Tesis sobre el tema "Carbonatation minérale"
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Tremblay, Joniel. "Optimisation de la carbonatation minérale de divers résidus miniers ultramafiques". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30117/30117.pdf.
Texto completoLechat, Karl Dominique. "Séquestration géologique du CO₂ par carbonatation minérale dans les résidus miniers". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26930.
Texto completoMineral carbonation in ultramafic mining wastes is a safe and permanent way to sequester atmospheric CO2. This process can occur naturally and passively, and does not require special treatment, which is interesting from an economical point of view. In the context of a carbon market, mining companies could obtain carbon credits and profit financially and environmentally from their residues. However, there is currently insufficient information to accurately assess the potential for natural and passive CO2 sequestration in mining waste piles. It is therefore necessary to study the phenomenon to understand how the reaction evolves over time and estimate the amount of CO2 that can be naturally sequestered in these structures. Several research studies have focused on the ultramafic milling wastes at Thetford Mines (Quebec, Canada), and have particularly focused on laboratory experiments. The results have improved our understanding of the mineral carbonation process in milling waste, but they need to be tested at larger scales and under real atmospheric conditions. The general objective of this study is to quantify the mineral carbonation process in mining waste under natural conditions, and to estimate the amount of CO2 that can be trapped by this process. The methodology is based on the construction of two experimental cells of milling waste located at the Black Lake mine (Thetford Mines). The magnesium-rich milling wastes mainly consist of poorly sorted grains and fibers of lizardite and chrysotile, with smaller amounts of antigorite, brucite and magnetite. Spatial and temporal observations were made in the cells, including measurements of the composition and pressure of gas, soil temperature, volumetric water content, waste mineralogy as well as water chemistry of rain and of the cell leachate. The observations showed evidence of a significant depletion of CO2 gas concentrations (< 50 ppm) and precipitation of hydromagnesite in the milling waste, suggesting that natural and passive mineral carbonation is a potentially important process in milling wastes. After four years of observations, the CO2 sequestration rates in the experimental cells were estimated at between 3.5 and 4 kg/m3/year. These observations have led to the development of a conceptual model of natural and passive mineral carbonation at the cell scale. In this conceptual model, atmospheric CO2 (~ 400 ppm) dissolves in the hygroscopic water contained in the cells where the weathering of magnesium silicates forms magnesium carbonates. Water saturation in the cells was relatively stable over time and varied between 0.4 and 0.65, which is higher than optimal saturation values proposed in the literature, reducing CO2 transport in the unsaturated zone. Gas-phase CO2 concentrations along with gas flow rate measurements in the cells suggest that the reaction is most active close to the surface and that diffusion of CO2 is the dominant transport mechanism in the wastes. Although the carbonation reaction is exothermic, no evidence of thermal convection has been observed in the experimental cells. A numerical model was used to simulate the identified coupled processes and to validate the conceptual model with field observations. The numerical model MIN3P, for multiphase and multi-component reactive transport problems, was used to complete 1D simulations which included water infiltration through the partially-saturated column, gas diffusion, and advective-dispersive reactive mass transport. Although the calibrated moisture content and leachate composition were quite close to field observations, the simulated sequestration rate is 22 times lower than the measured rate. The simulation results also suggested that carbonates would precipitate mainly near the surface whereas field observations suggest that mineral carbonation had occurred throughout the vertical profile. This significant difference could be explained by an insufficient supply of CO2 in the simulated cells, which is the limiting factor for mineral carbonation, suggesting that gas advection, which was not considered in the simulations, could have been important. It is concluded that gas mobility generated by barometric pressure fluctuations and water infiltration, as well as wind effects, likely played a significant role for CO2 supply within the cells and should be considered in future simulations.
Bonfils, Benjamin. "Mécanismes et verrous de la carbonatation minérale du CO2 en voie aqueuse". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7920/1/bonfils_partie_1_sur_2.pdf.
Texto completoDufaud, Fabien. "Etude expérimentale des réactions de carbonatation minérale du C02 dans les roches basiques et ultrabasiques". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GLOB0010.
Texto completoMineral storage of carbon dioxide in the form of geologically stable carbonates is an option for mitigating the atmospheric CO2 increase. The purpose of this thesis has been to study carbonate formation in basic and ultrabasic rocks under high pressure high temperature possible CO2 injection conditions. First, data on siderite dissolution, a reaction limiting CO2 mineral storage, have been acquired by x-ray absorption spectroscopy under high pressures and high temperatures. A dissolution rate law, an activation energy and solution speciation data are given. These experiments have allowed to test the potential for these kinds of studies of batch microreactors mounted on synchrotron beamlines. Then, a laboratory experiment aimed at mimicking CO2 injection in basic and ultrabasic rocks at 90°C and 280 bar CO2 pressure is shown. Carbonatation by dissolution/precipitation of peridotites, basalts and serpentinites yields zoned siderites/ankerites/magnesites with mineral storage rates, depending on the substrate rock, of few percents per year. Finally, in order to study cases with high carbonatation rates, an experimental study on olivines, pyroxenes and serpentines has been relalized at 400-500°C and 1-1. 7 kbar. Mineral storage rates of several percents per hour have been measured. The importances of water fugacities and salinities have been evidenced and a stoichiometric coupling between carbonate production and olivine serpentinization has been shown. A methodology based on carbon isotopic analyses has been developed for establishing mass balances. It suggests that small but significant quantities of reduced carbon are formed in these experiments
El, Mansour Nadia. "Caractérisation physico-chimique de la carbonatation minérale des résidus miniers ultramafiques de la région de Thetford Mines, Québec". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33851.
Texto completoSissman, Olivier. "Séquestration minérale du CO2 dans les basaltes et les roches ultrabasiques : impact des phases secondaires silicatées sur le processus de carbonatation". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GLOB0001.
Texto completoTurri, Laura. "Stockage du CO2 par carbonatation minérale de l’olivine : étude du procédé global pour la valorisation des produits de la réaction et la séparation des particules de chromite par flottation". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0067/document.
Texto completoThis work deals with the study of direct carbonation of olivine in solution, for the chemical transformation of CO2 emitted by the industries. The influence of operating conditions is evaluated in order to optimize the yield of the reaction. However, for environmental acceptability and economic viability of the project, the beneficiation of recoverable metals and products is considered. Chromite particles contained in olivine are unreactive during the carbonation reaction: the separation is developed by flotation upstream of the reaction. According to the results, the extraction of chromite by magnetic separation is also conceivable. Gravimetric separation by sedimentation is considered to recover residual olivine in the reaction products, in order to recycle them in the carbonation process. Products sieving allowed to concentrate carbonates (less than 40 µm) and silica (between 40 and 106 µm). However, the co-precipitation of mixed carbonates due to the presence of iron and nickel included in the magnesium matrix, compromises the purification and the optimal valorization of the solids. Moreover, the formation of a passivation layer on the particles surface limits the conversion of olivine. Pretreatment of olivine is envisaged for the leaching of nickel in ammoniac solution. Besides, preliminary dissolution of olivine and selective precipitation of species with pH control of the solution can be an interesting alternative for higher carbonation extent and more efficient purification of the products
Younsi, Akli y Akli Younsi. "Carbonatation de bétons à forts taux de substitution du ciment par des additions minérales". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717844.
Texto completoYounsi, Akli. "Carbonatation de bétons à forts taux de substitution du ciment par des additions minérales". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LAROS342/document.
Texto completoCement is the main source of environmental impacts of concrete use. It is thus recognized that the most pragmatic solution for minimizing environmental impacts of concrete is the reduction of the cement content. This could be achieved by replacing a part of cement by mineral additions such as fly ash or blast-furnace slag during concrete mixing.The present work aims at studying the physico-chemical phenomena occurring during the process of carbonation of concrete mixtures with high substitution rates of cement by mineral additions and their resistance against this type of attack.An experimental campaign was conducted on reference concrete mixtures prepared with common cements and on other concrete mixtures, called “Écobétons” (Green concretes), prepared by replacing a part of cement by fly ash or blast-furnace slag. The study focused on the Écobétons durability, especially their resistance against carbonation, on the equivalence of Écobétons performances with the reference mixtures performances and on the composition and microstructure parameters controlling the kinetics of carbonation. Carbonation has been studied in natural and accelerated conditions. The results show that Écobétons mixtures with high substitution rates of cement by fly ash (50 %) and blast-furnace slag (75 %) could replace, in some cases, concretes that are in accordance with the current standard.In addition to the experimental study, numerical simulations of the coupling between hydration and drying were conducted in order to determine the effect of drying on the properties controlling the accelerated carbonation kinetics of the studied concrete mixtures (porosity, Portlandite content and water saturation degree). The results show that the kinetics of drying increases with the degree of substitution of cement by mineral additions. They also question the relevance of the preconditioning of the samples during accelerated carbonation test conducted according to the French standard XP P 18-458
Bertin, Matthieu. "L’impact du séchage au jeune âge sur la carbonatation des matériaux cimentaires avec additions minérales". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1034/document.
Texto completoNowaday, low clinker content binders are used more and more often. But the kinetics reactions of the supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) are slower than this one of clinker. If the curing conditions are not adapted, material will have a bigger pore structure and becomes more sensitive to the ingress of aggressive species from the environment like the CO2 or Cl-. Carbonation is one of main phenomena which can lead to decrease the life time of reinforced concrete structure. Indeed, it leads to a decrease of pore solution pH which leads to the depassivation of rebar. Then these rebars can be corroded if the conditions are appropriate.The aim of this thesis is to study the impact of carbonation at early age for binder with a low clinker content. This study was composed of two aspects: the first one is focus on the impact of hydration and carbonation on the transport properties and the water vapour sorption isotherms (WVSI), and the second one is focus on the impact of coupling hydration – drying-carbonation on the microstructure and the pore structure. For the first aspect, the studied transport properties was O2 diffusivity, water vapour diffusivity, water liquid permeability which are inputs for carbonation modelling and the intrinsic gas permeability which is a durability factor. For the second aspect, the coupling impact was measured by TGA and DRX to determine the phase assemblage; moreover Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and hydrostatic weigh were carried out to measure the change in the pore structure. The studied materials were cement pastes and concretes with water to binder ratio of 0.57 with one of the following binders: CEM I, CEM I +30% PFA and CEM I + 60% GGBS.For the first part, results show that a curing time between 3 days and 6 months has a low impact on the WVSI for the CEM I paste. Whereas, in the CEM I +60% GGBS paste, when the curing time increases, the water content increases (for a RH=65%, tcuring=3 days and for tcuring=6 months ), this is due to the increase of the C-S-H content. Moreover, carbonation leads to decrease the water content and the hysteresis becomes flat. Additionally, carbonation leads to increase the intrinsic gas permeability. For the second part, the results show that the use of SCM decreases the carbonation resistance and this resistance increases with the curing time. Carbonation of Portlandite, C-S-H and aluminates occurs in the same time. Moreover, the CEM I +60% GGBS paste are more sensitive to the carbonation of C-S-H and aluminates than the CEM I paste. Indeed, the molar variation of CaCO3 to the molar variation of Portlandite ratio has a value around 3.5 for the CEM I +60% GGBS and 1.8 for the CEM I. Finally, carbonation leads to decrease the water saturation degree at the surface of sample. Indeed, the degree of saturation at the surface of the sample increases from 50% to 35% after carbonation for the CEM I paste and from 50% to 5% for the CEm I +60% GGBS paste. This decrease can be explained by the decrease of the BET specific surface which is divided by 2 after carbonation. It is due to the decalcification of C-S-H. Although carbonation leads to a decrease of porosity, this one is too small in this case to counter this effect
Regnault, Olivier. "Etude de la réactivité de minéraux purs en présence de CO2 supercritique. Mesure de la cinétique carbonatation de la portlandite". Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004063.
Texto completoHe efficiency of geological CO2 storage will rely on trapping mechanisms and good sealing properties of the caprock and the eventual ac wells on the long term. A series of experiments has been devised to observe and quantify the reactivity of portlandite with supercritical CO2 The portlandite has been chosen as a key component of calcium-rich cement for its interest in borehole cement degradation. Initial carbona rates have been measured under different conditions: pressure 160 bar, temperatures 80, 120, and 200° C and with various amount of water SEM observations show that the reacting fluid state (absence or presence of liquid phase) controls strongly the carbonation behaviour an reaction path. A specific geochemical model has been developed in order to account for the particular conditions of our experiments. The results (portlandite carbonation rate and water-poor geochemical system modelling techniques) should be useful to simulate wellbor degradation
Regnault, Olivier. "Étude de la réactivité de minéraux purs en présence de CO2 supercritique : mesure de la cinétique de carbonatation de la portlandite". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004063.
Texto completoSaillio, Mickaël. "Interactions physico-chimiques ions-matrice dans les bétons sains ou carbonatés : influence sur le transport ionique". Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1033/document.
Texto completoCarbonation and chloride ingress are the main causes of reinforced concrete degradation. A lot of studies describe these two phenomena separately but only few studies state a possible coupling. However, the coupling of both phenomena exists. The corrosion of reinforcement due to chloride ions occurs more often in marine environments or in the presence of deicing salts while carbonation occurs systematically, in a more or less high degree depending on environmental conditions (humidity, temperature…). The aim of this thesis was to quantify the different phases of the cement matrix and its chloride binding by means of chloride binding isotherms for carbonated and non-carbonated cement based materials. These chloride binding isotherms, obtained by the equilibrium method, showed that the partially or totally carbonated cement matrix are bound fewer chlorides than the non carbonated ones. Complementary techniques such as the thermogravimetry (TGA), the X-rays diffraction (XRD) and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses were used and allowed to understand why this binding decrease occurs. A decrease of Friedel's salt and chlorides bound in the C-S-H was showed in the carbonated materials. These decreases were quantified and are due to a modification of the phases containing chloride (such as aluminates, sulfo-aluminates and C-S-H phases) during carbonation process. The porous network, was observed by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), was also modified (decrease of the macroporosity and the connectivity for carbonated cement matrix due to formation of calcium carbonate). The other aim was to correlate all these modifications with the ions transport properties. Chloride diffusion and migration tests (with or without sulfates) were obtained as well as the measurements of electric resistivity. The experimental results showed that the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient is higher in the carbonated cement materials. Some diffusion tests were performed in presence of both chlorides and sulfates, which showed the competition of these two ions to bind on the cement matrix. Cement materials (concrete and cement paste) were designed without or with supplementary cementing materials (metakaolin, fly ash, slag) and the properties of these materials were followed at different curing time
Allahyari, Ilgar. "Approche performantielle des bétons : vers une meilleure caractérisation des indicateurs de durabilité". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30119/document.
Texto completoThe manufacturing of cement, by its clinkering process, is very energy-consuming and emits an important quantity of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (1 ton of clinker produced 1 ton of CO2 released into the atmosphere). To maximize this latter from an environmental point of view, it is necessary to reduce the cement content. This can be done by replacing part of the cement with mineral additives during the manufacturing phase. This substitution seems one of the most effective solutions allowing, at the same time, to decrease the energy consumed and to reduce the release of CO2 into the atmosphere. This study is part of a more comprehensive development project of concrete building binary matrices (cement + mineral additives) based on transfer properties criteria. Indeed, in order to answer certain sustainability requirements, an experimental campaign was conducted on concrete, made according to the new European standard (EN 206) that allows two methods of formulation: * a traditional prescriptive approach, based on limiting values for the composition (minimum binder content, maximum water to binder ratio, compressive strength class...) of concrete exposed to some aggressive environmental conditions, * an innovative method based on a performance approach for concrete properties. The present work aims at studying the physico-chemical properties of cementitious materials with high substitution rates of cement by mineral additions (limestone filler, fly ash, slag, metakaolin) derogating from the prescriptive approach with reference to concrete corresponding to the same standard. This comparison was made with general durability indicators (water porosity, oxygen permeability, chloride migration coefficient and portlandite content) and specific durability indicators: carbonation in natural and accelerated conditions. From a methodological point of view, the research carried out in the framework of this project has shown the interest of the performance-based approach with regards to the concrete formulation. But at the moment, the available tools, namely the general and specific indicators, are not sufficient to respond to all these types of concrete. However, considering the performance, economic and environmental criteria, laboratory results showed that concrete made according to a performance-based approach had a performance close to reference concrete and the standard prescription could still be reassessed
Saillio, Mickaël y Mickaël Saillio. "Interactions physico-chimiques ions-matrice dans les bétons sains ou carbonatés : influence sur le transport ionique". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777946.
Texto completoColtat, Rémi. "Interactions fluides-roches-déformation durant l’exhumation mantellique dans les marges hyper-étendues, la nappe de Platta, Alpes suisses". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1B020.
Texto completoFluid-rock interactions are widespread processes on earth including divergent settings from hyper-extended margins to oceanic ridges. There, mantle rocks are exhumedto the seafloor thanks to detachment faults. In the same time, the inception of mafic magmatism occurs during asthenosphere partial melting. Coupling between activemagmatic and tectonic processes triggers hydrothermal circulation in exhuming mantle rocks. This leads to several alterations like: i) the serpentinization of mantle rocks, ii) theformation of Cu-Zn-Fe-Co-Au-Ag-rich hydrothermal mineralized systems and iii) the carbonation of mantle rocks. Mineralization represents critical resources for our technological and societal needs. Hence, studies dealing with ore-forming processes applied to oceanic hydrothermal systems are essential to unravel where and how mineralization forms. However, in present-day oceanic domains, the study of these systems is limited by the bad observation conditions at the seafloor. Hence, one way tofully understand these systems is to turn on fossil analogs preserved on-land. We adopted this strategy here and focused on a Tethyan ophiolite preserved in the Platta nappe where subsequent Alpine metamorphism and deformation had minor effect on oceanic geometries. Sulfide mineralization somewhat similar to this formed in oceanic settings occurred where the magmatic buget was high enough to trigger hydrothermal circulation. The mineralization displays peculiarities (presence of Fe-Ca-silicates, association with mafic intrusions) indicating it corresponds to the root zone of present-day mineralized systems.Geochemical signatures of the mineralization (Co/Ni ratio decrease, Se contentincrease) suggests it formed from hydrothermal fluid mixing with seawater. Subsequently, mantle rocks and basalts recorded a carbonation event under hydrothermal temperatures at about 90-130°C. Syn-tectonic carbonation was the result of serpentinized-derived fluids mixing with seawater at the serpentinite-basalt interface. These alterations reported in mantle rocks from the Platta nappe are the legacy of the diversity of fluid-rock interactions in hyper-extended margins