chamber calibration coefficients in linac MV x-ray beams". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21934.
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A clinical linear accelerator and a Cobalt-60 teletherapy unit were used in combination with five cylindrical cavity ionization chambers to explore the possibility of transferring calibration coefficients from a calibrated reference ionization chamber to a field ionization chamber using linac megavoltage x-ray beams. Five cross-calibration setup methods were explored in Solid Water™ and Lucite™ solid phantoms using 6 MV and 18 MV beams. The calibration coefficients obtained using Lucite™ phantoms were shown to have no statistical difference when compared to those obtained using Solid Water™ phantoms. The calibration coefficients obtained with the 6 MV beam were statistically different than those obtained with the 18 MV beam. The robustness of the five transfer methods in a linac beam was investigated and one method was shown to have superior fault tolerance, with respect to the other methods.Un accélérateur linéaire clinique et une unité de téléthérapie contenant une capsule de Cobalt-60 furent utilisés en association avec cinq chambres d'ionisation à cavité cylindrique afin d'explorer la possibilité de transférer les coefficients d'étalonnage à partir d'une chambre d'ionisation de référence étalonnée à une autre chambre d'ionisation pour des faisceaux de photons de 6 MV et 18 MV. Cinq méthodes de transfert furent étudiées dans des fantômes en Lucite™ et Solid Water™. Les coefficients d'étalonnage obtenus en utilisant des fantômes de Lucite™ ne montraient aucune différence statistique en comparaison avec ceux en Solid Water™. Par contre, les coefficients d'étalonnage obtenus avec les faisceaux de 6 MV différaient statistiquement de ceux obtenus avec les faisceaux 18 MV. La robustesse des cinq méthodes de transfert fut étudiée et une des méthodes a démontré avoir une meilleure tolérance aux erreurs comparativement aux autres méthodes.
4
Burdge, Kevin (Kevin Brian). "Photomultiplier tube calibration for the Cubic Meter Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100342.
Texto completoResumen
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-46).
This thesis concerns measurements I performed on photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and lenses to be used in the Cubic Meter Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber (DMTPC) experiment. DMTPC is a new generation of detector, which takes the idea of a standard time projection chamber and adds in some additional optical elements, such as CCDs and PMTs. The goal of DMTPC is the directional detection of the dark matter. During the course of my measurements, I characterized both the absolute gains of DMTPC's eight PMTs, as well as the dark currents exhibited by each of the PMTs. Seven of the eight PMTs demonstrated gains on the order of 10 6-10 7, and one PMT did not function at all. Of the seven working PMTs, six of them had dark currents under 10 kHz, and one had an excessively high dark current over 10 kHz. These gain values for the PMTs will give DMTPC the means to measure the Z dimensions of the particle tracks it intends to image, and thus when combined with the information from the CCDs will allow for full track reconstruction. DMTPC will use lenses on their CCD cameras, and I also measured the transparency of these lenses, and discovered that they are opaque below approximately 350nm. These measurements will be essential for DMTPC, because they will provide information about the relative amounts of light the PMTs and CCDs on the detector will register, and thus provide key information for track reconstruction.
by Kevin Burdge.
S.B.
5
Lee, Albert H. (Albert Hyunjick). "Point by point gain calibration of the Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61256.
Texto completoResumen
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2010."May 7, 2010." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-53).
Since 1975 a growing body of astronomical evidence has given increasing credibility to the existence of dark matter. Once a simple proposition by Fritz Zwicky to explain discrepancies in the virial motion of galaxy clusters, dark matter can now explain galactic rotation curves, the hierarchical structure of the universe, and the gravitational lensing of the bullet cluster. Nonetheless, the exact particulate nature of dark matter remains a mystery. The Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber (DMTPC) is a directional detection experiment that will be able to measure the energy, length, and direction of nuclear recoil tracks induced by incoming weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). In this thesis I analyze nonuniformities in the CCD images used to record the nuclear recoils. I then identify the source of the nonuniformities and describe a method for calibrating the CCD images. The method improves the energy resolution by decreasing the uncertainty by a factor of 4 for the bottom time projection chamber (TPC) and a factor of 3 for the top TPC.
by Albert H. Lee.
S.B.
6
Braid, Ryan A. "The Calibration of a Fission Chamber at 14 MeV: Accelerator based Neutron Beam Detection". Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1276710315.
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Vinci, Joseph J. "Sparse Aperture Measurement in a Non-Ideal Semi-Anechoic Chamber". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1557426154482334.
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Murphy, Ryan. "Development of an Autonomous Single-Point Calibration for a Constant Voltage Hot-Wire Anemometer". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1357.
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Traditionally, the measurement of turbulence has been conducted using hot-wire anemometry. This thesis presents the implementation of a constant voltage hot-wire anemometer for use with the Boundary Layer Data System (BLDS). A hot-wire calibration apparatus has been developed that is capable of operation inside a vacuum chamber and flow speeds up to 50 m/s. Hot-wires operated with a constant-voltage anemometer (CVA) were calibrated at absolute static pressures down to 26 kPa. A thermal/electrical model for a hot-wire and the CVA circuit successfully predicted the measured CVA output voltage trend at reduced pressure environments; however, better results were obtained when the Nusselt number was increased. A calibration approach that required only one measured flow speed was developed to allow autonomous calibrations of a CVA hot-wire. The single-point calibration approach was evaluated through comparison with the experimental data from the vacuum chamber over a range of 14-50 m/s and at pressures from 26 to 100 kPa. The thermal-electrical model was used to make predictions of CVA output voltage and the corresponding flow speed for conditions that could not be replicated within a laboratory. The first set of predictions were made for conditions from 7.5 to 100 kPa, at a constant temperature of 25⁰C, within a flight speed range of 40 to 150 m/s. Single-point calibrations were developed from these predictions. Additionally, the thermal-electrical model was used to predict hot-wire response for a change in temperature of 25⁰C at 26 kPa and the single-point calibration developed for the pressure range 7.5 to 100 kPa was tested for its ability to adjust. The temperature variation at a single pressure of 26 kPa proved that the single-point function was capable of adapting to off-standard temperatures with the largest deviations of +/- 7% in the mid-range velocities. With a temperature drop, the deviations were below 5%. The second set of thermal-electrical predictions involved conditions for altitude from 0 to 18 km at flow speeds from 40 to 150 m/s. A single-point calibration was developed for altitude conditions. Furthermore, to test the single-point calibration the thermal-electrical model was used to predict hot-re response for a temperature variation of 25⁰C at 18 km. The single-point calibration developed for altitude proved that it was capable of adjusting to a temperature variation of 25⁰C with maximum deviations of about 5% at mid-range velocities. It is proposed that the single-point calibration approach could be employed for CVA measurements with the Boundary Layer Data System (BLDS) to allow hot-wire data to be acquired autonomously during flight tests.
9
Le, guen Simon. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation phénoménologique des transferts thermiques aux parois des chambres de combustion des moteurs à allumage commandé". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0012.
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Du fait du durcissement des normes en matière d’émissions polluantes et de gaz à effet de serre, les constructeurs automobiles développent des groupes motopropulseurs toujours plus sophistiqués et mettent au point des stratégies de contrôle moteur avancées. Dans ce contexte, les outils de simulation interviennent à toutes les étapes du processus de développement d’un moteur. Il est donc nécessaire de posséder des modèles à la fois fiables et simples d’utilisation. Les transferts thermiques entre les gaz et les parois de la chambre de combustion influencent des postes clés tels que la consommation et les émissions polluantes. Néanmoins ceux-ci sont difficiles à modéliser du fait de la complexité associée à leur caractérisation expérimentale. Au cours du travail de thèse, une instrumentation spécifique permettant de mesurer directement le flux de chaleur aux parois des chambres de combustion des moteurs à piston a été développée. Les mesures spécifiques réalisées dans différentes conditions de fonctionnement sont combinées à des mesures standards afin de d’étudier les phénomènes gouvernant le transfert de chaleur. Ces résultats sont utilisés pour comparer les principaux modèles zéro-dimensionnels provenant de la littérature et les différentes méthodes de calibration disponibles. Leur précision ainsi que leur prédictivité sont évaluées et des modifications sont proposéesDue to more and more severe regulations regarding pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, advanced powertrain and engine management systems are developed by car manufacturers. In this context, simulation tools are taking an ever-growing importance and are involved in every stage of the development process of engines. Therefore, there is a need for practical and reliable models. Heat transfer between the working gas and the walls of the combustion chamber affect key aspects such as fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. However, heat transfer modeling is difficult because of the complexity associated with its experimental characterization. During this thesis, a specific probe capable of directly measuring heat fluxes to the combustion chamber walls of reciprocating engines has been developed. Specific measurements performed in various working conditions are combined with standard measurements in order to study the phenomena governing the heat transfer process. These results provide relevant information to compare the most common models in the literature and the different calibration methods available. Models accuracy and predictivity are assessed and modifications are proposed
10
Muhammed, Rawaz Dlawar. "Etude en chambre d'étalonnage du frottement sol-pieu sous grands nombres de cycles. Application au calcul des fondations profondes dans les sols fins saturés". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066603/document.
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Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’étude du comportement de l’interface sol-pieu sous sollicitations cycliques dans les sols fins. Dans ce cadre, un important programme expérimental a été réalisé en chambre d’étalonnage, à partir d’une sonde-pieu et d’un piézocône testés dans des massifs d’argile saturée. Pour réaliser cette étude, on a, en particulier, développé un consolidomètre prototype pour la reconstitution des massifs d’argile. On s’est intéressé plus particulièrement, lors de chargements cycliques réalisés à déplacement contrôlé, aux évolutions du frottement local mobilisé à l’interface sol-pieu et de la résistance en pointe. L’étude expérimentale a permis de mettre en évidence l’influence des paramètres clés sur le comportement observé et, plus spécifiquement, sur l’évolution des propriétés de frottement d’interface. On s’est intéressé, en particulier, à l’influence de l’amplitude du chargement cyclique, de la fréquence des sollicitations, ainsi que du nombre de cycles appliqués. L’accent a été mis sur le cas des grands nombres de cycles, typiquement quelques centaines de milliers, encore peu étudié dans la littérature. Il faut également ajouter l’étude de l’influence du niveau des contraintes initiales appliquées au massif. Les résultats expérimentaux ont permis de mettre en évidence, après une phase de dégradation initiale, une phase de renforcement du frottement local. Ce type de comportement n’a pas encore été décrit dans la littérature. La phase de dégradation est attribuée à l’augmentation progressive de la surpression interstitielle à l’interface au cours des cycles, tandis que la phase de renforcement est attribuée à la dissipation progressive de la surpression interstitielle. Par ailleurs, un essai de chargement cyclique sur un piézocône a été réalisé afin de quantifier précisément la variation des surpressions interstitielles à l’interface sol-pieu et dans le massif, lors des différentes phases de chargement, et ainsi valider les interprétations faites concernant les phases de dégradation et de renforcementThis Ph.D. dissertation focuses on the behavior of the pile-soil interface under cyclic loading. In this context, an experimental program was conducted on the Navier calibration chamber using an instrumented pile-probe and a piezocone installed in saturated clay samples. In order to carry out this study, we developed, In particular a slurry consolidomètre prototype to reconstitute fully saturated clay samples. Special attention was given, during displacement controlled cyclic tests, to local friction evolution mobilized at the pile-soil interface and mobilized tip résistance. The experimental study has allowed the demonstration of the influence of the key parameters on the observed behavior and more specifically, on the local friction at the interface. We examined, in particular, the influence of amplitude of cyclic displacement, the frequency of cyclic loading and the applied number of cycles. Emphasis was put on the case of large number of a few hundred thousand of cycles that is still little studied in the literature. We also study the influence of initial consolidation pressure. The experimental results allowed us to identify, after an initial phase of stress softening, a new phase of stress hardening of local friction. This behavior is not yet described in the literature. The stress softening phase is related to the progressive generation of pore water pressure while the stress hardening, for its part, is related to a gradual dissipation of the generated pore water pressure. Furthermore, a complete sequence of monotonic and cyclic tests were conducted on a piezocone in order to quantify, in a precise manner, the generated pore water pressure at the pile-soil interface during different loading phases and thus validate interpretations given for stress-softening and stress-hardening phases based on the observed results
11
Bauer, Zachary Obenour. "A Calibration Method for a Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna and Software Defined Radio Configuration". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1357402542.
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Eyraud, Laurent. "Optimisation et calibration à SATURNE du polarimètre POLDER : expérience t20 au Jefferson laboratory ; mesure des facteurs de forme du deuton". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10223.
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Cette these presente un travail experimental sur la mise au point, les modifications et l'utilisation du polarimetre tensoriel a deutons polder, dans l'experience t#2#0 au jefferson laboratory (etats unis). Le polarimetre polder est base sur la reaction d'analyse h($$d, 2p)n et permet de mesurer la polarisation tensorielle des deutons pour des energies cinetiques comprises entre 160 mev et 520 mev. La premiere partie de cette these presente le polarimetre ainsi que les resultats obtenus lors de l'experience de calibration a saturne (saclay, france). Plusieurs developpements sur le polarimetre en vue de l'experience t#2#0 ont ete realises (chambres a fils a 3 plans de detection, cible, hodoscopes). De plus, un systeme d'acquisition en standard fastbus-vme, utilise pendant la calibration, a ete mis au point. La seconde partie est consacree a l'experience t#2#0 qui a ete la premiere grande experience realisee au jefferson laboratory. L'ensemble du dispositif experimental, l'accelerateur cebaf et l'analyse des donnees sont presentes. Enfin, les resultats preliminaires obtenus sur la valeur de la polarisation t#2#0 et sur l'extraction des facteurs de forme electromagnetique du deuton (g#o, g#q et g#m) sont presentes pour six valeurs du moment transfere q compris entre 4. 11 et 6. 8 fm##1, et compares aux predictions des modeles theoriques existants.
13
Muhammed, Rawaz Dlawar. "Etude en chambre d'étalonnage du frottement sol-pieu sous grands nombres de cycles. Application au calcul des fondations profondes dans les sols fins saturés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066603.
Texto completoResumen
Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’étude du comportement de l’interface sol-pieu sous sollicitations cycliques dans les sols fins. Dans ce cadre, un important programme expérimental a été réalisé en chambre d’étalonnage, à partir d’une sonde-pieu et d’un piézocône testés dans des massifs d’argile saturée. Pour réaliser cette étude, on a, en particulier, développé un consolidomètre prototype pour la reconstitution des massifs d’argile. On s’est intéressé plus particulièrement, lors de chargements cycliques réalisés à déplacement contrôlé, aux évolutions du frottement local mobilisé à l’interface sol-pieu et de la résistance en pointe. L’étude expérimentale a permis de mettre en évidence l’influence des paramètres clés sur le comportement observé et, plus spécifiquement, sur l’évolution des propriétés de frottement d’interface. On s’est intéressé, en particulier, à l’influence de l’amplitude du chargement cyclique, de la fréquence des sollicitations, ainsi que du nombre de cycles appliqués. L’accent a été mis sur le cas des grands nombres de cycles, typiquement quelques centaines de milliers, encore peu étudié dans la littérature. Il faut également ajouter l’étude de l’influence du niveau des contraintes initiales appliquées au massif. Les résultats expérimentaux ont permis de mettre en évidence, après une phase de dégradation initiale, une phase de renforcement du frottement local. Ce type de comportement n’a pas encore été décrit dans la littérature. La phase de dégradation est attribuée à l’augmentation progressive de la surpression interstitielle à l’interface au cours des cycles, tandis que la phase de renforcement est attribuée à la dissipation progressive de la surpression interstitielle. Par ailleurs, un essai de chargement cyclique sur un piézocône a été réalisé afin de quantifier précisément la variation des surpressions interstitielles à l’interface sol-pieu et dans le massif, lors des différentes phases de chargement, et ainsi valider les interprétations faites concernant les phases de dégradation et de renforcementThis Ph.D. dissertation focuses on the behavior of the pile-soil interface under cyclic loading. In this context, an experimental program was conducted on the Navier calibration chamber using an instrumented pile-probe and a piezocone installed in saturated clay samples. In order to carry out this study, we developed, In particular a slurry consolidomètre prototype to reconstitute fully saturated clay samples. Special attention was given, during displacement controlled cyclic tests, to local friction evolution mobilized at the pile-soil interface and mobilized tip résistance. The experimental study has allowed the demonstration of the influence of the key parameters on the observed behavior and more specifically, on the local friction at the interface. We examined, in particular, the influence of amplitude of cyclic displacement, the frequency of cyclic loading and the applied number of cycles. Emphasis was put on the case of large number of a few hundred thousand of cycles that is still little studied in the literature. We also study the influence of initial consolidation pressure. The experimental results allowed us to identify, after an initial phase of stress softening, a new phase of stress hardening of local friction. This behavior is not yet described in the literature. The stress softening phase is related to the progressive generation of pore water pressure while the stress hardening, for its part, is related to a gradual dissipation of the generated pore water pressure. Furthermore, a complete sequence of monotonic and cyclic tests were conducted on a piezocone in order to quantify, in a precise manner, the generated pore water pressure at the pile-soil interface during different loading phases and thus validate interpretations given for stress-softening and stress-hardening phases based on the observed results
14
Elliott, Grant (Grant Andrew). "Ultraviolet laser calibration of drift chambers". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36129.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-56).
We demonstrate the use of a focused ultraviolet laser as a track calibration source in drift chambers, and specifically in a small time projection chamber (TPC). Drift chambers such as TPCs reconstruct the trajectories of charged particles by amplifying and collecting electrons produced by ionization of gas atoms with which the target particle collides. The ultraviolet laser induces a two-photon ionization of gaseous organic compounds along the beam, providing an artificially produced track which may then be used as a calibration source, particularly because it behaves as a particle of infinite momentum whose trajectory is straight in a magnetic field. To this end, we present measurements of the ionization profile of the laser for various gasses and model this ionization in terms of photon flux.
by Grant Elliott.
S.B.
15
Tali, Brahim. "Comportement de l'interface sols-structure sous sollicitations cycliques : application au calcul des fondations profondes". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00657267.
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Ce travail de thèse porte sur l'étude du comportement de l'interface sol-structure sous sollicitations cycliques. Pour cela, un important programme expérimental à la sonde-pieu, mise en place dans des massifs de sable siliceux en chambre d'étalonnage, a été réalisé. On s'est intéressé, particulièrement, à l'évolution du frottement latéral et de la résistance enpointe à grand nombre de cycles (100 000 cycles), en faisant varier l'état initial du massif (état de densité et contrainte de consolidation) et les paramètres de chargement (amplitude du déplacement cyclique). Lors des essais à déplacement contrôlé, un renforcement important du frottement latéral à grand nombre de cycles a été observé pour les faibles valeurs de résistance en pointe initiale. Ce renforcement n'a quasiment pas été observé avant par les auteurs, car l'accent a été mis sur la phase de dégradation (autour de 1000cycles). Il est attribué à une forte dilatance partiellement empêchée. En revanche, pour les fortes valeurs de résistance en pointe, le renforcement à grand nombre de cycles diminue considérablement. Cette diminution est liée à l'effet des particules fines créées lors du fonçage. Celles-ci jouent le rôle de cimentation/scellement de la surface latérale de la sonde pieu en diminuant sa rugosité. Par ailleurs, des essais à force contrôlée ont été réalisés afin d'étudier la stabilité des pieux. Enfin, des lois empiriques d'évolution du frottement latéral et de la résistance en pointe ont été proposées afin de reproduire les évolutions observées expérimentalement. Ces lois d'évolution ont été intégrées dans un modèle de calcul de pieu sous chargement cyclique de type t-z. Les premières simulations effectuées montrent un bon accord entre le modèle et les résultats expérimentaux à petit nombre de cycles
16
FRANCISCATTO, PRISCILA C. "Caracterizacao das qualidades de radiacao X segundo as recomendacoes da norma IEC 61267 no Laboratorio de Calibracao do IPEN". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9454.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
17
DIAS, DANIEL M. "Estabelecimento de um novo metodo de calibracao de camaras de ionizacao tipo lapis para dosimetria em feixes de tomografia computadorizada". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9621.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
18
Deile, Mario. "Optimization and Calibration of the Drift-Tube Chambers for the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer". Diss., lmu, 2000. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-2758.
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Mokrani, Larbi. "Simulation physique du comportement des pieux à grande profondeur en chambre de calibration". Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0088.
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L'etude du comportement des pieux en milieu pulverulent est liee au developpement tres rapide des structures en mer faisant intervenir des profondeurs d'ancrage et des surcharges largement superieures a celles rencontrees dans le domaine terrestre. La demarche experimentale que nous avons adoptee, nous a amenes a choisir comme outil de simulation physique la chambre de calibration developpee a l'i. M. G. ; celle-ci permet des enfoncements importants de pieux modeles instrumentes dans des conditions de confinement correspondant a celles des pieux reels. Les essais de chargement axial statique d'un pieu realises ont permis d'etudier l'influence de la profondeur simulee et la densite du massif de sable sur la mobilisation de la resistance de pointe et du frottement lateral, et ceci selon le mode de mise en place du pieu (moulage, battage, foncage). Les resultats presentes montrent la limitation des formules classiques de dimensionnement. L'introduction de l'evolution des caracteristiques mecaniques avec le niveau de contrainte, dans un schema d'expansion de cavite, a permis de rendre compte de la variation parabolique de la resistance de pointe limite en fonction de la profondeur. L'application des conditions aux limites laterales du type pressiometriques, simulant la rigidite qu'aurait le massif de sable in situ, nous a permis de montrer que l'influence des dimensions de la cuve d'essai sur les resultats experimentaux depend du caractere dilatant ou contractant du sol
20
Eissautier, Marc. "Frottement latéral des pieux en milieu pulvérulent expérimentation en petite chambre de calibration". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597468g.
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Larsson, Peter. "Calibration of Ionization Chambers for Measuring Air Kerma Integrated over Beam Area in Diagnostic Radiology". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medicinsk radiofysik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7848.
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The air kerma area product PKA is an important quantity used by hospital physicists in quality assurance and optimization processes in diagnostic radiology and is recommended by national authorities for setting of diagnostic reference levels. PKA can be measured using a transmission ionization chamber (kerma area product (KAP) meter) mounted on the collimator housing. Its signal QKAP must be calibrated to give values of PKA. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the factors influencing the accuracy of the calibration coefficients k= PKA/QKAP and of reported PKA-values. Due to attenuation and scatter in the KAP-meter and presence of extra-focal radiation, values of PKA depend on the choice of integration area A and the distance of the reference plane from the focal spot yielding values of PKA that may differ by as much as 23% depending on this choice. The two extremes correspond to (1) PKA=PKA,o integrated over the exit surface of the KAP-meter resulting in geometry independent calibration coefficients and (2) PKA=PKA,Anom integrated over the nominal beam area in the patient entrance plane resulting in geometry dependent calibration coefficients. Three calibration methods are analysed. Method 1 aims at determine PKA,Anom, for clinical use at the patient entrance plane. At standard laboratories, the method is used to calibrate with respect to radiation incident on the KAP-meter. Problems with extra-focal and scattered radiation are then avoided resulting in calibration coefficients with low standard uncertainty (±1.5 %, coverage factor 2). Method 2 was designed in this work to approach determination of PKA,o using thermoluminescent detectors to monitor contributions from extra-focal radiation and account for the heel effect. The uncertainty in derived calibration coefficients was ± 3% (coverage factor 2). Method 3 uses a Master KAP-meter calibrated at a standard laboratory for incident radiation to calibrate clinical KAP-meters. It has potential to become the standard method in the future replacing the tedious method 2 for calibrations aiming at determination of PKA,o. Commercially available KAP-meters use conducting layers of indium oxide causing a strong energy dependence of their calibration coefficients. This dependence is investigated using Monte Carlo simulations and measurements. It may introduce substantial uncertainties in reported PKA– values since calibration coefficients as obtained from standard laboratories are often available only at one filtration (2.5 mm Al) as function of tube voltage or HVL. This is not sufficient since higher filtrations are commonly used in practice, including filters of Cu. In extreme cases, calibration coefficients for the same value of HVL but using different tube voltages and filtrations can deviate by as much as 30%. If standardised calibration methods are not used and choice of calibration coefficients not carefully chosen with respect to beam quality, the total uncertainty in reported PKA–values may be as large as 40-45%. Conversion of PKA-values to risk related quantities is briefly discussed. The large energy dependence of the conversion coefficients, ε/PKA, for determination of energy imparted,ε, to the patient reduces to a lower energy dependence of calibration coefficients CQ,ε = ε/QKAP for determination of ε from the KAP-meter signal.
22
BRANCACCIO, FRANCO. "Automatizacao de um sistema de medidas de correntes produzidas por camaras de ionizacao e aplicacao na calibracao do sup(18) F e sup(153) Sm". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2002. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11028.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
23
SILVA, ERIC A. B. da. "Caracterização e aplicação de duas câmaras de extrapolação em feixes padronizados de radiação X". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9974.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
24
ANTONIO, PATRICIA de L. "Estudo comparativo entre metodos de calibracao de aplicadores clinicos de radiacao beta". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9444.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
25
SIQUEIRA, PATRICIA M. de. "Implantação do novo protocolo de dosimetria da AIEA no LCI/IPEN/CNEN". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11454.
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
26
Chouridou, Sofia. "Calibration of the wire positions of the ATLAS Muon Chambers and studies of Neutralino decays at LHC". Diss., lmu, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-2695.
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TERNET, OLIVIER. "Reconstitution et caracterisation des massifs de sable : application aux essais en centrifugeuse et en chambre de calibration". Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN2061.
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Cette these s'articule suivant trois axes. Le premier concerne l'etude des variations spatiales du poids volumique au sein des massifs sableux reconstitues par pluviation. Ces variations sont quantifiees grace a des boites calibrees ou par impregnation du massif par de l'agar-agar en solution. Ces variations sont correlees avec des mesures de contraintes geostatiques et de resistance de pointe au penetrometre statique qui sont presentees dans les deuxieme et troisieme parties du memoire. La seconde partie du memoire est consacree a l'etude des contraintes totales au sein de massifs de sable de fontainebleau reconstitues et centrifuges. L'effet silo est mis en evidence et des mesures du coefficient des terres au repos sont presentees pour des conteneurs parallelepipediques et cylindriques. Pour chaque etude, une comparaison est etablie entre les resultats experimentaux et des modeles theoriques. La troisieme partie du memoire est consacree a la caracterisation des massifs de sable centrifuges au penetrometre statique. Une cartographie des resistance de pointe est presentee, correlee avec les variations spatiales du poids volumique et des contraintes totales. Des recommandations sont donnees concernant la repetitivite de l'essai penetrometrique en centrifugeuse. Enfin, il est etablie une confrontation entre les mesures experimentales et differents modeles theoriques de prevision de la resistance de pointe.
28
Le, Kouby Alain. "Etude du comportement mécanique de micropieux sous chargements monotones et cycliques verticaux : application aux effets de groupe". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005722.
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A partir dune approche du type modélisation physique, on sintéresse à la quantification des interactions, appelées couramment « effets de groupe », qui peuvent se développer entre les micropieux rapprochés sous sollicitations monotones et cycliques verticales.Dans le cas monotone, leffet de groupe est étudié à partir du comportement dune inclusion générique au sein dun groupe en interaction avec des inclusions adjacentes. Les résultats montrent un effet de groupe positif sur le frottement latéral et négatif sur la résistance en pointe. Dans le cas des chargements cycliques, deux cas sont considérés à savoir les chargements à force contrôlée destinés à établir des diagrammes de stabilité cyclique et les chargements à déplacement contrôlé pour les mécanismes de dégradation. Pour les premiers, laugmentation du nombre dinclusions montre un effet positif et pour les seconds, les résultats montrent un effet de groupe positif sur le frottement latéral et négatif sur la pointe.
29
Hudelot, Jean-Pascal. "Développement, amélioration et calibration des mesures de taux de réaction neutroniques : élaboration d'une base de techniques standards". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10076.
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Dans le cadre de l'amelioration et de la validation des formulaires de calcul neutronique, la mise au point de mesures integrales des grandeurs neutroniques est indispensable. Cette these consiste en la conception, l'amelioration et le developpement de mesures de taux de reaction neutroniques dans le but d'etablir une base de techniques standards. Deux axes de recherche sont abordes. Le premier concerne les mesures directes par chambres a fission. Il comporte une breve presentation des techniques de mesure employees puis une mise en oeuvre de ces dernieres a travers l'exemple de la mesure de temps de doublement sur le reacteur eole dans la configuration mistral 1. Puis l'on developpe deux types de dispositifs de calibration des chambres a fission : une colonne thermique placee au centre du reacteur minerve, et une cellule d'etalonnage basee sur l'utilisation en mode pulse d'un generateur de neutrons a haut flux avec discrimination de l'energie des neutrons par temps de vol. Le second dispositif permettra d'atteindre dans un futur proche une precision de 1% sur la masse des chambres a fission. Enfin, la necessite de ces etalonnages est illustree par des mesures d'indices de spectre dans les programmes mistral 1 (cur uo#2) et mistral 2 (cur mox) realises sur le reacteur eole. Chaque etude comprend la qualification des schemas de calcul realises avec le code mcnp (monte carlo n-particle). Le second axe aborde concerne le developpement d'une methode de mesure du taux de conversion modifie de l'#2#3#8u (rapport du taux de capture de l'#2#3#8u au taux de fission total) par spectrometrie gamma directement sur crayon combustible irradie. Dans le cadre des programmes mistral 1 et mistral 2, il comprend la description du banc de mesure, des resultats d'experience et d'etalonnage du spectrometre, ainsi que la qualification des calculs mcnp d'autoprotection neutronique et d'autoabsorption gamma. Il montre que des incertitudes de mesure meilleures que 1% sont atteintes. Il comporte egalement l'extension de cette technique a des mesures futures (interessantes dans le cadre de l'etude des systemes hybrides et de l'incineration des actinides mineurs) de taux de conversion modifies du #2#4#2pu (sur crayon mox) et du #2#3#2th (sur crayon thorium). Les simulations mcnp relatives a ces derniers points sont detaillees.
30
SILVA, NATALIA F. da. "Estabelecimento de um sistema padrão primário para raios X baixas com uma câmara de ionização de ar livre de energias". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26382.
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Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
31
GUERRA, ALINE B. "Estabelecimento e controle de qualidade de feixes padroes de radiacao X para calibracao de instrumentos, nivel mamografia". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10849.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
32
Antilogus, Pierre. "Calibration de la TPC de DELPHI pour la mesure du dE/dx : étude des oscillations des mésons beaux dans DELPHI". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077003.
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La TPC (Time Projection Chamber) de DELPHI, en fournissant 16 points tri-dimensionnels par trace chargée, joue un rôle pivot dans la reconstruction des événements L. E. P. Ce détecteur en mesurant l'énergie déposée le long des trajectoires permet également une identification des particules ; en particulier, il rend possible une séparation à 3 écarts types entre électron et pion jusqu'à 7. 5 GeV. Dans cette thèse, nous développons le contrôle des systématiques dans la mesure de l'énergie déposée. En particulier, nous présentons les résultats de la calibration des 12 chambres proportionnelles de la TPC de DELPHI. Ces mesures permettront de bénéficier au mieux du pouvoir d'identification de la TPC. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, différentes méthodes de mesures des oscillations des mésons beaux, sont abordées. Dans cette étude, le type de résultats qui peuvent être obtenus à DELPHI, est estimé. On s'est attaché plus particulièrement à introduire une mesure différentielle des oscillations qui apparaît comme la seule méthode permettant de mesurer le mélange maximal attendu pour des mésons B⁰s √ B⁰sThe TPC (Time Projection Chamber) of DELPHI which gives 16 tridimensional space-points for each charged track, is fondamental in the reconstruction of L. E. P. Events with complex topology. This detector with its measurement of the energy lost by particles in the Ar/CH4 mixture, permits also separation between electron and pion at 3 standard deviations below 7. 5 GeV. In this thesis we develop the control of systematic errors in the energy lost measurement. More precisely, we present results on the 12 TPC proportional chambers calibration. With these measurements we can use the identification power of the TPC in the best condition. In the second part of this thesis, we develop different methods on the beauty meson oscillation measurement. We estimate the possibility for the DELPHI detector in this sector. Particularly, we introduce the differential measurement of the oscillation which seems to be the only method to have access to the maximal mixing of the B⁰s √ B⁰s mesons
33
OLIVEIRA, MERCIA L. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema de referencia e de uma metodologia para calibracao de aplicadores oftalmicos utilizados em braquiterapia". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11248.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Intituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP
FAPESP:01/00231-5
34
RODRIGUES, LETICIA L. C. "Metodo para determinacao de fatores de correcao induzidos pela irradiacao de cabos das camaras de ionizacao em campos grandes". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1988. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9899.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
35
Battistini, Lorenzo. "Impact of future EU7 regulations on high performance gasoline-ICEs and possible innovative technologies for extension of lambda 1 operating range". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/25674/.
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The aim of pollutant emissions legislation is to bring environmental benefit by helping reduce, for what road transport is responsible, the concentration of pollutants where levels are too high and endanger human health.
Europe is considering several changes in “post Euro 6d” regulation from 2025. Several measures have been proposed for Euro 7, most of which introduce new challenges in the development of high-performance turbocharged gasoline engine such as the extension of lambda 1 in the whole engine map.
In this Master Thesis, possible technologies to expand the engine operating range with lambda 1 in the entire engine map, without widely reducing the engine performances are analyzed. In particular the focus is on the Pre-Chamber Spark Ignition (PCSI), the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), the Miller Cylce, the Water Injection and the Ultra High Pressure Injection.
Subsequently, the modeling and validation in Simulink/Matlab of thermal models to analyze and monitor the exhaust gas temperature in the entire exhaust system is presented and explained. The aim of the modeling is integrating the modules into the Model-in-the-Loop environment and co-simulating with GT-Power/Simulink for a virtual pre-calibration of exhaust gas temperature control.
Finally, homologation cycles are run to obtain a first analysis feedback regarding the pre-calibration and to understand which are the cycle zones where the fuel enrichement will be necessary to reach the desired temperature.
36
Vágner, Martin. "Návrh a identifikace rozšířeného modelu MEMS gyroskopu". Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234458.
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The thesis is aimed on measurement and modeling of MEMS gyroscopes based on input-output characteristics. The first part briefs the state of the art. The second part is dedicated to measurement methodology. Critical points and sources of uncertainty are discussed and evaluated using measurements or simulations. The last part shows key characteristics of MEMS gyroscopes based on the survey of a group of different sensor types. The results have revealed significant influence of supply voltage that causes bias drift of the gyroscope and bias drift of the internal temperature sensor. The error can be comparable to temperature drift; however, this effect is not addressed in the literature. The second observed effect is temperature dependency of angle random walk. In the last part, a general model of a MEMS gyroscope is rewritten to reflect observed effects. Moreover, the structure is selected to be easily extendable and the coefficients are expressed to allow a comparison of nominal parameters of different sensors.
37
Cucciarrè, Francesca. "Numerical and experimental methods for design and test of units and devices on BepiColombo Mission". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423379.
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In this thesis work several numerical and experimental methods for design and test of units and devices onboard BepiColombo Mission are studied, implemented and described.
BepiColombo Mission is the result of the joined efforts of European Space Agency and Japanese Space Agency: in 2015 two different orbiters (ESA Mercury Planetary Orbiter, MPO, which will support remote sensing and radio-science instrumentation, and JAXA Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, MMO) will be launched in the direction of Mercury to study the surface composition and morphology, the geology and the magnetosphere of the planet closest to the Sun. Italy plays an important role in the mission since it is involved in the design and development of the Spectrometer and Imagers for Mpo Bepicolombo Integrated Observatory SYStem (SIMBIO-SYS): this integrated package of instruments includes an imaging system with stereo (STC) and high spatial resolution (HRIC) capabilities along with a hyperspectral imager (VIHI) in the visible and near infrared range.
Due to the proximity to the Sun, MPO will face an extremely harsh environment from a thermal point of view, therefore the orbiter, and in particular instrumentation exposed to the thermal fluxes, shall be equipped with sophisticated thermal control devices, such as baffling systems for heat rejection. Starting from the deep knowledge of the thermal scenario in which units and baffles will operate, thanks to the results obtained from detailed thermal and mathematical models, different innovative test-beds have been conceived and designed in order to simulate the environmental thermal fluxes in laboratory.
At first, the Structural Thermal Models of SIMBIO-SYS baffles have been tested, subjecting the devices to the environmental infrared fluxes provided by infrared lamps and cold sources in vacuum conditions and assuring different temperature levels on the thermal interfaces of the units; after the test campaign, the thermal mathematical models of the baffles themselves have been validated thanks to the correlation with the experimental results, providing some useful information on the design of the Flight Models of the baffles. Afterwards an original set-up to test the Qualification Model of the Stavroudis baffle of HRIC unit has been designed: during tests, scheduled in January and February 2013, also solar fluxes will be simulated, thanks to CISAS solar simulator, with the aim to qualify the instrument reproducing in vacuum the maximum and minimum operative and non operative temperatures and the most critical heat fluxes (solar and infrared) in sequence.
In parallel to this activity, from the need to calibrate and qualify the units in space-like environment simulating the operative conditions, two thermal vacuum chambers have been designed: calibration will be performed for HRIC and STC-VIHI units separately, with and without baffles. The activity started from the comprehension of the instruments calibration requirements and proceeded with the conceptual design of the units, the detailed thermal, structural and electrical design and concluded with the procurement, the assembling and the test activity, which has been performed in order to verify the initial requirements.
Thanks to these activities, a series of methods, procedures and techniques, both numerical and experimental, have been developed and validated, with the aim to provide an original and useful contribution to the design and test of SIMBIO-SYS suite onboard BepiColombo missionL’anno 2015 vedrà l’inizio della missione BepiColombo, promossa dall’Agenzia Spaziale Europea (ESA) in collaborazione con l’Agenzia Spaziale Giapponese (JAXA): la missione scientifica permetterà di approfondire la conoscenza di Mercurio, il pianeta più interno del Sistema Solare, studiandone la superficie, la composizione interna e il campo magnetico, consentendo inoltre di investigare sulle cause che hanno portato alla nascita dei pianeti e sulla loro evoluzione nel tempo. Il segmento di volo è costituito da 2 satelliti distinti: il Mercury Planet Orbiter (MPO), sotto la diretta responsabilità dell’ESA, che supporta la strumentazione per remote sensing e radioscienza, e il Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO), che supporta la strumentazione per lo studio del campo magnetico e che è assegnato al controllo della JAXA. L’Italia riveste un ruolo fondamentale nell’ambito della missione dal momento che l’Agenzia Spaziale Italiana è coinvolta nella progettazione e nello sviluppo della suite SIMBIO-SYS (Spectrometer and Imagers for Mpo Bepicolombo Integrated Observatory SYStem), un pacchetto integrato di strumenti costituito da un sistema per imaging stereo (STC), da un sistema per imaging ad alta risoluzione (HRIC) e da uno spettrometro nel campo delle lunghezze d’onda del visibile e dell’infrarosso (VIHI). A causa della vicinanza del pianeta al Sole, MPO opererà in un ambiente ostile ed estremo dal punto di vista termico, di conseguenza il satellite e la strumentazione saranno dotati di sofisticati sistemi per il controllo termico attivo e passivo (ad esempio sistemi di baffling per la reiezione dei flussi). Partendo dalla comprensione e dalla conoscenza dello scenario termico in cui la strumentazione si troverà ad operare, grazie ai risultati dei modelli matematici previsionali, sono stati ideati e progettati diversi setup sperimentali innovativi al fine di simulare in laboratorio i flussi termici ambientali. Inizialmente è stata condotta una campagna di test sui modelli termo-strutturali (STM) dei baffles di SIMBIO-SYS, sottoponendo i dispositivi al flusso infrarosso planetario, simulato da lampade infrarosse e sorgenti fredde in condizioni di vuoto e assicurando diversi livelli di temperature alle interfacce termiche delle unità. In seguito alla campagna di test, i modelli matematici e termici dei baffles sono stati validati, mediante la procedura di correlazione con i risultati sperimentali; grazie alla validazione, è stato quindi possibile raffinare i modelli termici del modello da volo dei baffles. In secondo luogo è stato ideato e progettato un set-up per testare il Qualification Model del baffle Stavroudis di HRIC: durante i test, in programma per gennaio e febbraio 2013, saranno simulati anche i flussi solari, grazie all’innovativo simulatore solare progettato al CISAS, allo scopo di qualificare lo strumento riproducendo in vuoto le minime e massime temperature operative e non operative e i flussi termici (solare e infrarosso) più critici. All’attività precedentemente descritta è stato affiancato il design di due camere termovuoto che verranno utilizzate in fase di calibrazione e qualifica dei modelli da volo di STC, VIHI e HRIC, con e senza baffles. A partire dall’analisi delle prestazioni degli strumenti e da una serie di requisiti meccanici, termici, elettrici, di vuoto, di cleanliness e contamination, è stato effettuato uno studio di fattibilità, a cui sono seguiti il design preliminare delle camere, una serie di analisi strutturali e termiche di dettaglio (per simulare in camera da vuoto le interfacce meccaniche e termiche degli strumenti), la progettazione elettrica, il procurement dei componenti e l’attività di test sui sistemi progettati, al fine di verificare i requisiti iniziali imposti. Grazie a queste attività, sono stati sviluppati e validati una serie di metodi, procedure e tecniche, sia dal punto di vista numerico che sperimentale, al fine di fornire un contributo utile ed originale alla progettazione e alla verifica della strumentazione della suite SIMBIO-SYS a bordo della missione BepiColombo
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BULLA, ROSELI T. "Metodos de calibracao de camaras de ionizacao de placas paralelas para dosimetria de feixes de eletrons". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1999. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10752.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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ROS, RENATO A. "Metodologia de controle de qualidade de equipamentos de raios x (nivel diagnostico) utilizados em calibracao de instrumentos". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2000. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10803.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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MAZZAFERRO, LUCA. "Development of a framework to monitor the performances and the data quality of the ATLAS RPC trigger chambers using the Calibration Stream data". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/202207.
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The CERN1 laboratory, near Geneva, hosts the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the highest energy hadron-hadron accelerator-collider in the world. It operates since 2009, withacontinuousincreaseofthecenterofmassenergywhich, in2012, reachedthehighest value of 8TeV. During this period it delivered an integrated luminosity of approximately 28fb−1. The ATLAS2 experiment, installed in one of the experimental hole along the LHC tunnel, is able both to investigate the Standard Model physics and to search for evidence of new signals beyond it. On the fourth of July 2012 the ATLAS and CMS3 collaborations announced together the discovery of a new boson[4]. The subsequent analysis confirmed the Standard Model Higgs nature of the new particle. A technical shutdown, to upgrade the LHC system, is currently underway. At the restart, expected in 2015, the energy in the center of mass should reach 13 TeV and the instantaneous luminosity will increase up to 1034cm−2s−1. This thesis is organized as follows: An introduction to the LHC system and the ATLAS experiment can be found in chapters 1 and 2. Special attention is dedicated to the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer, which is used to trigger, track the muon particles and measure their pT . The trigger system in the barrel of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer consists of Resistive
Plate Chambers (RPC). A detailed description of these gaseous detectors is given in chapter 3. The ATLAS experiment, and the RPC chambers, are expected to operate at least for the next 10-15 years of data taking. For this reason a continuous monitoring on the status and the performances of the RPC chambers is required. This work focused on the development of a complete software environment consisting of physics analysis, task manager routines and work-flow procedure, to enable simple and reliable monitoring of the RPC system using Grid computing resources. The work presented in this thesis uses the high statistics data stream,calledCalibration Stream, for the analysis; although increasing computing capacity is required to perform such as analysis, it permits the production, per run, of RPC performances results, such as efficiency tomography plots, which are not possible when using other analysis chains. Chapters 4 and 5 describe the author’s work in the development of the RPC physics analysis for the RPC monitoring system and its subsequent integration into the Local Calibration Data Splitter. Finally chapter 6 contains a typical “use case” illustrating the users work procedure and associated analysis results.
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BARROS, GUSTAVO A. S. J. "Projeto de um laboratorio integrado de calibracao de instrumentos no IPEN". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9372.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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PERINI, ANA P. "Projeto, construção e caracterização de câmaras de ionização para utilização como sistemas padrões em feixes de radiação X e gama". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10563.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
43
Silva, Eric Alexandre Brito da. "Caracterização e aplicação de duas câmaras de extrapolação em feixes padronizados de radiação X". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-01082011-100350/.
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As câmaras de extrapolação são câmaras de ionização com volume variável e são utilizadas principalmente como detectores de radiação beta. Neste trabalho foram caracterizadas duas câmaras de extrapolação, uma comercial da marca PTW, e uma outra desenvolvida no Laboratório de Calibração do IPEN, para aplicação como sistemas de referência em feixes de mamografia, radiodiagnóstico convencional e radioterapia. Os resultados obtidos nos testes de caracterização da resposta das câmaras de extrapolação: corrente de fuga, estabilidade de curto e médio prazos, determinação das correntes de saturação e das eficiências de coleção de íons, dependência angular e energética, mostram que estas câmaras de extrapolação podem ser utilizadas em dosimetria de feixes de radiação X de energias baixas. Os fatores de transmissão no tecido e os fatores de calibração foram também determinados para todas as qualidades de radiação citadas. Finalmente, foi estabelecido um procedimento de calibração de detectores de radiação em feixes padronizados de radiação X, utilizando as câmaras de extrapolação.The extrapolation chambers are ionization chambers with variable volume, and they are mainly utilized as beta radiation detectors. In this work two extrapolation chambers were characterized, a commercial PTW extrapolation chamber and another extrapolation chamber developed at the Calibration Laboratory of IPEN, for application as reference systems in mammography, conventional diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy beams. The results obtained from the characterization tests of the chamber response: leakage current, short- and medium terms stability, determination of the saturation currents and the ion collection efficiencies, angular and energy dependence, show that these extrapolation chambers may be utilized for low-energy X radiation beam dosimetry. The transmission factors in tissue and the calibration factors were also determined for all cited radiation qualities. Finally, a procedure was established for calibration of radiation detectors in standard X radiation beams, using the extrapolation chambers.
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OLIVEIRA, ELIANE C. "Estabelecimentos de campos padroes de raios-x de energias baixas, nivel de radioprotecao, para calibracao de instrumentos". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1995. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10666.
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Dissertacao(Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
45
Gros, Marie-Hélène. "Calibration par lasers de la chambre a projection temporelle (tpc) de delphi et mesure des parametres du zo par l'etude de ses desintegrations hadroniques". Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112101.
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Le travail presente dans cette these a ete effectue sur l'experience delphi situee sur le collisionneur electron-positron lep. Nous debuterons par une description de l'appareillage, de l'acquisition, du declenchement utilises en 1989 et de leurs performances. Nous continuerons par une presentation detaillee du detecteur de traces chargees la chambre a projection temporelle. Son bon fonctionnement repose sur un controle precis de la qualite du champ electrique et sur la connaissance a quelques pour mille de la vitesse de derive des electrons dans le gaz utilise (80% argon-20% methane). Ces deux buts sont atteints grace a l'utilisation de lasers ultraviolets qui simulent le passage de traces dans le detecteur. Nous decrivons les etapes franchies tout au long de ce travail depuis la prise de donnees jusqu'a l'analyse finale et l'obtention de la vitesse de derive: 66. 67 mm par microseconde. L'autre partie de cette these porte sur la mesure des parametres du z vecteur de l'interaction faible. Nous commencerons par decrire les predictions theoriques du modele standard ainsi que les corrections radiatives qui entrent en jeu dans la desintegration hadronique du z. Nous presenterons ensuite la methode utilisee pour connaitre la luminosite integree et la selection des desintegrations hadroniques. En combinant ces informations nous determinerons la section efficace experimentale de desintegration du z en hadrons. En ajustant sur ces donnees la forme theorique prevue par le modele standard il est possible de determiner la masse, la largeur et la section efficace de born au pic. Nous obtenons: m=91. 171+/0. 030+/0. 30 gev; l=2. 511+/0. 065 gev; s#0=41. 6+/0. 7+/1. 1 nb. En utilisant ces divers resultats et en les combinant aux predictions du modele standard nous pouvons exclure ) 95% de confiance l'existence d'un quatrieme neutrino de masse inferieure a 38 gev/c#2
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ANTONIO, PATRICIA de L. "Estabelecimento de padronização primária e de métodos relativos com o uso de técnicas luminescentes em dosimetria da radiação beta". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10621.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
FAPESP:09/52724-7
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COSTA, ALESSANDRO M. da. "Desenvolvimento de camaras de ionizacao Tandem para utilizacao em programas de controle da qualidade em radioterapia e radiodiagnostico". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2003. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11103.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
FAPESP:98/14763-4
48
Lazar, Václav. "Kalibrace experimentálního zařízení pro testování kosmických technologií". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401523.
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Diplomová práce se zabývá možnosti kalibrace experimentálního testovacího zařízení. Zejména se věnuje návrhu termálního matematického modelu popisujícího tepelné procesy uvnitř zařízení v průběhu měření tepelné vodivosti vzorku. První část práce je věnována seznámení se s testovacím zařízením, jeho limity a principem měření. Popisuje řešení třetí verze testovací komory, společně s nezbytnými úpravami, provedenými za účelem zajištění předepsaných simulačních podmínek. Zmiňuje také potřebu a důvody kalibrace. Druhá část je především zaměřená na návrh kalibračních vzorků a termálního modelu. Uvádí definované požadavky a konečné vlastnosti vyrobených vzorků. Matematický model prezentuje postup výpočtu zjištěných tepelných ztrát a poukazuje na možnosti jejich zpřesnění. Testování kalibračních vzorků bylo provedeno na nově zprovozněné třetí verzi testovací komory. Naměřené výsledky poslouží k ladění termálního modelu, nezbytného k dokončení kalibračního procesu, který umožní přikročení k další fázi testování v experimentální komoře.
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Oliveira, Camila Trindade de. "Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para calibração de câmaras de ionização de placas paralelas em feixes de raios X de energia baixa em termos de dose absorvida em água". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-22022016-105213/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer uma metodologia de calibração em termos de dose absorvida na água para câmaras de ionização de placas paralelas a serem utilizadas em feixes de radiação X de energia baixa (10 kV a 100 kV) para fins terapêuticos. Atualmente, no Brasil nenhum laboratório de calibração está oferecendo este tipo de serviço. Para o estabelecimento desta metodologia de calibração foram utilizadas duas câmaras de ionização PTW modelos 23344. Ambas as câmaras foram caracterizadas e testadas qualitativamente segundo recomendações de normas internacionais. Os testes de caracterização realizados foram: a medição da taxa de dose mínima efetiva, a curva de saturação, a eficiência da coleção de íons, a resposta quanto ao efeito da polaridade e a linearidade da câmara com a resposta. Os testes de controle de qualidade aplicados foram: estabilidade em curto e longo prazos, fuga de corrente sem irradiação, fuga de corrente após-irradiação e tempo de estabilização. Para a implantação da metodologia, foram estabelecidas as qualidades de radiação de T-10 a T-100, seguindo as recomendações do código de prática da AIEA. Desta forma, foi possível determinar a grandeza de referência, dose absorvida na água, utilizando-se as duas câmaras de ionizações e em todas as qualidades estabelecidas.The objective of this study was to establish a calibration methodology in terms of absorbed dose to water for parallel plate ionization chambers to be used in low energy X rays beams (10kV to 100kV) for therapy purposes. Currently, in Brazil no calibration laboratory is offering this type of service. In order to establish this calibration methodology was used two ionization chambers PTW models 23344. Both chambers were characterized and tested qualitatively according to recommendations of international standards. The characterization tests performed were: measuring the effective minimum dose rate, the saturation curve, the efficiency of ions collection, polarity effect and the linearity of the ionization chamber with the response. The quality control tests applied were: stability in the short and long term, leakage current without irradiation, leakage current after irradiation and settling time. For the implementation of the methodology, the radiation qualities the T- 10 to T-100 were established, following the recommendations of the IAEA code of practice. Thus, it was possible to determine the magnitude of reference absorbed dose in water, using the two ionization chambers in the all established qualities.
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POTIENS, MARIA da P. A. "Metodologia dosimetrica e sistema de referencia para radiacao x nivel diagnostico". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1999. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10751.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP