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MILLER, J. J., D. F. ACTON, and R. J. ST. ARNAUD. "THE EFFECT OF GROUNDWATER ON SOIL FORMATION IN A MORAINAL LANDSCAPE IN SASKATCHEWAN." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 2 (1985): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-033.
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The results of this study indicate the importance of groundwater flow and water table depth on the genesis, characteristics and distribution of soils within a hummocky morainal landscape. Non-saline and non-carbonated soils in upland depressions can be attributed to "depression-focused" recharge by snowmelt and snowmelt runoff in the spring, as evidenced by deep sola and/or eluvial horizons. Non-saline and carbonated soils on lower slopes adjacent to depressions are associated with local discharge and/or lateral flow from the adjacent groundwater mounds under the depressions in spring, as well as upward flow in the summer resulting from water use by phreatophytes such as willows, creating a water table depression around the slough fringes. Saline and carbonated soils at low elevations are associated with shallow and rather stable water tables, and local discharge from surrounding uplands. Soil types on uplands are more dependent on slope position and infiltration than on depth to water table or groundwater flow. Non-saline soils of different profile types occur on mid- and upper slope positions. These areas have a deep water table with mainly recharge or lateral flow occurring in the saturated zone. The infiltration of surface runoff water in upland depressions is the dominant factor influencing the distribution of soluble salts in this hummocky landscape. Key words: Water table, landscape position, recharge, discharge, soluble salts, soil genesis, morphology, carbonate soil
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Yi, Yaolin, Martin Liska, Cise Unluer, and Abir Al-Tabbaa. "Carbonating magnesia for soil stabilization." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 8 (2013): 899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0364.
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This paper investigates the potential for carbonating reactive magnesia (MgO) to serve as a more sustainable soil stabilization method by providing rapid and significant strength development of the stabilized soil through absorbing substantial quantities of CO2. Gaseous CO2 was forced through laboratory-prepared reactive MgO-treated soil samples in a triaxial cell set-up, and their resulting mechanical and microstructural properties were investigated using unconfined compressive strength, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that adequately carbonated MgO-treated soils could, in a few hours, reach a similar strength range to corresponding 28 day Portland cement (PC)-stabilized soils. Hydrated magnesium carbonates, namely nesquehonite and hydromagnesite–dypingite, were the main products of the carbonated MgO in the soil, and were responsible for the significant strength development.
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Amira, Kessab Guimeur Kamel Cheiakh Moamed Omar Laouar Samiha. "Soil organic matter and carbonates facing radioactive metal pollution." Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 9, no. 2 (2025): 162–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15298946.
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Pollution from uranium, thorium, and radium poses significant environmental and public health risks. This study examines two regions with distinct soil types: carbonated and marshy soils. Soil samples were selected based on carbonate (28.83% and 9.79%) and organic matter content (22.6% and 1.8%). The research aims to evaluate the role of carbonates and organic matter in retaining radioactive elements and to identify which metal (thorium, uranium, or radium) is most retained. The methodology included physicochemical soil analysis and sorption experiments, varying pH and organic carbon (humic acid and biochar). Results show that thorium has the highest adsorption affinity due to the stability of its solid compounds. Uranium and radium exhibited lower retention, with behavior varying by soil type. The study also compared recalcitrant and active organic matter, revealing that both carbonates and organic matter significantly enhance soil depollution. However, acidic organic materials, unlike basic ones, do not improve metal retention. Instead, they promote metal breakdown, increasing bioavailability and plant uptake. These findings suggest that biochar application could effectively remediate soils contaminated with radioactive elements, offering a sustainable agricultural solution. This approach reduces pollution while improving soil health and crop safety.
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Shore, Margaret L., Harrison G. Hughes, Frank D. Moore, and Danny H. Smith. "170 DRIP IRRIGATION OF PLASTIC-MULCHED STRAWBERRY USING CARBONATED WATER-A GREENHOUSE STUDY." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 453c—453. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.453c.
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Carbonated water (CW) application has enhanced yields of tomato. However, little is known about the mechanism of this response. Our objectives were to determine if strawberry would respond to CW application and the effect of soil pH modification on the expression of a yield response. Two different soils were used; a calcareous soil (5% CaCO3, pH 7.9), with a Zn content 0.8 ppm and a non-calcareous soil (< 1% CaCO3, pH 6.5) with a Zn content 8.8 ppm. The carbonated water temporarily lowered the pH of the calcareous soil to 6.7 and the non-calcareous soil to 5.9, at both extremes of the optimal range (6.0-6.7) for strawberry. Application of carbonated water increased production of marketable fruit as compared to the tap water control on both soils, and the magnitude of the response to CW was similar for both soils. Soil and water treatment effects on leaf tissue Zn levels will also be discussed.
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Gasanov, Vilayat, and Bahadur Ismailov. "Diagnostics and Soil Forming Characteristics of Alluvial-Meadow Soils of Ganykh-Ayrichay Valley, Azerbaijan." Natural Systems and Resources, no. 1 (July 2020): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2020.1.5.
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This study is devoted to the influence of ecological conditions on soil forming and improving the nomenclature of alluvial-meadow-forest soils in the flood plains of the subtropical forest-shrubby zone within Azerbaijan. On the basis of detailed soil mapping, the primary areal of soil units and the structure of soil cover were determined in the area of the Ganykh-Ayrichay valley. The spatial distribution of primary soil units, genetic features and diagnostic indexes (extend of bedding and development of the soil profile, thickness of the decomposedaccumulative layer, content of humus, total nitrogen, base saturation, particle size distribution, etc.) of stratified and typical suborders of alluvial-meadow-forest soils are identified. The turbidity and content of the weighted deposits of stream water is determined using regime-measurements. The weighted deposits contain a considerable amount of humus (1.2–1.8%) and its water soluble part, total nitrogen (0.09–0.13%) which significantly affects the morphogenetic diagnostics of the above described soils. The status of the humus content is characterized by a high activity, in which humic acid (15.3–20.8%) and fulvic acid (16.2–22.5%) dominate significantly, while the third fraction riches to 1.23–2.30% in the selective-group content. The ratio of Ch.a.:Cf.a. reaches to 0.88–0.93 in the leached soil profile (5.8–6.0), while reaching to 1.19–1.32 in carbonated soils (7.3–7.5). The total chemical composition of soils shows that the profile of leached soil is characterized by increasing the SiO2 (60.2–64.0%) content and sesquioxides (Al2O3=17.6–19.5%, Fe2O3=8.5–10.3%) and the carbonated suborders contain more CaO (7.1–9.2%). The active form of iron (Fe3+=182–496; Fe2+=56–123 mg 100 g soil) hints the insufficiency content in carbonated soils.
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Liu, Song-Yu, Guang-Hua Cai, Guang-Yin Du, Liang Wang, Jiang-Shan Li, and Xing-Chen Qian. "Field investigation of shallow soft-soil highway subgrade treated by mass carbonation technology." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 58, no. 1 (2021): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2020-0008.
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The innovative carbonation technique based on reactive MgO and CO2 has been identified as an environmentally friendly and efficient method in the improvement of weak soils. Previous laboratory studies have indicated that carbonated MgO-admixed soils had significant improvement in mechanical properties. However, there are to date limited investigations on the soft-soil field application of this technique. In this study, a field trial was conducted to ascertain the feasibility of the MgO mass carbonation technique in improving shallow soft-soil subgrades. A series of field tests, including temperature, dynamic cone penetrometer, and light-weight deflectometer tests, were undertaken. The results indicated that compared with uncarbonated soil layers, there was two to three times increase in dynamic resilient moduli and soil resistances of carbonated MgO-admixed soils. The outcomes of this field investigation will contribute to the utilization of the combined stabilizer of MgO and CO2 and the mass carbonation technology in subgrade improvement.
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Bouajila, A., and T. Gallali. "Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Aggregate Stability in Carbonated and No Carbonated Soils in Tunisia." Journal of Agronomy 7, no. 2 (2008): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ja.2008.127.137.
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Bauduin, Christophe. "Behaviour and Geotechnical Risks of some Problematic Soils in Semi-arid Areas." Bulletin des Séances - Mededelingen der Zittingen 62, no. 1 (2019): 83–110. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2601293.
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Soils in semi-arid regions may behave in significantly different ways than apparently similar soils in temperate climates. High risks may occur when extrapolating the behaviour of well-known soils in temperate climates towards apparently similar soils in semi-arid conditions. Such so-called “problematic soils” need to be properly identified and their specific behaviour acknowledged in design and construction methods to avoid geotechnical failures and large-scale losses. The present paper describes the basic properties, identification methods, engineering behaviour and risk mitigation for three typical problematic soils: expansive clays (as an example of soils that exhibit volume change when wetted or dried), carbonate soils (as a typical example of soils in which the particles are crushable) and evaporites (as an example of soils that dissolve).
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Cai, G. H., Y. J. Du, S. Y. Liu, and D. N. Singh. "Physical properties, electrical resistivity, and strength characteristics of carbonated silty soil admixed with reactive magnesia." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 11 (2015): 1699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0053.
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Soil electrical resistivity has been used quite extensively for assessing mechanical properties of chemically treated soils in the recent past. One of the most innovative applications of this technique could be in the field of ground improvement wherein carbonated reactive magnesia (MgO) is employed for treating soils. With this in view, a systematic study that targets the application of electrical resistivity to correlate physical and strength characteristics of the carbonated reactive MgO-admixed silty soil is initiated, and its details are presented in this manuscript. To achieve this, reactive MgO-admixed soils were carbonized by exposing them to CO2 for different durations, and subsequently their electrical resistivity and unconfined compressive strength were measured. In this context, the role of a parameter, the ratio of the initial water content of the virgin soil to reactive MgO content (designated as w0/c), has been highlighted. It has also been demonstrated that w0/c is able to correlate, uniquely and precisely, with the physicochemical parameters of the soils (viz., unit weight, water content at failure, porosity, degree of saturation, and soil pH), electrical resistivity, and unconfined compressive strength at various carbonation times. In addition, microstructural properties have been obtained from the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry analyses. These properties have been used to substantiate the findings related to the carbonation of the reactive MgO-admixed soils.
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Kyrylchuk, Andrii, Roman Malik, and Sergiy Doroshkevich. ". MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS SOILS OF THE BELIGATIVE STRUCTURES OF THE KAMIANETS-PODILSKYI KAMIANETS-PODILSKYI STATE HISTORICAL RESERVE MUSEUM." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 51, no. 2 (2021): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.21.2.4.
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The article presents micromorphological descriptions of soil profiles of key areas of the research territory. The results of micromorphological analysis and synthesis of selected soil samples are illustrated. For the first time the process-and-genetic features of urborendzins of beligerative structures were studied through the evaluation of their micromorphological structure.
 Urborendzins of the beligerative landscape complex of the Kamianets-Podilskyi State Historical Preserve Museum are intrazonal biolithogenic polygenetic soils with complex phylogeny exposed to a long-term anthropogenic influence. It is important to establish their genesis, which is accompanied by a number of obstacles caused by the significant amplitude of the soil profile, morphological features, physical-and-chemical features and the presence of buried horizons in such soils. To solve the problem of age and ontogenesis staging of urborendzins, along with comparative-and-geographical, we use a complex paleopedological method with active application of micromorphological analysis, which allows to establish process-and-genetic features of soils by diagnosing elementary soil processes according to sustainable features at the micro level of solid phase formation.
 Micromorphological structure evaluation makes it possible to consider soil as a system at the microscopic level and observe the natural flow of soil-forming processes in their interaction and ratio at all morphological levels - from microscopically small volumes of soil mass to soil profile in general. Consequently, micromorphological analysis is a unique one and possesses significant advantages over other methods of physical geography.
 Urborendzins of the object under study have a complex problematic genesis and the use of micromorphological analysis and micromorphological synthesis is acceptable to solve these problems. The evaluation of the micromorphological structure of these soils was carried out for the first time, their micromorphological features were not previously determined as well as the genesis in general. Our micromorphological analysis allowed us to establish the process-and-diagnostic features of the studied soils and shows that in comparison with the background soil, the deposits of the «Day Tower» are more carbonated. Under the conditions of the washing regime, fragments of limestone deposits provide constant involvement of new weathered carbonated material in soil formation processes, which promotes saturation of soil solutions with calcium cations and, accordingly, formation of more stable microaggregation of soil mass and reduction of mobility of silty particles downwards the profile, fixed through by micromorphological researches in the form of the presence of high-order microaggregates. Comparing the background soil with the sediments of the «Day Tower», it can be stated that the agrorendzin typical, in contrast to urborendzin, leached from carbonates, is characterized by the practical absence of microorshteins, humic substances are mainly in a dispersed state and signs of movement of organo-clay substances downwards the profile can be traced much more clearly. This indicates that the background agrorendzin is formed under conditions of active biogenic and accumulative processes, carbonate leaching and illimerization.
 Key words: micromorphological analysis, synthesis, soil, beligerative complex.
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Achour, Yosra, Radhia Souissi, Haifa Tlil, Fouad Souissi, and Mikael Motelica-Heino. "Mobility of Potentially Toxic Elements (Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Sb) in Agricultural Carbonated Soils Contaminated by Mine Tailings (Northern Tunisia): A New Kinetic Leaching Approach with Organic Acids." Water 14, no. 20 (2022): 3337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14203337.
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The present study was carried out to show the potential of root exudates to mobilize potentially toxic elements (PTE) present in rhizospheric carbonated soils. Five different contaminated rhizospheric soils were collected from five former mining districts of northern Tunisia (Jebel Hallouf (H3), Sidi-Bouaouane (B1), Jebel Ghozlane (G7), Hammam Zriba (Z2) and Jalta (J2)). The abundant minerals in these soils are quartz, calcite and clays. These soils contain significant PTE amounts compared to the local geochemical background (LGB). The important concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Sb are, respectively, in the order of 17,350 mg·kg−1 in B1, 37,000 mg·kg−1 in G7, 205 mg·kg−1 in G7, 683 mg·kg−1 in B1 and 145 mg·kg−1 in B1. Kinetic leaching tests were conducted with a mixture of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWAOs) for increasing times up to 16 h (initial pH = 2.8) to study the mobility of PTE in the rhizospheric soils. The results showed an increase in the pH of the solution (2.8) to values up to neutrality together with the increase in Ca and Mg concentrations in the leachate, resulting from the dissolution of carbonates (calcite and dolomite). Additionally, leaching tests showed important extractions of Cd and Zn (25% for Cd and 11% for Zn). Pb was also mobilized but to a lesser extent (5%). The extractability of metalloids (As and Sb) was, in contrast, relatively low, except for Jebel Hallouf and Sidi Bouaouane soils, with an extraction percentage of no more than 1% for Sb and 0.1% for As, respectively. The mobility of Zn, Pb and Cd was thought to be controlled by both the solubility of their host minerals (e.g., sphalerite, hemimorphite, cerussite and jordanite) and the high pH. In contrast, As and Sb mobility was dependent on secondary carrier phases such as iron oxyhydroxides.
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Solodov, I. N., and M. V. Nesterova. "Occurrence of Carbonated Groundwater and Hydrocarbons at the Uranium Deposits of the Khiagda Ore Field (Republic of Buryatia)." Геология рудных месторождений 65, no. 6 (2023): 495–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016777023060096.
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A generalization of unpublished and published data since 1985 on biogeochemical, hydrogeochemical, geochemical, mineralogical studies and soil geochemistry at uranium deposits of the Khiagda ore field in the Vitim uranium ore district made it possible to reveal a genetic relation of deep cold carbonated hydrocarbonate–magnesium groundwater containing dissolved hydrocarbons (HCs) to uranium mineralization and ore preservation. The through penetration of epigenetic HCs was traced from the disintegration zone of basement granitoids through overlying sedimentary ore-bearing and volcanosedimentary rocks up to overlying fractured basalts. The assemblage of clarified rocks–HCs–siderites–uranium phosphates U(IV) was commonly found. Carbonated hydrocarbonate–magnesium groundwater and anomalous HC contents in soils can be additional criteria for identifying the Vitim-type uranium deposits in the Trans-Baikal region.
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Lampreave, Miriam, Assumpta Mateos, Josep Valls, Montserrat Nadal, and Antoni Sánchez-Ortiz. "Carbonated Irrigation Assessment of Grapevine Growth, Nutrient Absorption, and Sugar Accumulation in a Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.) Vineyard." Agriculture 12, no. 6 (2022): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12060792.
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Iron chlorosis is common in vineyards grown on calcareous soils, and consists of a chlorophyll deficiency caused by a disorder in iron nutrition. It is manifested by interveinal yellowing of the youngest leaves and decreased growth and production. Most of the vineyards in Spain are planted on calcareous soils, so iron chlorosis is frequent, even in tolerant rootstocks. In the case of Spain, Tempranillo accounts for 20.8% of the total Spanish wine area, with this red variety being the most planted. The study of iron chlorosis and the availability of nutrients is essential for improving the qualitative balance of the wine, as it is one of the most representative in our country. The aim of this work was to evaluate how carbonated irrigation modifies soil pH and increases the absorption of nutrients, as well as to assess the impact of chlorosis on the physiology of the variety and the composition of the grape. In the first instance, a test was carried out on bare soil of calcareous composition, evaluating three different levels of carbonated water, and seeing what response it gave to the pH level. The result showed that the dose of 400 ppm of CO2 provided the optimal pH. Subsequently, in a potted soil, the dose of 400 ppm of CO2 was evaluated on the variety cv. Tempranillo, in three different compositions of calcareous soil. Results showed that carbonated irrigation increased the levels of chlorophyll impacting on primary metabolism (acids and sugar), plant growth, and higher crop yield, improving the optimal grape ripeness. Given that irrigation with 400 ppm CO2 increased the ability to control ferric chlorosis, this strategy could be an easy-to-use alternative to iron-based chelates for preventing Fe deficiency in the grapevine as well as moderating the different levels of iron chlorosis. This strategy could be an alternative to the use of synthetic Fe chelates as EDTA or o,o-EDDHA for preventing Fe chlorosis in susceptible Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard in calcareous soils, with less of a risk to the environment.
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LIU, Jiangying, Dimin XU, Lan XIONG, Colin HILLS, Paula CAREY, and Kevin GARDNER. "Comparison of properties of traditional and accelerated carbonated solidified/stabilized contaminated soils." Journal of Environmental Sciences 20, no. 5 (2008): 593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62099-9.
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Filippov, D. V., I. N. Chursin, A. D. Boyarenkova, and D. D. Rulev. "Results of soil carbonate enrichment research in irrigated areas using remote sensing data." Geodesy and Cartography 986, no. 8 (2022): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2022-986-8-39-44.
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The authors discuss a soil carbonate enrichment problem in the Volgograd region. These processes cause a decrease in yield and require timely identification and assessment of manifestation extent. Observing of large irrigated areas is very difficult. Therefore, the possibilities of monitoring soil carbonate enrichment processes using the analysis of Earth remote sensing data are becoming relevant. The aim of this work is to research the relationship of soil carbonate enrichment with the spectral characteristics of the surface obtained from the data of the “Resurs-P” ultra-high resolution satellite. Using the image from “Resurs-P”, the standard spectral indices were calculated. Most effective ones were selected, having the highest correlation with the degree of soil carbonization, determined from the compared field samples. Through geographic information systems, space images were marked with areas at the sampling points. Information from those sites was then analyzed using graphical visualization and regression analysis. As a result, a relationship was established between the values of the areas’ spectral brightness in the image from the “Resurs-P” and the level of carbonate enrichment. Based on the identified relationships, the Random Forest classifier was trained, using which a map of carbonated soils distribution in the irrigated territory of the Svetloyarsk irrigation system’s test site was created.
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Comino, Francisco, Víctor Aranda, María J. Ayora-Cañada, Antonio Díaz, and Ana Domínguez-Vidal. "Effect of irrigation water quality on soil properties and infrared spectroscopic signatures." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 17, no. 4 (2020): e1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2019174-14920.
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Aim of study: To study the effect of irrigation with medium-to-low-quality water on an olive farm that seems to be causing salinity and/or sodicity problems in soils, and the ability of infrared spectroscopy to detect this problem.Area of study: The study was conducted in an olive (Olea europaea L.) grove located in Guarromán (Jaen, Spain), on the boundary of the Sierra Morena Mountains and the Guadalquivir Depression.Material and methods: The olive farm is cultivated over two soil typologies, a calcareous area (carbonated) dominated by Regosols and a siliceous area with Leptosols. Typical soil physical and chemical parameters were determined, as well as near and mid infrared spectra were collected for analysis.Main results: Soil physical properties were affected by irrigation, with low infiltration rates and symptoms of structural degradation. Chemical properties were also altered, showing high pH, low amounts of organic carbon and N, and high sodium concentrations. These effects were stronger in the samples directly affected by the irrigation bulb, with the siliceous soils more affected than carbonated, probably due to the positive effect of the higher amounts of calcium in the latter. Using infrared spectroscopy, it was possible to discriminate the samples of this farm affected by sodicity from similar soil samples in Jaen province not affected.Research highlights: the use of medium-to-low quality irrigation water affected soil physical and chemical properties. Infrared spectroscopy could be useful for quick assessment of soil quality and soil degradation from salinity and sodicity.
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Aguilar, Manuel Jimenez. "Adsorption and Sequestration of Dissolved Carbon and Nitrogen from Carbonated Urine to Mineral Soils." Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 12, no. 2 (2018): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjes.2018.90.97.
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Bedard-Haughn, Angela. "Gleysolic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91, no. 5 (2011): 763–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss10030.
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Bedard-Haughn, A. 2011. Gleysolic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 763–779. This review examines the pedogenesis of Gleysolic soils, including how they affect and are affected by land use and climate change. In the Canadian System of Soil Classification, the Gleysolic Order includes all those soils with morphologic features that provide dominant physical evidence of oxidation-reduction processes or gleying. Gley features include dull coloured soil matrices and/or brightly coloured mottles, which arise due to periodic or permanently saturated conditions. Under saturated conditions, oxygen is rapidly depleted and alternative terminal electron acceptors (such as iron, Fe3+) are used by microorganisms in the decomposition of organic matter. Gleysolic soils are found throughout Canada, either in low-lying landscape positions in association with better-drained soil orders (e.g., Prairie Pothole region), or as the dominant soil type where topography and/or a slowly permeable substrate prolong the period of saturation (e.g., Clay Belt of northern Ontario and Quebec). These soils are often highly fertile agricultural land and are commonly drained for production, altering the soil-forming environment. Gleysolic soils have also been found to be potentially significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions due to high levels of denitrification and methanogenesis under their characteristic reducing conditions. Given their economic, ecologic, and environmental significance, further research is required to refine our understanding and classification of Gleysolic soils, particularly with respect to (1) how Gleysols are affected by human- or climate-change-induced changes to the drainage regime (either progressing towards reducing conditions or regressing to a non-redoximorphic state), (2) classification of carbonated and saline Gleysols, and (3) pseudogley versus groundwater Gleysols.
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Yu, Chunyang, Chunyi Cui, Yu Wang, Jiuye Zhao, and Yajun Wu. "Strength performance and microstructural evolution of carbonated steel slag stabilized soils in the laboratory scale." Engineering Geology 295 (December 2021): 106410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106410.
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Choi, Jiyeon, and Won Sik Shin. "Application of aqueous carbonated slags in the immobilization of heavy metals in field-contaminated soils." Environmental Engineering Research 25, no. 3 (2019): 356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2019.101.
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Chimitdorzhieva, E. O., Ts D.-Ts Korsunova, and G. D. Chimitdorzhieva. "Microbiocenosis of Cryofrost Soils in the South of the Vitim Plateau." Агрохимия, no. 8 (August 1, 2023): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0002188123060078.
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The microbial communities in soils of cryomorphoses in the south of the Vitim Plateau have been studied. The objects of study were gley cryoturbated chernozems and humus-quasi-gley carbonated soils. In the course of the study, experimental sites with pronounced cryogenic phenomena were selected. The intensity of microbiological activity was determined by the carbon content of microbial biomass, the number of microorganisms in the dominant groups of microbial communities. Determination of the number of microorganisms in soils was carried out by direct microscopy, which makes it possible to carry out a more accurate count of bacteria in the soil, taking into account adsorbed cells. Cells were preliminarily desorbed on an ultrasonic disperser. The carbon of microbial biomass was determined by the rehydration method. Data were obtained characterizing the direction and intensity of microbiological processes along the horizons of soil profiles of heaving mounds and thermokarst depressions. The number of microorganisms and the dominant groups of bacterial communities of soils formed under the conditions of the ultracontinental climate of Buryatia and relatively close-lying permafrost are presented. It was revealed that bacterial microflora predominates in the soils of heaving mounds and thermokarst depressions. The intra-profile heterogeneity in the distribution of soil microorganisms indicates that, as a habitat, the soil is strongly differentiated in all directions. This differentiation along the vertical of heaving mound and thermokarst depression was reflected in the concept of soil horizons as special ecological niches and the possibility of using microbiological indications of heaving and subsidence occurring during heaving.
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Korsunova, Tsypilma, Erzhena Chimitdorzhieva, Galina Chimitdorzhieva, et al. "Microbiocenosis of the Permafrost Soils of Transbaikalia under Agriculture Use." Agronomy 13, no. 11 (2023): 2740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13112740.
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An understanding of how the involvement of soils in agricultural turnover affects soil microbiocenosis has been attained. The aims of this study were to investigate the number of the main groups of microorganisms in microbial complexes, the carbon of microbial biomass and the enzymatic activity in permafrost soils under the influence of tillage. The presented data can provide an insight into the stability of the microbiome in region’s soils under agricultural influence. The significance of the study lies in obtaining new data on the microbiocenosis of permafrost soils, which will make it possible to reveal the orientation and intensity of microbiological processes during their agricultural use. The study uses the classical methods used in soil science and soil microbiology, which are characterized by accuracy and reliability. The general characteristics of the microbiocenosis of different types of the studied region’s soils have been revealed. The quantity of bacteria, including actinomycetes and fungi, in the studied soils was determined. The variability of indicators in time and space is shown. The number of bacteria was revealed to reach its maximum in the autumn period in grey forest non-podzolised soils, and the indicator decreases in the following manner: forest—10.6 billion cells/g, arable land—5.1 billion cells/g, virgin land—2.6 billion cells/g. The lowest indicator of bacterial abundance—0.5 billion cells/g was found on arable permafrost meadow chernozemic soil. A comparatively low bacterial content is characteristic of chernozem meal-carbonated: 1.9 billion cells/g on virgin land and 2.1 billion cells/g on arable land. The length of actinomycete mycelium is dynamic according to the seasons of the year. The maximum length of actinomycete mycelium was observed in grey forest non-podzolised soil (forest) in the autumn period—830 m/g. The maximum length of fungal mycelium was also observed in grey forest non-podzolised soil (forest) in autumn—1200 m/g. In arable variants, the length of fungal mycelium is high in grey forest non-podzolised soils and meadow permafrost soils. In chernozems and permafrost meadow chernozemic soils (virgin and arable) the index is much lower. Assessment of catalase activity showed that the studied soils are poor or moderately enriched in this enzyme. Relatively high invertase activity was found in all variants.
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El Howayek, Alain, Antonio Bobet, and Marika Santagata. "Microstructure and cementation of two carbonatic fine-grained soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 3 (2019): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0059.
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This paper presents an investigation of the microstructure and cementation of two carbonatic fine-grained soils obtained from a deposit of lacustrine origin formed during the Wisconsin glaciation. The two soils differ in the degree of cementation (with average total carbonate contents of ∼55% and ∼38%), the dominating carbonate mineral (calcite versus dolomite), and the forms of carbonates present. The study is founded on observations of the microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry, and examination of the effects of carbonate dissolution on Atterberg limits and particle-size distribution. In both soils, the majority of the carbonate is in the form of a coating layer on the clay and silt particles, with a thickness less than 2–3 μm, and decreasing in the sample with lower carbonate content. This coating layer “networks” particles and groups of particles. Carbonate cementation impacts the engineering properties of both soils, and the site’s overconsolidation ratio (OCR) profile clearly reflects changes in carbonate content and microstructure. One-dimensional compression tests show that cementation is associated with a moderate degree of structuring, and that the resulting structure is stable, with no complete destructuration occurring even after the effective stress exceeds 10 times the preconsolidation stress.
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Nakvasina, E. N., T. A. Parinova, A. G. Volkov, and L. V. Golubeva. "Soil and Vegetation Heterogeneity in Postagrogenic Restorative Succession in the Middle Taiga Subzone." Экология, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0367059723010080.
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The specific features of the soil–vegetation heterogeneity at the early stages of restorative succession have been studied. These features are determined by biotic and bioinert conditions that were influenced by anthropogenic factors during long-term plowing on azonal carbonated soils in the middle taiga subzone (Kargopol district, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia). In total, 25 full-profile soil sections, 500 soil samples, 125 sites for counting tree and shrub species, 25 standard geobotanical plots, and 250 plots for counting herbaceous species have been studied and analyzed. During the first 15 years of restorative succession on fallow agricultural land, herbaceous vegetation has the highest phytocenotic significance. On the residual calcareous soils of the forest zone, the specialization of ecological properties, i.e., the confinement of species to certain factors is weakly pronounced only in some herbaceous species. The mosaic structure of vegetation cover on a 15-yearold fallow is determined not by the variability of soil properties and the influence of growing tree and shrub species, but by the biological properties of herbaceous plants and their specific requirements for environmental factors. Soil fertility and soil moisture are the main factors that determine the variations of vegetation at this stage.
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Haq, Farid Ul, Faridullah Faridullah, Muhammad Irshad, et al. "Fractionation and Characterization of Metallic Elements in Soils in Land Use Systems." Toxics 12, no. 2 (2024): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12020110.
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Land use has a great impact on soil dynamics. The soils of various land use systems in Central Karakoram have been under immense pressure in the recent past due to certain anthropogenic activities such as land use practices and land use cover changes. These influences have an impact on the spatial distribution of metallic elements (MEs) in the soils of various land uses. Herein, we investigated the occurrence of the MEs, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni), in soils of various land uses such as the permafrost, pasture, forest, and agricultural lands of the Central Karakorum region. The MEs were extracted in exchangeable, adsorbed, organically bound, carbonated, precipitated, and residual forms. The concentrations of MEs showed a significant dependence on the extraction method used, and the extraction trend followed the order of EDTA > HNO3 > KNO3 > NaOH > H2O. Zn showed the highest concentration compared to Ni and Cu in all extractions, whereas the land uses’ ME concentration followed the order of agricultural land > permafrost > forest > pasturelands. The highest values of total Zn, Ni, and Cu were 712 ± 01 mg/kg, 656 ± 02 mg/kg, and 163 ± 02 mg/kg, respectively, in agricultural soil. The ME concentration showed significant variations between different land uses, and the highest concentration was noted in agricultural soil. Zn was found to be a dominant ME compared to Ni and Cu. We believe this effort will provide opportunities for scholars to investigate MEs around the globe.
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Daldoul, Ghassen, Radhia Souissi, Fouad Souissi, Nejib Jemmali, and Hedi Karim Chakroun. "Assessment and mobility of heavy metals in carbonated soils contaminated by old mine tailings in North Tunisia." Journal of African Earth Sciences 110 (October 2015): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.06.004.
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Filippov, D. V., I. N. Chursin, D. D. Rulev, and A. D. Boyarenkova. "Implementation of complex methods of earth’s remote sensing data processing for studying carbonation processes of soils with artificial irrigation." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 28, no. 1 (2023): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2023-28-1-80-91.
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The article represents methodical researh of carbonation processes of agricultural lands based on Earth’s remote sensing data. The research is carried out on the territory of Svetloyarsk irrigationsystem located in Volgograd region. The article considered a set of methodical approaches for complex digital processing of multispectral space survey data and field results. The material on the deciphering features of carbonized lands is generalized and the relationship between the spectral brightness of pixels and the level of carbonation in the fields is established using scatter diagrams. Methods for collecting field data for complex processing together with high-resolution satellite images are determined. The test plots of soils are identified by the level of carbonation with their graphical display on cartographic schemes. The reliability of identifying zones of pixel display of carbonated agricultural lands was determined at the level of 75 %.
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Virto, Iñigo, Maria José Imaz, Alberto Enrique, Willem Hoogmoed, and Paloma Bescansa. "Burning crop residues under no-till in semi-arid land, Northern Spain—effects on soil organic matter, aggregation, and earthworm populations." Soil Research 45, no. 6 (2007): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07021.
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Stubble burning has traditionally been used in semi-arid land for pest and weed control, and to remove the excess of crop residues before seeding in no-tillage systems. We compared differences in soil properties in a long-term (10 years) tillage trial on a carbonated soil in semi-arid north-east Spain under no-tillage with stubble returned and stubble burnt, with the conventional tillage system (mouldboard plough, stubble returned) as a reference. Differences in total soil organic C and C in particulate organic matter, mineralisation potential, soil physical properties (bulk density, penetration resistance, and aggregate size distribution and stability), and earthworm populations were quantified. The effect of stubble burning was absent or insignificant compared with that of tillage in most of the parameters studied. The most significant effect of stubble burning was the change in soil organic matter quality in the topsoil and penetration resistance. No-till plus stubble burning stocked an amount of organic C in the soil similar to no-till without burning, but the particulate organic matter content and mineralisation potential were smaller. Earthworm activity was similar under the 2 no-till systems, although a trend towards bigger earthworms with increasing penetration resistance was observed under the system with burning. Our results indicate that the role of burnt plant residues and earthworms in organic matter accumulation and soil aggregation in Mediterranean carbonated soils under no tillage is of major importance, meriting further attention and research.
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Martín-Sanz, Juan Pedro, Ana de Santiago-Martín, Inmaculada Valverde-Asenjo, José Ramón Quintana-Nieto, Concepción González-Huecas, and Antonio L. López-Lafuente. "Comparison of soil quality indexes calculated by network and principal component analysis for carbonated soils under different uses." Ecological Indicators 143 (October 2022): 109374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109374.
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Mitrofanov, Yu I. "Influence of primary soil cultivation methods and systems on the dynamics of humus in drained soil." Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science, no. 6 (December 26, 2024): 66–72. https://doi.org/10.31857/s2500208224060155.
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The research was carried out on the experimental fields of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (Tver Region). The purpose of the research is to study the influence of soil cultivation techniques and systems on the dynamics of humus in drained soil. The soils of the experimental plots are cultivated sod-podzolic, light loamy, gleyic, formed on a moraine or thin binomial. In 5 experiments in crop rotations, methods of minimizing and deepening the arable layer were studied (plowing and moldless loosening at 28–32 cm, three-tier plowing at 40–45 cm), agro-reclamation methods (reclamation loosening at 50–60 cm, volumetric slitting at a depth of 45–50 cm, ridge plowing at 20–22 cm), agro-reclamation and mixed-depth soil cultivation systems. It has been established that soil cultivation techniques and systems are an important factor influencing the speed and direction of changes in humus content in the soil. Their influence was determined, first of all, by the method, depth and frequency of tillage in crop rotation. Positive results on the dynamics of humus were obtained with ridge, combined and minimal tillage systems with volumetric slicing of the soil. Compared with traditional ridge tillage technology, the humus content in the arable layer increased by 0.23% over 7 years, with combined tillage – by 0.37 and minimum – by 0.46%. In soils on carbonated moraine, positive changes in the dynamics of humus were observed when plowing with a plow with cut-out bodies and during reclamation loosening of the soil. In conditions of complex soil cover, on soils formed on thin soil and moraine, the use of reclamation loosening caused additional difficulties in the formation of a deficit-free balance of organic matter. Reclamation loosening of such soils should be accompanied by liming and an increase in the application rates of organic fertilizers per hectare of crop rotation area, compared to the recommended ones.
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Boussen, Salma, Marilyne Soubrand, Hubert Bril, Kamel Ouerfelli, and Saâdi Abdeljaouad. "Transfer of lead, zinc and cadmium from mine tailings to wheat (Triticum aestivum) in carbonated Mediterranean (Northern Tunisia) soils." Geoderma 192 (January 2013): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.08.029.
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Wang, Dunling, and Darwin W. Anderson. "Pedogenic carbonate in Chernozemic soils and landscapes of southeastern Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 80, no. 2 (2000): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s99-063.
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The objective of this study was to characterize soil carbonates and estimate their accumulation by using a method based on δ13C values of soil carbonate in pedons and landscapes. Dark Brown Chernozem soils of the Amulet Association (with mixed C3 and C4 plants) and native Black Chernozem soils of the Oxbow Association (with a pure C3 plants) were included. Six soil samples representing the Cca and Ck horizons of the Oxbow and Amulet Associations were chosen for detailed pedogenic carbonate studies, which include particle size fractionation, mineralogical identification, surface morphology examination, and stable carbon isotopic compositions analysis on the particle size fractions.X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of the fractionated particle sizes indicated that dolomite dominates the carbonate occurring in the Ck horizons, and is mainly in medium and coarse silt fractions. In the Cca horizons, carbonate in clay and fine silt fractions is mostly calcite, whereas dolomite dominates the carbonates in medium and coarse silt fractions. Calcitic coatings on the surfaces of both silt and sand particles were observed. Stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13Cvalue) of carbonate was −8‰ in the clay fraction of Cca horizons in which carbonate is dominated by calcite. Carbonate in the fine particle size fractions of the Cca horizons is dominated by calcite and has the most depleted δ13C values, indicating that pedogenic carbonate occurs as calcite and mainly in the fine particle size fractions. In contrast, carbonates from coarse silts of Ck horizons were composed solely of dolomite and had the most enriched δ13C values (−1.1 to −1.4‰), a character of lithogenic carbonate. On a landscape basis, carbonate occurs mainly in the Cca horizons in mid- and upper slope soils as a result of moisture movement and ground water fluxes. Soils in the depressions were more leached and contained small amounts of carbonate, mostly in the 60- to 90-cm depth. Calculations from the δ13C values of soil carbonates indicate that about 50–68% of the carbonate in the Cca horizons of middle slope soils is of pedogenic origin, which is equivalent to a CaCO3 storage of 136–188 kg m−2. In contrast, 5 to 39% (0–36 kg m−2 CaCO3) of carbonate stored in the lower slope soils is of pedogenic origin. Thirty-one to fifty percent of the carbonate (equivalent to 100–134 kg m CaCO3) in upper slope soils is of pedogenic origin. Key words: Carbonate, pedogenic, calcite, dolomite, δ13C value, XRD, SEM, landscape
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Larisa, L. Novykh Alexander B. Solovyov Ivan E. Novykh Ekaterina G. Chuikova. "THE INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE CITY OF BELGOROD ON THE ANOMALOUS PROPERTIES OF SOILS WITHIN ITS TERRITORY." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 05, no. 06 (2018): 6114–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1304340.
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<em>The morphological properties and distribution of carbonates in the soils of catena of the city of Belgorod were studied. The morphological compliance the soils with the grey typical carbonate-free was ascertained. However, the soil in the upper part of the slope is characterized by abnormal effervescence due to the ingress of carbonate dust from the chalk mining enterprise. The impact of emissions of the enterprise depends on the slope exposure. At present the classification of the studied soils is deficiently developed. Due to the heterogeneity of carbonate dust on the soil surface and the relief features the change in the types of soil combinations is taking place.</em> <strong>Key words:</strong><em> urban soil, chalky sediments, carbonates dust, soil catena, grey soil, mosaics.</em>
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SEİTKALİ, Nurzikhan, Askhat NAUSHABAYEV, Shynar MAZKİRAT, and Tursunay VASSİLİNA. "Assessing the efficacy of ameliorants on saline-sodic soils: Laboratory insights for reclamation strategies." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE (EJSS) 12, no. 4 (2023): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1331960.
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This study presents the combined findings of laboratory experiments conducted to assess the efficacy of various ameliorants on saline-sodic soils in the foothill plain of Ile Alatau in the Northern Tianshan region. The investigation focused on the influence of phosphogypsum, elemental sulfur, nano sulfur, and sulfuric acid on the ionic composition of the soil solution and their impact on the soil-absorbing complex. Different doses of these ameliorants were applied to saline-sodic soil samples, and their incubation period was observed. The analysis of the aqueous extract of the soil emphasized the presence of bicarbonate, carbonate, sulfate, calcium, and sodium ions. The results revealed that sulfuric acid was the most effective ameliorant, rapidly neutralizing extreme alkalinity, reducing bicarbonate and carbonate ion content, and increasing sulfate and sodium ion concentrations. Elemental sulfur ranked second in effectiveness, significantly decreasing bicarbonate and carbonate ions and increasing sulfate and sodium ions. Phosphogypsum exhibited the lowest effectiveness, causing reductions in bicarbonate and carbonate ions and modest increases in sulfate and calcium ions. The study demonstrated that the introduction of phosphogypsum led to an increase in calcium and sulfate ions in the soil solution, while elemental sulfur and sulfuric acid significantly increased the sulfate ion content. Sulfuric acid exhibited the highest efficacy among the ameliorants, completely neutralizing normal carbonates and reducing alkalinity in the soil solution. The formation of subsoil gypsum through the interaction of sulfuric acid with calcium carbonates facilitated the displacement of sodium from the soil-absorbing complex. These findings contribute to our understanding of the processes involved in the amelioration of saline-sodic soils and provide insights into effective soil management practices. They serve as a theoretical basis for developing strategies for the reclamation of such soils worldwide. The research highlights sulfuric acid as the most effective ameliorant for saline-sodic soils, resulting in a significant rearrangement of the soil's ionic composition. Further research and field studies are necessary to validate and refine these laboratory findings for practical applications in soil improvement methods.
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Vozniakovskii, Alexander, Sergey Kidalov, Aleksei Vozniakovskii, Anatoly Karmanov, Ludmila Kocheva, and Natalia Rachkova. "Carbon nanomaterials based on plant biopolymers as radionuclides sorbent." Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures 28, no. 3 (2020): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1536383x.2019.1686627.
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The technogenic human activities associated with the operation of nuclear power facilities lead to the contamination of natural water bodies and soils with radioactive substances, including heavy radionuclides, such as uranium and thorium. Purification of natural water bodies is a pressing environmental issue. A study of the adsorption capacity for heavy U238 and Th232 radionuclides by the samples of new carbon nanomaterials was conducted. Nanocarbon materials was synthesized based on vegetal polymers, such as technical lignin, starch and from lignocellulosic material—the bark. It was established that the investigated samples have different sorption indices in relation to radionuclides, which is determined by their chemical composition, as well as by the surface-capillary properties of carbonized materials. It is shown that the content of mobile and fixed forms of radionuclides on the investigated sorbents are significantly different. High sorption capacity of the carbonated lignin sample with respect to uranium are shown. A sample of nanocarbon materials synthesized based on the lignocellulosic complex of the bark exhibits high sorption properties in relation to thorium. The possibility of using the carbonic nanomaterial as the sorbents of radionuclides is shown.
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Yu, Chunyang, Jia Yuan, Chunyi Cui, Jiuye Zhao, Fang Liu, and Gang Li. "Ontology Framework for Sustainability Evaluation of Cement–Steel-Slag-Stabilized Soft Soil Based on Life Cycle Assessment Approach." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 7 (2023): 1418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071418.
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Steel slag has become a promising supplementary cementitious material for soft soil stabilization. However, there is a lack of research on the integrated assessment of cement–steel-slag-stabilized soft soils (SCSs) from the performance, environmental, and economic perspectives. In this study, an ontology framework for the sustainable evaluation of SCSs was developed based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, which combined a knowledge base with semantic web rules to achieve an automated decision design for soft soil stabilization, considering comprehensive benefits. The ontology framework was applied to a marine soft soil stabilization case to verify its scientificity and practicability and to evaluate the influence of the fineness, carbonation degree, and substitution ratio of steel slag on the sustainability of SCSs. The results show that, when compared to pure-cement-stabilized soil (S-C), using 10% and 20% of fine steel slag carbonated for 18 h (FSS-C-18h) as cement substitutes can significantly reduce carbon emissions and costs while achieving a similar strength performance as S-C, demonstrating the feasibility of steel slag as a sustainable supplementary cementitious material for soft soil stabilization.
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Sadirov, M. Sh, and E. Sh Turobov. "Pedogenic carbonates in automorphic soils of the subtaiga zone of the southeastern part of Western Siberia." Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University Series "Earth Sciences", no. 2 (June 10, 2025): 27–39. https://doi.org/10.25587/2587-8751-2025-1-27-39.
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Pedogenic carbonates are the main source of soil inorganic carbon, which plays an important role in the exchange of carbon between the soil and the atmosphere. Thus, it has an impact on global climate processes. In addition, this process further arouses interest in the study of carbonates because climate change is considered one of the urgent problems of our time [18]. The article presents the results of a study of pedogenic carbonates in automorphic soils of the subtaiga zone of the southeastern part of Western Siberia. The research was conducted in the south-east of Western Siberia (Tom-Yayskoye interfluve) in the subtaiga natural zone. The processes related to the distribution of carbonate horizons in the soil profile have been studied. Morphological features of carbonate neoplasms, including chemogenic (hypocutanes) and biogenic formations (biofilms with needle-like calcite crystals), have been studied using optical methods and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the influence of microrelief factors on the formation of carbonate horizons in the conditions of the subtaiga zone of the southeastern part of Western Siberia has been assessed. A significant diversity in the distribution of inorganic carbons in soils with a thickness of two meters was established. Regional differences in CaO content were identified: in the Tomsk region, the average CaO content in carbonate horizons is 3.0 – 4.0 %, and in the Kemerovo region – 6 %. This indicates less intensive leaching of carbonates in the southern part of the region. The main form of carbonate neoplasms is hypocutans, which form near the upper line of the carbonate horizon around the root canals. It was shown that the formation of hypocutanes is linked to both the movement of carbonates from deeper layers (perdescendum model) and the stretching of capillary solutions as they dry out (perascendum model). The results obtained are important for understanding the current state of soil carbonate horizons and predicting their changes in a changing climate.
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Kassim, Jabbar K. "Method for Estimation of Calcium Carbonate in Soils from Iraq." International Journal of Environment 1, no. 1 (2013): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v1i1.8524.
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Attempts have been made to evaluate four methods of quantitative determination of soil carbonates. Calcium carbonates equivalent were determined by the acid neutralization, calcimeter and acetic acid methods. Also, it obtains by the fourth methods when the acid neutralization method is corrected against proton adsorption. The acid neutralization method gave significantly higher estimates of total carbonates and different from each of the others. The calcimeter method gave the lower estimates of CaCO3 equivalent. The results showed that the corrected values of CaCO3 equivalent did not differ significantly from other three methods but the overall mean tended to be higher than the acetic acid and calcimeter methods. It may be concluded that the acetic acid method is simple, can reasonably estimate the carbonate content and requires only a pH meter. It can be used for routine determination of soil carbonate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v1i1.8524 International Journal of Environment Vol.1(1) 2013: 9-19
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WATERLOT, Christophe, Christelle PRUVOT, Franck MAROT, and Francis DOUAY. "Impact of a Phosphate Amendment on the Environmental Availability and Phytoavailability of Cd and Pb in Moderately and Highly Carbonated Kitchen Garden Soils." Pedosphere 27, no. 3 (2017): 588–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0160(17)60354-0.
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Jarnuszewski, Grzegorz. "Some physical properties of mursh developed on limnic limestones in NW Poland." Soil Science Annual 68, no. 3 (2017): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssa-2017-0016.
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AbstractPost-bog soils developed on carbonate sediments are closely related to a young-glacial landscape and postglacial lakes. Drainage of biogenic accumulation area leads to a series of transformations in accumulated formations, including the process of decession. The studies conducted in the years 2009–2012 were focused on post-bog soils near lakes: Strzeszowskie, Sitno and Drawskie in Western Pomerania. The examined soils belong to murshic soils and gleysols (The classification of Polish soils). Mursh horizons contained from 0.2 to 43.3% of carbonate and from 27.2 to 77.6% of non-carbonates fractions (Ncf), and varying amount of organic matter depending on the degree of mineralisation. Specific density of surface horizons was in the range from 1.76 to 2.33 Mg·m−3, and bulk density from 0.28 to 0.68 Mg·m−3. Higher porosity was found in mursh organic soils in comparison to gleysols. The studies showed that the content of carbonate fraction was related with specific density, bulk density, porosity and water capacity. Obtained results of physical and physico-chemical analysis indicate that dewatering depth of post-bog soils developed on limnic limestone are reflected in worsened water retention properties and reduced capillary ascent in the upper layers of carbonate formations of gleysols.
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Kurzemann, Felix R., Marina Fernández-Delgado Juárez, Maraike Probst, et al. "Biomass Ash as a Substitute for Lime and Its Impact on Grassland Soil, Forage, and Soil Microbiota." Agronomy 14, no. 7 (2024): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071568.
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In this eight-year grassland field trial, we compared the fertilization effects of biomass ashes (BMAs) and carbonated lime (CaCO3) in combined application with cattle slurry (CS). Our study focused on plant coverage, forage yield, and quality, as well as soil physicochemical and microbiological properties. The fertilization strategies included CS mixed with BMA or CaCO3 applied three times a year and a separate annual application of ash or CaCO3, independent of CS. Samplings were performed in 2010, 2014, and 2018. Despite an absence of observable effects on soil, microbial properties, and forage quality, CS application, with or without BMA/CaCO3, resulted in higher forage yields compared to the unfertilized control and plots receiving only ash or CaCO3. Forage properties remained consistent across treatments. However, the combined application of CS with both ash and CaCO3 led to a reduction in volatile organic compounds, total carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate, and electrical conductivity in the soil from 2010 to 2018. Additionally, the relative abundance of specific microbial families (Nitrosomonadaceae, Acidothermaceae, Bacillaceae, and Peptostreptococcaceae) varied based on whether soils received a single amendment or a combination thereof. Our findings suggest that BMA is a valuable substitute for traditional liming agents, regardless of the application mode.
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Dubé, Jean-Sébastien, Rosa Galvez-Cloutier, and Thierry Winiarski. "Heavy metal transport in soil contaminated by residual light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs)." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 2 (2002): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t01-113.
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This paper presents an experimental study on mixed soil contamination, more specifically on heavy metal behaviour in soil contaminated by residual non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Remediation of mixed contaminated sites is a complex technical goal because of the presence of physically and chemically different contaminants and potential interactions between them. Commonly encountered contaminants in mixed contaminated soils include light and dense organic liquids (LNAPLs, DNAPLs) and heavy metals. This study investigated interactions between three residual LNAPLs and three heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb) in a carbonated soil. The objectives of the study were to (i) establish the presence of interactive processes in the behaviour of the contaminants, with a focus on the influence of residual LNAPL on heavy metal transport and retention; and (ii) determine the nature of these interactions. Results showed that the LNAPL having the highest residual saturation enhanced heavy metal mobility and decreased heavy metal retention by the soil. On the other hand, the geochemical distribution of heavy metals was not significantly modified by chemical interactions with the residual LNAPLs. Specific modifications of Pb and Cu geochemical distributions rather appeared to be the result of modifications of soil hydrodynamics by residual LNAPL.Key words: contaminated soil, mixed contamination, heavy metals, LNAPL, preferential flow, contaminant mobility.
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García-Montero, L. G., I. Valverde-Asenjo, P. Díaz, and C. Pascual. "Statistical patterns of carbonates and total organic carbon on soils of Tuber rufum and T. melanosporum (black truffle) brûlés." Soil Research 47, no. 2 (2009): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08084.
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The ascocarps of several truffle species, such as Tuber rufum, are harvested in T. melanosporum brûlés; these species reduce T. melanosporum production. Some authors argue that this competition might be due to the evolution of organic matter in the soil. However, soil conditions in brûlés have yet to be clarified, and most studies on T. melanosporum fail to supply statistical data. We propose a study of 40 soils to compare the values for total organic carbon (TOC), pH, and carbonates inside the brûlés with the values for the outer edges of the same brûlés, where T. rufum ascocarps are collected. A principal component analysis relates the soils from the inner brûlés with high active carbonate content and soils outside the brûlés with high TOC and total carbonate content. ANOVA analyses indicate that the mean concentration of active carbonate, total CO32–, and % active/total carbonate differ significantly depending on soil location, but there are no significant differences for pH and TOC. These results lead us to propose a new hypothesis: T. melanosporum mycelia may solubilise active carbonate (<50 μm) and the other carbonate fractions (>50 μm) inside the brûlés; however the environmental conditions of the brûlés could favour a secondary carbonate precipitation with a net increase in active carbonate. This increase would counterbalance carbonate losses from leaching, which would in turn favour T. melanosporum mycelia, suggesting a feedback process.
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Gordienko, O. A., and E. A. Ivantsova. "Morphological features of the soil cover of slope lands in the south of the Volga uplands within the urban landscapes of Volgograd." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 106 (March 27, 2021): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2021-106-77-104.
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The paper deals with morphological properties of agrogenically transformed chestnut soils of slope lands in the south of the Volga upland within the urban landscape of Volgograd. It is established that as a result of agrogenesis, erosion, land use change, as well as of agroforestry reclamation measures performed, both anthropogenic deeply transformed and postagrogenic soils have been formed. The greatest changes under the influence of agrogenesis are noted in morphological structure of profiles. Agrogenesis results in degradation of soils involved in active agricultural use due to intensified sheet and rill erosion. In eroded soils there is noticed a decrease in the thickness of agrohumic layer, formation of furrow bottom compaction and changes in structure. Their characteristic feature is the presence on the surface of a homogeneous agro-abraded horizon with lumpy structure, in the lower part of which secondary carbonates inherited from the carbonate horizon and resulted from deep plowing may occur. Soils slightly exposed and not exposed to erosion processes have an agrohumus horizon on the surface, which depending on soil tillage can have thickness from 19 to 36 cm. At present, the annual agricultural practices at the plot include mowing of weeds and disk plowing to 20 cm depth. Earlier moldboard plowing to 40 cm depth was performed. All agrogenically-modified soils are characterized by HCl reaction with carbonates from the surface. Carbonate accumulations in agrogenic soils, as a rule, have a segregated form that indicates rapid summer drying of the profile and short period of soil solutions migration. Upper boundary of accumulative-carbonate horizons of agrogenic soils on the average is at 42 cm depth. Such occurrence of carbonate horizons in general is typical both of natural non-eroded soils of dry-steppe zone and of soils involved in agricultural land use. Under forest plantations the original chestnut soils were transformed into turbated agrozems due to deep ameliorative cultivation preceded planting of woody and shrub vegetation. Soil preparation practices applied before tree species planting resulted in transformation of original chestnut soils into turbated agrozems, which is due to deep (up to 60 cm) soil reclamation. The forest belt, being a “barrier” between the field parts, contributed to the formation of a stratified small horizon (trait) of 10 cm thickness for more than 70 years due to the constant inflow of fine-grained soil and decay of leaf and herbaceous debris.
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Shilova, Irina V., Alena S. Parkhomenko, Anton A. Denisov, Anna O. Kondratieva, and Alexandr S. Kashin. "Ecological features of plant communities containing Globularia bisnagarica L. in the Middle and Lower Volga Region." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 21, no. 1 (2021): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2021-21-1-99-113.
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The present article investigates the plant communities of the Middle and Lower Volga region that contain Globularia bisnagarica L. (G. punctate Lapeyr., G. willkommii Nylan) – the species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Stavropol Krai, the Orenburg, Samara, Saratov and Ulyanovsk Province, and Kazakhstan. The paper provides the geo-botanical description as well as the ecological and coenotic properties of 13 plant communities located in the Middle and Lower Volga region (the Ulyanovsk, Saratov and Samara Provinces). It is shown that the studied communities are confined to the elevated elements of relief where soil erosion usually takes place and bedrock gets exposed. Most communities grow on proto-soils – namely, carbonated. In general, the communities under study include 141 vascular species. In individual communities, the total projective cover fluctuates from 25 to 90%; the number of species varies from 29 to 43. Furthermore, the study subdivides the communities containing G. bisnagarica into 10 types. The level of set similarity is rather low (IBD is mere 19.5%). Finally, based on the bio-morphological content, most species in the studied communities are classified as hemicryptophytes, which is typical for the moderately cold zones of the Holarctic realm. Among trophomorphs, mesotrophs are predominant (62%); while oligotrophs are a third as many.
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Fernandes, Milena, and Evelyn Krull. "How does acid treatment to remove carbonates affect the isotopic and elemental composition of soils and sediments?" Environmental Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2008): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en07070.
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Environmental context. The ability to accurately determine the elemental and isotopic composition of soils and sediments has important implications to our quantitative understanding of global biogeochemical cycles. However, the analysis of organic carbon in solid matrices is a time-consuming task that requires the selective removal of carbonates, a treatment that has the potential to significantly alter the composition of the original sample. In the present work, we compare three of the most common acid treatments used for carbonate removal, and critically evaluate their effect on the content and isotopic signature of organic carbon and nitrogen in both soils and sediments. Abstract. In the present work, we compared the efficacy of three acid treatments in removing carbonates from soils and sediments for elemental and isotopic analysis. The methods tested were (1) refluxing with H2SO3; (2) in situ treatment with H2SO3 in silver capsules; and (3) treatment with HCl followed by rinsing with water. Refluxing with H2SO3 led to substantial losses of organic carbon and nitrogen, but comparatively small nitrogen isotopic shifts. The in situ treatment was inadequate for carbonate-rich samples (contents ≥30%) as a consequence of the formation of a mineral precipitate. Treatment with HCl led to substantial losses of nitrogen from carbonate-rich samples, and deviations in nitrogen isotopic signatures (δ15N) of up to 3.7‰. δ15N values showed no significant difference between acid-treated and untreated samples or between treatments, although variability was high and influenced by sample composition. Carbonate-poor samples showed no statistical difference in δ13C values between treatments, whereas carbonate-rich samples tended to be more 13C-depleted when treated with HCl, potentially suggesting the preferential preservation of 13C-depleted compounds (e.g. lipids or lignin).
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Almanova, Zh S., S. O. Kenzhegulova, R. Kizilkaya, A. T. Zhakenova, D. Yerzhan, and K. Harrison Diri. "MODERN ASSESSMENT OF FERTILITY OF DARK CHESTNUT SOILS OF KAMYSTINSKY DISTRICT OF KOSTANAY REGION." HERALD OF SCIENCE OF S SEIFULLIN KAZAKH AGRO TECHNICAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY, no. 4(119) (December 25, 2023): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.51452/kazatu.2023.4(119).1576.
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The article presents the results of a study on the morphological, nutritional characteristics of arable dark chestnut soils in the Kamystinsky district of the Kostanay region. According to the structure of the morphological profile, dark chestnut soils belonged to medium and low thickness types, where the thickness of the humus horizon A + B1 is noted within the range of 29 - 45 cm in depth. The accumulation of carbonates and ready soluble salts depends on the parent rocks and the grain-size distribution of dark chestnut soils. In dark chestnut immature soil, there are no carbonates along the soil profile, but gypsum is found at a depth of 36 cm. The line of bubbling from hydrochloric acid is different in ordinary and carbonate genus of dark chestnut soil. The humus content is low, in the plough-layer of soils it ranges 1.10 - 3.05%, the supply of nitrate nitrogen is very low, moving forms of phosphorus are medium and low, while potassium content is very high and elevated.
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Kirilov, Ivaylo, Biser Hristov, and Pavel Pavlov. "Soils over Calcareous Rocks in Golo Burdo Mountain." Bulgarian Journal of Soil Science 6, no. 2 (2021): 146–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5767870.
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The paper deals with calcareous soils in Golo Bardo Mountain in western Bulgaria. Until now no significant studies have been made for the soils of Golo Bardo Mountain. Our goal was to give assess data for their soil features, characteristics, main diagnostic indicators and properties in order to define the soil formation processes, as well as their complete morphological description. Eight soil profiles were studied in different parts of the mountain. Due to the carbonate soil-forming rocks, the leaching processes in these soils are extremely weak and it is usually difficult to distinguish the individual genetic horizons. In relation to the soil-forming carbonate rocks in the area, we distinguish two main soil units. The studied soils are Leptosols or Phaeozems with good fine-granular structure, dark humus horizon (mollic) and shallow soil profile Ak-ACk-CRk, lying on hard or weathered carbonate rock. In the studied mountain area with different elevation, the surface mollic horizon is usually shallower and very often eroded with fragments from calcareous rock. The soils are well stocked with organic matter. The amount of organic carbon in the surface A horizon varied from 7.4 % to 2.8%. The calcium dominates in exchange capacity of the soil over all other cations. There is no exchange acidity in these soils, except small amounts in the soil surface and in litter. The content of carbonates is an important soil-forming feature of these soils.
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Ahmad, Waqar, Balwant Singh, Ram C. Dalal, and Feike A. Dijkstra. "Carbon dynamics from carbonate dissolution in Australian agricultural soils." Soil Research 53, no. 2 (2015): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14060.
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Land-use and management practices on limed acidic and carbonate-bearing soils can fundamentally alter carbon (C) dynamics, creating an important feedback to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Transformation of carbonates in such soils and its implication for C sequestration with climate change are largely unknown and there is much speculation about inorganic C sequestration via bicarbonates. Soil carbonate equilibrium is complicated, and all reactants and reaction products need to be accounted for fully to assess whether specific processes lead to a net removal of atmospheric CO2. Data are scarce on the estimates of CaCO3 stocks and the effect of land-use management practices on these stocks, and there is a lack of understanding on the fate of CO2 released from carbonates. We estimated carbonate stocks from four major soil types in Australia (Calcarosols, Vertosols, Kandosols and Chromosols). In >200-mm rainfall zone, which is important for Australian agriculture, the CaCO3-C stocks ranged from 60.7 to 2542 Mt at 0–0.3 m depth (dissolution zone), and from 260 to 15 660 Mt at 0–1.0 m depth. The combined CaCO3-C stocks in Vertosols, Kandosols and Chromosols were about 30% of those in Calcarosols. Total average CaCO3-C stocks in the dissolution zone represented 11–23% of the stocks present at 0–1.0 m depth, across the four soil types. These estimates provide a realistic picture of the current variation of CaCO3-C stocks in Australia while offering a baseline to estimate potential CO2 emission–sequestration through land-use changes for these soil types. In addition, we provide an overview of the uncertainties in accounting for CO2 emission from soil carbonate dissolution and major inorganic C transformations in soils as affected by land-use change and management practices, including liming of acidic soils and its secondary effects on the mobility of dissolved organic C. We also consider impacts of liming on mineralisation of the native soil C, and when these transformations should be considered a net atmospheric CO2 source or sink.
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Shamrikova, E. V., E. V. Vanchikova, E. V. Kyzyurova, and E. V. Zhangurov. "Methods for Measuring Organic Carbon Content in Carbonate Soils (Review)." Почвоведение, no. 3 (September 18, 2024): 394–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0032180x24030027.
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In world practice, the measurement of the mass fraction of carbon of organic compounds (Corg) in soils containing carbonates is carried out in various ways. An analysis of methods that allow solving this problem was carried out, including the latest approaches: thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, spectroscopy. It has been shown that the presence of CaCO3 does not prevent the use of the dichromatometric method (Tyurin, Walkley-Black) for determining Corg. The disadvantages of the method boil down to the laboriousness of the analysis, the need for constant presence of the operator, incomplete oxidation of organic compounds and environmental pollution. The method of measuring soil mass loss-on-ignition (LOI) is economical and rapid, but it gives an overestimated Corg content, which is associated with the inadequacy of the conversion factor of 1.724, the presence of adsorbed and chemically bound water, as well as mineral components decomposing at T = 105–550°С. The most relevant solution for finding Corg in carbonate soils is to use an analyzer and a calcimeter, although the accuracy of Corg measurements in the presence of carbonates is significantly reduced due to the quadratic summation of the errors of the two methods. The high cost of the device, maintenance, verification and repair limit its widespread use in soil laboratories. To measure the content of soil carbonates, it is possible to use both gravimetric (LOI) and volumetric (calcimeter) methods. The use of the latter is preferable for soils with a predominance of CaCO3 in carbonate composition. Preliminary removal of carbonates from soil samples is labor-intensive and can lead to partial loss of Corg due to acid extraction. The high cost of instruments and the lack of libraries of soil spectra hinder the development of vis-NIR and MIR spectroscopy as an alternative to “wet” chemistry methods. Continuing comparative studies will improve the understanding of the spatial patterns of distribution of carbon in soil organic compounds.