Literatura académica sobre el tema "Catalan people"

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Catalan people"

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Julià-Muné, Joan y Imma Creus. "PHONETIC VARIATION IN CATALAN: THE NEW DICCIONARI DE LA PRONÚNCIA CATALANA (DPC)". Catalan Review 19, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2005): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.19.8.

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The forthcoming Diccionari de la pronúncia catalana (DPC) aims to represent the recommended pronunciations and the pronunciations in common use of the four varieties of Catalan as spoken in Spain, that is, North Western, Valencian, Central, and Balearic. Compiled in collaboration with phoneticians from the Valencian area and the Balearic Islands, it contains about 170,000 entries and over 750,000 pronunciations, more than 10,000 of which have been verified through usage polls. The culmination of over fifteen years’ work, the dictionary is modelled mainly on J.C. Wells’ Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (1990; 2000, 2nd ed.) for English. The DPC includes a full general vocabulary as well as literary, scientific and technological terms (covering computing, law, medicine, and communications), and specific vocabulary of the four Catalan varieties. It also contains Catalan and foreign proper names (people, places, commercial, artistic, etc.), loanwords and neologisms, as well as abbreviations, acronyms, and onomatopoeias. In addition the DPC includes biographical and terminological information relating to the phonetic sciences.
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Rivero, Ángel. "The new Catalan nationalism". Review of Nationalities 10, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pn-2020-0009.

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Abstract In this article, I have shown how Catalan nationalism mutated in the last years. Since 1979 Catalonia enjoyed unprecedented political self-government, however, its polítical autonomy was not enough for the independence movement, With the economic crisis of 2008, they declared that the time of independence has finally arrived, and in 2017 a bizarre independence that lasted a few seconds was proclaimed. Catalan nationalism was traditionally pragmatic, but since then, this is no longer the case. It converted to a new nationalism that in the name of a democracy of the people divided Catalonia by antagonism. As I have shown, the new Catalan nationalism is today a populism of secession.
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Kozhanovsky, A. N. "How Do the Spaniards and the Russians Treat the Term «Catalan People»". MGIMO Review of International Relations, n.º 3(18) (28 de junio de 2011): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2011-3-18-216-221.

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Górnicka, Weronika. "Catalan brinkmanship tool for political rivalry in Spain". Review of Nationalities 7, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2017): 375–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pn-2017-0012.

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Abstract The aim of this article is to analyze the independence activities undertaken by the Catalan government in the context of the brinkmanship strategy and the assumptions of game theory based on “the game of chicken”. It allows us to put the issue of Catalan’s claims in a different context than to refer to political, historical or cultural grounds for self-determination. By adopting this approach to the problem and putting it in the field of political competition at central and national level, it is possible to expose the elements that treat the whole problem as a political game, rather than a real endeavor to reach a consensus between the parties and finally solve the problem. In addition, from the point of view of party interests, it is beneficial that the problem of Catalan independence, absorbing much public attention, continues to function in the political sphere and in the consciousness of the people.
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Bielsa, Esperança. "From ‘the people’ to the crowd: The push for independence in Catalonia". Social Science Information 60, n.º 3 (17 de junio de 2021): 395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/05390184211021354.

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This article examines the sociological value of Elias Canetti’s work on crowds and power. It explores crowd action and imagery in the push for Catalan independence through the analysis of materials published on Twitter by Tsunami Democràtic, which emerged to coordinate the response to the sentencing of Catalan political leaders after the unilateral declaration of independence. It then goes on to discuss how a crowd-based approach offers a supplementary perspective to contemporary studies of populism, on the one hand, and to accounts that primarily focus on the role of social media in organizing political protest movements, on the other. An analysis of crowds not only avoids both methodological holism and methodological individualism. It also helps to understand why so many people were mobilized beyond the power of concepts, ideologies and discourse.
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Hubert, Ignatius, Windy Dermawan y Akim Akim. "Catalan Identity and Paradiplomacy Strategy in Catalonia’s Independence Movement". Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional 22, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 2021): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/global.v22i2.485.

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This article seeks to analyse how Catalan identity, within the context of its conflict with the Spanish government, contributes to its foreign relations with the global public through paradiplomacy. This article uses qualitative research method with literature study. It finds that Catalonia, as one of Spain’s autonomous regions, have a distinct history, language, and culture from other Spanish regions. To protect their identity, there have been an emergence of movement for greater Catalan autonomy, even independence. This conflict reached climax on 1 October 2017 when the Catalan government initiated an independence referendum amongst Catalan people, with the majority voted for independence from Spain. Since then, the Catalan independence movement has faced many changes until now, with one of the moves done by Catalonia to seek support from global public through their paradiplomacy. As such, it is worth noting how paradiplomacy done by the Catalan government was an effort to protect the existence of their identity, which increases the complication and dynamics of Catalan and Spanish governments’ internal conflict. Findings from this study may show important implications for the resolution of similar internal conflicts, especially those involving identity and paradiplomacy.
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Vila, Ignasi, Imma Canal, Pere Mayans, Santiago Perera, Josep Maria Serra y Carina Siqués. "LES AULES D’ACOLLIDA DE L’EDUCACIÓ PRIMÀRIA I SECUNDÀRIA OBLIGATÒRIA DE CATALUNYA: UN ESTUDI COMPARATIU". Catalan Review: Volume 21, Issue 1 21, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2007): 351–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.21.15.

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In the last years, the population in Catalonia has increased in nearly a million people due to the arrival of immigrants from outside Spain. This new situation has created a challenge for the educational system and the acquisition and use of Catalan in schools. In order to ensure that Catalan continued to be the main language in schools, the Catalan government initiated a program whose main objectives are social cohesion and providing support for the acquisition of Catalan for students who incorporate late to the educational system. The so-called aules d’acollida are classes where Catalan for academic and conversational purposes is taught to those students who do not have enough knowledge of Catalan to be in a regular class. This paper provides results on the acquisition of Catalan by the students who attended the aules d’acollida in year 2005-06. All students attending aules d’acollida in primary and secondary schools in Catalonia took two tests that evaluated the acquisition of Catalan and school integration/adaptation. The results show that a) students achieved better results in comprehension skills than in production skills, b) the fewer hours the students spent in the aules the higher the proficiency they achieved, and c) students who had a Romance language as their L1 obtained better results than student who spoke non-Romance languages.
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Serracant, Pau. "Changing youth? Continuities and ruptures in transitions into adulthood among Catalan young people". Journal of Youth Studies 15, n.º 2 (marzo de 2012): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2011.643234.

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UNGUREANU, CAMIL y IVAN PINTOR. "THE BATTLE FOR RE-IMAGINING CATALONIA: CINEMATIC POPULISM, MYTH-MAKING, AND CATHEDRAL OF THE SEA (JORDI FRADES, 2018)". Catalan Review 35, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2021): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.35.4.

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In this article, we argue that the TV series event with the highest audience in recent Catalan history, La catedral del mar /Cathedral of the Sea (Jordi Frades, 2018), is an example of commercial cinematic populism. Cathedral of the Sea is built on formal elements of the classic Hollywood style (for example, continuous editing, linear narrative, lack of moral ambiguity), and a series of substantive dichotomies (people/ elite, the popular hero/ the villain, the good/ the bad) and myths (the savior, the unity of the people). In analyzing their significance, we distinguish three hermeneutic layers, the populist, the general-mythical, and the Catalan historical context, which, in combination, constitute the cinematic narrative. Therein the central hero of Cathedral of the Sea, Arnau Estanyol, personifies the myth of the commoner who, by accumulating a whole range of virtues and social roles, synecdochically stands for the triumphant emergence of the modern Catalan people. This narrative is, we maintain, traversed by a tension between the populist call for emancipation, incarnated by Arnau, and the phantasmal self-gratification based on the depiction of a world devoid of complexity.
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Pujolar, Joan y Maite Puigdevall. "Linguistic mudes: how to become a new speaker in Catalonia". International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2015, n.º 231 (1 de enero de 2015): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2014-0037.

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Abstract New speakers of Catalan have come to represent, from a demolinguistic perspective, a substantial part of the community of speakers. Of those who presently speak Catalan as an “habitual language”, 41.6 percent are native speakers of Spanish. In this article, we shall follow up the various ways in which native Castilian speakers incorporate Catalan into their lives. This happens, as we will show, in specific biographical junctures that we call mudes, a Catalan term referring to (often reversible) variations in social performance. Our analysis is based on a qualitative study that included 24 interviews and 15 focus groups covering a total of 105 people of different sexes and linguistic, educational, social and residential backgrounds. We shall give a general overview of these mudes as we typified them: when subjects entered primary school, secondary school, the university, the job market, when creating a new family and when they had children (if they did). The study of linguistic mudes provides, in our view, a new and productive perspective on how people develop their linguistic repertoire, their attachment to specific languages and the significance of these aspects for social identity. It facilitates a processual, time-sensitive analysis that allows to contextualise and critique ethnonationalist discourses that have often saturated our understanding of language use.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Catalan people"

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Pujolar, I. Cos Joan. "The identities of 'La Penya' : voices and struggles of young working-class people in Barcelona". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260566.

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Fröse, Jenny. "Las actitudes existentes entre los catalanes y los españoles no catalanes : Un estudio etnolingüístico". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-32130.

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This essay involves comparing the Catalan and Spanish (not Catalan) ethnic groups, the two main groups found in Spain, in terms of linguistics. As both groups have their own language, we will be focusing on what attitude each group has in regards to the Catalan and Spanish language. In addition, we will be investigating their attitudes about the people belonging to these two ethnic groups. The purpose of this study is to affirm if these groups have a positive or negative attitude regarding each other, specifically in terms of language. As language is a part of the ethnic identity, we will also analyze which components of the ethnic identity are most important to each group. In order to achieve this, we will first and foremost study closely, and present, the concept of ethnic identity and its various components. We made use of questionnaires in order to gather information about the Catalan and Spanish (not Catalan) people and their languages, which were answered by 60 Catalans and 30 Spaniards.
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Huguet, Roselló Anna. "Understanding chronic pain and disability in young people: a study with catalan schoolchildren". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8960.

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Understanding chronic pain and disability in young people:
A study with Catalan schoolchildren
Anna Huguet Roselló


Tesis doctoral dirigida pel Dr. Jordi Miró Martínez
Departament de Psicologia, Universitat Rovira I Virigili, Tarragona
Juny, 2007

El dolor crònic i recurrent és un problema molt estès; de fet és considerat un problema de salut pública (Crombie i col., 1999); que requereix d'una atenció especial pel sofriment i la discapacitat que pot generar tant al mateix individu com a les persones més pròximes a aquest (família).
El dolor ha estat motiu d'atenció dels éssers humans des dels inicis de la història (veure per exemple, Sabatowski i col., 2004). No obstant, i paradoxalment, el dolor en nens ha estat totalment mancat d'interès fins a la dècada dels 70. Afortunadament, la situació en l'àmbit del dolor pediàtric ha canviat dràsticament. Durant els últims 25 anys, hi ha hagut un augment d'interès per a l'estudi del dolor en nens. Cada vegada més recursos estan sent invertits pel seu tractament, i la recerca paral·lelament també ha anat en augment.
Aquest interès, no obstant, no és evident a tot arreu. Per exemple, i tal i com Reinoso-Barbero reconeix (2003), el dolor crònic és encara el germà pobre de la recerca del dolor en adults a Espanya. A pesar de l'elevat número de nens en necessitat de tractament, pocs clínics i investigadors estan donant a aquest problema l'atenció que es mereix. Per tant, la majoria d'aquests no estan rebent el tractament més apropiat perquè els clínics no estan familiaritzats amb aquestes condicions cròniques, mesures d'avaluació, i estratègies d'intervenció. En general, es pot dir que aquests nens han de combatre contra el seu dolor per ells mateixos, la majoria de les vegades sense rebre un tractament apropiat pel seu problema. Al mateix temps, les preocupacions i el sofriment dels pares augmenta perquè el dolor dels nens no remet, i ells no saben què fer.
El propòsit d'aquest estudi és ajudar a entendre millor els problemes de dolor en nens i adolescents. Per això la tesi planteja tres objectius generals. (1) Treballar en l'àmbit de l'avaluació del dolor, i desenvolupar, adaptar i estudiar les propietats psicomètriques d'instruments de mesura que contribueixen a fer una avaluació multicontextual de nens catalano-parlants amb problemes de dolor. (2) Treballar en l'àmbit de l'epidemiologia, i aportar dades sobre els índex de prevalença i incidència dels problemes de dolor crònic en la nostra població de nens i adolescents d'entre 8 i 16 anys. I, aportar dades sobre les característiques d'aquests problemes i l'impacte que aquests problemes tenen sobre la vida del mateix nen. (3) Treballar per en l'àmbit de la prevenció secundària, i identificar predictors de tipus psicosocial del dolor crònic i/o la discapacitat.



Understanding chronic pain and disability in young people:
A study with Catalan schoolchildren
Anna Huguet Roselló


Tesis doctoral dirigida pel Dr. Jordi Miró Martínez
Departament de Psicologia, Universitat Rovira I Virigili, Tarragona
Juny, 2007


Recurrent and chronic pain is a widespread problem; in fact it has been considered to be a public health issue (Crombie, et al., 1999), one that requires careful attention due to the enormous amount of suffering and functional disability that it may cause.
Pain has attracted attention of the humans since earliest recorded history (see for example, Sabatowski et al., 2004). However, and somewhat paradoxically, pain in children was completely devoid of interest until 1970s. Fortunately, the field of pediatric pain has changed dramatically. Over the last 25 years, there has been an increased interest in the study of pain as it occurs in youth. More and more resources have been invested into its treatment and prevention, research has paralleled growth too.
This interest, however, is not so evident everywhere. For example, and as Reinoso-Barbero acknowledged (2003), pediatric pain still seems to be the poor brother of pain research in Spain. That is, despite the significant number of children in need of treatment, few clinicians and researchers are giving the attention to this problem that it deserves. Thus, most of these children do not receive the most appropriate treatment because clinicians are not familiar with these chronic conditions, assessment tools, and intervention strategies. In general, it can be said that children have to fight against their pain on their own, most of the times without receiving an appropriate treatment for their problem. At the same time, parents' concerns and suffering rise because their child's pain does not remit, and they do not know what to do.
The propose of this study is to better understand chronic pain problems among the general population of children and adolescents. This thesis has tree aims. (1) To develop and examine the psychometric properties of assessment measure which allow us to understand pain problems from a biopsychosocial perspective. (2) To estimate the prevalence and incidence of chronic pain problems in Catalan schoolchildren aged 8 to 16 years and to examine the impact of pain problems on children's quality of life. (3) To work on the field of the secondary prevention and to identify psychosocial prognostic factors of the children's functioning and/or the course of pain complaints.
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Núñez, Riaño Miguel Ángel. "Political and judicial strategies for the care of marine and coastal ecosystems. The case of Creole People in San Andrés Island, Colombia". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Antikens kultur och samhällsliv, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317791.

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This thesis illustrates how native populations exert a crucial ecological role through deliberate strategies in order to conserve and preserve marine and coastal ecosystems. The investigation identifies political and judicial practices of the Creole people that have contributed to care of ecosystems placed in the Caribbean Archipelago of San Andrés. To this regard, this study considers how the agency of Creole people has influenced the environmental structuring of islands and seas during 20th and 21st centuries. The result is an improved comprehension, through critical analysis of cultural and judicial discourses, of the current ecological state of the Archipelago.
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Libros sobre el tema "Catalan people"

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Carner-Ribalta, Josep. The Catalan nation and its people. Houston, Tex: American Institute for Catalan Studies, 1995.

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Abélanet, Jean. Autrefois, des hommes--: Préhistoire du pays catalan. Perpinyà [France]: Trabucaire, 1992.

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Alam, Agoes S. Catatan kecil dari kampong Melayu. Pekanbaru: Unri Press, 2002.

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Padmadinata, Tjetje Hidajat. Menembus sekat-sekat budaya: Catatan kebudayaan. Bandung]: Rumah Baca Buku Sunda, 2011.

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Natapradja, Iwan. Sekar gending: Catatan pribadi tentang karawitan Sunda. 2a ed. Bandung: Karya Cipta Lestari, 2003.

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Ibrahim, Ourida. Suku Dayak, Kalimantan Timur: Sebuah catatan perjalanan. [Samarinda]: Lembaga Pengkajian Kebudayaan Dayak Kalimantan Timur, 2009.

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Ibrahim, Ourida. Suku Dayak, Kalimantan Timur: Sebuah catatan perjalanan. [Samarinda]: Lembaga Pengkajian Kebudayaan Dayak Kalimantan Timur, 2009.

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Ibrahim, Ourida. Suku Dayak, Kalimantan Timur: Sebuah catatan perjalanan. [Samarinda]: Lembaga Pengkajian Kebudayaan Dayak Kalimantan Timur, 2009.

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Ibrahim, Ourida. Suku Dayak, Kalimantan Timur: Sebuah catatan perjalanan. [Samarinda]: Lembaga Pengkajian Kebudayaan Dayak Kalimantan Timur, 2009.

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Santosa, Iwan. Peranakan Tionghoa di Nusantara: Catatan perjalanan dari barat ke timur. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas, 2012.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Catalan people"

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Vargas, Michael A. "Princes and People". En Constructing Catalan Identity, 29–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76744-4_3.

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Barrio, Astrid, Oscar Barberà y Juan Rodríguez-Teruel. "The populist dimensions of Catalan secessionism". En The People and the Nation, 88–109. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge studies in extremism and democracy: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351265560-5.

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Vidal, Adolf Piquer. "Catalan Identity in the 20th Century Novel". En Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies, 150–64. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6614-5.ch011.

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The 20th century is definitely the consolidation of Catalan literary movements in which Catalan identity plays a fundamental role. Modernism and avant-garde movements prompted a renewal of literary genres. The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) was a point of conflict that led to the exile of most writers in Catalan. However, they continued publishing their works in Catalan. That´s the case of La Plaça del Diamant by Mercé Rodoreda and Cròniques de la veritat oculta by Pere Calders. That process of exile came to an end between 1962 to 1975 (death of Franco). Terenci Moix, Montserrat Roig, and others belonged to a generation called “generació literària dels setanta.” Most of them were born in Spanish postwar, educated in Francoism, concerned to recover the Catalan national identity, democratic politics, and social liberation of women and gay people.
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Nogué, Joan y Jordi de San Eugenio Vela. "Citizen Mobilization and the “Right to Decide” Movement in Catalonia (2010-2014)". En Advances in Public Policy and Administration, 156–85. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3677-3.ch007.

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For the purposes of this chapter, it is interesting to analyse the arguments that justify the secessionist cause in Catalonia and, in particular, whether this bottom-up social demand falls within the scope of the democratically admissible. Similarly, it is important to determine how the Catalan people's ‘taking to the streets' represents a concrete political response with which in some form the will of the Catalan people has conditioned and even precipitated the political agenda of the current government. What has happened in Catalonia highlights the new—and prevailing—role played by civil society in public affairs. Within this framework, new questions arise regarding the counterpower exercised by citizens through massive, peaceful, and recurrent social mobilizations, which can, as a whole, be considered a spontaneous manifestation of participatory democracy.
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Baydal Sala, Vicent. "From Catalans and Aragonese to Valencians". En Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies, 30–45. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6614-5.ch002.

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The medieval Kingdom of Valencia was created in 1238, after the conquest of Islamic lands in the Eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula by Catalan and Aragonese people. New Christian settlers arrived from Catalonia and Aragon with distinct identity feelings, but after a century a new identity was formed, whose first expression was the creation of a gentilic, “Valencian,” for all the inhabitants of the new kingdom, regardless of their Catalan or Aragonese origins. As this chapter explains, this process was closely linked to the development of the political and fiscal structures of the kingdom, based primarily on the Valencian Parliament, where subsides and laws were negotiated between the king and the community of the realm.
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Beltran, Francesc S., Salvador Herrando, Violant Estreder, Doris Ferreres, Marc-Antoni Adell y Marcos Ruiz-Soler. "A Language Shift Simulation Based on Cellular Automata". En Handbook of Research on Culturally-Aware Information Technology, 136–51. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-883-8.ch007.

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Language extinction is a widespread social phenomenon affecting several million people throughout the world today. By the end of this century, more than 5100 of the approximately 6000 languages currently spoken around the world will have disappeared. This is mainly because of language shifts, i.e., because a community of speakers stops using their traditional language and speaks a new one in all communication settings. In this study, the authors present the properties of a cellular automaton that incorporates some assumptions from the Gaelic-Arvanitika model of language shifts and the findings on the dynamics of social impacts in the field of social psychology. To assess the cellular automaton, the authors incorporate empirical data from Valencia (a region in Southern Europe), where Catalan speakers are tending to shift towards using Spanish. Running the automaton under different scenarios, the survival or extinction of Catalan in Valencia depends on individuals’ engagement with their language. The authors discuss how a cellular automata theory approach proves to be a useful tool for understanding the language shift.
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Orazi, Veronica. "Jordi Casanovas' #Coronavirusplays". En Handbook of Research on Historical Pandemic Analysis and the Social Implications of COVID-19, 175–94. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7987-9.ch014.

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The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 and the diffusion of the COVID-19 disease had and still has a huge impact on the world's population. The pandemic has also psychological implications and online activities can help to support people experiencing its consequences. The project COVID-19 LiTraPan aims to contribute to meet the needs that emerged during the pandemic in the field of humanistic higher education and quality assurance of distance learning. The line of research consists of the creation and study of corpora of works inspired and composed during the health emergency, and of their use for distance learning and discomfort management. In the first phase of development of the project, the author's choice fell on the Spanish and Catalan microtheatre production published online as a result of the initiative #Coronvirusplays, launched by the playwright Jordi Casanovas on 13 March 2020, which ran until 8 May 2020. In this contribution, the author synthetizes the first results of the investigation and distance learning activities in the framework of the COVID-19 LiTraPan project.
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Stojanowski, Christopher M. "The Santa María Mission and the Santa Catalina Ossuary on Amelia Island". En Mission Cemeteries, Mission Peoples, 165–94. University Press of Florida, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813044637.003.0006.

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"The Invention of Numantia and Emporion: Archaeology and the Regeneration of Spanish and Catalan Nationalisms after the Crisis of 1898". En In Search of Pre-Classical Antiquity: Rediscovering Ancient Peoples in Mediterranean Europe (19th and 20th c.), 64–95. BRILL, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004335424_005.

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Tierney, Dolores. "Alejandro González Iñárritu: Mexican Director Without Borders". En New Transnationalisms in Contemporary Latin American Cinemas. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748645732.003.0003.

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Chapter 1 analyses the cinematic transnationality of Iñárritu through an auteurist lens suggesting that his Mexican-produced Amores perros, US-produced 21 Grams, and Babel, and Spanish/Mexican co-produced Biutiful, problematise the notion of industrial and national borders and (for the deterritorialised productions) the assumption of political co-optation by a hegemonic mainstream cinema (Hollywood) because they share the same radical and alternative aesthetics and ideologies. The chapter traces continuities and critiques across the production contexts of Iñárritu’s films from Mexican independent (privately funded) cinema in Amores perros, to a complex institutional position including US independent distributors, European Government bodies, Spanish and Mexican production companies and Spanish and Catalan television companies in Biutiful. The chapter argues that the films’ ‘independent’, non-hegemonic funding structures and presence of a mostly unchanging core creative team facilitates the singular vision at the heart of the auteurist endeavour. The chapter’s analysis of Iñárritu’s first four transnationalised film projects (Birdman and The Revenant are analysed in the Epilogue) suggests that rather than purely imitate Hollywood or US traditions (as some scholarship suggests) his films embody a perspective aligned with Mexico, Latin America and more broadly the peoples of the Global South.
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CIFOR. The Forest Spatial Information Catalog (FSIC): Science for forests and people. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/004642.

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