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Warren, Rosalind A., Alice Adams y Alice Munro. "Of Cats and Women". Women's Review of Books 7, n.º 8 (mayo de 1990): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4020716.
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Regan, John. "More Than Women and Cats". Women: A Cultural Review 22, n.º 2-3 (septiembre de 2011): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2011.585048.
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Mahalski, Pauline A., Robin Jones y Gabrielle M. Maxwell. "The Value of Cat Ownership to Elderly Women Living Alone". International Journal of Aging and Human Development 27, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1988): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/n40y-68jw-38td-at9r.
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A survey of elderly women was carried out to discover their attitudes towards pet cats. The women were living in publicly-owned pensioner housing in two New Zealand cities. In one city cats were allowed in the pensioners' housing and in the other city they were not. Attitudes towards cats were more positive in the city where cats were allowed, and more positive if pensioners owned a cat, or wished to own one. As positive attitudes towards cats outweighed negative ones, the City Authority which had prohibited cats reversed its policy. There was conflicting evidence about the role of cats in reducing feelings of loneliness. It appears that “loneliness” signifies the loss of many aspects of social interaction and that pets may substitute for only some of these interactions.
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YILMAZ, Tonguç Utku, Saffet ÇINAR, Levent ALTINTAŞ, Sertaç Ata GÜLER y Zafer UTKAN. "Comparison of video based learning and lecture based learning in last year medical faculty students". Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 38, n.º 2 (14 de marzo de 2021): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52142/omujecm.38.2.17.
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Cats are the main host of Toxoplasma gondii and pregnant women who own cats at home may be at risk. This condition may cause anxiety and stress in pregnant women. The aim of this study is to evaluate toxoplasmosis risk on anxiety and perception of cat owner pregnant women. The study group consisted of 59 pregnant women feeding cats in the home and 369 pregnant women not feeding cats. A Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-18) was used to measure the anxiety of all participants. Age and anxiety variables were analyzed using a two-sample independent t-test. Gravida, education, and job status were analyzed using chi-square tests, and live to abort ratio & pregnancy number were analyzed using Fisher exact test. Measurement of the anxiety level between the two groups showed that anxiety is significantly higher among the pregnant women who feed cats in their house with an average of 32.03±8.72. The average anxiety level among the pregnant women who don't have cats in their house was 25.94±8.99. The difference between the Health Anxiety Inventory of the two groups was significant (p= 0.0001) It was shown in the literature that pets can reduce anxiety but not studied in pregnant women, yet. Our results showed that pregnant women who own cats at home had more environmental anxiety than women who don’t feed cats at home which is possibly associated with fear of Toxoplasma gondii transmission. This anxiety may also cause unfavorable pregnancy outcomes like eclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight and high incidence of cesarean delivery.
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DOKUZEYLUL GÜNGÖR, Nur, Tuğba GÜRBÜZ, Selma Bozkurt ZİNCİR, Banu DOKUZEYLÜL, Erman OR y Ferhat CENGİZ. "Evaluation of toxoplasmosis risk on anxiety and perception of cat owner pregnant women". Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 38, n.º 2 (14 de marzo de 2021): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52142/omujecm.38.2.18.
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Cats are the main host of Toxoplasma gondii and pregnant women who own cats at home may be at risk. This condition may cause anxiety and stress in pregnant women. The aim of this study is to evaluate toxoplasmosis risk on anxiety and perception of cat owner pregnant women. The study group consisted of 59 pregnant women feeding cats in the home and 369 pregnant women not feeding cats. A Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-18) was used to measure the anxiety of all participants. Age and anxiety variables were analyzed using a two-sample independent t-test. Gravida, education, and job status were analyzed using chi-square tests, and live to abort ratio & pregnancy number were analyzed using Fisher exact test. Measurement of the anxiety level between the two groups showed that anxiety is significantly higher among the pregnant women who feed cats in their house with an average of 32.03±8.72. The average anxiety level among the pregnant women who don't have cats in their house was 25.94±8.99. The difference between the Health Anxiety Inventory of the two groups was significant (p= 0.0001) It was shown in the literature that pets can reduce anxiety but not studied in pregnant women, yet. Our results showed that pregnant women who own cats at home had more environmental anxiety than women who don’t feed cats at home which is possibly associated with fear of Toxoplasma gondii transmission. This anxiety may also cause unfavorable pregnancy outcomes like eclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight and high incidence of cesarean delivery.
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Hari, Jürg, Elisabeth Pirsch y Heike Rawitzer. "Women are scaredy-cats and men are conquerors?" Journal of Financial Services Marketing 23, n.º 2 (junio de 2018): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41264-018-0045-x.
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Al Hamdani, Muna M. "Toxoplasmosis among women with habitual abortion". Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 3, n.º 2 (15 de marzo de 1997): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/1997.3.2.310.
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The role of maternal toxoplasmosis as a risk factor for habitual abortion was investigated. The indirect haemagglutination test was positive in a titre of 1:32 to 1:2048 much more frequently in women with habitual abortion [18.5%] than in the normal pregnancy group [5.9%]. The overall prevalence of antibodies gradually increased with age, reaching 23.7% in the age group 35-45 years. No differences were found among women in different socioeconomic groups. The study suggests that toxoplasma antibodies are more prevalent in women with cats at home than in women who do not possess cats
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Hussein, Ghufran Abd. "Discovering Eden: Rain, Cats and Women in Hemingway’s Garden". Gender Studies 17, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2018): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/genst-2019-0005.
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Abstract The publication of The Garden of Eden in 1986 opened the gates of Hemingway’s exegesis to gender criticism, the result being a re-evaluation of the female presence in a traditional literary work devoted to the literary traditions of the personality and adventurous life of the writer that challenged the previous four decades of critical appraisal that insisted on what Broer and Holland called “superficial or misguided interpretations of Hemingway’s treatment of women and gender”. Our essay demonstrates this new approach to Hemingway’s work, with examples from “Cat in the Rain” and The Garden of Eden.
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Soler, Nieves Pascual. "Of Cats and Men". Society & Animals 26, n.º 5 (5 de noviembre de 2018): 515–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341483.
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AbstractThe study analyzes the gender narratives linked to cats in Nestlé Purina Pet Care Company (NPPC) advertising. Out of the ten cat food products lines it markets, each offering from one to nine different formulas, nine are discussed. The focus is on dried food in pouch packages. It is argued that against the traditional association between cats and women, cat food advertising privileges masculine experiences. To support this claim, this article (a) analyzes the relationship between gender and food patterns; (b) probes the background for the perception of companion animals as projections of the human self; (c) examines representations of cats and food on selectNPPClabels; and (d) matches gender narratives with the new demographics ofUScat caregivers.
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Muller, Ilaria, Peter N. Taylor, Rhian M. Daniel, Charlotte Hales, Anna Scholz, Toby Candler, Rebecca J. Pettit et al. "CATS II Long-term Anthropometric and Metabolic Effects of Maternal Sub-optimal Thyroid Function in Offspring and Mothers". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, n.º 7 (12 de mayo de 2020): 2150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa129.
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Abstract Context and Objectives The Controlled Antenatal Thyroid Screening Study I (CATS-I) was a randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of levothyroxine therapy for suboptimal gestational thyroid function (SGTF), comparing outcomes in children of treated (SGTF-T) with untreated (SGTF-U) women during pregnancy. This follow-up study, CATS-II, reports the long-term effects on anthropometric, bone, and cardiometabolic outcomes in mothers and offspring and includes a group with normal gestational thyroid function (NGTF). Design & Participants 332 mothers (197 NGTF, 56 SGTF-U, 79 SGTF-T) aged 41.2±5.3 years (mean±SD) and 326 paired children assessed 9.3±1.0 years after birth for (i) body mass index (BMI); (ii) lean, fat, and bone mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; (iii) blood pressure, augmentation index, and aortic pulse-wave-velocity; and (iv) thyroid function, lipids, insulin, and adiponectin. The difference between group means was compared using linear regression. Results Offspring’s measurements were similar between groups. Although maternal BMI was similar between groups at CATS-I, after 9 years (at CATS-II) SGTF-U mothers showed higher BMI (median [interquartile ratio] 28.3 [24.6-32.6] kg/m2) compared with NGTF (25.8 [22.9-30.0] kg/m2; P = 0.029), driven by fat mass increase. At CATS-II SGTF-U mothers also had higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values (2.45 [1.43-3.50] mU/L) than NGTF (1.54 [1.12-2.07] mU/L; P = 0.015), since 64% had never received levothyroxine. At CATS-II, SGTF-T mothers had BMI (25.8 [23.1-29.8] kg/m2, P = 0.672) and TSH (1.68 [0.89-2.96] mU/L; P = 0.474) values similar to NGTF mothers. Conclusions Levothyroxine supplementation of women with SGTF did not affect long-term offspring anthropometric, bone, and cardiometabolic measurements. However, absence of treatment was associated with sustained long-term increase in BMI and fat mass in women with SGTF.
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Ondriska, F., K. Mačuhová, J. Melicherová, K. Reiterová, D. Valentová, V. Beladičová y J. Halgoš. "Toxocariasis in urban environment of western Slovakia". Helminthologia 50, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2013): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-013-0139-x.
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AbstractThe aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of toxocariasis in Bratislava and smaller towns in western Slovakia. During 2006–2011, sand samples collected from 121 sandpits were investigated: 63 sandpits were from Bratislava City and 58 from sandpits in towns outside Bratislava (Malacky, Pezinok Stupava). In Bratislava, 27% of examined sandpits were contaminated with Toxocara spp. eggs. In smaller towns eggs of Toxocara spp. were found from three sandpits (6.8 %) of Pezinok and Stupava only. In Malacky, no faeces and no eggs were found in any sandpits. Faecal samples of 1436 dogs and 263 cats were investigated. T. canis eggs were found in the faeces of 16.5 % dogs and T. cati in 18.6 % of examined cats. Toxocariasis of dogs was significantly higher in smaller towns such as the city Bratislava (χ2 = 10.88 for P ≤ 0.001). The difference in prevalence of T. cati in cats bred in Bratislava and outside Bratislava was not confirmed (P ≤ 0.05). 382 pregnant women were examined by ELISA. Anti-Toxocara antibodies were detected in 32 women (8.4 %). The difference in seroprevalence of women coming from Bratislava (6.6 %) and smaller towns outside Bratislava (11.0 %) was not statistically significant (χ2 = 1.6; P ≤ 0.05).
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Dawson, LC, J. Cheal, L. Niel y G. Mason. "Humans can identify cats' affective states from subtle facial expressions". Animal Welfare 28, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2019): 519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.28.4.519.
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Although cats' popularity as pets rivals that of dogs, cats are little studied, and people's abilities to read this apparently 'inscrutable' species have attracted negligible research. To determine whether people can identify feline emotions from cats' faces, participants (n = 6,329) each viewed 20 video clips of cats in carefully operationalised positively (n = 10) or negatively valenced states (n = 10) (cross-factored with low and high activity levels). Obvious cues (eg open mouths or fully retracted ears) were eliminated. Participants' average scores were low (11.85/20 correct), but overall above chance; furthermore, 13% of participants were individually significantly successful at identifying the valence of cats' states (scoring ≥ 15/20 correct). Women were more successful at this task than men, and younger participants more successful than older, as were participants with professional feline (eg veterinary) experience. In contrast, personal contact with cats (eg pet-owning) had little effect. Cats in positive states were most likely to be correctly identified, particularly if active rather than inactive. People can thus infer cats' affective states from subtle aspects of their facial expressions (although most find this challenging); and some individuals are very good at doing so. Understanding where such abilities come from, and precisely how cats' expressions change with affective state, could potentially help pet owners, animal care staff and veterinarians optimise feline care and welfare.
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Cong, Wei, Xiao-Yan Dong, Qing-Feng Meng, Na Zhou, Xiang-Yang Wang, Si-Yang Huang, Xing-Quan Zhu y Ai-Dong Qian. "Toxoplasma gondiiInfection in Pregnant Women: A Seroprevalence and Case-Control Study in Eastern China". BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/170278.
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Very limited information is available concerning the epidemiology ofT. gondiiinfection in pregnant women in eastern China. Therefore, a case-control study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in this population group and to identify risk factors and possible routes of contamination. Serum samples were collected from 965 pregnant women and 965 age-matched nonpregnant control subjects in Qingdao and Weihai between October 2011 and July 2013. These were screened with enzyme linked immunoassays for the presence of anti-ToxoplasmaIgG and anti-ToxoplasmaIgM antibodies. 147 (15.2%) pregnant women and 167 (17.3%) control subjects were positive for anti-T. gondiiIgG antibodies, while 28 (2.9%) pregnant women and 37 (3.8%) controls were positive for anti-T. gondiiIgM antibodies (P=0.256). There was no significant difference between pregnant women and nonpregnant controls with regard to the seroprevalence of either anti-T. gondiiIgG or IgM antibodies. Multivariate analysis showed thatT. gondiiinfection was associated with location, cats in home, contact with cats and dogs, and exposure to soil. The results indicated that the seroprevalence ofT. gondiiinfection in pregnant women is high compared to most other regions of China and other East Asian countries with similar climatic conditions.
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Abdelbaset, Abdelbaset E., Maha I. Hamed, Mostafa F. N. Abushahba, Mohamed S. Rawy, Amal S. M. Sayed y Jeffrey J. Adamovicz. "Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and the associated risk factors in sheep and pregnant women in El-Minya Governorate, Egypt". January-2020 13, n.º 1 (enero de 2020): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.54-60.
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Background and Aim: The cosmopolite protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, has a significant economic and medical impact. Cats traditionally play a predominant role in the disease maintenance cycle; however, humans can be infected as a result of milk and meat consumption of Toxoplasma-infected livestock. In addition, infected pregnant women, even symptomless, can pass the disease to their unborn fetus. The limited clinical records and absence of specific national educational programs in countries like Egypt underscore the need for periodic toxoplasmosis disease evaluation. Here, we identified T. gondii seroprevalence among sheep and pregnant women and the associated risk factors in El-Minya Governorate, Egypt. Materials and Methods: Using peripheral blood, we detected T. gondii-specific antibodies in 151 sheep and 96 pregnant women sera from El-Minya Governorate using latex agglutination and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The impact of different environmental and behavioral risk factors identified with in-person interviews and serology results on acquiring toxoplasmosis was statistically analyzed. Results: The overall toxoplasmosis seroprevalence was 39.1% and 22.9% in sheep and pregnant women, respectively. Significantly higher seroprevalence was correlated with increasing sheep age and geographical location. Nonetheless, no statistical significance was found based on abortion history and pregnancy status of the examined sheep. Exposure factors important for pregnant women included pregnancy trimester, contact with cats, and the habit of eating undercooked sheep meat, which all had a statistically significant association with Toxoplasma seropositivity. Conclusion: The current study confirms increased antibodies against toxoplasmosis in both sheep and pregnant women in El-Minya Governorate and a clear association between women's age, contact with cats, and the habit of eating undercooked sheep meat and seroreactivity to T. gondii. These results strongly suggest the need for a more comprehensive epidemiological study and public health awareness education for toxoplasmosis.
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LOBO, M. L., G. PATROCINIO, T. SEVIVAS, B. DE SOUSA y O. MATOS. "Portugal and Angola: similarities and differences inToxoplasma gondiiseroprevalence and risk factors in pregnant women". Epidemiology and Infection 145, n.º 1 (9 de septiembre de 2016): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816001904.
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SUMMARYIn this study we determined the presence of IgM/IgG antibodies toToxoplasma gondiiin sera of 155 and 300 pregnant women from Lisbon (Portugal) and Luanda (Angola), respectively, and evaluated the potential risk factors associated with this infection. DNA detection was performed by PCR assays targetingT. gondiiregions (RE/B1). Overall, 21·9% (10·9% IgG, 10·9% IgG/IgM) of the Lisbon women and 27·3% (23·7%, IgG, 2% IgM, 1·7% IgG/IgM) of the Luanda women had antibodies toT. gondii. Single variable and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Based on the latter, contacts with cats (family/friends), and having more than two births were identified as risk factors forToxoplasmainfection in Lisbon women. In Luanda, the risk factors forT. gondiiinfection suggested by the single variable analysis (outdoor contact with cats and consumption of pasteurized milk/dairy products) were not confirmed by binary logistic regression. This study shows original data from Angola, and updated data from Portugal in the study of infection byT. gondiiin pregnant women, indicating that the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasmaantibodies is high enough to alert the government health authorities and implement appropriate measures to control this infection.
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Alwan, Mohammed J. "Seropathological Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii in Stray Cats in Baghdad Province". Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 38, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2014): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v38i1.260.
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The current study was performed an investigation in seropositive stray cats with Toxoplasma gondii and to correlate the results of pathological lesions with seropositive results of the cats. To achieve these goals, fifty blood samples and specimens from internal organs (liver, spleen, brain, kidney, intestine and lung) of stray cats were collected from different area of Baghdad Province during the period 1.10.2011-1.10.2012. Seropositive ELISA-IgG was demonstrated that 66 % of stray cats while female expressed (75 %) of seropositive ELISA-IgG were higher than male (30% ) and animals with average age 2months showed high percentage of seropositive ELISA-IgG (100%) as compared with age (adult cat) that expressed( 63.82 %) of seropositive. There was a significant difference (P≤0.01) among positive cases to anti-Toxoplasma ELISA-IgG. Severe pathological lesions were noticed in the lungs ,livers and intestines of animals that expressed high (optical density) (OD) of anti-Toxoplasma IgG ,in addition ,tachyzoits intracytoplasm of alveolar macrophages and hepatocytes as well as free zoites in alveolar space of the lung, were reported. Local necrosis with tachyzoites was seen in the brain of the cats, in addition to mineralization. On bases of the presence of pathological lesions in cats that expressed seropositive anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, it can be conclude that T.gondii is responsible for the appearance of inflammatory reaction in the internal organs of cats and there is a correlation between seropositive and pathological lesions of T.gondii infection and this parasite is highly distributed in Baghdad stray cats and it may be an important cause of abortion in the women.
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Jassim, Jinan Waheed. "Medea Revisited: Marina Carr's By the Bog of Cats… and the Modern Defiant Mother". لارك 3, n.º 34 (16 de julio de 2019): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol3.iss34.1103.
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Abstract;Marina Carr, one of the prominent Irish feminist playwrights, deviates from the mainstream patriarchal portrayal of women in her modern plays. She moves away from the stereotypical image of Irish mother as an emblem of the nation and the land, hence, seen as a selfless, loving, sacrificing woman who identifies herself with the motherhood. Instead Carr introduces broken, maltreated, and defiant women to the modern Irish stage. Her adaptation of the myth of Medea for her play By the Bog of Cats…is considered as a challenge to the classical Greek and Irish drama. Both Medea and Hester Swane are outsiders, betrayed by husbands, outcast from their homeland and community. Their search for identity and independence lead them to commit unspeakable actions. Yet, while Medea was driven by her desire to revenge on a betraying husband, Hester reacted to ongoing fear of abandonment and loss. This paper highlights Carr's talent in portraying modern ordinary mothers who defy the male-dominated society and seek a social status in her own right. Mothers who show an untraditional love for their children; a mother who are ready to sacrifice herself for the welfare of her daughter, saving her from a bleak future with a selfish father, dysfunctional grandmother, and immature step mother. Thus, Hester Swane represents new unconventional Irish mother who is willing to defy the norms to prove herself.
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Asthana, Sumita P., Calum N. L. Macpherson, Stanley H. Weiss, Richard Stephens, Thomas N. Denny, R. N. Sharma y J. P. Dubey. "Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women and Cats in Grenada, West Indies". Journal of Parasitology 92, n.º 3 (junio de 2006): 644–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-762r.1.
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He, Chu. "Rewriting Trauma: The Legacy of W.B. Yeats in Marina Carr’s By the Bog of Cats . . ." Journal of Contemporary Drama in English 8, n.º 2 (3 de noviembre de 2020): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jcde-2020-0021.
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AbstractWhile a most original and creative playwright in contemporary Ireland, Marina Carr is still unmistakably influenced by her male predecessors. This article will argue that her most renowned work By the Bog of Cats . . . (1998) is a bold rewriting of W. B. Yeats’s Purgatory (1938). Like Yeats’s play, BytheBogofCats . . . focuses on abandonment, betrayal, and murder as its main sources of trauma. While Carr’s play is a direct descendant from Purgatory in terms of its theme, plot, and symbolism, Carr rewrites Yeats’s pathetic, shiftless Old Man into a daring, strong, and responsible woman who may be embittered by her domestic trauma, but instead of escaping, she eventually faces up to her own guilt and crime. Hester is not a flat, helpless victim but a complex, well-rounded woman full of agency, passion, and honesty as well as vices. This way, Carr rewrites both the stereotypical stage image of Irish women and the unredeemable Old Man.
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LACHS, JOHN. "Grand Dreams of Perfect People". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 9, n.º 3 (julio de 2000): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100903049.
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Male cats mate happily with any female in heat in the neighborhood. Something similar occurs in colleges as nearness and availability overwhelm all other considerations. So we see young men and women marry people who happen to be at hand when the time is ripe.
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BARROS, M. B. L., A. O. SCHUBACH, T. M. P. SCHUBACH, B. WANKE y S. R. LAMBERT-PASSOS. "An epidemic of sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: epidemiological aspects of a series of cases". Epidemiology and Infection 136, n.º 9 (21 de noviembre de 2007): 1192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807009727.
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SUMMARYThe first epidemic of sporotrichosis in humans as a result of zoonotic transmission was identified in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1998. A cross-sectional study was conducted applying questionnaires to patients seen in 2002 at Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Fiocruz, with a confirmed diagnosis of sporotrichsosis. A total of 73 dwellings were studied, where 255 individuals, including 94 patients and 161 healthy household contacts, lived with 133 cats with sporotrichosis. Most dwellings were houses with 83% having complete basic sanitation. Among patients, there was a predominance of women with a median age of 41 years who were engaged in domestic activities. These women contracted the disease twice more often than men. The prevalence of sporotrichosis was four times higher among patients caring for animals, irrespective of gender. In the current epidemic of sporotrichosis, taking care of sick cats was the main factor associated with transmission of the disease to humans.
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Palacio, Jorge, Marta León-Artozqui, Eliseo Pastor-Villalba, Fernando Carrera-Martín y Sylvia García-Belenguer. "Incidence of and risk factors for cat bites: A first step in prevention and treatment of feline aggression". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 9, n.º 3 (junio de 2007): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2006.11.001.
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Feline aggression towards people has a smaller incidence than canine aggression, but also represents an important public health problem. The aim of this work was to analyse feline aggression reported towards people, to estimate its incidence and to assess the risk factors involved. The information was obtained from the Public Health Centres in the Valencian Region (Spain). A total of 936 acts of feline aggression were analysed. Cats inflicted 8% of all animal bites reported. The annual average was 6.36 feline aggression incidents per 100,000 people. Most aggressive incidents occurred during the summer months. Children (0–14 years old) and women were more likely to be bitten. Wounds were mainly punctures, single, and mild, and were located mostly on the hands. In children, the head and neck areas were affected much more than in adults. The cats involved in incidents were mostly Siamese, female and owned; these cats mainly attacked their owners. Most occurrences were a defensive response by the cat.
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MOHAMED-CHERIF, A., K. BENFODIL, S. ANSEL y K. H. AIT-OUDHIA. "Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in stray cats in Algiers urban area, Algeria". Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 71, n.º 2 (1 de julio de 2020): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.23638.
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Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Human infections are common and generally asymptomatic, but they can become very dangerous in immunosuppressed and HIV-positive patients. The infection can also be serious if it is transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy. Infection in untreated mothers can lead to abortion, birth defects and blindness of the fetus. The aim of this study is to determinethe seroprevalence of Toxoplasma IgT antibodies in cats in the urban area of Algiers. From December 2017 to August 2018, blood samples from 184 stray cats were collected and analyzed for IgG antibodies against T. gondii using an ELISA method. Overall, the prevalence of T. gondii infection in stray cats was 58.15% (107/184). There was no statistically significant difference between male and female cats. The rate of seropositivity of T. gondii increased with age (p <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the different regions from which the samples were taken. The results of the present study showed the high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Algiers rather than in other countries. Due to the high seroprevalence of Toxoplasma IgG antibodies in cats, it is recommended to include in the prenatal evaluation, together with the adoption of a screening test and the determination of the IgG antibody titer in the high-risk populations (young girls, pregnant women) public information programs on the disease and measures that can contribute to prevention
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Bierlein, Metzere, Barry A. Hedgespeth, M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril, Stephen H. Stauffer y Jody L. Gookin. "Dysbiosis of fecal microbiota in cats with naturally occurring and experimentally induced Tritrichomonas foetus infection". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 2 (19 de febrero de 2021): e0246957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246957.
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The protozoal pathogen Tritrichomonas foetus infects the colon of domestic cats and is a major cause of chronic colitis and diarrhea. Treatment failure is common, but antibiotics may improve clinical signs in a subset of cats, leading researchers to question involvement of the colonic microbiota in disease pathogenesis. Studies performed in women with venereal Trichomonas vaginalis infections have revealed that dysbiosis of host microbiota contributes to pathogenicity with similar findings also found in mice with intestinal Tritrichomonas musculis The aim of this study was to characterize differences in the fecal microbiota of cats with and without naturally occurring T. foetus infection and in a group of kittens prior to and after experimentally induced infection. Archived fecal DNA from cats undergoing testing for T. foetus infection (n = 89) and experimentally infected kittens (n = 4; at pre-, 2 weeks, and 9 weeks post-infection) were analyzed by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Amongst the naturally infected population, the genera Megamonas and Helicobacter were significantly increased in prevalence and abundance in cats testing positive for T. foetus infection. In the group of four experimentally infected kittens, fecal samples post-infection had significantly lower abundance of genus Dialister and Megamonas and greater abundance of the class Betaproteobacteria and family Succinivibrionaceae. We hypothesize that T. foetus promotes dysbiosis by competition for fermentable substrates used by these bacteria and that metabolic byproducts may contribute to the pathogenesis of colonic inflammation and diarrhea. Future studies are warranted for the measurement of fecal concentrations of microbial and protozoal metabolites in cats with T. foetus infection for the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
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Wongsaengchan, Chanakarn y Dorothy McKeegan. "The Views of the UK Public Towards Routine Neutering of Dogs and Cats". Animals 9, n.º 4 (2 de abril de 2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9040138.
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Despite being routinely recommended by veterinarians, neutering of dogs and cats has both positive and negative impacts on animal welfare and is ethically problematic. We examined attitudes of a sample of the UK public towards routine neutering of dogs and cats using a questionnaire. Respondents indicated their level of agreement with statements describing welfare and ethical reasons ‘for’ and ‘against’ the neutering of male and female dogs and cats. We conducted a general linear model (GLM) analysis to investigate the effects of demographic factors on agreement scores. Respondents (n = 451) expressed views both supporting and opposing neutering. The predominant view (>80%) supported neutering, justified primarily by prevention of unwanted offspring and reproductive diseases. Around 10% of the respondents disagreed and felt that neutering should only be done for medical reasons. Men were less likely than women to support neutering (p < 0.001). Those with meat reduction diets were more likely to be against neutering (p < 0.05) and cat owners supported neutering more than non-cat owners (p < 0.05). Although the data reflected a wide range of ethical views, our findings show that the UK public generally supports the routine neutering of dogs and cats. This insight has implications for future policy-making and compliance with veterinary advice.
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Kogan, Lori y Shelly Volsche. "Not the Cat’s Meow? The Impact of Posing with Cats on Female Perceptions of Male Dateability". Animals 10, n.º 6 (9 de junio de 2020): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10061007.
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The aim of this study was to investigate whether men were considered more attractive when posing for a photo alone or holding a cat. Prior research suggests that women view pet owners as more attractive and dateable than non-pet owners; however, this effect was strongest with dog owners. We hypothesized that men posing with cats would be more attractive than those posing alone. Using an online survey, women viewed images of a man posing alone or with a cat and rated the men on the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and the Big Five Inventory. Women viewed men as less masculine when holding the cat; higher in neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness; and less dateable. These findings suggest that pets continue to play a role in women’s mate choices and dating preferences, but that a closer look at the effects of different species of pets is warranted.
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Carter, Jennifer, Mandy B. A. Paterson, John M. Morton y Francisco Gelves-Gomez. "Beliefs and Attitudes of Residents in Queensland, Australia, about Managing Dog and Cat Impacts on Native Wildlife". Animals 10, n.º 9 (11 de septiembre de 2020): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091637.
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Many humans have created close relationships with wildlife and companion species. Notwithstanding that companion species were at some point themselves wild, some wild (i.e., feral) and domesticated (owned) dogs and cats now have significant impacts on wildlife. Many strategies exist to control the impact of dogs and cats on wildlife, but the successful implementation of management initiatives is tied to public opinions and the degree of acceptability of these measures. This paper reports the findings of a survey assessing the beliefs of residents in Queensland, Australia, about dog and cat impacts on wildlife, and their attitudes towards various strategies and options for controlling wild (i.e., feral) and domesticated (owned) dogs and cats. The responses of 590 participants were analysed. Our respondents collectively grouped strategies into those that directly cause wild dog and cat deaths and those that allow wild dogs and cats to live a ‘natural’ life, which is a variation on past research where respondents grouped strategies into lethal and non-lethal methods. Community acceptability of strategies that directly cause wild dog and cat deaths (each assessed using five-category Likert scores) was lower amongst females and respondents aged 34 years or less. Gender expectations in most places and cultures still predominately suggest that women are more ‘caring’, supportive of animal welfare, and perhaps cognizant that wild dogs and cats are also sentient creatures and appreciate the problematic tension between controlling wild and companion species. Age-related differences may reflect the changing social values of communities at different points in time. There was high support for regulations that enforce responsible pet ownership but not for the importance of pet-free suburbs, which the majority of respondents considered unimportant. These important variations in beliefs and attitudes require careful management within each community for the success of any program to control wild dogs or cats.
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Kidd, Aline H., Robert M. Kidd y Carol C. George. "Successful and Unsuccessful PET Adoptions". Psychological Reports 70, n.º 2 (abril de 1992): 547–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.2.547.
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To investigate possible reasons why millions of cats and dogs are adopted and then rejected each year, 120 male and 223 female adopters from the San Francisco Bay Area shelters completed George's Pet Expectations Inventory, which rates the physical, emotional, and intellectual effects of roles pets are expected to play, and the 50 fathers and 89 mothers rated the roles expected to affect their children's lives. Six-month phone call follow-ups ascertained whether they still had the adopted pet, and if not, why not. Analysis of responses indicated that: (1) subjects who already had or previously had pets retained significantly more newly adopted pets than those who had never had pets. (2) Men rejected a significantly higher percentage of pets than did women, as did significantly more parents than nonparents. (3) Although there were no significant differences in total scores between subjects who retained and those who rejected pets either for themselves or for their children, specific role expectations differed considerably between men and women, parents and nonparents, and retainers and rejecters. Adopters held higher expectations for dogs than for cats. Present results could help shelter workers reduce the number of adopted pets abandoned and euthanized.
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Galvan Ramirez, Maria de la Luz, Juan Luis Soto Mancilla, Oscar Velasco Castrejon y Roberto Perez Medina. "Incidence of anti-toxoplasma antibodies in women with high-risk pregnancy and habitual abortions". Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 28, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1995): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86821995000400005.
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Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite. In pregnant women on the worldwide scale, there are seroprevalences from 7% to 51.3% and in women with abnormal pregnancies and abortions the seroprevalences vary from 17.5% to 52.3%. In Mexico, seropositivity has been found to vary from 18.2% to 44.8% in women with abnormal deliveries or abortions. This study's aim was to determine the incidence oflgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in women at the Gineco-Obstetrics Hospital of the Western Medical Center of the Mexican Social Security Institute. Three hundred and fifty women with high-risk pregnancies were studied, and 122 (34.9%) were found to be IgG seropositive and 76 (20.7%) were IgM positive. In one group of women with habitual abortions there were 48 (44.9%) with the preseiwe of IgG antibodies and 33 (33-3%) were IgM seropositive. Seropositivity was analyzed according to age, occupation, socio-economic level, eating raw or poorly cooked meat, and living with cats.
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Schmitt, Petra M. y M. P. Kaufman. "Estrogen attenuates the exercise pressor reflex in female cats". Journal of Applied Physiology 95, n.º 4 (octubre de 2003): 1418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00368.2003.
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In humans, the pressor and muscle sympathetic nerve responses to static exercise are less in women than in men. The difference has been attributed to the effect of estrogen on the exercise pressor reflex. Estrogen receptors are abundant in areas of the dorsal horn receiving input from group III and IV muscle afferents, which comprise the sensory limb of the exercise pressor reflex arc. These findings prompted us to investigate the effect of estrogen on the spinal pathway of the exercise pressor reflex arc. Previously, we found that the threshold concentration of 17β-estradiol needed to attenuate the exercise pressor reflex in male decerebrate cats was 10 μg/ml (Schmitt PM and Kaufman MP. J Appl Physiol 94: 1431-1436, 2003). The threshold concentration for female cats, however, is not known. Consequently, we applied 17β-estradiol to a well covering the L6-S1 spinal cord in decerebrate female cats. The exercise pressor reflex was evoked by electrical stimulation of the L7 or S1 ventral root, a maneuver that caused the hindlimb muscles to contract statically. We found that the pressor response to contraction averaged 38 ± 7 mmHg before the application of 17β-estradiol (0.01 μg/ml) to the spinal cord, whereas it averaged only 23 ± 4 mmHg 30 min after application ( P < 0.05). Recovery of the pressor response to contraction was not obtained for 2 h after application of 17β-estradiol. Application of 17β-estradiol in a dose of 0.001 μg/ml had no effect on the exercise pressor reflex ( n = 5). We conclude that the concentration of 17β-estradiol required to attenuate the exercise pressor reflex is 1,000 times more dilute in female cats than that needed to attenuate this reflex in male cats.
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Bajwa, Kamlesh Kumari, Sonu Bansal, Atul Parashar, Seema Dua, Dharmendra Kumar y Naresh L. Selokar. "Do pets transmit SARS-CoV-2 to humans, including pregnant women and infertility patients?" Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine 2 (22 de febrero de 2021): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jrhm_37_2020.
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Humans are closely associated with companion animals, particularly dogs, and cats. Recent studies demonstrated that pets could succumb to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus infection through a person who has COVID-19 disease. At present, we do have strong evidence of how COVID-19 affects pets and do the pets transmit the virus to humans. Until we know more about virus transmission, we need to follow the health agency guidelines to contain the virus spread. In this short perceptive article, we describe the incidences of coronavirus in pets and possible precautions that need to be followed by people, particularly pregnant women and infertility patients to avoid getting the disease.
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Algusbi, Saleha Alarabi. "STUDY OF RISK FACTORS FOR TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION IN PREGNANT AND NON-PREGNANT WOMEN IN WESTERN REGION OF LIBYA: USING QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY". Scientific Journal of Applied Sciences of Sabratha University 1, n.º 1 (27 de diciembre de 2018): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47891/sabujas.v1i1.25-38.
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The study was conducted to determine the occurrence of risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection amongst pregnant and non-pregnant women at Sabratha Teaching Hospital and Surman Clinic. The study included cities from the Western region of Libya (Sabratha, Surman, El-Ajelat, Motred, Abo essa, Al-Sabreya and Tripoli). A total of 65 women, 41 pregnant and 24 non-pregnant with the average age from 20 and over 41 years were included in this study. Interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire survey. The water consumed level originated from treated water (50.8%), mineral water (36.9%), wells water (10.8%) and taps water (1.5%). The majority (87.7%) consumed Chicken meat more often, whilst (53.8%) consumed Beef, thoroughly cooked meat was preferred by (87.7%). Few (1.5%) used gloves when dealing with meat. All respondents washed fruits and vegetables before consumption, consumed milk was (66.2%) of the women, while (10.8%) preferred unpasteurized milk. Only (4.6%) of women owned cats, whilst 6.2% handling them, and 33.8% were in contact with soil. (47.6%) has O blood type. 63.1% of total respondents were pregnant women, of them 70% were aborted previously one time and 14.8% were aborted two times, 11% were aborted three times and 3.7% were aborted four times. The majority of them had some knowledge about toxoplasmosis but few known of the transmission mechanism. Also the study revealed that (3.70%) of aborted respondents was owning cats or dogs, 40.7% of them were dealing with soil and all previously aborted respondents were not using gloves while handling meat. Comparison between previous abortion incidences and consumption of milk showed that 70.4% of aborted women were consumed milk daily, and regarding water sources 55.6% of aborted respondents consumed treated water and 18.5% of them consumed wells or taps water. Knowledge of these risk factors will help to reduce and prevent toxoplasmosis. The study needs further health education to increase awareness of risk factors of toxoplasmosis.
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Naully, Patricia Gita y Selvi Anggraeni Supendi. "Detection of B1 gene as Toxoplasmosis marker in women of childbearing age in West Bandung Regency, Indonesia". Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium 9, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29238/teknolabjournal.v9i2.204.
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Congenital toxoplasmosis can cause damage and death to the fetus, to prevent this case, toxoplasmosis testing is important for the woman of childbearing age. One of the methods to screening the presence of T. gondii in the blood is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). One of the T. gondii genes which can be used as a marker is the B1 gene. There are many toxoplasmosis cases in Indonesia, but the data is still difficult to find in West Bandung Regency. This study aimed to determine the number of toxoplasmosis cases in a woman of childbearing age in West Bandung Regency using the B1 gene as a marker and to determine the factors that influence these cases by conducting statistical analysis on the results of the questionnaire. The sample used in this study was 50 women of childbearing age (got married and domiciled in West Bandung). All samples have met the inclusion criteria and signed the informed consent. DNA from blood specimens was isolated using the Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit. The concentration and purity of isolated DNA were measured using a nanodrop device. Besides, the B1 gene from T. gondii was amplified using a pair of specific primers and visualized by the agarose electrophoresis method. Data were analyzed using the logistic regression method. The results showed that 7 women of childbearing age women (14%) in West Bandung Regency had toxoplasmosis. Frequent contact with pets, especially cats, was a significant factor (p <0.005) in this disease transmission.
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Tatsumi, K., B. Hannhart, C. K. Pickett, J. V. Weil y L. G. Moore. "Influences of gender and sex hormones on hypoxic ventilatory response in cats". Journal of Applied Physiology 71, n.º 5 (1 de noviembre de 1991): 1746–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.5.1746.
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Hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) is known to be increased by female as well as male sex hormones, but whether there are differences in HVR between men and women remains unclear. To determine whether gender differences exist in HVR, we undertook systematic comparisons of resting ventilation and HVR in awake male and female cats. Furthermore to explore the potential contribution of sex hormones to gender differences observed, we compared neutered and intact cats of both sexes. Resting ventilation differed among the four groups, but differences disappeared with correction for body weight. Intact females had a lower end-tidal PCO2 than intact male cats (females: 31.6 +/- 0.4 Torr vs. males: 33.6 +/- 0.4 Torr, P less than 0.05), indicating an increased alveolar ventilation per unit CO2 production. HVR expressed as the shape parameter A was similar among the four groups of animals. However, baseline (hyperoxic; end-tidal PO2 greater than 200 Torr) minute ventilation [VI(PO2 greater than 200)] differed among the groups. Therefore we normalized HVR by dividing the shape parameter A by VI(PO2 greater than 200) to compare the relative hypoxic chemosensitivity among the various groups of animals. In addition, we further normalized HVR for body weight, because body size influences ventilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Nasiru Wana, Mohammed, Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas, Malaika Watanabe, Norshariza Nordin, Ngah Zasmy Unyah, Sharif Alhassan Abdullahi, Ashraf Ahmad Issa Alapid, Tijjani Mustapha, Rusliza Basir y Roslaini Abd. Majid. "A Review on the Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Humans and Animals Reported in Malaysia from 2008–2018". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 13 (3 de julio de 2020): 4809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134809.
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Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Human toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in Malaysia has increased since it was first reported in 1973 as shown in previous reviews of 1991 and 2007. However, over a decade since the last review, comprehensive data on toxoplasmosis in Malaysia is lacking. This work aimed at reviewing articles on toxoplasmosis research in Malaysia in order to identify the research gaps, create public awareness, and efforts made so far and proffer management options on the disease. The present review examines the available published research articles from 2008 to 2018 related to toxoplasmosis research conducted in Malaysia. The articles reviewed were retrieved from nine credible databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Springer, Wiley online library, Ovid, and Cochrane using the keywords; Malaysia, toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii, toxoplasma encephalitis, seroprevalence, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, pregnant women, genotype strain, anti-toxoplasma antibodies, felines, and vaccine. The data highlighted seropositive cases from healthy community members in Pangkor Island (59.7%) and among migrant workers (57.4%) at alarming rates, as well as 42.5% in pregnant women. Data on animal seroprevalence were limited and there was no information on cats as the definitive host. Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from HIV patients; pregnant women, and domestic cats is lacking. This present review on toxoplasmosis is beneficial to researchers, health workers, animal health professionals, and policymakers. Therefore, attention is required to educate and enlighten health workers and the general public about the risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in Malaysia.
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Tété-Bénissan, Amivi, Mlatovi Dégbé, Holoud Maman, Abiba K. Banla, Agnon Balogou, Kodjo Aklikokou y Messanvi Gbeassor. "Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasmosis in Togo". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, n.º 33 (30 de noviembre de 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n33p56.
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Objectives: Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii. 50 to 70% of African are contaminated and 60% to 80% in Togo. This parasitic infection involves disorders in immunocompromised persons and pregnant women. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and the risk factors of contamination in the Togolese population. Methods: Prospective studies from January 2012 to December 2015 concerned 7076 patients. A survey on the risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii contamination has done. The seroprevalence was monitored by examining serological antibodies IgG and IgM using ELISA method. Sampling of 200 excreta of domestic cats were analyzed by coproscopy examinations Results: The average age was 32.61±6.80 years old. The seroprevalence of IgM was 2.85%; and for IgG 59.7%. IgG were high in men (67.0% vs. 58.6%, p<0.0001); IgM were high in women (2.81% vs. 1.85%, p<0.01). In this study, we observed 57.49% immunized subjects. Regarding potential risk factors for contamination, the survey revealed that 80.5% of subjects consume raw garden produce, 65.4% non-potable and 8.3% undercooked meat. In cats, 20.5% of them excreted oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii. Conclusion: The prevalence of the toxoplasmosis was high in the Togolese population because the risks factors were variable and the level of contamination were high too. The country’s health authorities, especially for the pregnant women, should install sensitization and prevention programs on the risks of the contamination of toxoplasmosis. The high proportion of the young subjects affected constitutes a socio-economical danger for the country.
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Renvall, Hanna, Noël Staeren, Nicolette Siep, Fabrizio Esposito, Ole Jensen y Elia Formisano. "Of cats and women: Temporal dynamics in the right temporoparietal cortex reflect auditory categorical processing of vocalizations". NeuroImage 62, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2012): 1877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.010.
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D'Cruz, Osmond J., Barbara Waurzyniak y Fatih M. Uckun. "Antiretroviral Spermicide WHI-07 Prevents Vaginal and Rectal Transmission of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus in Domestic Cats". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, n.º 4 (abril de 2004): 1082–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.4.1082-1088.2004.
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ABSTRACT WHI-07 [5-bromo-6-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-3′-azidothymidine-5′-(p-bromophenyl)-methoxy alaninyl phosphate] is a novel dual-function aryl phosphate derivative of zidovudine with potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and spermicidal activities. WHI-07 was active against the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). This study evaluated whether topical application of WHI-07 as a single agent and in combination with an organometallic vanadium complex, vanadocene dithiocarbamate (VDDTC), via a nontoxic gel microemulsion can block vaginal as well as rectal transmission of feline AIDS (FAIDS) by chronically FIV-infected feline T cells in the natural host model. Genital transmission of FIV was monitored in recipient cats by the appearance of viral antibodies to FIV Gag proteins and by virus isolation of blood leukocytes as measured by FIV reverse transcriptase activity and FIV-specific PCR. Microbicidal activity was considered effective when the treated cats did not show evidence of FIV infection for up to 18 weeks postchallenge. An aggregate analysis of 46 specific-pathogen-free cats revealed that a single dose of the infected cell inoculum efficiently transmitted FIV infection when delivered into the vagina (100%) or rectum (66%). Pretreatment of the vagina or rectum with 2% WHI-07 alone or in combination with 0.25% VDDTC significantly (P = 0.004) protected cats from genital transmission by the highly infectious inoculum (7 million FIVBangston-infected feline T cells). Collectively, using the vaginal and rectal transmucosal model for FAIDS, our studies demonstrated that WHI-07 either alone or in combination with a vanadocene has clinical potential for the development of a dual-function anti-HIV microbicide for sexually active women.
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Acioli, Steffany Costa, Valnizete Bernardo Da Silva Porto, José Rodrigo Da Silva Ferreira, Tereza Lúcia Gomes Quirino Maranhão, Sandra Regina Guimarães Silva, Cícera Maria Alencar Do Nascimento y Thiago José Matos Rocha. "Conhecimento das gestantes assistidas em uma unidade de atendimento obstétrico em relação à toxoplasmose gestacional". Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB 1, n.º 52 (9 de noviembre de 2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-0306a2020v1n52p129-136.
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<p>Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii that has clinical importance in pregnant women due to the risk of congenital infections, which may cause serious consequences to the fetus. Many pregnant women do not take prenatal care or seek health care late, which can also make the control of toxoplasmosis difficult. In this work, we evaluated the knowledge of pregnant women assisted in an obstetric care unit regarding gestational toxoplasmosis. A cross-sectional study of a descriptive character was carried out with pregnant women attended at a Basic Health Unit in Maceió (AL). The research sample was the non-probabilistic for convenience, covering 20 pregnant women undergoing prenatal care. Data was collected through a standardized questionnaire, from August to October 2018. It was observed that the majority of pregnant women were aged between 18 and 23 years old (50%) and had completed elementary school (45%). With regards to the knowledge about toxoplasmosis, most of the pregnant women were unaware of this zoonosis (75%). Regarding the possible factors associated with the occurrence of infection by T. gondii, 85% of pregnant women reported eating well-cooked meat, 55% consuming filtered water, 45% consuming boiled milk and only 20% reported having cats at home.</p>
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Jorge, Mariana, Ana Patrocínio, Alessandre Hataka y Julio Sequeira. "Quantification of the collagen fibers of healthy and neoplastic mammary tissue in cats by the Picrossirius Red histochemical method". Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology 14, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24070/bjvp.1983-0246.v14i1p18-23.
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Although feline mammary carcinoma is not the most prevalent among the species, its aggressive behavior represents a low life expectancy, compared with most undifferentiated types of breast cancer. Tissue stiffness induced by the accumulation of collagen fibers is related to a risk factor for carcinogenesis in healthy women and aggressiveness in those with breast cancer, which can also occur in cats. The objective of this work is to identify the relationship between stromal collagen density and aggressiveness of mammary carcinoma in cats, according to the peripheral and central tissue distribution by the Picrossirius Red histochemical method. Image.J® and MatLab® software were used for digital image processing. The mean values of kurtosis and entropy attributes were grouped into a control group, and low and high-grade carcinoma groups, analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test (p <0.01). Interpretation of stromal dynamics is important to evaluate both central and peripheral locations. According to entropy, there was a significant increase in the peripheral density in the carcinoma groups in relation to the control group, which can be justified by blood support. The same can be said of the central region, with a significant gain in collagen fibers from the tumors, indicated by kurtosis. The results suggest the presence of increases in stromal density in mammary carcinomas of cats, regardless of their graduation, and occurring in both regions.
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Hayes, Shawn G., Nicolas B. Moya Del Pino y Marc P. Kaufman. "Estrogen attenuates the cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to central command in cats". Journal of Applied Physiology 92, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2002): 1635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00981.2001.
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Static exercise is well known to increase heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and ventilation. These increases appear to be less in women than in men, a difference that has been attributed to an effect of estrogen on neuronal function. In decerebrate male cats, we examined the effect of estrogen (17β-estradiol; 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 μg/kg iv) on the cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to central command and the exercise pressor reflex, the two neural mechanisms responsible for evoking the autonomic and ventilatory responses to exercise. We found that 17β-estradiol, in each of the three doses tested, attenuated the pressor, cardioaccelerator, and phrenic nerve responses to electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (i.e., central command). In contrast, none of the doses of 17β-estradiol had any effect on the pressor, cardioaccelerator, and ventilatory responses to static contraction or stretch of the triceps surae muscles. We conclude that, in decerebrate male cats, estrogen injected intravenously attenuates cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to central command but has no effect on responses to the exercise pressor reflex.
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Caetano, Isabel Cristina Da Silva, Graziela Vendrame Rodrigues, Daniela Dib Gonçalves, Fabiana Maria Ruíz Lopes-Mori, Regina Mitsuka-Breganó, Roberta Lemos Freire, Italmar Teodorico Navarro, Francisco Hiroshi Matumoto, José Gonçalves Dias Neto y Luiz Sergio Merlini. "Toxoplasmosis seroepidemiology in pregnant women in a city in the Northwest region of the Paraná State, Brazil". Medicina Veterinária (UFRPE) 11, n.º 2 (13 de diciembre de 2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26605/medvet-n2-1738.
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Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by the Toxoplasma gondii protozoa. The congenital form happens when the parasite reaches the fetus through the placenta and causes damages of different intensities, which can be consequence of the strain virulence, of the immune response capability of the pregnant woman or even of the pregnancy stage, and can result in fetal death or severe clinical symptomatology. The aim of this paper was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pregnant woman seen at the Basic Health Units (BHU) in the city of Umuarama (PR) and check for possible toxoplasmosis associations with social-demographic characteristics, behavior and environmental variables. In this study, a total of 813 pregnant women who had their prenatal exams at the BHU in the city of Umuarama (PR) were included. Blood samples collected from these subjects were submitted to IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii antibody survey. Each pregnant woman answered an epidemiological questionnaire for the detection of variables, which were later analyzed by the EpiInfo program. The prevalence detected for IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies were 56.8% and 1.0%, respectively. The variables age group, education level, per capita income, number of pregnancies, ingestion of fresh sausage, presence of peridomiciliary cats in the backyard and the habit of ingesting farm milk showed association to the infection by T. gondii.
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Peterson, Helen y Kristina Engwall. "“Why Would You Want a Baby When You Could Have a Dog?” Voluntarily Childless Women’s “Peternal” Feelings, Longing and Ambivalence". Social Sciences 8, n.º 4 (20 de abril de 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8040126.
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This article explores voluntarily childless women’s experiences and understandings of human-animal interactions and their attitudes towards companion animals. It draws on interviews with 15 Swedish women who expressed a lack of “maternal” feelings and therefore had remained voluntarily childless, or childfree (used here as two interchangeable concepts). Instead, the women described how they perceived the attachment bonds to companion animals that they had developed as similar to, or even superior to, the attachments bonds between parents and their children. The article thus introduces the expressions “peternal”, and “peternal feelings”, to denote these women’s attachment bonds to companion animals (primarily cats and dogs). The results, however, also illustrate that few of the women actually took on the role as “pet parent”. Although they longed to develop attachment bonds with companion animals, they were conflicted and experienced ambivalence, leading to decisions to develop avoidance strategies, resembling those involved in the childfree decision. Hence, many of them described themselves as both childfree and “petfree”.
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Fritz, Curtis L., Lynette A. Hart, Thomas B. Farver y Philip H. Kass. "Companion Animals and the Psychological Health of Alzheimer Patients' Caregivers". Psychological Reports 78, n.º 2 (abril de 1996): 467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.78.2.467.
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A sample of 244 persons in northern California who provided care for individuals with possible or probable Alzheimer's disease was studied to examine the effect of association with companion animals on three indices of psychological health. 124 caregivers had regular contact with pets; 120 caregivers did not. Men who were attached to dogs scored better on some measures of psychological health than did men who had no pets. Women less than 40 years old who were attached to cats scored better on some measures of psychological health than did the same-age women who had no pets. Women aged 40 to 59 years who were attached to dogs scored worse on measures of life satisfaction and depression than did the same-age women who had no pets. The data suggested a positive indirect effect on caregivers' mental health through interaction between the pet and the patient, but small strata numbers precluded definitive conclusions. Association with pets appeared to temper some of the psychological stress associated with caring for a cognitively impaired adult among young female and male caregivers but not among middle-aged female caregivers.
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REY, Luís C. y Isabel L. C. RAMALHO. "Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil". Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 41, n.º 3 (mayo de 1999): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651999000300007.
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A serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in population groups in Fortaleza, Brazil, was conducted, in order to identify seroprevalence rates according to age and risk factors associated with acquired infection. A Toxoplasma IgG-antibody enzyme immunoassay (Sanofi Pasteur Diagnostics, Marnes la Coquette, France) was employed to assess the immunity. Public day-care centers and schools were randomly selected, while three large antenatal clinics and maternity units were choosen by its importance. Population groups and results of 997 blood tests were: 227 children (mean age 3.8 years), 22.8% seropositives; 584 students (mean 11.4 years), 58.4%, and pregnant and postpartum women (mean 24 years), 71.5% seropositives (p < 0.001). Of 256 participants reporting close contact with cats, 59.8% were seropositive, in contrast with 51% seropositives without contact (relative risk 1.17; 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.33; p = 0.01). Having three or more siblings at home was related to higher seroprevalence in children and students (relative risk 1.39; 95% confidence interval 1.21-1.60; p < 0.01). In conclusion, toxoplasmosis seroprevalence showed a rapid increase during the first ten years of life, in association with close contact with cats and larger households, probably related to inappropriate hygiene and child-care practices.
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Kogan, Lori R., Jennifer Currin-McCulloch, Cori Bussolari, Wendy Packman y Phyllis Erdman. "The Psychosocial Influence of Companion Animals on Positive and Negative Affect during the COVID-19 Pandemic". Animals 11, n.º 7 (13 de julio de 2021): 2084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11072084.
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The initial months of COVID-19 forced people to quickly adapt to dramatic changes to their daily lives. As a result of the inevitable decrease in access to social support available during the lockdown phase of COVID-19, countless individuals relied upon their companion dogs and cats. Given the strong connections people often have with their companion animals, this study hypothesized that companion dogs and cats would positively impact guardians’ mental health. Anonymous, cross-sectional online surveys were used to test this premise. A total of 5061 responses, primarily females (89%) from the United States (84%), were analyzed. Results suggest that companion animals played a critical role in helping reduce feelings of depression, anxiety, isolation, and loneliness for a majority of pet guardians. Companion animals also helped increase guardians’ experiences of self-compassion, ability to maintain a regular schedule, feel a sense of purpose and meaning, and cope with uncertainty. This was most pronounced for women under the age of 40 who were highly bonded to their companion animal. In conclusion, our study suggests that a companion dog or cat can buffer the effects of extreme stress and social isolation as witnessed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Sultan, Sarwin y Wijdan M. S. Mero. "Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasmosis by Using ELISA and IgG Avidity Test in Relation to Some Risk Factors among Women at Childbearing Age in Zakho City, Duhok Province/ Iraq." Al-Qadisiyah Journal Of Pure Science 26, n.º 4 (5 de julio de 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29350/qjps.2021.26.4.1331.
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This study intended to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies in the sera of 630 women at childbearing age, and to link the outcomes with some risk factors. The enrolled women visited Zakho Maternity Hospital from July 2018 to July 2019. Their ages ranged from 15 to 45 years. All samples were examined using ELISA to detect immunoglobulin G and M, in addition to performing IgG Avidity test for seropositive pregnant women.
The differences between seropositivity and age was significant (p<0.05), the highest rate (20.43%) for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies in the age group 33-38 years. Women who had more contact with cats showed higher IgG and IgM seropositivity rates (16.45% and 1.26%, respectively). Married women had higher IgG Abs seropositivity than single ones (12.52% vs 6.31%, respectively), moreover, only married women were seropositive for IgM Abs. Pregnant women presented higher IgG Abs seropositivity than non-pregnant (15.21% versus 10.49%), with almost equal seropositivity for IgM Abs (0.65% and 0.86%, respectively).
Anti-Toxoplasma IgG Abs seropositivity was higher in women underwent miscarriages than those with normal pregnancies (18.44 vs. 8.81%), however IgM Abs was only found among women who had miscarriages (0.97%). Women with triple miscarriages presented the highest IgG Abs seropositivity (37.03%). Chronic infection was found in 68.75% of pregnant women, whereas acute infection was found in 31.25 %. Following up the pregnancy resulted in 15 healthy births, 9 miscarriages, and 10 women did not show up.
The findings of this study demonstrate the relationship between toxoplasmosis and risk factors in women at childbearing age, with the aim of decreasing infection rates through the health education and application of hygienic measures.
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Hellmén, Eva. "Complex mammary tumours in the female dog: a review". Journal of Dairy Research 72, S1 (14 de julio de 2005): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002202990500124x.
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Spontaneous mammary tumours are most frequently seen (apart from rodents) in women, female dogs and cats. The mammary gland is the most commonly affected organ for tumours in women and in female dogs. The mammary gland has a similar histology in the different species whereas the number of glands differs as well as the number of interlobular ducts that reach the nipple/teat. The parenchymatous tissue is composed of alveoli that turn into interlobular ducts. The whole ductal tree is outlined by a two-layered epithelium with the luminal epithelial cells adjacent to the lumen and the more sparse myoepithelial cells peripherally located to these. Different proteins such as growth factors regulate the mammary gland, as they do for all tissues in the body. In addition, sex hormones regulate the biology of the mammary gland. Oestrogen has the most pronounced effect on duct growth whereas progesterone promotes growth of the alveoli.
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Singh, Bhavana, Linda Batsa Debrah, Godfred Acheampong y Alexander Yaw Debrah. "Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Kumasi: A Cross-Sectional Study at a District-Level Hospital, Ghana". Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021 (2 de abril de 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6670219.
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Background. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in a district-level hospital in Ghana and compared the diagnostic performance of the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for T. gondii diagnosis. Method. This cross-sectional study included 400 consecutive consenting women in their first-trimester stage of pregnancy. A validated well-structured closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and possible risk factors of each participant. Blood samples were collected for analysis of T. gondii IgG and IgM using the commercial ELISA Kit and RDT. Results. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education ( cOR = 1.9 , 95% CI (1.1-3.1), and p = 0.020 ) and contact with cats ( cOR = 1.7 , 95% CI (1.1-2.8), and p = 0.030 ) were significant predictors of T. gondii infection, with the former being the only independent risk factor for T. gondii infection ( aOR = 1.8 , 95% CI (1.0-3.0), and p = 0.034 ) by the ELISA method. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of RDT-IgM against ELISA were 42.9%, 95.9%, and 0.694, respectively, whereas those of RDT-IgG were 31.0%, 91.2%, and 0.611, respectively. The diagnostic consistency between the two methods was fair for both RDT-IgM ( κ = 0.304 ) and RDT-IgG ( κ = 0.201 ). Conclusion. The prevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women at Kumasi is 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education and contact with cats were the major risk factors of T. gondii infection. Using ELISA as the reference, the RDT used in this study for the diagnosis of T. gondii infection has low sensitivity, and therefore, it is unreliable. However, this finding does not invalidate all RDTs because there are several other brands of RDT with good sensitivity and specificity. Further studies to ascertain the performance of other commercially available RDT kits are needed.
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Al-Eryani, Samira M., Abdulsalam M. Al-Mekhlafi, Latifa A. Al-Shibani, Mohammed M. K. Mahdy y Ahmed A. Azazy. "Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Yemen: Factors associated with high seroprevalence". Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, n.º 06 (30 de junio de 2016): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.6638.
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Introduction: Although toxoplasmosis is an important public health problem, there is scarcity of data on the disease available from Yemen. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in health facilities to determine seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Sana’a, the capital city of Yemen. Methodology: A total of 593 pregnant women were included and examined for anti-T. gondii antibodies (Ab) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bio and socio-demographic data were collected by pre-tested structured questionnaires through face-to-face interviews. Results: The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 45.4% (95% confidence interval: 41%–49%). The prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM was 43.7 (95% CI: 40–%48%) and 9.1% (95% CI: 7%–12%), respectively. About 7.4 (95% CI: 6%–10%) of pregnant women were seropositive for both IgG and IgM Abs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following risk factors for toxplasmosis (IgG and/or IgM): age ≥ 25 years (adjusted OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.44–2.84, p < 0.001), rearing cats in the house (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.20–2.55, p = 0.004), and contact with soil (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.32–2.75, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The study reported high seroprevalence among pregnant women in Sana’a, Yemen, with a high proportion of pregnant women having a possibility of acute toxoplasmosis. This highlights the need for including routine screening for T. gondii in pregnant women in the country’s antenatal clinics. In addition, health education on the mode of transmission of toxoplasmosis should be provided for pregnant women in Yemen.