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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Canadian SMEs"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 11 de febrero de 2022

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1

Campaniaris, Constantine, Richard Murray, Steven Hayes y Michael Jeffrey. "Evidence-based development of a strategy for Canadian apparel SMEs". Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 19, n.º 3 (13 de julio de 2015): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-11-2014-0079.

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Purpose – The Canadian apparel industry has long been challenged by imports from low-wage countries while its exports have declined since their height in 2002. This situation was exacerbated with trade liberalisation, which started in January 2005. Data from Industry Canada and a number of studies, amongst which those of the Apparel Human Resources Council (AHRC), showing the adverse effects of trade liberalisation since the phasing out of the multi-fibre agreement in 2005, the lack of competitive advantage for Canada as an apparel manufacturing nation and the subsequent rapid decline of its apparel industry, pointed to the need for a strategic response from the Canadian apparel industry, particularly from small to medium-sized enterprises. A study conducted for the AHRC of the Federal Government of Canada outlined a number of strategies that Canadian apparel companies could pursue, focusing on elements other than manufacturing in the traditional apparel value chain. These strategies seemed to suggest the implementation of a cluster approach where greater cooperation between suppliers would be required throughout the supply chain with a focus on functional expertise and relationships. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether a cluster strategy is being applied or if indeed it is applicable to Canada’s apparel companies. Design/methodology/approach – A literature search, was undertaken to find the options available for the organisation of SMEs so that: an analytical framework could be created from the various theories and concepts that; would enable the evidence-based selection of an option or options suitable for adoption by Canadian apparel SMEs, to assist them to be more effective than stand-alone enterprises. Data were collected from case studies of Canadian apparel companies, an Experience Survey (conducted through face-to-face interviews with the directors of the AHRC, the Canadian Apparel Federation, Industry Canada, and Canadian retail and apparel supply executives) and from the responses to an online questionnaire sent to Canadian apparel suppliers. The data were subjected to examination using the analytical framework to determine whether the evidence existed on which to base a cluster-based strategic response to competition from overseas apparel suppliers, or whether one of the alternative options might be a more suitable match with the Canadian apparel business environment. Findings – Neither the case studies nor the Experience Survey revealed sufficient evidence of open communication or of cooperation among suppliers in areas that would fortify horizontal clustering amongst apparel SMEs, such as the sharing of labour, market research or supply chain management; similar findings emerged from the online questionnaire sent to Canadian apparel suppliers, which showed little evidence favouring cluster development as a strategic response for the Canadian apparel supply industry. The research also showed that industrialists, experts and government advisors all recognised that, beginning with trade liberalisation in 2005, there had been a transformation of the Canadian apparel industry from a manufacturing to a service industry with the retailers taking much stronger control of the supply chain than before, which, taken together with the lack of open communication or cooperation among apparel suppliers gives rise to conditions which favour collaboration over clustering. Originality/value – The paper provides a firm evidence base upon which to develop a different strategy for Canadian SMEs than the cluster approach that has been proposed to date. The findings reported in this paper show that Canadian apparel industry leaders, government and industry-led support organisations, retailers and suppliers all recognise that the type of open communication or of cooperation among suppliers in areas that would fortify horizontal clustering amongst apparel SMEs, such as the sharing of labour, market research or supply chain management does not occur to a sufficient extent to support the adoption of a cluster strategy by the Canadian apparel sector (although it may be applicable in Quebec). Canadian retailers have now taken the leading role in the supplier/retailer relationship. Any future strategy will need to take account of this repositioning of retailers and be centred upon vertical relationships between individual apparel suppliers and retailers.
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2

Ogilvie, Kelvin K. "Canadian Biotechnology". Industry and Higher Education 5, n.º 2 (junio de 1991): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229100500208.

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The first article in this issue's focus on government support of small and medium-sized biotechnology companies contains a critical overview of government support of SMEs in Canada. The author, a leading Canadian biotechnologist, surveys federal government initiatives and details the major initiatives. Canadian expenditure on R&D is unfavourably compared to that in other OECD countries. Although government support of biotechnology could be improved, the article points out improvements effected during the 1980s and looks forward to the 1990s.
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3

Awais Ahmad Tipu, Syed y Kamel A. Fantazy. "Supply chain strategy, flexibility, and performance". International Journal of Logistics Management 25, n.º 2 (5 de agosto de 2014): 399–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-01-2013-0001.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the supply chain strategy, flexibility, and performance relationships in the context of SMEs in Canada and Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on a quantitative approach using a questionnaire survey from a total of 170 small and medium-sized Pakistani manufacturing companies. The current study draws upon the earlier work of Fantazy et al. (2009) for comparative purpose and employs path analysis technique. Findings – The results partially confirm the findings of previous study on Canadian SMEs with regard to the relationships among strategy, flexibility, and performance in the context of supply chain. The survey results revealed that SMEs in Pakistan adopt followers strategy in order to achieve financial and non-financial performance. Whereas in the previous study, Canadian SMEs adopted innovative strategy and customer-oriented strategy in order to enhance their performance. Originality/value – The literature did not reveal any study which attempted to compare supply chain strategy, flexibility, and performance of SMEs in developed and developing countries. The current study fills this important gap in the literature.
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4

Laeeque, Hina, Heather Boon, Natasha Kachan, Jillian Clare Cohen y Joseph D'Cruz. "The Canadian Natural Health Products (NHP) Regulations: Industry Compliance Motivations". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 4, n.º 2 (2007): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nel090.

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This qualitative study explores corporations' motivations to comply with new natural health products (NHP) Regulations in Canada. Interviews were conducted with representatives from 20 Canadian NHP companies. Findings show that the rationale for compliance differs for large compared to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Large firms are motivated to comply with the regulations because of the deterrent fear of negative media coverage, social motivations, ability to comply and maintaining a competitive market advantage. In contrast, SMEs are motivated to comply due to the deterrent fear of legal prosecution and a sense of duty.
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5

Snider, Brent, Giovani J. C. da Silveira y Jaydeep Balakrishnan. "ERP implementation at SMEs: analysis of five Canadian cases". International Journal of Operations & Production Management 29, n.º 1 (9 de enero de 2009): 4–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570910925343.

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6

Bhabra, Harjeet S. y Ashrafee T. Hossain. "Does location influence executive compensation? Evidence from Canadian SMEs". Journal of Management & Governance 22, n.º 1 (4 de mayo de 2017): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10997-017-9377-5.

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7

RAYMOND, LOUIS, JOSÉE ST-PIERRE, BRUNO FABI y RICHARD LACOURSIÈRE. "STRATEGIC CAPABILITIES FOR THE GROWTH OF MANUFACTURING SMEs: A CONFIGURATIONAL PERSPECTIVE". Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 15, n.º 02 (junio de 2010): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946710001476.

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In a now global knowledge-based economy, the strategic intent of manufacturing SMEs is manifested by the development of strategic capabilities not only for product and market development, but also for the development of their network, technological and human resources. This paper presents the results of a survey study of the strategic capabilities of 292 manufacturing firms, that is, 213 Canadian and 79 French SMEs. Taking the firms' entrepreneurial and organizational context into account, three distinct configurations of strategic capabilities are identified, namely 57 entrepreneurial SMEs, 93 engineering SMEs and 142 administrative SMEs, the first configuration being the "ideal" one in terms of growth.
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8

Mohiuddin, Muhammad y Zhan Su. "Manufacturing Small And Medium Size Enterprises Offshore Outsourcing And Competitive Advantage: An Exploratory Study On Canadian Offshoring Manufacturing SMEs". Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 29, n.º 4 (28 de junio de 2013): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v29i4.7920.

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This paper explores whether and how theoffshore outsourcing of the manufacturing SMEs creates competitive advantagesfor these firms. The offshore outsourcing strategy is widely criticized in thedeveloped countries for allegedly reducing job opportunities, missing scaleeconomy, diminishing innovation potentialities and creating various socialproblems. The present article with empirical data from thirteen Canadianoffshoring manufacturing SMEs attempted to address that the world-widedistributed co-production network could instead increase profit and marketshare, boost investment in R&D, raise focus on core competency and enhancecompetitivity of offshoring SMEs. This strategy enables companies to enhancetheir competitiveness by allowing them to have access to the competitiveproduction factors and new markets for their products. This paper contributesto the existing body of knowledge by showing that not only the largemultinationals but also the SMEs can achieve competitive advantages fromoffshoring part of their activities to foreign firms where those tasks can beperformed more competitively.
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9

Raymond, Louis y Josée St-Pierre. "Strategic Capabilities for Product Innovation in SMEs". International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 11, n.º 3 (agosto de 2010): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000010792217236.

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With the advent of globalization and the knowledge economy, an important issue has arisen concerning the relationship between the strategic capabilities of SMEs and their capacity to innovate. From a contingency perspective, one would argue that the firm's strategic capabilities can be leveraged for the purposes of innovation to the extent that these capabilities are in strategic co-alignment. This gives rise to the following empirical research questions: (a) are the networking, R&D and technological capabilities of SMEs co-aligned such that one can observe different organizational gestalts, and (b) does co-alignment of these capabilities lead to a successful outcome in terms of innovation? In answer to these questions, the authors present the results of a study of 205 Canadian manufacturing firms. Through cluster analysis, three gestalts are identified – entrepreneurial SMEs, engineering SMEs and administrative SMEs. Analysis of these gestalts indicates that entrepreneurial SMEs clearly lead the other two in R&D capability and product innovation.
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10

Malone, Matt. "Criminal Enforcement of Trade Secret Theft: Strategic Considerations for Canadian SMEs". Technology Innovation Management Review 10, n.º 11 (18 de diciembre de 2020): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1402.

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11

Ibanescu, Mihai, Gabriel M. Chirita, Christian Keen y Luis Cisneros. "Canadian SMES in the Tourism Sector: A Taxonomy of Owner-Managers". Management international 23, n.º 4 (2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1066078ar.

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12

Karakaya, Fahri y Peter Yannopoulos. "Relationship between Export Support, Export Barriers and Performance for Canadian SMEs". Journal of Euromarketing 21, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2012): 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9768/0021.01.004.

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13

Lagacé, Denis y Mario Bourgault. "Linking manufacturing improvement programs to the competitive priorities of Canadian SMEs". Technovation 23, n.º 8 (agosto de 2003): 705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4972(02)00026-3.

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14

Sui, Sui, Zhihao Yu y Matthias Baum. "Prevalence and longitudinal trends of early internationalisation patterns among Canadian SMEs". International Marketing Review 29, n.º 5 (7 de septiembre de 2012): 519–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651331211260368.

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15

Orser, Barbara, Allan Riding y JoAnna Townsend. "Exporting as a Means of Growth for Women-owned Canadian SMEs". Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship 17, n.º 3 (febrero de 2004): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2004.10593317.

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16

Raymond, Louis y Josee St Pierre. "Characterising the financial situation of Canadian manufacturing SMEs: a confirmatory approach". International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation 4, n.º 1 (2007): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaape.2007.012594.

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17

Boiral, Olivier, Charles Baron y Olen Gunnlaugson. "Environmental Leadership and Consciousness Development: A Case Study Among Canadian SMEs". Journal of Business Ethics 123, n.º 3 (7 de agosto de 2013): 363–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1845-5.

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18

St-Pierre, Josée, Ouafa Sakka y Moujib Bahri. "External Financing, Export Intensity and Inter-Organizational Collaborations: Evidence from Canadian SMEs*". Journal of Small Business Management 56 (4 de enero de 2018): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12390.

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19

DeLong, Deborah L., Robert A. Kozak y David H. Cohen. "Overview of the Canadian value-added wood products sector and the competitive factors that contribute to its success". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2007): 2211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-027.

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In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the secondary wood manufacturing sector across Canada. Strengthening and facilitating the secondary wood manufacturing or the value-added sector is seen as the next step to creating a more sustainable economy across Canada. This research considered a large sample of secondary wood manufacturers across Canada and has provided standardized information for the entire sector. To evaluate the competitive position of the Canadian secondary wood manufacturers, two steps were undertaken. First, factors that have determined success in other sectors were identified. Second, the sector’s current business environments and the factors that contribute to its success were evaluated. The data that contributed to this research was based on a mail survey that was sent to all secondary wood manufacturers across Canada. The data indicated that the majority of businesses in this sector are small to medium enterprises (SMEs) and have common concerns that effect SMEs. Problems obtaining financing for expansion, market research, expanding to new markets, and upgrading employees’ skills are examples. There are also opportunities for increasing efficiencies through lean manufacturing and optimizing supply chains, but these types of initiatives will require education and training. Using logistic regression, we found that being a member of an industry association greatly increased the likelihood of a business being profitable. Thus, industry associations could be an effective conduit for the required training and education.
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20

Di Mauro, Carmela, Alessandro Ancarani y Tara Hartley. "Unravelling SMEs’ participation and success in public procurement". Journal of Public Procurement 20, n.º 4 (6 de junio de 2020): 377–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-03-2018-0013.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the role of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) within the Canadian public procurement, by seeking to identify barriers and supporting factors of MSMEs’ participation and success in public tenders. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis builds on a unique survey run by the Canadian federal government, which addressed firms either participating or not participating in public tenders. Model estimation on the survey data relies on sample selection methodologies, which allow separating determinants of MSMEs’ decision to participate from determinants of success. Findings Results provide evidence that costs stemming from asset specificity and uncertainty (e.g. costs of bidding, requirements for participation, bundling of contracts and award rules based on minimum price) affect participation in public procurement. Within MSMEs, micro-firms are the most discouraged from participating. However, after controlling for factors affecting participation, micro-firms emerge as having a higher success rate, possibly because of high specialization and joint participation with larger firms. Research limitations/implications Because of the cross-sectional nature of the data used for hypotheses testing, endogeneity may arise if ex post variables affect ex ante decisions. This may apply if participation in procurement feeds on success in past tenders. Social implications Findings may inform policies for the inclusion of smaller firms in the public marketplace. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempting to disentangle determinants of participation in public tenders from determinants of success. Separating the two aspects helps fine-tune SME-friendly public procurement policies, by identifying actions that effectively facilitate success of MSMEs in public tenders.
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21

Dhingra, Harbans L. "Globalization of SMEs Through Strategic Alliances: An Empirical Analysis of Investment Strategies of Canadian SMEs in the Asia-Pacific Countries". Asean Economic Bulletin 8, n.º 1 (julio de 1991): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae8-1d.

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22

Vieru, Dragos y Simon Bourdeau. "Survival in the Digital Era". International Journal of Social and Organizational Dynamics in IT 6, n.º 1 (enero de 2017): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsodit.2017010102.

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Although the literature emphasizes the link between digital competence (DC) and IT adoption, there is a lack of understanding of how DC can be conceptualized in an SME context. Drawing on the literatures on SMEs and DC and on the change agentry perspective, this multi-case study proposes a multi-dimensional conceptualization of DC and empirically tests a typology of three DC archetypes of SME employees: Technical Expert, Organizer, and Campaigner. The results from a multi-case study of three Canadian SMEs suggest that the development of DC should focus on the complementarity nature of the technological, social and cognitive dimensions of the DC.
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23

Spence, Martine y Dave Crick. "A comparative investigation into the internationalisation of Canadian and UK high‐tech SMEs". International Marketing Review 23, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2006): 524–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330610703436.

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24

Madill, Judith y Leighann C. Neilson. "Web Site Utilization in SME Business Strategy: The Case of Canadian Wine SMEs". Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship 23, n.º 4 (enero de 2010): 489–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2010.10593497.

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25

Haque, Adnan ul y Fred A. Yamoah. "The Role of Ethical Leadership in Managing Occupational Stress to Promote Innovative Work Behaviour: A Cross-Cultural Management Perspective". Sustainability 13, n.º 17 (26 de agosto de 2021): 9608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179608.

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This study examines the role of ethical leadership in managing occupational stress to engender innovative work behaviour (IWB) in cargo logistic SMEs in a contrasting cross-cultural management context of Canada and Pakistan. We draw on Trait Activation Theory to develop the conceptual and theoretical framework of the study. Using connections and a networking approach, a proportionate equal sample of nine SMEs were selected for the study. Analysis of the data from the semi-structured Skype and face-to-face interviews with 38 supervisors and 97 employees showed that ethical leadership plays a vital role in reducing occupational stress and increasing employees’ IWB in both countries. Employees in both countries perceiving ethical leadership exhibit more creative-constructive behaviour. The results further demonstrate that males relative to females in both countries have a higher tendency of exhibiting risk-taking behaviour and IWB, resulting from leaders’ support. Similarly, males have higher tendency of challenging the prevailing “status quo” within the organisations than females. Generally, the Pakistani workforce scored higher in contrast to the Canadian workforce in demonstrating IWB due to ethical leadership support, despite higher perception of occupational stress. Cross-cultural management implications are duly outlined.
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26

Wayland, Sarah V. "Saving Small Business: The Urgent Need for Improved Business Succession Planning and how Immigrant Entrepreneurs can Help". Papers in Canadian Economic Development 18 (11 de abril de 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/pced.v18i0.93.

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<p>Small business is the backbone of the Canadian economy, yet fewer than half of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Canada currently have a succession plan in place. As such, many of these businesses could be at risk of closure, potentially reducing the wealth of the business owners in question and depriving communities of needed goods and services. This paper explores the possibility of business succession matching programs, with a focus on immigrants as potential purchasers of businesses. Immigrants are more likely to own a business than their Canadian-born counterparts, and a succession matching program could enable them to access established businesses, mentoring, and even creative financing to enhance their own chances of success as well as preserving desirable firms. The research is based on a review of existing literature, case studies and several interviews which identify an urgent need and potential solutions. </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>succession planning, small enterprise, immigration, immigrant entrepreneurs</p>
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27

Lim, Dominic SK, Eric A. Morse y Naryoung Yu. "The impact of the global crisis on the growth of SMEs: A resource system perspective". International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 38, n.º 6 (septiembre de 2020): 492–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242620950159.

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In this commentary, we examine both the positive and negative potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the growth of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We conceptualise the firm as a system of various resource components (strategic, physical, financial, human and organisational resources) and firm growth as the expansion of this resource system. Based on qualitative data drawn from Canadian high-growth SMEs, we discuss the potential impact of the crisis on these resource system components. We demonstrate how virtuous growth spirals of these resources co-evolve through various feedback and feed-forward loops. Furthermore, we discuss how a temporary growth setback, due to the crisis, can in fact provide an opportunity for entrepreneurs to realign, and regain the balance and fit within their firm’s resource system. This realignment enables the firm to take on the next phase of growth.
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28

Fabi, Bruno, Louis Raymond y Richard Lacoursière. "HRM Practice Clusters in Relation to Size and Performance: An Empirical Investigation in Canadian Manufacturing SMEs". Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship 20, n.º 1 (enero de 2007): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2007.10593384.

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Rhaiem, Khalil. "THE IMPACT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND INNOVATION ON INTERNATIONALIZATION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF CANADIAN MANUFACTURING SMEs". International Journal of Business Research 15, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2015): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18374/ijbr-15-1.9.

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Spence, Martine M., Linda M. Manning y Dave Crick. "An investigation into the use of collaborative ventures in the internationalization of high performing Canadian SMEs". European Management Journal 26, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2008): 412–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2008.09.006.

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Niyomahirwe, Marc y Donatien Avelé. "Large Canadian companies and SMEs in regards to international accounting standards (IFRS): results of an empirical study". International Journal of Economics and Accounting 7, n.º 4 (2016): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijea.2016.10004049.

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32

Doloreux, David y Luisa Kraft. "A Taxonomy of Eco-Innovation Types in SMEs: Exploring Different Firm Profiles in the Canadian Wine Industry". Sustainability 11, n.º 20 (18 de octubre de 2019): 5776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205776.

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The paper examines eco-innovation strategies in the Canadian wine industry. It uses firm-level data of 151 wine firms that developed eco-innovations between 2015 and 2017 to build a taxonomy of four eco-innovation strategies: (i) eco-innovation laggers, (ii) product-oriented eco-innovators, (iii) process-oriented eco-innovators, and (iv) fully integrated eco-innovators. We then characterize these eco-innovation strategies with respect to firm-level innovation capabilities, firms’ knowledge openness, and firms’ specific characteristics. The results reveal heterogeneity in eco-innovation strategies and show that these strategies exhibit different configurations of innovation-related conditions and firm characteristics.
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33

Bahri, Moujib, Josée St-Pierre y Ouafa Sakka. "Performance measurement and management for manufacturing SMEs: a financial statement-based system". Measuring Business Excellence 21, n.º 1 (20 de marzo de 2017): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-06-2015-0034.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a performance measurement and management system (PMMS) for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) based on an analysis of the connections between the firm’s business practices and financial results as reported in the financial statements. Design/methodology/approach Secondary data on the business practices and financial statements of 108 Canadian manufacturing SMEs were taken from a private database. Items from financial statements were used to measure the firm’s performance in specific areas such as sales and current assets management, while net profit was used to measure the overall performance. Information about the level of adoption of more than 120 business practices by the sampled firms was also used. Step-wise regression was then performed for two consecutive years to identify the business practices that had significantly influenced the items in the financial statements. Findings The findings show that an understanding of the business practice/financial statement connection can be useful in managing SME performance. The regression analyses provide rich and interesting results. They indicate that some practices influence performance quickly, while others have a deferred effect. In addition, some practices have impacts that are significant in specific areas of the organization but insignificant in terms of overall performance, while others affect the firm’s overall performance but not the specific area they are intended to improve. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of the study is the non-probabilistic sample. However, the sampled SMEs vary widely in their characteristics, which should partially mitigate the negative impacts of a non-probabilistic sample. Practical implications The paper offers a useful and low-cost PMMS for SMEs, using information that is easily available to owner-managers. It shows that SME performance can be managed using a simple system built around the firm’s financial statements. Originality/value The study is one of the first to empirically test the connection between an extensive list of SME business practices and the financial results presented in the firms’ financial statements.
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Wang, George y Richard Macaulay. "VP07 Cost-Effectiveness Of HTA Fees". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319002873.

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IntroductionHealth technology assessment (HTA) bodies evaluate the clinical and/or economic impact of new therapies to inform public reimbursement decision-making. This research evaluates the value for money of current or proposed fees for HTA in countries with mandatory cost-effectiveness HTA bodies relative to their respective public drug expenditure.MethodsHTA appraisal fees were identified from publicly-available websites: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH), Institut National d'Excellence en Santé et Services Sociaux (INESSS), and Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC). Annual national public drug expenditure (ANPDE) were sourced from the National Health Service England, Canadian Institute for Health Information, and the Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme.ResultsNICE is proposing to charge GBP 126,000 (EUR 142,582) for a single technology or highly specialized technology appraisal, CADTH charges CAD 72,480 (EUR 48,576) for a Schedule A submission, INESSS charges CAD 38,921 (EUR 26,089) for the first evaluation of a new drug or new indication, and PBAC charges AUD 136,716 (EUR 87,576) for a Major Lodgment. The ANPDE in England: GBP 16 billion (EUR 18.1 billion), Canada: CAD 14.5 billion (EUR 9.7 billion), Quebec: CAD 4 billion (EUR 2.7 billion) and Australia: AUD 8.7 billion (EUR 5.6 billion). The appraisal cost to drug expenditure ratio for these countries/regions were: 126,984, 200,055, 102,772, and 63,636, respectively.ConclusionsHTA submissions in the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia require financial contributions from manufacturers. These contributions bear little relation to the market size and cumulatively exceed EUR 300,000 (assuming no resubmissions). By adopting charging/cost recovery models, HTA bodies are aiming to reinvest the proceeds to increase the efficiency and capacity of appraisals, expediting patient access. However, these fees may be burdensome, especially for SMEs with promising therapies for orphan/rare diseases, and they may thus have the potential to deter/delay their submissions.
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C. Roach, David, Joel Ryman y Joshua White. "Culture, conduct and innovation: a deconstruction of market orientation". Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship 16, n.º 2 (14 de octubre de 2014): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrme-01-2014-0002.

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Purpose – This purpose of this study is to deconstruct market orientation to explore how culture interrelates with conduct and value-creating innovation and its effect on performance. The authors suggest that market orientation is an organizational identity that can be built and managed for sustained competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a split sample of 553 Canadian small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in both the manufacturing and technical service sectors. Hierarchical moderated regression analysis is used to test the main hypothesis that culture moderates the relationship between conduct and innovation. Support for the respective hypotheses is determined by the statistical significance of each focal variable. Findings – The study finds that culture does in fact moderate the relationship between conduct and innovation but only in service firms, not in manufacturing firms. Research limitations/implications – Theoretical implications include establishing support for the main premise of the paper, namely, that market-oriented culture interacts with the behavioral component of market orientation influencing the firm’s ability to create value through innovation. Practical implications – Managerial implications include the refinement of the many conceptualizations of the innovation construct by establishing innovation as value-creating. It also provides insight on how firm culture relates to the systems and processes used to operationalize both a market and innovation conduct within the firm. Originality/value – This paper provides a unique insight into the marketing/innovation interface, specifically in the context of SMEs.
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Fisher, Kyla, Jessica Geenen, Marie Jurcevic, Katya McClintock y Glynn Davis. "Applying asset-based community development as a strategy for CSR: a Canadian perspective on a win-win for stakeholders and SMEs". Business Ethics: A European Review 18, n.º 1 (enero de 2009): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01549.x.

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Poba-Nzaou, Placide, Louis Raymond y Bruno Fabi. "Risk of adopting mission-critical OSS applications: an interpretive case study". International Journal of Operations & Production Management 34, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2014): 477–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-03-2012-0117.

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Purpose – This study aims to explore the process of open source software (OSS) adoption in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and more specifically open source enterprise resource planning (ERP) as a “mission critical” OSS application in manufacturing. It also addresses the fundamental issue of ERP risk management that shapes this process. Design/methodology/approach – The approach is done through an interpretive case study of a small Canadian manufacturer that has adopted an open source ERP system. Findings – Interpreted in the light of the IT risk management, OSS and packaged application adoption literatures, results indicate that the small manufacturer successfully managed the adoption process in a rather intuitive manner, based on one guiding principle and nine practices. In analyzing the data, diffusion of innovation theory appeared to fit rather well with the situation observed and to offer rich insights to explain the mission-critical OSS adoption process. Research limitations/implications – A single case study of successful IT adoption should be eventually counterbalanced by future cases considered to be partial or total failures, using a wider multiple case study approach for comparative purposes. And this should include alternative theoretical interpretations and more detailed empirical work on the extent to which the distinctive features of OSS make its adoption more or less risk-laden. This initial effort should also be followed by further research on mission-critical OSS adoption in contexts other than SMEs (e.g. healthcare organizations) and other than ERP (e.g. customer-relationship management). Practical implications – This research confirms that open source is a credible alternative for SMEs that decide willingly or under external pressure to adopt a mission-critical system such as ERP. Moreover, it suggests that a high level of formalization is not always necessary. Originality/value – The authors argue that rich insights into the dynamics of the mission-critical OSS adoption process can be obtained by framing this process within an IT risk management context.
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Fantazy, Kamel A. y Mohamed Salem. "The value of strategy and flexibility in new product development". Journal of Enterprise Information Management 29, n.º 4 (11 de julio de 2016): 525–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-10-2014-0102.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between strategy and flexibility in new product development, and the operational and financial performance in the supply chain context. The motives for conducting this research are to introduce the supply chain strategies and new product development flexibility (NPDF) as constructs that could have the potential to contribute to the success of supply chain performance. Based on the relational view of the firm, the authors propose that supply chain strategy is an antecedent of NPDF and can create value for the buying firm in terms of better financial and non-financial performance. Design/methodology/approach – The structural equation modeling approach was used to evaluate the proposed model and analyze hypothesized relationships. The analysis, based on data collected from 175 small- and medium-sized (SME) Canadian manufacturing companies. Findings – The analysis shows that there are direct positive effects from strategy on NPDF. The findings indicate also a direct positive association between NPDF and performance and showed that the total effect (direct and indirect) positively influenced performance. Originality/value – The literature did not reveal any study which attempted to examine strategy, NPDF, and performance in the supply chain context of SMEs. The current study fills this important gap in the literature.
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RAYMOND, LOUIS, LOUISE CADIEUX y JOSÉE ST-PIERRE. "IMPLICATIONS OF THE SME OWNER-MANAGER'S BUSINESS VENTURING MODE: COMPARING FOUNDERS, ACQUIRERS AND SUCCESSORS". Journal of Enterprising Culture 20, n.º 01 (marzo de 2012): 57–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495812500033.

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The entrepreneurship literature teaches us that the aspirations and competence of SME owner-managers as well as their strategic management behaviour can influence both the development and performance of their firm. However the research issues that surround the owner-manager's business venturing mode, that is, whether he or she has created a new firm, acquired an already existing firm, or acceded to a family firm's leadership and ownership by succession and/or inheritance, have rarely been addressed in an integrated manner. Now, founders, acquirers and successors may have fundamentally different strategic profiles, that is, in terms of the strategic capabilities they aim to develop and the type of performance they seek for their firm. In aiming to identify individual correlates and organizational effects of the entrepreneur's business venturing mode, an empirical study of 357 Canadian and French SMEs was thus undertaken. The results reveal significant differences between the three groups of owner-managers, that is, between the 196 founders, 96 acquirers and 65 successors with regard to their competence and motivations and with regard to the strategic capabilities and business performance of their firm. The results also reveal the owner-manager's business venturing mode to be a significant predictor of the firm's market and HR capabilities as well as its growth, productivity and profitability.
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Vargas Hernández, José G. y Jorge Armando López Lemus. "Scenarios for small and medium enterprises provisions in USMCA renegotiation. A critical analysis of challenges and opportunities". Ciencia Económica 7, n.º 13 (30 de septiembre de 2019): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fe.24484962e.2018.v7n13.a3.

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The objective of this document is to establish some scenarios for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) based on a critical analysis of the provisions in the renegotiation of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), its challenges and opportunities. The critical analysis starts from the questionable position of USMCA’s withdrawal and its consequences for SMEs of not giving continuity through a renegotiation process between the three partners. Based on some sources of information, the study of the results of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the USMCA, and the strategic review of their challenges and opportunities for SMEs, some possible scenarios are established after the renegotiation of the USMCA, as well as some strategic proposals for SMEs.
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Idrissi Fakhreddine, Moulay Othman y Yan Castonguay. "An exploratory study on how SMEs are open to external sources of information". European Journal of Innovation Management 22, n.º 5 (14 de octubre de 2019): 765–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-01-2019-0027.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to draw on recent developments in the open innovation literature to explore whether the openness of SMEs to the four categories of external sources of information (ESI) is complementary, substitute or independent, while assessing the determinants of SMEs’ openness to these ESI. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on data from a survey of 451 manufacturing SMEs in the province of Québec, Canada. Data have been elaborated through a multivariate probit model to empirically show that SMEs are considered to be simultaneously open to different ESI. The results of this study show significant heterogeneity in the determinants of SMEs’ openness to these ESI. Findings The study found that the SMEs’ openness to different ESI seems to be complementary rather than substitute; and not all variables included in the model explain the SMEs’ openness to the different ESI. Practical implications The paper provides practical implications for managers and policy makers including the SMEs’ managers’ role to recognize the consolidation of different ESI jointly instead of separately. Furthermore, managers and policy makers should attempt to provide a fair context to SMEs to manage their openness ecosystem. Originality/value This study is virtually the first to investigate both the complementarity and the determinants of SMEs’ openness to different ESI using a sophisticated econometric model.
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Banham, Heather y Yunke He. "Organizational Change In Small And Medium Size Enterprises: Practice, Frequency And Achievement Of Objectives". International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS) 17, n.º 1 (31 de diciembre de 2012): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ijmis.v17i1.7590.

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Organizational changes are experienced by 40% of a group of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Canada according to authors recent survey. These SMEs report substantive attainment of the objectives which were pursued in implementing these change practices. An emerging concern in the pursuit and attainment of greater labour flexibility as an objective is that it impairs the creation of full time employment opportunities which is one of the expectations for SMEs. Data analysis fails to provide evidence of a strong link between implementation of organizational changes and financial performance of these firms, of which 80% have been operating for more than five years.
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Chan, Yolande E., James S. Denford y Joyce Y. Jin. "Competing Through Knowledge and Information Systems Strategies: A Study of Small and Medium-Sized Firms". Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 15, n.º 03 (26 de julio de 2016): 1650027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649216500271.

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In this study, we investigated strategies that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Canada employ to create, transfer, and apply knowledge, and we evaluated the importance of supporting dynamic knowledge capabilities and information systems. To examine the empirical support for a model based on the resource-based view of the firm, we conducted a survey of SMEs operating in knowledge-intensive industries. We tested relationships among knowledge strategy, information systems strategy, dynamic knowledge capabilities, and firm performance. SME performance was measured by their physical and financial capital, as well as four intangible types of capital: structural, human, innovation, and relational. We observed that dynamic knowledge capabilities only partially mediate the link between knowledge strategy and performance in SMEs. However, dynamic knowledge capabilities fully mediate the link between information systems (IS) strategy and performance in the small and medium-sized firms studied. We observed that information systems only indirectly influence firm performance, but they directly support the knowledge and innovation capital of SMEs. Further, our results indicated that, in SMEs, knowledge strategies directly influence IS strategies, and that alignment between knowledge strategies and IS strategies positively impacts dynamic knowledge capabilities, and hence firm performance.
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IFINEDO, PRINCELY. "AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING INTERNET/E-BUSINESS TECHNOLOGIES ADOPTION BY SMES IN CANADA". International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 10, n.º 04 (julio de 2011): 731–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622011004543.

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Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) around the world engage in e-commerce and e-business to support business operations as well as to enhance revenue generation from nontraditional sources. Internet and e-business technologies (IEBT) are the pillars of e-commerce and e-business. Despite the universal appeal of IEBT, it has been reported that the adoption of such technologies by SMEs is influenced by contextual imperatives. The objective of this research is to investigate factors impacting the adoption of IEBT in SMEs based in the Maritime region of Canada. A research model based on the diffusion of innovation (DIT) and the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) frameworks was used to guide the discourse. Such factors as relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, management support, organizational readiness, external pressure, and government support were used to develop relevant hypotheses. Questionnaires were mailed to key informants in SMEs. Data analysis was performed using the partial least squares (PLS) technique. Predictions related to relative advantage, management support, and competition's pressure were confirmed. The study did not support the constructs of compatibility, complexity, government support, customers' and partners' pressures as significant predictors of IEBT adoption by the SMEs in the region.
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Kelley, Leah Taylor, Jamie Fujioka, Kyle Liang, Madeline Cooper, Trevor Jamieson y Laura Desveaux. "Barriers to Creating Scalable Business Models for Digital Health Innovation in Public Systems: Qualitative Case Study". JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 6, n.º 4 (10 de diciembre de 2020): e20579. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20579.

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Background Health systems are increasingly looking toward the private sector to provide digital solutions to address health care demands. Innovation in digital health is largely driven by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), yet these companies experience significant barriers to entry, especially in public health systems. Complex and fragmented care models, alongside a myriad of relevant stakeholders (eg, purchasers, providers, and producers of health care products), make developing value propositions for digital solutions highly challenging. Objective This study aims to identify areas for health system improvement to promote the integration of innovative digital health technologies developed by SMEs. Methods This paper qualitatively analyzes a series of case studies to identify health system barriers faced by SMEs developing digital health technologies in Canada and proposed solutions to encourage a more innovative ecosystem. The Women’s College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care established a consultation program for SMEs to help them increase their innovation capacity and take their ideas to market. The consultation involved the SME filling out an onboarding form and review of this information by an expert advisory committee using guided considerations, leading to a recommendation report provided to the SME. This paper reports on the characteristics of 25 SMEs who completed the program and qualitatively analyzed their recommendation reports to identify common barriers to digital health innovation. Results A total of 2 central themes were identified, each with 3 subthemes. First, a common barrier to system integration was the lack of formal evaluation, with SMEs having limited resources and opportunities to conduct such an evaluation. Second, the health system’s current structure does not create incentives for clinicians to use digital technologies, which threatens the sustainability of SMEs’ business models. SMEs faced significant challenges in engaging users and payers from the public system due to perverse economic incentives. Physicians are compensated by in-person visits, which actively works against the goals of many digital health solutions of keeping patients out of clinics and hospitals. Conclusions There is a significant disconnect between the economic incentives that drive clinical behaviors and the use of digital technologies that would benefit patients’ well-being. To encourage the use of digital health technologies, publicly funded health systems need to dedicate funding for the evaluation of digital solutions and streamlined pathways for clinical integration.
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ST-PIERRE, JOSÉE y MOUJIB BAHRI. "THE DETERMINANTS OF RISK PREMIUM: THE CASE OF BANK LINES OF CREDIT GRANTED TO SMEs". Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 16, n.º 04 (diciembre de 2011): 459–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s108494671100194x.

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The goal of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the factors that determine the risk premium on bank lines of credit obtained by SMEs, and whether firm size, which may be used by banks to segment their client base, also has an impact on credit costs. An analysis of data from 406 SMEs in Canada showed the main determinants of risk premium were firm size, line of credit size, ability to repay, the relationship between banker and entrepreneur, and the length of the relationship with the bank. These determinants change according to the market segment in which the potential borrower operates. Banks appear to use a transactional approach for smaller borrowers, where credit terms are based on quantitative financial data, and a relational approach for larger firms, where relationship length and quality become significant.
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Sharkovа, A. V., I. A. Keylin y S. E. Shibalova. "THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CANADA". Scientific Journal ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 13, n.º 2 (2020): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29030/2309-2076-2020-13-2-168-175.

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Small and medium-sized businesses are an integral part of the market economy, without which the state cannot function effectively. SMEs largely determine the rate of economic growth, structure and quality of the gross national product, forming its significant share. This article examines the features of business in Canada, its role and place in the economy, and examines the impact of entrepreneurship on the socio-economic life of the country.
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Vargas-Hernández, José G., Rafael Casas-Cardenaz y Rebeca Almanza Gutiérrez. "REVALUATION OF MINIMUM WAGES IN MEXICO AND ITS FINANCIAL IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONS AND PRIMARILY ON SMEs". SINERGIA - Revista do Instituto de Ciências Econômicas, Administrativas e Contábeis 23, n.º 2 (6 de agosto de 2019): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/sinergia-2236-7608-v23n2-8654.

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The development of this work is aimed at emphasizing the devaluation suffered by the general minimum wage in Mexico, highlighting the need for its revaluation as a response to the economic marginalization of vulnerable sectors and regions with greater lag in the country, as well as a to stop the deterioration of the wage-earners' living standards mainly, taking into account the demands of nations with respect to the new Agreement between the United States, Mexico and Canada (USMCA). However, its recovery must be planned through a gradual process that allows the progressive adaptation with respect to its economic impact. For this, a qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out, describing its deterioration, the loss of purchasing power, proposing a restitution scheme in a period of six years to avoid affecting financially organizations and SMEs mainly. Keywords: National index of consumer prices, inflation, purchasing power, SMEs and minimum wage. JEL: E21, E24, E31.
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Osiyevskyy, Oleksiy, Sílvia Fernandes Costa y Cameron Maranville Madill. "Business Sense or Subjective Satisfaction?" International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 17, n.º 1 (febrero de 2016): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2016.0207.

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Does business planning have any impact on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)? Despite numerous studies in management and entrepreneurship literature, the answer remains contested. The authors address this research question empirically by exploring the composite business planning comprehensiveness construct, reflecting the degree to which business planning practices are embraced in all domains of firm management. Employing a survey of SME owners in the USA and Canada (N = 568), they explore the performance outcomes of this construct. The results demonstrate that business planning comprehensiveness is positively associated with the operational and subjective performance of the firm, but not with its financial performance.
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Vargas-Hernández, José G., Rafael Casas Cárdenaz y Rebeca Almanza Jiménez. "REVALUATION OF MINIMUM WAGES IN MEXICO AND ITS FINANCIAL IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONS AND PRIMARILY ON SMES". Revista Labor 1, n.º 20 (31 de marzo de 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.29148/labor.v1i20.40921.

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The development of this work is aimed at emphasizing the devaluation suffered by the general minimum wage in Mexico, highlighting the need for its revaluation as a response to the economic marginalization of vulnerable sectors and regions with greater lag in the country, as well as a to stop the deterioration of the wage-earners' living standards mainly, taking into account the demands of nations with respect to the new Agreement between the United States, Mexico and Canada (USMCA). However, its recovery must be planned through a gradual process that allows the progressive adaptation with respect to its economic impact. For this, a qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out, describing its deterioration, the loss of purchasing power, proposing a restitution scheme in a period of six years to avoid affecting financially organizations and SMEs mainly.
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