Artículos de revistas: "Canadiens, French-speaking"

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Burchell, Diana, Kathleen Hipfner-Boucher, Janani Selvachandran, Patricia Cleave y Xi Chen. "Evaluating the Oral Language Skills of English-Stream and French Immersion Students: Are the CLB/NCLC Applicable?" Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics 23, n.º 2 (16 de octubre de 2020): 118–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37213/cjal.2020.30461.

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This study examined the oral language skills of grade-two anglophone children enrolled in French Immersion and English-stream programs. The study had two objectives: (a) to compare performance between the groups on measures of receptive vocabulary, narrative comprehension, and narrative production (i.e., structure and language) in English, and (b) to explore the applicability of the Canadian Language Benchmarks/Niveaux de compétences linguistiques canadiens (CLB/NCLC) to assessment of their conversational competency. All children (English-stream n = 27, French Immersion n = 33, aged 7-8 years) were tested in English. In addition, the French Immersion students were tested using equivalent measures in French. The results comparing performance in English revealed no differences between the groups on receptive vocabulary, narrative comprehension and narrative structure. However, the English-stream children outperformed their French Immersion peers in narrative language. Furthermore, CLB/NCLC listening and speaking criteria were applied to conversational samples yielding level scores in English (both groups) and French (French Immersion only). The range of benchmarks that are appropriate for this population is discussed in detail.

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Kozhemyakina, V. A. "LANGUAGE SITUATION AND LANGUAGE POLICY IN THE CANADIAN PROVINCE OF QUEBEC". Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 30, n.º 6 (11 de diciembre de 2020): 993–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-6-993-1000.

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The article analyzes the language situation and language policy in the Canadian province of Quebec. The Federal and provincial laws on the language adopted in the second half of the XX century are analyzed and the situation in which the French language was in the province of Quebec is indicated. The sixties of the last century in Quebec is called the "quiet revolution", it was a period of profound social and political changes. The quiet revolution was peaceful, evolutionary, but it involved the entire population of the province. The "revolution" was accompanied by a change in the ethnic imbalance in the society, in which the both political and economic powers were in the hands of the English-speaking minority. Another important aspect was the modernization and secularization of the Franco-Canadian community and the rise of its standard of living up to the average level of Anglo-Canadians one. French-speaking Canadians who were at a lower stage of economic development, was on the edge of loosing their native language, which caused a strong rise of the nationalist movement in Quebec, which was directed by provincial authorities to rescue the Quebec version of the French language and improving socio-economic situation of the French speaking community.

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Nicole St-Onge. "Songs Upon the Rivers: The Buried History of the French-Speaking Canadiens and Metis from the Great Lakes and the Mississippi Across to the Pacific by Robert Foxcurran, Michael Bouchard, and Sebastien Malette". Michigan Historical Review 43, n.º 1 (2017): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mhr.2017.0000.

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Beach, Richard y George Sherman. "Rethinking Canada: Canadian Studies and Study Abroad". Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 6, n.º 1 (15 de diciembre de 2000): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v6i1.79.

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Americans have been studying “abroad” in Canada on a freelance basis for generations, and for many different reasons. Certain regions of Canada, for example, provide excellent, close-to-home opportunities to study French and/or to study in a French-speaking environment. Opportunities are available coast-to-coast for “foreign studies” in an English-speaking environment. Additionally, many students are interested in visiting cities or areas from which immediate family members or relatives emigrated to the United States. Traditionally, many more Canadians have sought higher education degrees in the United States than the reverse. However, this is about to change. Tearing a creative page out of the American university admissions handbook, Canadian universities are aggressively recruiting in the United States with the up-front argument that a Canadian education is less expensive, and a more subtle argument that it is perhaps better.

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Mady, Callie. "Examining immigrants’ English and French proficiency in French immersion". Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 3, n.º 2 (2 de octubre de 2015): 268–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jicb.3.2.05mad.

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Demographic changes in the Canadian population have also brought a more diverse community of learners to French immersion programs. This study responds to the changes in the immersion student population by comparing the French and English proficiency of three groups: Canadian-born English-speaking students, Canadian-born multilingual students and immigrant multilingual students in Grade 6 early French immersion. The quantitative data from English and French tests showed that the immigrant group outperformed the Canadian-born English speaking and the Canadian-born multilingual groups on French proficiency measures of reading, writing, and speaking, whereas there were no significant differences among the groups on the English test components.

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Hyde, Anne. "Songs Upon the Rivers: The Buried History of the French Speaking Canadiens and Métis from The Great Lakes to the Mississippi Across to the Pacific by Robert Foxcurran, Michel Bouchard, and Sébastien MalletteRobert Foxcurran, Michel Bouchard and Sébastien Mallette, Songs Upon the Rivers: The Buried History of the French Speaking Canadiens and Métis from The Great Lakes to the Mississippi Across to the Pacific. Montreal: Baraka Books, 2016. 448 pp. $34.95 Cdn (paper), $27.99 Cdn (e-book)." Canadian Journal of History 53, n.º 1 (abril de 2018): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.ach.53.1.rev13.

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Mansfield, Elizabeth D., Rana Wahba, Doris E. Gillis, Barry D. Weiss y Mary L’Abbé. "Canadian adaptation of the Newest Vital Sign©, a health literacy assessment tool". Public Health Nutrition 21, n.º 11 (25 de abril de 2018): 2038–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018000253.

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AbstractObjectiveThe Newest Vital Sign© (NVS) was developed in the USA to measure patient health literacy in clinical settings. We adapted the NVS for use in Canada, in English and French, and created a computerized version. Our objective was to evaluate the reliability of the Canadian NVS as a self-administered computerized tool.DesignWe used a randomized crossover design with a washout period of 3–4 weeks to compare health literacy scores obtained using the computerized version with scores obtained using the standard interviewer-administered NVS. ANOVA models and McNemar’s tests assessed differences in outcomes assessed with each version of the NVS and order effects of the testing.SettingParticipants were recruited from multicultural catchment areas in Ontario and Nova Scotia.SubjectsEnglish- and French-speaking adults aged 18 years or older.ResultsA total of 180 (81 %) of the 222 adults (112 English/110 French) initially recruited completed both the interviewer-NVS and computer-NVS. Scores for those who completed both assessments ranged from 0 to 6 with a mean of 3·63 (sd 2·11) for the computerized NVS and 3·41 (sd 2·21) for the interview-administered NVS. Few (n 18; seven English, eleven French) participants’ health literacy assessments differed between the two versions.ConclusionsOverall, the computerized Canadian NVS performed as well as the interviewer-administered version for assessing health literacy levels of English- and French-speaking participants. This Canadian adaptation of the NVS provides Canadian researchers and public health practitioners with an easily administered health literacy assessment tool that can be used to address the needs of Canadians across health literacy levels and ultimately improve health outcomes.

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Brooks, Stephen. "The failure of constitutionalism in Canada". Res Publica 35, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 1993): 271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v35i2.18805.

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An obsession with constitutional reform characterized Canadian politics between 1987 and 1992. This reflected the failure of traditional mechanisms for bridging linguistic and regional differences in Canada, and the spirit of contentiousness and rightsconsciousness that has been encouraged since the passage of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982. These efforts to reform the constitution failed. In the 1992 referendum a majority of both French- and English-speaking Canadians, and majorities in 6 of the 10 provinces, rejected proposals supported by the country's political and economic elites. Support for the reform proposals was greatest among the more affluent parts of Canadian society. Despite the fact that both French and English Canada rejected the proposed reforms, their reasons for doing so were quite different. In the wake of this failure, the terms of a reconciliation between the aspirations of French and English Canada are elusive as ever.

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Derruau, Max. "À l’origine du « rang » canadien". Cahiers de géographie du Québec 1, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2005): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020004ar.

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What is the origin of the type of settlement known in French speaking Canada as the rang ? Is it an import from France or an original Canadian creation ? The System is based on French agricultural customs, but bas been adapted to theNew World and applied with a geometrical strictness unknown in France.

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Lupul, Taras. "Francophone Immigrants Outside Quebec and Anglophone Immigration in Quebec". Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, n.º 40 (15 de diciembre de 2019): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2019.40.119-124.

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In this article, French-speaking immigrants who settle outside Quebec are referred to as “French-speaking immigrants”, similarly, “Francophone immigration” refers to the arrival of French-speaking immigrants in Canadian provinces and territories other than Quebec. The statistical data analysis shows that there are strong distinguishes between immigrants, who speak French as their first official language and those who speak both English and French as their first official language. According to the statistics, there are differences between these two groups in terms of their demographic and socio-economic characteristics. This article also marks English-speaking immigrants who settle in Quebec are referred to as “English-speaking immigrants”, similarly, “Anglophone immigration” refers to the arrival of English-speaking immigrants in Quebec. Keywords: Anglophones, Francophones, immigrants, Canada, statistics.

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Bélanger, Damien-Claude. "Loyalty and Lobbying: French-Canadian Delegates in London, 1763–1840". London Journal of Canadian Studies 35, n.º 1 (30 de noviembre de 2020): 29–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ljcs.2020v35.003.

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This article examines the individuals who came to London in order to lobby the imperial authorities in favour of the expansion of French-Canadian rights from the 1763 Treaty of Paris to the 1840 Act of Union and who were delegated by a significant body or institution within French Canada. Early efforts were centred on the expansion of religious rights and the perpetuation of Quebec’s legal and social institutions, including French civil law and the seigneurial system. Religious affairs remained an important facet of French-Canadian lobbying throughout the British regime, though the issue of political reform, which came to the fore in the 1780s, soon came to dominate lobbying efforts. These efforts were predicated on ideas of loyalty, as delegates sought to negotiate a place within the British Empire for French Canada. They lobbied London to allow French Canadians to fully participate in civic life within the framework of British political institutions while also allowing Quebec to retain its particular religious and social institutions. Delegates experienced some success, especially when they enjoyed the support of the colonial authorities at Quebec, but often failed to achieve their goals because they ran counter to British policy or because their English-speaking opponents had greater access to Whitehall.

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Gross, Andrew C. "Education, Employment and Utilization Patterns of French-Canadian and English-Canadian Engineering Graduates". Relations industrielles 24, n.º 3 (12 de abril de 2005): 559–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/028045ar.

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In this article, the author compares the experience of French-speaking and English-speaking engineering graduates in Canada, focusing on similarities and differences in their education, employment and utilization patterns. This essay is based on a larger study which has dealt with engineering manpower in Canada.

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Schaninger, Charles M., Jacques C. Bourgeois y W. Christian Buss. "French-English Canadian Subcultural Consumption Differences". Journal of Marketing 49, n.º 2 (marzo de 1985): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900207.

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Consumption differences were examined between French-speaking, bilingual, and English-speaking Canadian families from the greater Ottawa/Hull metropolitan area. Significant differences were found for a wide variety of consumption behaviors, media usage, and durable goods ownership. These differences existed even after social class and income were removed.

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Côté, Claudia, Cynthia Gagnon y Hélène Payette. "Adaptation transculturelle en français du Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia (EdFED) Scale : un questionnaire pour évaluer les difficultés à s’alimenter de personnes âgées présentant des troubles cognitifs en centre d’hébergement". Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 37, n.º 4 (5 de septiembre de 2018): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980818000351.

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ABSTRACTThe Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia (EdFED) Scale was designed to identify feeding difficulties for people with moderate to severe dementia. Its Canadian-French cross-cultural adaptation was carried out, as part of an experimental study, whose secondary objective was to document its construct validity. A back-translation method was followed. The EdFED-f was used during a meal with 26 elderly residents who had cognitive disorders. There was a significant correlation between EdFED-f scores and energy intakes calculated using a visual estimation of plate wash method (r=-0,50, p=0,009). EdFED-f scores also showed a significant difference according to the percentage of food consumed at meals (p=0,015). These results support the validity of the EdFED-f to assess feeding difficulties among elderly French-speaking Canadians living in residential and long-term care centers.

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Curtis, Bruce. "State of the Nation or Community of Spirit? Schooling for Civic and Ethnic-Religious Nationalism in Insurrectionary Canada". History of Education Quarterly 43, n.º 3 (2003): 325–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2003.tb00125.x.

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This article focuses on the two leading projects in the educational “struggle for the hearts and minds” of the people in the British North American colony of Lower Canada (currently the southern portion of the Canadian Province of Quebec) in the wake of the insurrectionary struggles and armed border incursions of 1837–38. (See Figure 1.) English Radicals and Whigs, with some Canadian allies, promoted a broad-ranging reconstruction of colonial government and legal and cultural institutions. The educational component of their project centered on the “nationalization” of the French- and English-speaking populations through the attendance of young people in common schools, where they would be instructed in a nonsectarian civil religion later known as “our Common Christianity.” The cooperative management of such schools by adult male property holders would train men in the operations of local representative self-government. Most of those involved in promoting this project for a new form of community understood it to be aimed at the assimilation of French Canadians to a broadly “British” nationality.

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Ryalls, J., A. Cliche, J. Fortier-blanc, I. Coulombe y A. Prud'hommeaux. "Voice-onset time in younger and older French-speaking Canadians". Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 11, n.º 3 (enero de 1997): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699209708985191.

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Fowler, Carol, Sarah Rowland, David Ostry, Valery Sramko y Pierre Halle. "Voice onset time of bilingual English and French‐speaking Canadians". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119, n.º 5 (mayo de 2006): 3422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4786850.

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Mak, Susanne, Jean Bourbeau, Nancy E. Mayo, Sharon Wood-Dauphinee y Judith E. Soicher. "Psychometric Testing of the CHAMPS Questionnaire in French Canadians with COPD". Canadian Respiratory Journal 2019 (17 de septiembre de 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2185207.

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Physical activity is an important health behaviour in reducing morbidity and mortality in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Accurate measurement of the characteristics of physical activity is essential to understanding the impact of COPD on physical activity. In a previous article, we reported on the cross-cultural adaptation of the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire to produce a Canadian French version. The CHAMPS yields four summary scores: two caloric expenditure scores (moderate-intensity activities and all activities) and two frequency scores (moderate-intensity activities and all activities). The objective of this study was to evaluate test-retest reliability and convergent construct validity, in both English and French versions of the CHAMPS, in individuals with COPD. Test-retest reliability was assessed by administering the CHAMPS at two visits (2-3 weeks apart), to 19 English-speaking and 18 French-speaking participants. Validity was assessed in 56 English-speaking and 74 French-speaking participants, who completed the CHAMPS, Short Form- (SF-) 36, and St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) at a single visit. Results from reliability testing indicated that intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) generally met the threshold for good reliability (ICC > 0.6), with frequency scores showing greater stability than caloric expenditure scores. Validity testing yielded moderate correlations (r = 0.4-0.5) of the CHAMPS with the SF-36 domains and summary score capturing constructs of physical function, and with the SGRQ activity domain and total score. CHAMPS frequency scores for moderate-intensity activities correlated more strongly than other scores, with physical aspects of the SF-36 and SGRQ. The English and French versions of the CHAMPS did not show any substantial differences in reliability (frequency scores) or validity (frequency and caloric expenditure scores). Findings from this study support the reliability and validity of the CHAMPS. In particular, frequency scores for moderate-intensity activities can provide useful information on physical activity levels in individuals with COPD. This trial is registered with NCT00169897. ISRCTN registration number: IRSCTN32824512.

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Djiadeu, Pascal, Abban Yusuf, Clémence Ongolo-Zogo, Joseph Nguemo, Apondi J. Odhiambo, Chantal Mukandoli, David Lightfoot, Lawrence Mbuagbaw y LaRon E. Nelson. "Barriers in accessing HIV care for Francophone African, Caribbean and Black people living with HIV in Canada: a scoping review". BMJ Open 10, n.º 8 (agosto de 2020): e036885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036885.

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IntroductionIn 2001, 50%–55% of French-speaking minority communities did not have access to health services in French in Canada. Although Canada is officially a bilingual country, reports indicate that many healthcare services offered in French in Anglophone provinces are insufficient or substandard, leading to healthcare discrepancies among Canada’s minority Francophone communities.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this scoping systematic review was to identify existing gaps in HIV-care delivery to Francophone minorities living with HIV in Canada.Study designScoping systematic review.Data sourcesSearch for studies published between 1990 and November 2019 reporting on health and healthcare in Francophone populations in Canada. Nine databases were searched, including Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library, the National Health Service Economic Development Database, Global Health, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science.Study selectionEnglish or French language studies that include data on French-speaking people with HIV in an Anglophone majority Canadian province.ResultsThe literature search resulted in 294 studies. A total of 230 studies were excluded after duplicates were removed. The full texts of 43 potentially relevant papers were retrieved for evaluation and data extraction. Forty-one studies were further excluded based on failure to meet the inclusion criteria leaving two qualitative studies that met our inclusion criteria. These two studies reported on barriers on access to specialised care by Francophone and highlighted difficulties experienced by healthcare professionals in providing quality healthcare to Francophone patients in Ontario and Manitoba.ConclusionThe findings of this scoping systematic review highlight the need for more HIV research on linguistic minority communities and should inform health policymaking and HIV/AIDS community organisations in providing HIV care to Francophone immigrants and Canadians.

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Savoie, J., K. Root, K. Goldsmith y J. Villers. "C-08The Bilingual Effect on Naming Performance in French-speaking Canadians". Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 32, n.º 6 (septiembre de 2017): 667–765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acx076.175.

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Boivin, Jean. "Providing the Taste of Learning: Nadia Boulanger’s Lasting Imprint on Canadian Music". Articles 33, n.º 2 (19 de agosto de 2015): 71–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1032696ar.

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This article traces the rich Canadian legacy of the twentieth-century French musical legend Nadia Boulanger (1887–1979). Through teaching her more than seventy Canadian students, both French- and English-speaking, the renowned French pedagogue played a crucial role in the development of concert art music in this country from the 1920s, notably in Montreal and Toronto. Her numerous Canadian students went on to distinguish themselves as composers, teachers, performers, musicologists, theorists, administrators, and radio producers. Drawing on extensive archival and primary research, this study demonstrates the decisive impact Boulanger had on the development of musical styles and compositional practices in Canada in the last century.

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Joubert, Ingrid. "Le Passé a-t-il de l'avenir devant lui? Bilan du théâtre francophone de l'Ouest canadien". Theatre Research International 21, n.º 3 (1996): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300015327.

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For the French speaking minorities of Manitoba, the struggle against oppression has often meshed with battles for justice and human rights waged by other Canadian minority groups. Over the past two decades, plays by English and French speaking playwrights have echoed theatrical themes of the nineteenth century by centring on the plight of the Métisse. Being of Amer-Indian and Franco-Canadian descent, the history of the Métisse offers a fascinating perspective on Anglo-French and Anglo-Indian relations. In many of the plays, much attention is paid to the legendary story of Louis Riel, a Métisse chief who led the fight against British expansion into Western Canada and who was executed by the Crown for the murder of Thomas Scott, a British officer. With Riel as an emblem, anglophone and francophone playwrights have forged new outlooks on the historical struggle for control of Western Canada. Furthermore, while investigating the past playwrights have uncovered ways in which conflicting interpretations of history throw light upon present-day Canadian cultural complexities.

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Aunger, Edmund A. "Justifying the End of Official Bilingualism: Canada's North-West Assembly and the Dual-Language Question, 1889-1892". Canadian Journal of Political Science 34, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2001): 451–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423901777979.

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During a three-year period beginning in 1889, Canada struggled through a bitter identity crisis as militant English-Canadian nationalists rallied support for their vision of a homogeneous English-speaking country. In the eye of this storm was a NorthWest Legislative Assembly determined to abolish official bilingualism and assimilate its French-speaking minority. This article examines the origins of the North-West's ''dual language question'' and critically evaluates justifications given for the suppression of the French language. In their debates, the North-West legislators grappled with enduring issues of national unity, economic efficiency, majoritarian democracy and political legitimacy.

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Polka, Linda, Paola Escudero y Shelly Matchett. "Assimilation and discrimination of Canadian French vowels by English‐speaking adults". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, n.º 5 (noviembre de 2002): 2250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4778951.

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Maïano, Christophe, Alexandre J. S. Morin, Johanne April, Maike Tietjens, Charlaine St-Jean, Cynthia Gagnon, Dennis Dreiskämper y Annie Aimé. "Psychometric Properties of a French Version of the Perceived Motor Competence in Childhood Questionnaire". Perceptual and Motor Skills 128, n.º 3 (25 de marzo de 2021): 1002–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125211000862.

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In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of a French version of the Perceived Motor Competence in Childhood (PMC-C) questionnaire. The participants were 219 French-speaking children (aged 5-12 years), recruited from elementary schools in the Canadian Province of Quebec. Results supported the validity and reliability of a second-order confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) model, including one higher-order factor. Additional analyses supported the complete measurement invariance of the first- and second-order factor structure across sex and indicated no differential item functioning or latent mean differences in PMC-C factors as a function of selected predictors (i.e., age, body mass-index and physical activity/sport involvement). Thus, this French version of the PMC-C has satisfactory psychometric properties (i.e., factor validity and reliability, measurement invariance and differential item functioning) and can be used to assess French-speaking children’s perceived motor competence.

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Hipfner-Boucher, Kathleen, Katie Lam y Becky Xi Chen. "The effects of bilingual education on the English language and literacy outcomes of Chinese-speaking children". Written Language and Literacy 17, n.º 1 (11 de abril de 2014): 116–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.17.1.06hip.

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To evaluate the effects of bilingual education on minority-language children’s English language and literacy outcomes, we compared grade 1 Chinese-speaking Canadian children enrolled in three different instructional programs (French Immersion, Chinese-English Paired Bilingual, English-only). ANCOVA results revealed that the French immersion children outperformed the other two groups on measures of English phonological awareness and word reading and that the bilingual groups were comparable to monolingual English norms on a test of receptive vocabulary. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine cross-language transfer of skills. French morphological awareness explained unique variance in English word reading and vocabulary for the French immersion group. For the other two groups, Chinese phonological awareness was significantly related to English word reading. Our results suggest that instruction in French or Chinese does not delay the development of early English language and literacy skills for Chinese-speaking children, as the children may be able to leverage skills from their other language to facilitate their English learning. Keywords: Bilingual education; French immersion; cross-language transfer

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Watters, Carolyn A., Graeme J. Taylor, Lindsay E. Ayearst y R. Michael Bagby. "Measurement Invariance of English and French Language Versions of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale". European Journal of Psychological Assessment 35, n.º 1 (enero de 2019): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000365.

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Abstract. The alexithymia construct is commonly measured with the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), with more than 20 different language translations. Despite replication of the factor structure, however, it cannot be assumed that observed differences in mean TAS-20 scores can be interpreted similarly across different languages and cultural groups. It is necessary to also demonstrate measurement invariance (MI) for language. The aim of this study was to evaluate MI of the English and French versions of the TAS-20 using data from 17,866 Canadian military recruits; 71% spoke English and 29% spoke French as their first language. We used confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) to establish a baseline model of the TAS-20, and four increasingly restrictive multigroup CFA analyses to evaluate configural, metric, scalar, and residual error levels of MI. The best fitting factor structure in both samples was an oblique 3-factor model with an additional method factor comprised of negatively-keyed items. MI was achieved at all four levels of invariance. There were only small differences in mean scores across the two samples. Results support MI of English and French versions of the TAS-20, allowing meaningful comparisons of findings from investigations in Canadian French-speaking and English-speaking groups.

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Olefir, Hanna, Ivan Deineko y Iryna Deineko. "Gender Identification in French: from Ideology to Morphology". PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, n.º 38 (2020): 32–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2020.38.03.

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The spread of the feminitives (gender-marked nouns) is a modern trend of the language development resulting from the social processes. It is taking place within systemic identification and validation of the woman in texts. The history of sociolinguistic opposition of the French-speaking society to the use of feminitives andtext feminization has significant differences between various French-speaking countries, a subject researched by linguistics, sociolinguistics and geolinguistics. The Canadian province of Québec published its recommendations on use of feminitives as early as in 1979; later they were elaborated, refined and expanded. Swiss Geneva passed provisions for the feminisation of professions in 1988; a respective guide was developed in 1991. Respective Belgian regulations were introduced in 1993. However, all the French-speaking countries recognise France’s right to take any final decision regarding questions of the French language. The country had a waiting attitude and made its first steps towards gender identification in 1984, while the big changes that attracted the attention of the society took place in 1998. Since then detailed revision of the language policy became regular aiming at securing a strong position in the modern world. In 2018, the use of feminitives was ordered to be obligatory in the legal documents. French academic circles stress that “the natural evolution” of the language is taking place.

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Olefir, Hanna, Ivan Deineko y Iryna Deineko. "Gender Identification in French: from Ideology to Morphology". PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, n.º 38 (2020): 32–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2020.38.03.

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The spread of the feminitives (gender-marked nouns) is a modern trend of the language development resulting from the social processes. It is taking place within systemic identification and validation of the woman in texts. The history of sociolinguistic opposition of the French-speaking society to the use of feminitives andtext feminization has significant differences between various French-speaking countries, a subject researched by linguistics, sociolinguistics and geolinguistics. The Canadian province of Québec published its recommendations on use of feminitives as early as in 1979; later they were elaborated, refined and expanded. Swiss Geneva passed provisions for the feminisation of professions in 1988; a respective guide was developed in 1991. Respective Belgian regulations were introduced in 1993. However, all the French-speaking countries recognise France’s right to take any final decision regarding questions of the French language. The country had a waiting attitude and made its first steps towards gender identification in 1984, while the big changes that attracted the attention of the society took place in 1998. Since then detailed revision of the language policy became regular aiming at securing a strong position in the modern world. In 2018, the use of feminitives was ordered to be obligatory in the legal documents. French academic circles stress that “the natural evolution” of the language is taking place.

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Marcotte, Karine, Marie-Pier McSween, Monica Pouliot, Sarah Martineau, Anne-Marie Pauzé, Catherine Wiseman-Hakes y Sheila MacDonald. "Normative Study of the Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies (FAVRES) Test in the French-Canadian Population". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, n.º 8 (18 de agosto de 2017): 2217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-17-0012.

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PurposeThe Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies (FAVRES; MacDonald, 2005) test was designed for use by speech-language pathologists to assess verbal reasoning, complex comprehension, discourse, and executive skills during performance on a set of challenging and ecologically valid functional tasks. A recent French version of this test was translated from English; however, it had not undergone standardization. The development of normative data that are linguistically and culturally sensitive to the target population is of importance. The present study aimed to establish normative data for the French version of the FAVRES, a commonly used test with native French–speaking patients with traumatic brain injury in Québec, Canada.MethodThe normative sample consisted of 181 healthy French-speaking adults from various regions across the province of Québec. Age and years of education were factored into the normative model.ResultsResults indicate that age was significantly associated with performance on time, accuracy, reasoning subskills, and rationale criteria, whereas the level of education was significantly associated with accuracy and rationale.ConclusionOverall, mean scores on each criterion were relatively lower than in the original English version, which reinforces the importance of using the present normative data when interpreting performance of French speakers who have sustained a traumatic brain injury.

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Dion, Léon. "Les enjeux de la réforme du Sénat". Les Cahiers de droit 25, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2005): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042592ar.

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The proposed reform of the Senate has not originated from widespread public demand but from the determination of Prime Minister Trudeau to proceed with the revision of the Canadian Constitution without further delay. In view of the refusal of the government of Quebec to sign and recognize the Constitution Act, one may question the advisability of such a move. The author proposes that before proceeding to a reform of the Senate, one should amend the constitutional revision procedure adopted in 1982 so as to recognize more fully the Canadian duality and to modify the amending formula in a way more satisfactory to Quebec. As to the Senate reform itself, a mechanism for the election of Senators is proposed, as well as two principles of a « double majority » : a first constituted of French-speaking and English-speaking Senators for a better protection of the French language, and a second made up of the Senators from Quebec and from the other provinces to deal with matters of education, culture, social affairs, communications and immigration.

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Schmid Mast, Marianne, Denise Frauendorfer y Laurence Popovic. "Self-Promoting and Modest Job Applicants in Different Cultures". Journal of Personnel Psychology 10, n.º 2 (enero de 2011): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000034.

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The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of the recruiter’s cultural background on the evaluation of a job applicant’s presentation style (self-promoting or modest) in an interview situation. We expected that recruiters from cultures that value self-promotion (e.g., Canada) will be more inclined to hire self-promoting as compared to modest applicants and that recruiters from cultures that value modesty (e.g., Switzerland) will be less inclined to hire self-promoting applicants than recruiters from cultures that value self-promotion. We therefore investigated 44 native French speaking recruiters from Switzerland and 40 native French speaking recruiters from Canada who judged either a self-promoting or a modest videotaped applicant in terms of hireability. Results confirmed that Canadian recruiters were more inclined to hire self-promoting compared to modest applicants and that Canadian recruiters were more inclined than Swiss recruiters to hire self-promoting applicants. Also, we showed that self-promotion was related to a higher intention to hire because self-promoting applicants are perceived as being competent.

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33

Tremblay, Dominique, Thomas G. Poder, Helen-Maria Vasiliadis, Nassera Touati, Béatrice Fortin, Lise Lévesque y Christopher Longo. "Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Patient Self-Administered Financial Effects (P-SAFE) Questionnaire to Assess the Financial Burden of Cancer in French-Speaking Patients". Healthcare 8, n.º 4 (25 de septiembre de 2020): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040366.

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People living with and beyond cancer (PLC) experience financial hardship associated with the disease and its treatment. Research demonstrates that the “economic toxicity” of cancer can cause distress and impair well-being, health-related quality of life and, ultimately, survival. The Patient Self-Administered Financial Effects (P-SAFE) questionnaire was created in Canada and tested in English. The objective of this study is to describe the processes of translation and cultural adaptation of the P-SAFE for use with French speaking PLC in Canada. The Canadian P-SAFE questionnaire was translated from English to French in collaboration with the developer of the initial version, according to the 12-step process recommended by the Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) Consortium. These steps include forward and backward translation, a multidisciplinary expert committee, and cross-cultural validation using think-aloud, probing techniques, and clarity scoring during cognitive interviewing. Translation and validation of the P-SAFE questionnaire were performed without major difficulties. Minor changes were made to better fit with the vocabulary used in the public healthcare system in Quebec. The mean score for clarity of questions was 6.4 out of a possible 7 (totally clear) Cognitive interviewing revealed that lengthy questionnaire instructions could be confusing. Our team produced a Canadian-French version of the P-SAFE. After minor rewording in the instructions, the P-SAFE questionnaire appears culturally appropriate for use with French-speaking PLC in Canada. Further testing of the French version will require evaluation of psychometric properties of validity and reliability.

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McCulloch, Michael. "The Death of Whiggery: Lower-Canadian British Constitutionalism and the tentation de l’histoire parallèle". Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 2, n.º 1 (9 de febrero de 2006): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031034ar.

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Abstract The Constitutional Act of 1791 was sought to create in Lower Canada a community whose social and political values reflected the basic assumptions of late-eighteenth-century Whiggery. These included representation of interest rather than of individuals, the importance of the "due" weight of property, and the organic nature of the British constitution. These values of "Liberty and Property" constituted the focus of the emotional and cultural image of the British Constitution. For the British Lower Canadians of the 1830s, these values were not fossilised remnants. Rather, they formed a coherent framework that made legitimate their conflict with the French-Canadian majority for control over politics. The influence of organised Constitutionalism did not disappear with the Act of Union of 1841. In the opening years of the union, anglophones identified with the Constitutionalist party which dominated both opposition and government in Canada East. They remained an influence until midcentury. Indeed, the final disintegration of Constitutionalism as a defensible basis for British Lower-Canadian politics was not the result of the inevitable triumph of La Fontaine's Responsible Government. Because they strongly identified, not simply with Britain, but with specific elements of British society, English-speaking Lower Canadians responded to changes in British political society. “La tentation de l'histoire parallèle” ensured that the Irish Repeal agitation and the Free Trade campaign would disrupt the assumption of a united British "interest." After the 1840s, the disproportionate power of British-Canadian élites in Lower Canada was based on their influence among the leaders of political parties rather than a collective identity rooted in the values of ''Whiggery.''

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Bakker, Peter. "Relexification in Canada: The Case of Métif (French-Cree)". Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 34, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1989): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100013505.

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Métif is a language spoken in the Canadian prairie provinces and the American prairie states bordering Canada. There are probably between 3000 and 5000 people who speak Métif as their first language, most of them of advanced age. They are living mostly in scattered Métis settlements. The Métis are a nation of mixed Amerindian and European descent. From the 17th century on French Canadian fur traders and voyageurs travelled west-wards from French Canada. Many of them married Amerindian women, who were often Cree speaking. Around 1860 the Métis were the largest population group of the Canadian West, many of them multilinguals. From the first decades of the 19th century the Métis started to consider themselves as a separate ethnic group, neither European nor Amerindian (see e.g., Peterson and Brown 1985). The Métis are still a distinct people. The Métis nowadays often speak Cree, Ojibwa, Métif, French and English or a combination of these. They often speak particular varieties of these languages. Not only is the French spoken by the Métis markedly different from other North American French dialects the language called Métif is uniquely spoken among the Métis people. For more information on Métif and Métis languages, see the publications listed in Bakker (1989).

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TUOKKO, HOLLY A., PAK HEI BENIDITO CHOU, STEPHEN C. BOWDEN, MARTINE SIMARD, BERNADETTE SKA y MARGARET CROSSLEY. "Partial measurement equivalence of French and English versions of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging neuropsychological battery". Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 15, n.º 3 (mayo de 2009): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617709090602.

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AbstractNeuropsychological batteries are often translated for use across populations differing in preferred language. Yet, equivalence in construct measurement across groups cannot be assumed. To address this issue, we examined data from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging, a large study of older adults. We tested the hypothesis that the latent variables underlying the neuropsychological battery administered in French or English were the same (invariant). The best-fitting baseline model, established in the English-speaking Exploratory sample (n = 716), replicated well in the English-speaking Validation sample (n = 715), and the French-speaking sample (FS, n = 446). Across the English- and FSs, two of the factors, Long-term Retrieval and Visuospatial speed, displayed invariance, that is, reflected the same constructs measured in the same scales. In contrast, the Verbal Ability factor showed only partial invariance, reflecting differences in the relative difficulty of some tests of language functions. This empirical demonstration of partial measurement invariance lends support to the continued use of these translated measures in clinical and research contexts and illustrates a framework for detailed evaluation of the generality of models of cognition and psychopathology, across groups of any sort. (JINS, 2009, 15, 416–425.)

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37

Bouchard, Louise, Marc Renaud, Odile Kremp y Louis Dallaire. "Selective Abortion: A New Moral Order? Consensus and Debate in the Medical Community". International Journal of Health Services 25, n.º 1 (enero de 1995): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/tgde-kmap-6jyg-0t8n.

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The authors discuss the results of a survey of the attitudes of Canadian and French (Picardie, Nord-Pas de Calais) physicians toward selective abortion of fetal anomalies detected by ultrasound, amniocentesis, or chorionic villus sampling. The study documents the threshold of acceptability of abortion of fetuses with selected anomalies, as well as the physicians' own perceptions of their role in the decision to abort. While there was no consensus among all Canadian physicians regarding the acceptability of abortion, more than 55 percent from France and Quebec would accept selective abortion of a fetus affected with trisomy 21, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, Huntington's chorea, or spina bifida. In the province of Quebec, Anglophone physicians showed a greater acceptance of abortion than did their French-speaking colleagues. In reference to the physician's role in the decision to abort, French physicians are more directive than North American physicians. Cultural predispositions may explain these differences in attitudes.

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38

Major, Francine A., Jacinthe I. Pepin y Alain J. Légault. "Nursing Knowledge in a Mostly French-Speaking Canadian Province: From Past to Present". Nursing Science Quarterly 14, n.º 4 (octubre de 2001): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08943180122108508.

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39

Houndjahoué, Michel. "Essai sur l’étude de la coopération bilatérale entre le Canada et l’Afrique francophone 1961-1981". Études internationales 13, n.º 2 (12 de abril de 2005): 263–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701350ar.

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We have divided the evolution of bilateral cooperation between Canada and the French-speaking countries of Africa into three major phases. During the first phase, which lasted from 1961 to 1968, Canadian aid was slight and discontinuous. The second phase, from 1969 to 1975, was characterized by a remarkable increase of the CIDA 's activities. That period was specially influenced, on the one had, by the rudeau and Chevrier missions and, on the other hand, by the reconsideration of Canada's foreign policy during the 1970's. The third phase, from 1975 to 1981, was arked, among other things, by what one could call industrial cooperation, that is cooperation between « project-countries » and « program-countries ». We have tried to analyse the main characteristics of each of those three phases, while striving to « link » them to the socio-economic and political context of Canada and the French-speaking countries of Africa.

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40

Cherygova, Anastasiia. "Henri-Dominique Lacordaire in the Canadian ultramontane philosophy". DIALOGO 7, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2021): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51917/dialogo.2021.7.2.12.

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When the ultramontane bishop of Saint-Hyacinthe in Canada invited the French Dominicans to his diocese, he requested help from their leader, another French-speaking ultramontane, Reverend Father Henri-Dominique Lacordaire, O.P., who restored the Dominican Order in France after a long ban on religious orders. However, there seemed to have been a paradox at the heart of this invitation. Lacordaire was an extremely controversial figure in both secular and Catholic French circles, mostly due to his rocky relationships with the French episcopacy, his unconventional preaching style and especially his political opinions, including his admiration for republicanism and the Anglo-American political system. Theoretically, all this would put him at odds with Canadian ultramontanes. They were rather opposed to the growing politically liberal forces in Canada specifically and to the Anglo-American politico-philosophical system in general. So why would Canadian ultramontanes ask help from a man so seemingly different from them politically? Our hypothesis is that what united Lacordaire and Canadian ultramontanes was more significant than what divided them - notably, both parties were concerned about opposition to Catholicism coming from State officials, as well as about the menace of irreligion among the growing bourgeois class. Therefore, both were keenly interested in advancing the cause of Catholic education to combat these worries. To prove our hypothesis we would employ methodology based on personal writings and biographical accounts of actors involved in the arrival of Dominicans to Canada, as well as on historical analysis effectuated on connected topics, like the ultramontane scene in Canada, French missionary activity in North America, etc.

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Fink, Dean. "Schools as Centres of Change Not Centres of Blame: Constructing Bridges Between Policy and Practice". LEARNing Landscapes 1, n.º 2 (2 de enero de 2008): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.36510/learnland.v1i2.257.

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Many years ago, Hugh MacLennan (1945) described the relationship between French and English speaking Canadians as "two solitudes." This paper contends that there are "two solitudes" in education that threaten the very essence of state-supported education. It will argue that policy makers have made schools the centres of blame and have adopted policies that fail to account for the realities of schools, teachers and students. It will also suggest ways to bridge the gap between policy and practice and develop schools as centres of change.

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42

Farley, Nathalie, Louise Demers y Bonnie R. Swaine. "Développement d’une version canadienne-française du Montgomery Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale". Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 27, n.º 2 (2008): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cja.27.2.181.

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ABSTRACTAssessing the burden linked to caring for the frail elderly is becoming an important issue in rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to translate/validate the Montgomery Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale into French for use in Canada. This easy-to-use questionnaire evaluates aspects of burden such as objective, subjective stress and subjective demand burden. The instrument underwent: 1) parallel translation/back-translation; 2) expert's committee review leading to an experimental version; 3) pre-test to ensure wording clarity; and 4) study of psychometric properties with bilingual subjects (n = 27) and French-speaking subjects (n = 18). Results suggest that convergence between the original and the French versions is satisfactory for two of the three sub-scales of the MBCBS (ICC 0.83 et 0.96). The test-retest stability coefficients are also very good (ICC of 0.92 et 0.91), as is internal consistency (0.90, 0.66). The objective burden sub-scale correlates moderately with a measure of functional autonomy (SMAF). Results for the subjective burden scale linked to demand are, however, inadequate. All in all, two of the three sub-scales of the French-Canadian version of the Montgomery Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale demonstrate adequate psychometric properties, thereby favouring its use in geriatric rehabilitation.

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43

Goulet, J. P., G. J. Lavigne y J. P. Lund. "Jaw Pain Prevalence Among French-speaking Canadians in Quebec and Related Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders". Journal of Dental Research 74, n.º 11 (noviembre de 1995): 1738–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345950740110401.

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44

DiTommaso, Enrico, Joanne Turbide, Carmen Poulin y Bryn Robinson. "L'ÉCHELLE DE SOLITUDE SOCIALE ET ÉMOTIONNELLE (ÉSSÉ): A FRENCH-CANADIAN ADAPTATION OF THE SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL LONELINESS SCALE FOR ADULTS". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 35, n.º 3 (1 de enero de 2007): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.3.339.

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Although there exist many psychological measures in the English language, few of these clinical and research instruments have been translated into French and subsequently validated. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate L'Échelle de Solitude Sociale et Émotionnelle (l'ÉSSÉ). L'ÉSSÉ is a French translation of the short form of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S; DiTommaso, Brannen, & Best, 2004; DiTommaso & Spinner, 1993). The SELSA is a multidimensional scale which measures the social and emotional components derived from Weiss' (1973) typology of loneliness. A total of 252 French-speaking individuals, aged between 17 and 79 years, completed the new measure. Reliability and validity assessment indicated that l'ÉSSÉ displays excellent psychometric properties.

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Boberg, Charles y Jenna Hotton. "English in the Gaspé region of Quebec". English World-Wide 36, n.º 3 (19 de octubre de 2015): 277–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.36.3.01bob.

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This paper reports on the first-ever linguistic study of the variety of English spoken in the Gaspé region of eastern Quebec, which is 86 percent French-speaking. An on-line survey was used to gather data from 200 participants on 58 phonological, grammatical and lexical variables, drawn mostly, for comparative purposes, from earlier research on Canadian and Quebec English. The analysis, focusing on data from the 124 participants who still live in the Gaspé region, produces a complex linguistic portrait of the community. It displays a unique mixture of Canadian, Quebec, Maritime and rural features, reflecting its location near the boundary between Quebec and New Brunswick, with evidence of both convergence with and divergence from Quebec English as spoken in Montreal. It also shows more frequent use of several Gallicisms, or borrowings from French, suggesting that this effect of language contact is encouraged by its minority status.

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Warmuzińska-Rogóż, Joanna. "Od przekładu do twórczości, czyli o quebeckich feministkach, anglokanadyjskich tłumaczkach i przekładowym continuum". Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 24, n.º 40 (30 de junio de 2018): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.24.2018.40.04.

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From Translation to the Writing: On the Quebec Feminists, Anglo-Canadian Women Translators and the Translation ContinuumThe article presents the unique relationship between French- and English- -speaking translators in Canada, which has resulted in a great number of interesting translation phenomena. The author makes reference to the distinction between feminist translation and translation in the feminine, derived from literature in the feminine, both widely practiced in Quebec. One of the representatives of this trend was Suzanne de Lotbiniere-Harwood, mostly French-English translator, known for her translations of Nicole Brossard’s works. Her activity, as well as that of other translators, contributed to the spread of the idea of translation in the feminine among Canadian writers and theoreticians. What is more, their cooperation has resulted in the creation of the magazine Tessera and in the emergence of a range of phenomena on the borderline between translation and literature. This relationship is also a rare example of the impact of “minor literature”, which is the literature of Quebec, on the English-language Canadian literature.

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Cooper, W. E. "Aesthetics in Canada: The State of the Art". Dialogue 26, n.º 1 (1987): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300042347.

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Opuscula Aesthetica Nostra is a pioneering publishing effort, blazing a trail which specialists in other philosophical fields should consider following. It purports to represent what is happening in aesthetics throughout English-speaking and French-speaking Canada today, and in consequence it is an intriguing exercise in Canadian bilingualism. It purports also to show, as co-editor Calvin Seerveld says in the Preface, that “aesthetics deserves its own bona fide place in the national market place of ideas”; so the editors have reprinted strong previously published papers, in addition to soliciting new material on the occasion of the Tenth International Congress of Aesthetics held in Montreal in 1984. The result is a satisfying pot-pourri of ideas.

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Makropoulos, Josée. "Jacqueline Lindenfeld, The French in the United States: An ethnographic study. Westport, Conn.: Bergin & Garvey, 2000. Pp. xiv + 184. Hb $55.00." Language in Society 31, n.º 1 (enero de 2002): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404502291058.

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The French in the United States offers valuable insight on processes of identity formation among French-born individuals living permanently in the US. The book's title foreshadows the ambiguity of how the French in America are defined in objective terms, as well as their subject positioning as members of an ethnic group. For instance, Lindenfeld cautions against relying on the criterion of ancestry used in census-based rankings to study the French presence in the United States, since census identification includes people of various national origins and does not distinguish the number of intervening generations since departure from France. The limitations of the native use of the French language as a valid indicator of direct French origin neglects the fact that native speakers of French who reside in the US often possess Canadian or Caribbean lineage. Although Lindenfeld does not say so directly, relying on native use of French to identify direct immigrants from France would equally exclude the possibility of identifying French citizens who do not speak French as their first language, as well as those who were raised speaking two or more languages. Another concern raised in the book is the broad significance of the label “French American,” traditionally used to identify Americans of French ancestry, such as Cajuns in Louisiana. The designation currently enjoys a certain popularity among French immigrants because it offers a direct parallel with other immigrant groups, such as Italian Americans.

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Zunzunegui, M. V., A. Koné, M. Johri, F. Béland, C. Wolfson y H. Bergman. "Social networks and self-rated health in two French-speaking Canadian community dwelling populations over 65". Social Science & Medicine 58, n.º 10 (mayo de 2004): 2069–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.08.005.

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50

Bourgeois-Marcotte, Josiane, Maximiliano A. Wilson, Martin Forest y Laura Monetta. "TEFREP: Épreuve de répétition de phrases en franco-québécois. Développement, validation et normalisation". Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 34, n.º 3 (16 de junio de 2015): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980815000173.

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ABSTRACTSentence repetition is part of the assessment tasks used to better characterise aphasic patients’ oral production. Moreover, impaired sentence and phrase repetition is a core feature of the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia. The aim of this study is to present the TEFREP (TEst Français de RÉpétition de Phrases), a French sentence repetition task that manipulates psycholinguistic variables known to affect the performance of aphasic patients. The final version of the TEFREP consists of 24 sentences in which length, semantic reversibility and type of sentence have been manipulated. The task shows good psychometric properties (validity and reliability). Norms according to age and education level have been developed from a sample of 80 healthy adults and older adults. In conclusion, the TEFREP fulfills the current need for a reliable assessment tool of sentence repetition in Canadian French-speaking populations and contributes to the differential diagnosis of language impairment.

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