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1
Faustino-Santos, Ronald Carleton University Dissertation Sociology. "Canada and the world system: a political economy of Canadian immigration". Ottawa, 1989.
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2
Paterson, Christopher A. "The political economy of competitiveness in the new world economy: The case of Canada under the Progressive Conservatives, 1984-1993". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10086.
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This thesis examines recent transformations in international political economy, particularly the role of the nation-state in responding to the challenge of competitiveness within a new world economy characterized by globalization and technological innovation. Developing a typology of competitiveness from a survey of four leading new theories of economic competitiveness, the thesis presents a hypothesis that an evolving, post-fordist regime of accumulation shaping the new world economy requires new means of state intervention in trade, foreign investment, innovation promotion and other specific policy areas. Applying selected case studies of federal privatizations in Canada under the Progressive Conservative governments of Brian Mulroney from 1984 to 1993--a policy area central to the Mulroney Governments' neoconservative agenda--against the typology of competitiveness clearly indicates that when confronted with the conflicting imperatives of global markets and economic prosperity, governments will likely choose to intervene to protect and promote the latter than pay homage to the former. The results of the thesis' analyses challenge the viability of neoconservative ideology and particularly the effectiveness of free market policies to respond to the challenge of economic competitiveness in the new world economy, presenting a renewed case for progressive and proactive state intervention.
3
Ouyang, Ming. "A study of hysteresis in the open Canadian economy". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23649.pdf.
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Skinner, David. "A system divided, a political economy of Canadian broadcasting". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq24356.pdf.
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Rideout, Vanda (Vanda Nalda) Carleton University Dissertation Sociology. "Canadian telecommunication public policy: a study in political economy". Ottawa, 1991.
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6
Papizzo, Brian O'Shea (Brian Thomas O'Shea). "Towards a political economy of the Canadian recording industry". Ottawa, 1993.
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7
Carpentier, Line Chantal. "Agriculture and the environment : an economic-ecologic input-output model of the Canadian economy". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55482.
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The current environmental movement calls for a re-evaluation of many economic-ecologic relationships. The objective of this study is to identify industrial sectors and final demands most responsible for particular types of residual discharge and resource use. An economic-ecologic model was constructed for the Canadian economy from the Statistics Canada I-O as modified by Thomassin et al. (1992). This modified version with its 12 agricultural sectors and 16 food processing sectors is best suited for agricultural policy analysis. The model estimates national erosion, pesticide and fertilizer use as well as air and water pollutants, solid waste, and water use associated with specified economic activities.Two different scenarios were analyzed. In the first, the impact on both the economy and the environment from changes in the final demand for agricultural and food commodities was simulated. Each commodity's final demand was increased by $1 million and its impact compared to the other simulated results. The ten commodities studied yielded similar economic impacts, while their environmental impacts differed considerably. Changes in the demand for wheat and oilseeds had the largest environmental impacts.
In the second scenario, the effects of a $1 million increase in each final demand category were compared. This scenario focussed on markets rather than products. The construction, exports and personal expenditures categories were the greatest generator of wastes and the largest user of free resources. The exports category yielded twice as much erosion than personal expenditures and twenty times more than the next highest value (construction).
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Rogers, Sean. "Depression and war : three essays on the Canadian economy 1930-45". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37724.
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Two main points histories of the Second World War in Canada traditionally emphasize are (1) the role of war-related fiscal policy in finally ending the Great Depression and (2) the success of government control over the economy. Potential output estimates show a large output gap still in existence in 1939, with it quickly closing by 1941. The Dominion government's war-related fiscal policy emerges as the factor explaining this rapid recovery. But Dominion fiscal policy was also important to recovery before the war. Canada's participation in bi-lateral trade negotiations, which lowered tariffs, the chief instrument of contemporary Dominion government fiscal policy, in reciprocation for similar concessions, stimulated exports, the chief source of recovery before the war.The matter of success rests largely on how well the Department of Munitions and Supply achieved the Dominion government's strategic aims during the war. Two strategic aims identified in this thesis are the government's desire to minimize the costs associated with war production and to avoid over-expansion in the iron and steel industry. Examining the production records of the Dominion Steel and Coal Company (Dosco), a primary iron and steel firm, and the Trenton Steel Works, a secondary manufacturing firm, shows how the government allocated production in a least cost manner among Canadian producers, consistent with the first of these two aims. Through its Crown Corporations, the Department also strove to minimize the costs associated with establishing war plant. Concerning the second aim, the government avoided rehabilitating Dosco's steel plate mill until sufficient domestic demand warranted it. With its capacity extraneous to the Canadian industry, the government closed the mill after the war. In contrast to the importance previous research placed on political factors in explaining the government's conduct of the war effort, this thesis argues that considerations production costs and input prices were a vital part of the government's decision making process.
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Sjolander, Claire Dorothy Turenne Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "Foreign investment policy-making: the Canadian state in the global economy". Ottawa, 1989.
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McLean, Lorna Ruth. "Home, yard and neighbourhood: Women's work and the urban working-class family economy, Ottawa, 1871". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5891.
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This thesis examines the work of married women in working-class families in Ottawa in 1871. It demonstrates that home production by women for consumption, sale and/or exchange, together with arrangements of household structures, made a primary and fundamental contribution to the survival of the family unit. Women laboured and their labour was vital. Using the 1871 manuscript census, the study analysed the myriad of ways that married women utilized their available resources to reduce expenditures and to increase the wage-based family income. It was the work of women that provided some protection against the insecurity of inadequate wages, seasonal employment, illness or death.
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Lane, Jonah Anne Marie. "The society and economy of a fishing community: Liverpool, Nova Scotia in the late 18th century". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6091.
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The staples theory has dominated the history of the fisheries in Atlantic Canada for the last century. Historians have discussed the economic and social history of the region largely in terms of the impact of international trade and war. These two factors are important; however, they alone do not explain the development of the region. The people who lived there came from diverse backgrounds, chose to settle there for different reasons, and approached the exploitation of the resources of the region based on their own experiences and aspirations. This thesis builds on studies of maritime communities from New England to Newfoundland to explain how people in a fishing-based community in Nova Scotia in the late 18th century lived and worked. It examines the economic strategies found in this Nova Scotian fishing community in comparison with other studies of economic pluralism in rural communities from New England, Quebec, and New Brunswick. Liverpool, Nova Scotia was settled by New England Planters in 1759, after the expulsion of the Acadians. The circumstances of the new settlers were affected by the political climate and the changing conditions of international trade. Thirty years after their arrival, the New England Planters had shaped their economy and society based their environment and on their own traditions and expectations. This study examines the work lives of fishermen and seafarers, the work of women, and the economic role of the family in order to understand the full world of work that shaped this community. It examines the activities of local merchants as well as the role of community institutions to understand how this society functioned. Much as other historians have concluded about rural agricultural communities, this study concludes that this fishing based community had, and depended on, a plurality of economic activities, both commercial and non-commercial in nature, and that this plurality was a source of strength.
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Avery, Jonathan. "The political economy of communication looks at the Neoliberal market-oriented Canadian television". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28191.
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This thesis applies the political economy of communication, Giddens' (1984) theory of agency, and Lukes' (1974) conception of power to the Canadian Broadcasting infrastructure in order to understand how Neoliberal market policies impacts the production and distribution of Canadian television content. This research involves two types of analyses, structural and institutional, to study the Canadian Broadcasting Act, Canadian Content Regulations, Canadian Television Policy and the ownership structure of CanWest Global Communications Corporation, an example of a Canadian media conglomerate. The thesis concludes that the Neoliberal approach is adopted to attract Canadian audiences to Canadian content in a growing competitive and changing global media environment. It limits content diversity by creating a concentrated media infrastructure that favours the production of Canadian entertainment over news and information. This creates a heavily entertained culture but one that is less informed and viewed strictly within the confines of Neoliberal market Hegemony.
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Hammond, Lorne F. "Capital, labour and lumber in A. R. M. Lower's woodyard: James MacLaren and the changing forest economy, 1850-1906". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6755.
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In reaction to A.R.M. Lower's forest studies, which emphasize the role of markets and tariffs, it is argued that both capital and labour demonstrate extensive agency during the transition between Canada's exports of lumber to Britain and the United States. A series of micro-studies explore the socio-economic transition from colonial to corporate forestry, within a regional framework integrating rural and urban experiences. The succession between economies is examined, from fur to lumber, land speculation, to merchant capital and pioneer sawmilling, to the Ottawa Valley capitalist. The example, James MacLaren, used kinship capital pools and strategic business alliances to rise to the position of independent capitalist lumberman and Bank president. The labour institutions upon which his business was based, the shanty and the timber cove, were anchored to a web of household economies, both urban and rural. Families drew on monthly shanty wages. The shanty was common ground for small kin-groups of local farm workers, urban sawmiil workers, migrant workers, and a core of professional lumberers, resident in Ottawa. Staggered waves of arrival and departure show flexibility in when one decided to leave the farm for the shanty, implying it was a complementary institution. MacLaren's cove in Quebec City also accommodated rural workers amid numerous small non-union strikes. Across the harbour, timber ship labourers, divided over ethnicity and technology, coalesced violently into one of the country's strongest unions. As industrial lumber barges replaced rafts, sawmills replaced coves as export points. MacLaren used both to sell to British and U.S. markets simultaneously, expanding his investments into Vermont and New York. His capital was redeployed in resource developments, such as mining and railways, or local real estate, in a regional pattern that cut across the "Empire of the St. Lawrence". His connections were with American investors or competitors--Cleveland steel elites or the House of Morgan. The Bank of Ottawa, built upon his gathering of local groupings of capital, eventually found regional identity a hinderance in raising capital. Unable to make inroads into other markets, it merged with the Bank of Nova Scotia. In 1904 a successful appeal was made to the State to close timber limits against settlement. This was to make forests more acceptable as collateral to make the transition to pulp and paper. Couched in the discourse of fire, the closing of the forest common marks the true end of the frontier. For Quebec, this is the final abandonment of agrarian colonisation for a development model based on state supported large scale corporate forestry, mining and hydro-electric development.
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Rousseau-Morel, Jean-Philippe. "The impact of oil price variations : a DSGE Model for the Canadian Economy". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28908/28908.pdf.
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Aramaki, Michiko. "Family, paesani and networks : politics and economy of Montreal Italians". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28413.
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Focusing on Montreal Italian social networks, this thesis examines the ideological nature of ethnicity, and its functioning in political processes in urban Quebec. The ideological dynamics of ethnicity are revealed in the process of the creation and re-creation of belief in "Italian family", as a distinctive 'Italian' culture. This first separates Italians into different families and regional groups of paesani, but then brilliantly unites Italians into one group according to necessity. In political processes, various Italian associations and presidents are connected to formal politics through the mediation of Italian political brokers. The extensive construction of suburban residences created Italian economic elites and affected other sectors of the economy. Significantly, Italians attempt to keep business within Italian networks. This 'nationalistic' aspect of networks aims to maximize interests within the group. Such dynamic Italian politico-economic networks extend to the further level of formal politics in which federalist Liberals and separatist Parti Quebecois are principal rivals.
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Doherty, Jason Philip. "A Marxist political economy approach to the Atlantic Canadian consumer co-operative grocery stores". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51993.pdf.
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Ducharme, Louis Marc. "Inter-industrial technology diffusion : a macro analysis of technical change in the Canadian economy". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363049.
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It is now well recognised that the improvement of the economic performance and the restructuring of industries depends not only on the generation (or production) of new technology but also on the rate and level of diffusion of technology throughout the economy. This thesis presents an inter-industrial analysis of the effect of diffusion of technological change on the Canadian economy. To do so, it describes the diffusion of information using Canadian patent statistics potential sector of manufacturing and use. It then uses the patent matrices as 'support' matrices to transform R&D data by industry of origin into R&D data by industry of use to calculate the direct and indirect R&D inducement based on a static input-output model. Finally it is used to estimate the impact of own R&D and R&D spillover on total factor productivity growth, differentiating the R&D spillover according to various 'support' matrices and different 'gestation times'. II The empirical results confirm: i) the existence of an important interindustrial flow of innovation, ii) the existence of a 'common core' of industry at the source of technological change, as well as the importance of using industries as 'core innovative' industries, and iii) the emergence of service industries as a strong user of capital goods. It also concludes that i) the scale and structure of the external trade has an impact on the R&D inducement of all industries, ii) innovative activity has a positive and significant effect on productivity growth and iii) the rates of return in R&D spillover are found only after 8 years of 'gestation time'.
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Loblaw, Timothy J. "A political economy of TVET professionalisation : a case study of chefs at a Canadian polytechnic". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55341/.
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This thesis focuses on a political economy analysis of the relationship between the professional identity and professional development practices of instructors in the postsecondary educational sector of technical and vocational education and training (TVET). My study brings together the concept of the dual-professional identity of postsecondary TVET instructors, the practice of professional development in TVET, and a political economy approach. The research methods adapted for this postgraduate research study were from a qualitative perspective using a case study approach. The case study involved eight culinary instructors, the supervisor of the professional cooking programme, and the director of the hospitality and culinary careers school at a postsecondary polytechnic in Canada, selected using a non-probability sampling technique. My research explored what a political economy analysis would reveal about the relationship between the professional identity and the professional development practices of the culinary instructors/chefs. Throughout this thesis, I use the term, TVET professionalisation, to denote this relationship This case study contributes to knowledge and the TVET community in three intersecting ways. Its first contribution is in context - the research took place in the Canadian postsecondary TVET sector, for purposes of analysing the professional identity/professional development relationship in consideration of the historical, structural, and socio-cultural contexts of the institution. The case study's second contribution is in extending the literature of the political economy of skills. The findings demonstrate that analysing the professionalisation of the TVET culinary instructors, in consideration of the inter-relationship among the cultural, economic, political, and social contexts of the TVET system, is a suitable extension of the literature on the political economy of skills. From another perspective, the study also adds to the literature on the professionalisation of TVET instructors by considering professionalisation as an extension of the TVET workforce development imperative, which I note in this study as the discourse promoting employability and the axiomatic assumptions of TVET as 'training-for-growth' and 'skills-for work' (Anderson 2008). Thus, the study contributes to wider debates about the applicability of a political economy analysis beyond skill formation systems. Lastly, the case study contributes a conceptual framework for TVET professionalisation by interpreting the relationship between TVET professional identity and professional development through a political economy lens. The findings demonstrate that both the professional identity and the professional development practices of the culinary instructors in the case study were shaped by various contextual factors within the field of practice: namely, the instructor's personal history and sense of agency, the socio-cultural conventions of the culinary trade under investigation, the social and structural setting of the postsecondary TVET institution, and the workforce development imperative of TVET. The conceptual framework for TVET professionalisation also contributes another perspective toward the dual-professional identity of TVET instructors. Dual-professional identity formation within this study, and drawing upon the language of the research participants, refers to the process where the 'recipe' for the chefs' base identity was written in the professional trade of culinary arts. Once they joined the polytechnic, though, the chefs used the institution as 'stage' to 'go beyond the recipe' and elevate their identities by adding the ingredient of 'becoming an educator'. Based on an interpretation of the case study's findings, through a political economy lens of analysis, I suggest that the 'skilled-educator' identity of the culinary instructors is bound by the structural and socio-economic contexts of the postsecondary polytechnic, whereas the 'skilled-tradesperson' identity of the culinary instructors reflects the historical and socio-cultural contexts of the instructors' lived experience as chefs. Further, I posit that each instructor's perception of meaningful professional development reflects the individual's personal sense of agency; what constitutes both a personal and shared sense of legitimacy concerning the value of professional development; and, an allegiance to one of the dual-professional identities over the other.
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Kleuskens, Shanisse. "Legitimating the “Fiasco”: Canadian State Justifications of CORCAN Prison Labour". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32960.
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Since Kingston Penitentiary’s opening in 1835, prison labour has been an integral part of Canada’s penal history. With purported goals such as deterrence, rehabilitation, reintegration, and providing sustenance to the state, the practice of coercing or forcing a prisoner to work while serving a sentence of incarceration was further embedded in the penal landscape in 1980 with the inception of CORCAN, the Correctional Service of Canada’s prison labour program. Despite critiques of the prison as “a fiasco in terms of its own purposes” (Mathiesen, 2006, p. 141), prison labour continues as a mechanism of the state’s penal apparatus. Drawing on political economy of punishment and penal abolitionism literature, this study reveals and disrupts official discourses used to justify and perpetuate this modern form of slavery in Canada. Through a content analysis of 33 Solicitor General of Canada and CORCAN annual reports, I demonstrate how CORCAN’s prison labour program is legitimated as a “positive reform” (Mathiesen, 1974, p. 202) of Canada’s penal system, beneficial to the reintegration of prisoners into society, communities, and the needs of the Canadian state and economy. Underneath this benevolent mask such representations are found to reproduce neoliberal capitalism as the hegemonic form of economic organization, construing prisoners and prison labour as solutions to the gaps and shifts in the national economy and labour market. After outlining these contributions, I suggest ways that future research can reveal and discredit penal ‘solutions’ such as prison labour to eradicate the penal system as a means to address the harms inherent in our social and economic systems.
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Harris, Stephen L. (Stephen Lloyd) Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "The Political economy of the liberalization of entry and ownership in the Canadian investment dealer industry". Ottawa, 1995.
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Unger, René Andreas Albert. "Rethinking the North American political economy of trade, interest groups and the state in the construction of Canadian-American foreign economic policy". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0001/NQ38333.pdf.
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Rivers, Marion R. (Marion Rose) Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "The relationship between Canada's foreign aid contributions and the state of the Canadian economy: a quantitative analysis". Ottawa, 1991.
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23
Smardon, Bruce. "Fifty-five years of failure the political economy of Canadian industrial research and development policy in historical perspective /". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ66364.pdf.
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Shingadia, Ashwin. "Modern Canadian Universities, Mission Drift and Quality of Education". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22696.
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This study contributes to theory and public policy in Canada and globally. It uses mixed methodology and triangulation of evidence through policy documents(Bovey,Rae,Drummond),empirical studies and surveys(ranking,NSSE data,regression), CAUT/AUCC and Statistics Canada sources and qualitative sources - writings of university presidents (Bok,Kerr,Fallis),researchers (Rajagopal, Clark et al.)as well,talks with sessionals,teaching assistants and administrators. The framework consists of Altbach's four factors - democratization, the knowledge economy, globalisation and competition and three ideal types for university development - entrepreneurial, liberal education and deliberative. The thesis contrasts classical college with the modern university system. The results show strong evidence for research domination, mission drift and shift towards the entrepreneurial model. Quality is compromised by lowering requirements, compressed courses, less study time, large classes taught by sessionals and TAs, grade inflation and consumerist behaviour, while critical thinking and moral development are neglected.
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Galvan, Brigido. "Partially-automated live performance by Latin American musicians in two Canadian cities: Musical identity and authenticity in a globalized cultural economy". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9563.
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This ethnographic study examines the roles digital technologies (sequencers, drum machines, synthesizers, samplers, and computers) play in the musical practices of nine Latin American musicians participating in the local live music scenes of Ottawa and Montreal in the 1990s. Music has historically played a fundamental role in the construction of collective identities for Latin American musicians in the diaspora. A declining local musical economy combined with prevalent aesthetic value systems have made the use of automation in live performance an attractive and/or necessary alternative for some local Latin American musicians. The use of digital technologies, and in particular the use of automation, has particular implications for established notions of musical competence, creativity and ultimately of musical and cultural authenticity. This study looks at the notion of musical authenticity and its indelible connection with cultural, political, social and economic issues. It investigates the effects technology has on the ability of Latin American musicians to assert individual and collective identities in two of Canada's highly multicultural urban environments. As a site of social, economic and cultural struggle, exchange and interaction, the live performances of Latin American musicians are historically situated within the global/local cultural economic nexus of Canada's late twentieth-century.
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Ghasemi, Sima. "An Analysis of the Effects of Exchange Fluctuations on Employment, Output and Productivity in Canada". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23643.
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Since the adoption of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Canadian dollar has come to be regarded as a petro-currency. Consequently, rising prices of oil and gas (as well as other natural resources) would increase capital inflows that would lead to a higher exchange rate and contribute to the decimation of the export-oriented Canadian manufacturing sector by making Canadian products less competitive internationally. Some have argued that the Canadian economy has started to show symptoms related to the Dutch Disease. One important symptom is the slow rate of productivity growth, which consequently leads to the theory that Canada’s productivity performance depends significantly on the foreign exchange value of the domestic currency. This dissertation attempts to address these issues and seeks to solve the question of whether the Canadian economy is suffering from the Dutch Disease, as well as whether or not movements of the Canadian dollar are responsible for the low Canadian productivity growth since the 1990s.
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Dean, Jason. "The economic integration of Canadian immigrants". Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96919.
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This dissertation contributes to a strand of literature on the economic integration of immigrants in Canada's labour market. My first essay examines the economic return to human capital acquired abroad using an improved identification strategy of foreign education and work experience. My second essay examines whether education-job mismatches, on the part of immigrants, possibly explain their poor labour market outcomes. My final essay provides new evidence on the economic assimilation of U.K. immigrants in Canada over the late 19th and early-20th-century.In my first essay I exploit the enhanced details on education attainment provided in the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) to decompose aggregate human capital variables into more precise measures of foreign and Canadian locations than those employed in related Census-based studies. I find that measurement error associated with using imprecise measures exaggerates the portability (in terms of economic returns) of foreign schooling and the degree of immigrant wage assimilation. However, the virtually zero returns to foreign work experience, commonly found in the literature, cannot be attributed to measurement error. Thus, this dimension of human capital receives virtually no recognition for immigrants and it is mainly responsible for the substantial estimated wage gaps in the standard human-capital-adjusted earnings function.The contribution of my second essay is an investigation of the importance of education-job mismatches in explaining the poor labour market outcomes observed for immigrants to Canada. Immigrants have a modestly lower incidence of working in jobs related to their education than do the Canadian-born, and there is a sizable wage penalty for working in unrelated jobs. The lower incidence of matching, found among immigrant workers, can explain a sizable portion of their lower returns to foreign education credentials, and also the immigrant-native wage gap among university educated workers. By contrast, foreign education and work experience acquired abroad is not discounted in the Canadian labour market for immigrants who are successfully matched.My final essay examines the economic assimilation of pre-war U.K. immigrants using recently digitized samples of the 1901 and 1911 censuses. These nationally representative samples allow for a more comprehensive examination of immigrant assimilation than existing published evidence which is limited to cross-sectional samples of Montréal and Toronto. Estimates of within-cohort earnings growth show that these newcomers, despite their cultural similarities with the Canadian-born, experienced sizable earnings disadvantages upon arrival coupled with slow subsequent earnings growth. However, most immigrant cohorts achieved earnings parity with comparable Canadian-born workers over their working life unlike that found for Montréal and Toronto. Thus, although the government's desire was to attract the most industrious and hard working immigrants, arrivals from the British Isles may have been negatively selected in terms of unobservable labour market characteristics.Cette thèse contribue à la littérature qui examine l'intégration des immigrants au marché de travail Canadien. Le premier essai étudie le retour au capital humain acquis à l'étranger sur le marché de travail Canadien utilisant des stratégies améliorées d'indentification de ce dernier. Mon deuxième essai examine des conséquences économiques de l'absence de la correspondance parfaite des professions que les immigrants au Canada peuvent obtenir avec leurs disciplines d'études. Mon troisième essai produit des faits stylisés nouveaux au sujet de l'intégration des immigrants de provenance du Royaume-Uni au Canada durant la fin du 19ème au début du 20ème siècle.Dans mon premier essai j'exploite des détails améliorés de l'Enquête sur la dynamique du travail et du revenu à fin de décomposer le capital humain a des portions acquises à l'étranger et des portions acquises au Canada. Je trouve que l'erreur de mesure associée à l'emploi des indicateurs imprécis avait causé la sous-estimation de l'écart entre le retour sur le capital humain acquis à l'étranger et celui acquis au Canada dans les études précédentes. Je trouve, en revanche, que le capital humain acquis à l'étranger reçoit un retour nul au Canada et cela explique la quasi-totalité de l'écart de revenu entre les immigrants et les natifs.Mon deuxième essai examine l'importance de la correspondance imparfaite entre les disciplines d'études et la profession des immigrants au Canada pour expliquer leurs performances économiques inferieures. Je trouve que cette correspondance imparfaite est un peu plus fréquente chez les immigrants et qu'elle a cependant des conséquences négatives non-négligeables sur le salaire. Cette probabilité plus faible que des immigrants puissent travailler dans un domaine proche de leurs disciplines d'étude explique une portion considérable de l'écart de salaire entre les immigrants et les natifs comparables ainsi que leurs retours du capital humain plus bas. Mon troisième essai porte un regard nouveau sur la question d'intégration des immigrants de provenance du Royaume-Uni durant la fin du 19ème siècle au début du 20ème siècle en utilisant des données récemment numérisées des recensements de l'époque. L'échantillon que j'utilise dans cette recherche représente la distribution nationale de ces immigrants contrairement aux échantillons auparavant utilisés qui portaient seulement sur les immigrants résidant au Québec et en Ontario. Mes estimations montrent que ces immigrants, malgré leur similarité culturelle avec les natifs, ont subi un écart du salaire considérable ainsi qu'un taux de croissance du salaire plus bas en comparaison avec les natifs. Cependant, je trouve que la plupart de ces immigrants ont ultimement arrivé à un salaire équivalent aux natifs comparables durant leurs vies professionnelles. Je trouve aussi que le gouvernement, malgré son intention, a échoué d'attirer les immigrants industrieux et entreprenants en raison des facteurs inobservables conduisant à une sélection peu efficiente de ces immigrants.
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Rogers, Lesley A. "The role of the informal economy in community based economic development : the local exchange trading system example". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42008.
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The purpose of this thesis is to look at a non-conventional approach to increasing
well-being at the community level. This new approach to development is called
community-based economic development (CBED). Interest in CBED has been
stimulated both by crises at the local level and by global problems. In Canada the
impetus for CBED is attributable to three factors: the dependency of small
communities on external factors and the alienation it promotes; a globalizing
international economy; and the failure of past Canadian regional development
planning policies.
Community-based economic development is a new approach that seeks to increase
community self-reliance. Many different CBED initiatives are currently operating in
various regions, communities, and neighbourhoods across Canada. These CBED
initiatives have centred on stimulating local employment and income levels almost
exclusively within the formal "monetized" economy. This thesis examines a CBED
initiative that operates within the "non-monetized" informal sector called the Local
Exchange Trading System (LETS). LETS is a barter network that uses a local
currency, "green dollars", to facilitate trading between members.
To ascertain if the LETSystem can improve well-being at the local level, this thesis
has examined three Canadian LETSYstems: Victoria, Cowichan Valley, and Ottawa.
Three central goals of CBED were distilled: increased local control; implementation
of an integrated approach to development; and sustainable development. The three
LETSystems were then evaluated using the above goals.
There are two main findings of this thesis. The first finding is that CBED can be,
and presently is being, promoted in the informal sector. The second finding is that
the LETSystems three examined, pursued goals similar to those of other CBED
initiatives and sought to improve community well-being. The continued promotion of
CBED by LETS is subject to two constraints: the novelty of the idea; and the lack
of variety of goods and services traded. Nevertheless, there exists additional
opportunities for the increased promotion of CBED through LETS, increased
community development, and an expanded range of employment opportunities.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Kambites, Mukebezi Sarah. "Non-governmental organizations as partnering agencies : a case study of the relationship between Canadian NGOs with CIDA and Kenyan local groups". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28928.
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This study explores the notion of partnership as an approach to long-term sustainable development in Africa, by examining relationships Canadian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) forge with their donors and with counterpart NGOs in developing countries. A case study methodology was used to examine how Canadian NGOs in general, and CARE Canada in particular, work in partnership with the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), and Kenyan local NGOs. The findings indicate that the development themes and agendas of the past three development decades are reflected in the activities and programs of Canadian NGOs. However, very little was learned about the contribution of partnership to African development. CARE Canada's partnership relations seem to be guided by the development priorities of funding agencies such as CIDA, which dictate how CARE relates to its Kenyan partners. Partnership seems only to facilitate an environment for dialogue between organizations, concerning needs, constraints and fiscal accountability. The study proposes that further research on the concept of development partnerships needs to be carried out in-depth to determine how this model can be used in building capacities of African organizations.
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Brown, Robert L. "Economic security for an aging Canadian population". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24297.pdf.
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Meyers, Heather M. "An evaluation of renewable resource development experience in the Northwest Territories, Canada". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336772.
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Stockdale, Peter. "Pearsonian internationalism in practice : the International Development Research Centre". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39878.
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The thesis concerns the origins, creation and progress of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Most scholars believe that development assistance is largely motivated by self-interest. At first glance, the Centre appears to be an anomaly in Canadian foreign aid. The IDRC's disbursements are not formally tied, has an international board of governors, and its structure was specifically designed with autonomy in mind. This Canadian federal organisation has spent one and a half billion dollars are funded over 5,500 projects since its founding in 1970. During this time, the Centre has disbursed between 70-95% of its programme funds overseas, mostly to developing country university researchers. These researchers have designed and executed research intended to help developing countries alleviate poverty, social decay and more recently, environmental challenges.A detailed archeology is conducted of Pearson's own internationalism regarding science and technology, foreign policy, development assistance, environment and culture. Our analysis shows how Pearson's thinking, and that of colleagues who were to have key influences on the Centre, Barbara Ward and Maurice Strong, were embedded in deeply held beliefs and values. We identify a tension between an internationalist impulses and Canadian-centered or parochial pre-occupations common in most of the federal public service, especially central agencies. Central agents, responding to pressures from academics, and the internal values and beliefs that tend to form in these secretaria, have sought to make the IDRC conform to their own expectations. The author concludes that the Centre has survived and prospered, despite these pressures, partly because of the skill of its top officers, but principally because of the IDRC's capacity to lay claim to being an expression of internationalism.
We also show how another dialectic, between more socially-oriented perspectives and more technical ones affected the development of the IDRC. The thesis suggests that the two dialectics, the internationalist and parochial, and the technical and social, are both synthesising into, respectively, interdependence and holism.
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Shaw, Jacqueline T. (Jacqueline Tanya) Carleton University Dissertation History. ""Grudging gifts": Canada, the Colombo plan and the formation of an aid policy". Ottawa, 1992.
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Turcotte, André. "Dialogue de sourds, economic voting in Canadian federal elections". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0006/NQ41523.pdf.
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Bell, Paul Kevin Thomas. "The estimation of economic depreciation for Canadian farm machinery". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24475.
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The objective of this thesis was to estimate the rate at which four types of farm machinery lose value in Canada. Specifically, Canadian data on used machinery prices was utilized to produce estimates of economic depreciation for two-wheel-drive tractors, combines, square balers and large round balers.
The data used in this thesis to make these estimates are special for two reasons. First of all, they represent the only extensive record of Canadian used farm equipment prices available. Most previous studies have based their estimates on American data, assuming that they apply equally well to the Canadian situation.
Secondly, these data record actual transactions in the used market and these transactions have been reported in an unaveraged format. This is valuable because information on options, horsepower, condition, and, most importantly, hours of use was retained for each machine. The availability of this information permitted richer and more specific estimates of depreciation. In particular, the inclusion of hours of use in the models enabled a distinction to be made in this thesis between the component of depreciation which is directly attributable to age and that component which is directly attributable to accumulated hours of use. It is felt that this distinction provides a beginning point for the study of depreciation due to simple "wear and tear", and that depreciation which is due to obsolescence and technological change.
As well, this thesis extensively reviewed the literature on depreciation in an effort to determine the best approach to follow. The method finally adopted was the "remaining value approach"; however, the thesis went further than the typical remaining value approach because an attempt was made to estimate the pattern as well as the rate of depreciation. This was done by initially adopting a functional form which was flexible enough to let the data "choose for themselves" between the commonly used depreciation rules of thumb (declining balance, straight-line and one-hoss-shay patterns). This was possible by using the Box-Tidwell procedure. This Box-Tidwell procedure when applied to the extensive tractor data indicated that tractors in Canada follow a declining balance (geometric) pattern of depreciation. This was taken as support for the adoption of semi-log models to estimate depreciation. The main findings of this thesis are, first, that depreciation rates vary among assets (from approximately 9% for tractors to nearly 16% for large round balers), and, secondly, that these rates are less than those allowed by the government for tax purposes. It was concluded that this generosity on the part of the government would be acceptable if it applied equally to all depreciable assets, but the divergence in depreciation rates found in this thesis indicate that generous blanket depreciation charges give more advantage to some than to others.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Beynon, Robert Arthur. "Decline and growth : Canadian-Japanese economic relations, 1978-1988". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29185.
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This thesis examines the development of Japanese economic interest in Canada between 1978 and 1988, with a special emphasis on multinational decision making. The paper takes an eclectic approach to the issue because the trends within different industrial sectors varied widely, from strong growth in forestry investment and trade to slow expansions of technological ties. As a result of the increasing importance of the United States and the European Economic Community in the eyes of Japanese managers, coupled with the decline of the energy crisis in mid decade, resource suppliers like Canada declined in relative importance to Japan during this period, although Japanese investment and trade here expanded steadily in real terms.Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate
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Van, Rooy Alison Lorette. "The altruistic lobbyists : the influence of non-governmental organizations on development policy in Canada and Britain". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7327692d-f554-4f67-86e4-ab51e22053fc.
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The role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) has sparked increased interest in recent years as they have grown in prominence and international activity. The thesis looks at British and Canadian NGOs concerned with overseas development assistance, and asks what influence they have wielded in the formulation of their own governments' development policies. Based on recent policy community writing, a "conceptual map" is devised which suggests that six elements are important for any analysis of influence: context, content, motivations, resources, tactics, and channels. Chapters two to five use these elements to look at the broad "policy communities" in which official development policy is formulated, and to examine the increasing roles and activities of NGOs as lobbyists. Chapters six and seven take a closer look at two specific "policy networks" within those communities: the relationships created around the World Food Conference in 1974 are compared with those existing at the time of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (the Earth Summit). The thesis concludes that NGOs have had an increasing but limited influence on government policy, given (1) an increase in the activity and influence of NGOs, (2) the greater relevance of certain "elements of influence" over others, and (3) the comparatively stronger influence of Canadian NGOs in relation to their British counterparts. The thesis' contribution to knowledge is based on its use of extensive and original primary sources and interviews in both countries, its application of a policy community approach to a new field in international relations, and its systematic attempt to answer evolving questions about this growing, international, and non-governmental force.
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Hoffman, Anthony Michael. "Intellectual capital governance and the knowledge economy in Canada". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80927.
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Intellectual capital, as opposed to traditional conceptions of intellectual property, is neither as simple to define nor as straightforward to protect and regulate. As companies in the financial services sector attempt the efficient management of increasingly voluminous and strategically important information and knowledge, governance mechanisms currently available in the Canadian context have not kept pace.This thesis is at once a retrospective and prospective examination of the regulation and control of intellectual capital. The first two substantive sections of this thesis are primarily definitive and contextualizing---first defining the nature of contemporary legal and managerial concepts of intellectual capital and property, then examining the varied legal frameworks from which an intellectual capital governance scheme is distilled. The final chapter attempts a synthesis of these definitions and legal approaches to the governance of intellectual capital. The keystones of this synthesis are twofold: first, uniform Canadian legislation; and second, a more focused incorporation of 'property rights' in intellectual capital.
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Keenes, Ernie (Ernest Morley) Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "Embedded liberalism and Canada: state reorganization in the international political economy". Ottawa, 1991.
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Stennes, Bradley Kenneth. "Bovine somatotropin and the Canadian dairy industry : an economic analysis". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42012.
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Bovine Somatotropin (BST) is a naturally occurring hormone in
dairy cows which affects milk production levels (Chalupa and
Galligan, 1988). The effects of BST have been known since the
1930's but limited supply of this hormone made any large scale
commercial use impossible. Recently a low cost source of BST
became available through recombinant DNA technology. This low cost
availability of the hormone has led to research experiments which
show that recombinant BST can significantly increase a cow's
ability to produce milk (Peel and Bauman, 1987; Burton et al, 1987;
Soderholm et al, 1988; De Boer et al, 1988).
A number of studies have examined the firm level impacts of
BST on the Canadian dairy industry. This present work will build
upon these earlier studies by examining the impacts of BST at the
both the firm and aggregate levels for all of the dairy producing
regions in Canada.
To facilitate this analysis at an aggregate level a linear
programming model of the Canadian dairy industry was used. This
model describes the dairy sector for each province, including the
production, processing, trade and marketing subsectors, and is
incorporated into the Canadian Regional Agricultural Model (CRAM),
(Webber et al, 1986).
Several scenarios were examined representing different
government policy responses with the introduction of BST to the
Canadian dairy industry. These scenarios are compared to a 1986
"base case" situation of the dairy industry.
The first scenario examined represents a "no policy change"
situation. Provincial quota levels, producer prices, levies and
subsidies all remain unchanged and BST adoption rates are assumed
for each province. In order to maintain existing milk production
levels with BST a 5% reduction in the national cow herd results.
This lower number of animals producing the same amount of milk as
in the base case results in a 5% increase in dairy producer income
at the national level.
In the second scenario the impact of BST on quota values is
examined. As in the first scenario all dairy policy instruments
remain at 1986 base levels. The decrease in marginal costs for a
producer fully adopting BST is then estimated. Using a marginal
cost estimate of $32 per hi, the fall in marginal cost was nearly
6% or $2.00 per hi on average for Canada. This results in an 18%
increase in what these producers can pay for quota. Using lower
marginal cost estimates would result in a greatre increase in this
variable and smaller quota increases.
In scenario 3 some of the benefits of BST adoption are passed
on to consumers. This is done by allowing production levels to
expand such that the difference between farm-gate price and supply
price remains the same as prior to the introduction of BST. Quota
values remain at their base case level. This resulted in a 2%
increase in the national supply of raw milk. In the fluid milk
market the supply of standard milk increased by 2% and lowfat milk
production increased by approximately 3 percent. In the industrial
market cheese production increased by 6%, butter production
increased by 2% and skim milk powder production fell by
approximately 4 percent.
In the final scenario the benefits of BST adoption are passed
on to the taxpayers. This is accomplished by reducing the dairy
subsidy by an amount which just offsets the cost savings in each
province as a result of BST adoption. This leads to a decrease in
the dairy subsidy of $80 million at the national level or
approximately 30% of the 1986 subsidy payment.
At the firm level, given the assumptions of this study, the
main impacts of BST are a fall in marginal costs of $2 per hi and
an increase in quota values of 18%. While these estimates of firm
level changes resulting from BST adoption are not trivial they are
much less than would be expected with earlier results of milk yield
increases of over 25 to 3 5% accompanied by dry matter feed
increases of only 10 to 15 percent (Bauman et al, 1985; Soderholm
et al, 1988) .
Given the assumed Canadian adoption rates of approximately
50% the aggregate level impacts of BST are more moderate. The
national herd size falls by 5% and dairy producer incomes are
increased by 5% to produce at the base case 198 6 production levels.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Kwicinski, Larry. "The transition to a chlorine-free economy". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30580.pdf.
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Howe, Valerie J. (Valerie Josephine) Carleton University Dissertation Canadian Studies. "Canada at the Uruguay Round: regulating the information economy". Ottawa, 1991.
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43
Sagebien, Julia. "Competitive strategy and economic development : a regional case study - Atlantic Canada". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1330/.
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This thesis examines how, in the global context of the 1990s, economic planning for an economically disadvantaged peripheral region within a small open national economy has become an exercise in the maxim 'Think Globally and Act Locally". It examines the content, context and process of economic policy making in Atlantic Canada in the 1990s. It critically analyzes the dissonance between generic visions of a competitive Atlantic Canada and the particular regional realities that must be taken into consideration if the plans are to be successful. The thesis also suggests a normative course of action in policy planning and implementation that can reduce this dissonance. The thesis is organized around four fundamental questions: 1) How is a competitive economy created in the global context of the 1990s and what roles should the state and the market assume. 2) What prescriptions for competitiveness are being presented in Atlantic Canadian economic policy documents. 3) What impediments and advantages does the Atlantic Canadian political-economy present to the realisation of this vision of a competitive economy. and 4) How can the economic policy planning and implementation processes be improved in order to better the chances of success for these kinds of policies. The critical analysis of the literature addresses the first three questions by surveying the areas of industrial policy, management theory, and Atlantic Canadian economic history and economic development planning. The fourth question is addressed through an empirical case study evaluation of Nova Scotia Voluntary Planning, a non-government sector organization composed of industry and labour leaders, and of its economic strategy document entitled "Creating Our Own Future". Theoretical and methodological guidelines for the evaluation models were drawn from the literature on policy research, cooperative inquiry, critical planning and critical evaluation theory, the role of mediating structures in public policy delivery and planning as social learning.
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Faraday-Smith, Nancy V. "An economic analysis of large bank mergers, Canadian cases in 1998". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0016/MQ49349.pdf.
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Zhao, Oliver Yue. "Economic implications of interregional trade liberalization in the Canadian dairy industry". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0013/NQ59704.pdf.
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Azarafshar, Elham. "The Canadian pulp and paper industry: An economic and environmental analysis". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29192.
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This thesis looks at the Canadian Pulp and Paper Industry at both the empirical level and the theoretical level. In the first half of the thesis, the empirical aspects of the industry are studied within the framework of the trade-off between environmental protection and efficiency of the plants. In the second half, several theoretical issues related to the market structure of the pulp and paper industry are analyzed. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the Canadian Pulp and Paper Industry and the various production processes. In Chapter 2, an empirical analysis is undertaken to study the relation between technical efficiency and pollution. This analysis has far-reaching policy implications as it allows us to study empirically the effect of pollution control regulations on the performance of the firms. Chapter 3 contains a study on the international trade in market pulp, with specific focus on the trade among Canada, US, and Europe. A multi-market spatial oligopoly model is formulated, calibrated, then simulated to gain insights into the workings of these interdependent markets.
In Chapter 4, an oligopoly model for the tissue and towel market in North America is formalized then calibrated. The objective of this chapter is to obtain an adequate picture of the consumer market, in which prices, qualities, and advertising are used to entice consumers. The model contains four firms, which produce a total number of ten brands among them. The simulation of the model yields detailed results on the intricate workings of the industry and results that cannot be expected from simple text-book oligopoly models.
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McKillip, James D. "Norway House: Economic Opportunity and the Rise of Community, 1825-1844". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20520.
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This dissertation argues that the Hudson’s Bay Company depot that was built at Norway House beginning in 1825 created economic opportunities that were sufficiently strong to draw Aboriginal people to the site in such numbers that, within a decade of its establishment, the post was the locus of a thriving community. This was in spite of the lack of any significant trade in furs, in spite of the absence of an existing Aboriginal community on which to expand and in spite of the very small number of Hudson’s Bay Company personnel assigned to the post on a permanent basis. Although economic factors were not the only reason for the development of Norway House as a community, these factors were almost certainly primus inter pares of the various influences in that development.
This study also offers a new framework for the conception and construction of community based on documenting day-to-day activities that were themselves behavioural reflections of intentionality and choice. Interpretation of these behaviours is possible by combining a variety of approaches and methodologies, some qualitative and some quantitative. By closely counting and analyzing data in archival records that were collected by fur trade agents in the course of their normal duties, it is possible to measure the importance of various activities such as construction, fishing and hunting. With a clear understanding of what people were actually doing, it is possible to interpret their intentions in the absence of explicit documentary evidence.
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Aregger, Ruth. "The impact of competition law on copyright law in new economy markets in Canada /". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78198.
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The interface between copyright law and competition law has always been a topic of debate in legal and economic circles. Since the last decade however, new economy markets pose new challenges to this interface. Network effects, interconnectivity, rapid innovation, and excludability are characteristics of new economy markets. Particularly network effects can, in connection with copyright protection, increase market power and provoke competition authorities to monitor the exercise of copyrights.This thesis contains an analysis of the background and underlying principles of Canadian copyright law and competition law. It gives an overview over their interface in the legislation and the impact of competition policy on copyright litigation. It also examines the Intellectual Property Enforcement Guidelines that were issued by the Canadian Competition Bureau in September 2000.
The thesis concludes that competition law and copyright law are complementary instruments that serve the same goals. The two bodies of law are drafted so that they would not oppose one another. Instead of curbing copyright protection through competition policy enforcement, new challenges posed by new economy markets should be met by rethinking copyright policy and protection in these markets.
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Lewis, Timothy Joseph. "The political economy of debt and deficit politics in Canada". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq58660.pdf.
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Rasmussen, Kathleen Britt. "Canada and the reconstruction of the international economy, 1941-1947". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ63678.pdf.
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