Tesis sobre el tema "Cavité temporelle"
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Szriftgiser, Pascal. "Cavité gravitationnelle et optique atomique temporelle". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011912.
Texto completoChiquier, Jean-Michel. "Compression temporelle par effet Raman intra-cavité et compression spectrale des impulsions d'un laser à excimère". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112084.
Texto completoDaude, Frédéric. "Méthode d'intégration temporelle implicite pour la simulation des grandes échelles : application à la réduction du bruit de cavité". Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2256.
Texto completoA study concerning the analysis of implicit time integration methods for Large-Eddy Simulation of compressible flows is presented. The objective is the increasement of the numerical efficiency of schemes to tackle multiscale problems in aerodynamic like controlled flows. This work is divided into three parts: 1- an analysis of the influence of the convergence residual and numerical parameters on the accuracy of the numerical solution, 2 - the developpement of an efficient strategy based on an new block local optimisation, 3 - the demonstration of the potentiability of the method proposed in the case of a transonic cavity flow controlled by means a spanwise cylinder. The method makes it possible to reduce the computational effort by a factor 10
Uschanoff, Nicolas. "Dynamique spectro-temporelle d'une diode laser en cavité externe : application à la spectroscopie d'absorption haute sensibilité par intracavité laser". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10243.
Texto completoLebouteiller, Claire. "Dispositif pour le chargement rapide d'une cavité miniaturisée : vers un registre de qubits atomiques". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066100/document.
Texto completoThe study of quantum entanglement is a very active research field. Cavity quantum electrodynamics systems are versatile tools allowing for instance entanglement in mesoscopic systems, that is to say with about a hundred particles. The purpose of the new experimental setup built during this thesis is to reach the single atom manipulation and detection level while working with mesoscopic ensembles, collectively coupled to the cavity mode. Toward this goal, three new experimental techniques have been developed to enable reliable and fast data acquisition rate, essential to reconstruct entangled states by quantum tomography means. First, robust extended cavity diode lasers have been constructed, allowing acquisitions that last for days. Then, a pulsed atomic source has been set up, it combines the advantages of fast magneto-optical trap loading and long lifetime in conservative traps by modulating the pressure inside a single vacuum chamber apparatus on a short timescale. Finally, to ensure the fast transport of cold atomic ensembles from the magneto-optical trap to the cavity position, a dipole trap moved with an acousto-optic deflector has been built. This allows a transport over few centimetres leaving the full optical access to the atomic cloud for other manipulations. Thanks to this new experimental setup, we hope to contribute to the understanding of the rich physics lying beyond multi-particle entangled systems
Müller, Markus. "Etude du polariton en cavité en régime de forte excitation : dynamique et non-linéarités dans les microcavités II-VI". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10215.
Texto completoBasley, Jérémy. "Étude Expérimentale des Ondes et Structures Cohérentes dans un Écoulement Tridimensionnel de Cavité Ouverte". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822898.
Texto completoMazières, Valentin. "Claquage microonde par retournement temporel". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30230.
Texto completoOne of the challenges that face plasma technologies is the development of plasma source concepts that can be scaled to larger dimensions, for example for the surface processing of large objects (solar panels, flat screens, large wafers, etc.). However, the more the area to be processed is large, the more it is difficult to process it. In fact, when increasing the area these technologies face physical and technological limitations. For microwave plasma sources, the inability to control plasmas comes from the multi-mode nature of large cavities, which makes the control of the spatial distribution of the electric field (and thus of the plasma) inside very difficult with conventional technologies. The objective of this thesis is to develop a microwave plasma source addressing this need for plasma control in large cavities (multimode). We then introduced an innovative concept of microwave plasma source: the "wave plasma brush". The principle of this plasma source consists in dynamically controlling the position of the plasma in a cavity by playing on the waveform of the transmitted signal to the cavity. The idea is then to use "Time Reversal", which allows a spatio-temporal focusing of the electromagnetic energy in large cavities.This thesis proposes the first theoretical studies and the first experimental demonstrations of the concept of "wave plasma brush"
PATRASCU, ANDREEA. "Instabilites spatio-temporelles dans une cavite en anneau". Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112250.
Texto completoMarconi, Mathias. "Structures localisées temporelles dans les lasers à semi-conducteur à cavité verticale". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4098/document.
Texto completoLocalized Structures (LS) appear in nonlinear dissipative media with large aspect-ratios where one or several solutions coexist in the parameters space. Although LS formation is a general phenomenon, their implementation in semiconductor lasers is of great interest due to the potential of LS for all-optical data processing. In fact, the basic idea consists in using LS as bits of information exploiting their property of addressability in a fast and small-sized medium. In this contribution, I will show the experimental and theoretical results obtained in Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs). After a brief historical introduction on spatial LS emerging in the transverse profile of VCSELs, I will describe our method for the generation of temporal LS, that we observed in the frame of passive mode-locking when the VCSEL is coupled to a long external cavity closed by a fast saturable absorber, and vectorial LS, whose formation exploits the polarization degree of freedom of the VCSEL, which is submitted to the actions of a polarization-selective feedback (PSF) and a crossed-polarization reinjection (XPR)
LE, BOLZER Françoise. "Hybridation de la technique des differences finies dans le domaine temporel (fdtd) et de l'optique physique temporelle (tdpo). Application aux antennes microruban en cavite". Rennes, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAR0002.
Texto completoZabbal, Paul. "Conception d’un dispositif de contrôle non-destructif par ultrasons de structure collée exploitant une cavité réverbérante à retournement temporel". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0316/document.
Texto completoBonding is of great interest to replace traditional assembly techniques, as it makes it possible to lighten structures, through a better distribution of stresses but also to limit the stresses associated with assembling different materials. However, the lack of a robust non-destructive control technique for bonding quality and more particularly adhesion slows down its development, particularly in the aeronautical field. In this work an ultrasonic inspection method of glued interfaces which should reveal defects in adhesion is proposed. This technique is validated on a system representative of industrial applications, metal substrates bonded by a thin film epoxy adhesive. Defects have been introduced into the adhesive interface (in the adhesive or at the adhesive/substrate interface) in order to simulate defects encountered in an industrial environment. In order to improve the detection capabilities of conventional linear ultrasonic guided waves methods, algorithms for reconstructing optimized dispersion curves have been developed. However, the guided waves were not sufficiently sensitive to low interfaces in this configuration, where adhesives are thin, and an uncertainty of material thickness is tolerated. Therefore, control methods based on the non-linear interaction between a high amplitude ultrasonic wave and a defect are proposed. To detect and quantify these non-linearities, sufficiently energetic ultrasound must be generated, which generally involves the use of potentially intrinsically non-linear electronic power devices. To overcome these technological limitations, a dedicated device is proposed, using transducers powered under low voltage and placed on a reverberant object. The emission of complex signals previously established by calibration makes it possible to concentrate acoustic energy temporally and spatially, to generate after time reversal ultrasonic particle movements of high amplitude on the surface of the controlled sample. To validate this approach, the device is used to control glued interfaces in which different types of gluing defects have been introduced: pollution (PTFE particles, release agent, fingerprints, etc.), insert. The samples are finally mechanically tested to assess the sensitivity of the interface resistance to the presence of these defects
Cenier, Tristan. "Interactions entre rythmes rapides et rythmes lents dans la représentation de l’information olfactive dans le réseau bulbaire". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10093/document.
Texto completoA striking feature of the olfactory sensory system is its ability to deal with a complex multi-dimensional chemical stimuli. Receptor cells in the nasal cavity are sensitive to specific features of molecules and transmit this information to the olfactory bulb, first relay for olfaction in the central nervous system. Due to the organization of projection pathways to the bulb, afferent information activates the structure in a topographical fashion ; although this may constitute a coding strategy for olfactory information it has proven insufficient, and other strategies must be investigated. Dynamic phenomenons are a preponderant feature of the olfactory bulb. The respiratory rhythm imposes a sinusoidal level of activation to the system, oscillations in local field potentials and subthreshold oscillations in neurons membrane potentials may interact and lead to the transient synchronization of sub-populations of neurons. This particular mechanism, designated as neural assemblies, is in theory a good candidate for the representation of olfactory information. The work presented here is based on conjoint recordings, in anesthetized animals, of unitary activities, oscillations in the LFP and respiration, in response to olfactory stimulation. We show the relationships existing between the various dynamic phenomenons, and hypothesize on their functional roles. We propose that a same mechanism may form different neural assemblies each assuming a specific functional role. The respiratory rhythm acts as a gating system, organizing the formation of successive yet different neural assemblies
Dioum, Bakhao. "Manipulation and Characterization of Multimode Quantum Light in Photonic Systems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILR072.
Texto completoThis thesis advances multimode quantum optics through two major theoretical and practical contributions.First, we introduce temporal cavities as a novel approach to temporal mode filtering, leveraging space-time duality principles to translate spatial mode-cleaning cavity principles to the temporal domain. Unlike existing approaches, this filter operation does not rely on nonlinear interactions or phase matching, preserves the carrier frequency, and maintains the temporal mode structure intact. We demonstrate practical implementation feasibility using electro-optic time lenses and diffraction gratings, with comprehensive parameter optimization strategies for both classical and quantum applications.Second, we address fundamental limitations in quantum state detection through interferometers with memory effect (IME). We establish new criteria for predicting hidden squeezing directly from system parameters and develop novel smooth decomposition methods for implementing frequency-dependent unitaries.These innovations enable perfect mode-matching for states exhibiting complex spectral features and morphing supermodes, which are more common than previously recognized in cavity-based quantum systems. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through detailed case studies of optical parametric oscillator configurations
Portal, Nicolas. "Segmentation et suivi temporel automatiques des cavités cardiaques en IRM dynamique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS306.
Texto completoThe aim of the thesis is to develop a deep learning algorithm ableof segmenting all cardiac cavities in short-axis MRI image sequences. The algorithm will be used to initialize and spatially constrain the "cardio-track" software, which can perform semi-automatic segmentation throughout the cardiac cycle. This algorithm will allow for the extraction of biomarkers that can facilitate the diagnosis of cardiac pathologies. Then, in a second phase, an algorithm for tracking contour points in MRI sequences (dynamic MRI) will be developed. This algorithm will estimate the displacement of contour points using temporal information in order to compute the deformation of cardiac structures. In particular, myocardial regional strain can be estimated to predict the occurrence of myocardial infarctions. The estimated cardiac strain will then be compared with the ground truth strain computed by the CardioTrack software
Gouzien, Élie. "Optique quantique multimode pour le traitement de l'information quantique". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4110.
Texto completoThis thesis studies multimode quantum optics, from generation to detection of light. It focuses on three main parts. Multimode squeezed states generation within cavity is studied. More specifically, we take into account general quadratic Hamiltonian, which allows describing experiments involving arbitrary number of modes and pumps within a medium performing four-wave mixing. We describe a generic approach combining Green functions and symplectic matrix decomposition. This general theory is illustrated on specific cases. First, low-dimensional examples are given. Then, a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) is described and studied; it shows a very distinct behavior from that of the SPOPO using second order non-linearity. This work opens way to the realization of quantum frequency combs with ring micro-resonators engraved on silicon. Single-photon detectors are described taking into account temporal degrees of freedom. We give positive-valued measurement operators describing such detectors including realistic imperfections such as timing-jitter, finite efficiency and dark counts. Use of those operators is illustrated on common quantum optics experiments. Finally, we show how time-resolved measurement allows improving the quality of state generated by single-photon heralded source. In the third part we propose a protocol for generating a hybrid state entangling continuous and discrete variables parts, for which the discrete part is time-bin encoded. This scheme is aanalysed in detail with respect to its resilience to experimental imperfections
Basley, Jérémy. "An Experimental Investigation on Waves and Coherent Structures in a Three-Dimensional Open Cavity Flow". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112245/document.
Texto completoA space-time study of a three-dimensional nonlinearly saturated open cavity flow is undertaken using time-resolved space-extended experimental data, acquired in both cross-stream and spanwise planes, in incompressible air and water flows. Through use of multiple modal decompositions in time and space, the waves and coherent structures composing the dynamics in the permanent regime are identified and characterised with respect to the instabilities arising in the flow.Effects of nonlinearities are thoroughly investigated in the impinging shear layer, regarding the self-sustained oscillations and their interactions with the inner-flow. In particular, the analysis conducted throughout the parameter space enlightens a global connection between the selection of locked-on modes and the amplitude modulation at the impingement and the mode switching phenomenon. Furthermore, observations of low frequencies interacting drastically with the shear layer flapping motion underline the existence of intrinsic coherent three-dimensional dynamics inside the cavity in spite of the shear layer disturbances.Linear stability analyses have demonstrated that centrifugal instabilities are at play along the main recirculation. The present investigation of the dynamics after onset of the saturation reveals numerous space-time coherent structures, whose properties are quantified and classified with respect to the underlying instabilities: travelling or standing spanwise waves. Finally, some patterns exhibited by the saturated structures suggest that the nonlinear mechanisms governing the mutations of the flow after the linear regime could gain more insight in the frame of amplitude equations
Chiquier, Jean-Michel. "Compression temporelle par effet Raman intra-cavité et compression spectrale des impulsions d'un laser à excimère". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612742x.
Texto completoRupin, Matthieu. "Cavité réverbérante et résonateurs sub-longueur d'onde : approches numériques et expérimentales". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY082/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is divided into two parts. First, we present a new technique for focusing waves with one emitter in reverberant cavity (OCIF) inspired by inverse filter algorithm. Through the experimental study of reverberant cavities in the field of ultrasound, we demonstrate the ability of the OCIF to optimize the focusing no matter what type of cavity (ergodic type or not). In a second part, we investigate the propagation of elastic waves in a system formed by a set of aluminum rods glued to a thin plate of the same material. These rods form a set of quasi-punctual resonators in the propagation plane of waves. It is possible to arrange them periodically or randomly on a subwavelength scale. The metamaterial thus formed shows a complex wave field within it, including the presence of wide prohibited frequency ranges (bandgaps). The experimental and numerical approaches described in this manuscript show the existence of both flexural and compressional resonances in the resonators. Added to the presence of a conversion of a portion of the energy from the $A0$ Lamb mode to the $S0$ one in the plate, such a complexity makes this type of metamaterials, quite unusual objects at the mesoscopic scale
Caicedo, Alejandro. "Caractéristiques neurochimiques des neurones préservant l'information temporelle dans le système auditif du rat et du cobaye". Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON1T017.
Texto completoAfi, Sahbi. "Contribution a l'amelioration de la coherence temporelle et de la diminution du courant de seuil d'un laser semiconducteur par adjonction d'une cavite exterieure". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13195.
Texto completoArnal, Bastien. "Elastographie pour le suivi des thérapies par ultrasons focalisés et nouveau concept de cavité à retournement temporel pour l'histotripsie". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00786523.
Texto completoEtaix, Nicolas. "Imagerie acoustique à faible nombre de transducteurs au moyen d'une cavité acoustique". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00781296.
Texto completoCatheline, Stefan. "ETUDES EXPERIMENTALES EN ACOUSTIQUE : DE L'ELASTOGRAPHIE AUX CAVITES REVERBERANTES". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00378138.
Texto completoDans la deuxième partie, nous nous attachons à décrire la viscosité des tissus biologiques. Cette problématique a été étudiée pendant la thèse de Jean-Luc Gennisson (soutenue en septembre 2003) d'un point de vue académique et pendant la thèse de Jeremy Bercoff (décembre 2004) pour une application en imagerie médicale. Enfin, une coopération avec Ralph Sinkus (Philipps Research Hamburg) dans le domaine de l'élastographie par IRM a permis de jeter les bases d'un algorithme de problème inverse visco-élastique.
Notre quête des paramètres mécaniques des tissus biologiques nous a naturellement amenés vers le sujet de la troisième partie : l'anisotropie. Avec Jean-Luc Gennisson alors en thèse, nous avons mené à l'institut de Myologie de l' hôpital La Pitié Salpêtrière ainsi qu'avec Christophe Cornu et Pierre Portero, une campagne expérimentale portant sur les mesures d'élasticité transverse du biceps sur dix volontaires. Ces travaux scientifiques dans les milieux biologiques où l'anisotropie est une règle plutôt qu'une exception, nous ont permis d'établir des collaborations fructueuses avec Steve Levinson, université de Rochester, NY, pionnier de l'élastographie stationnaire. L'excellent accord entre les expériences et la théorie de l'élasticité dans les milieux anisotropes nous a poussés à formuler avec Ralph Sinkus (Philipps Research Hamburg) les bases d'un algorithme de problème inverse visco-anisotrope.
Si l'étude de la non linéarité dans les métaux, les cristaux et les roches a donné lieu à de nombreuses publications, la littérature est extrêmement avare en matière de non linéarité dans les solides mous. De ce fait, cette troisième partie qui décrit des recherches à caractère fondamental, constitue la partie la plus académique du mémoire. Grâce à l'élastographie transitoire, nous avons pu obtenir des résultats quantitatifs sur la mesure des coefficients non linéaires de Landau. Les résultats d'expériences d'acoustoélasticité, celles d'ondes transverses de fortes amplitudes ou d'interactions non linéaires d'ondes transverses menées avec Jean-Luc Gennisson, Jeremy Bercoff (thèse soutenue en décembre 2004) et Xavier Jacob (soutenance de thèse prévue en mai 2005) convergent vers la conclusion suivante : si le coefficient élastique de compression du second ordre λ est de six ordres de grandeur supérieur au coefficient élastique de cisaillement μ dans les solides mous, il en va de même pour les coefficients élastiques non linéaires de compression du troisième ordre B et C par rapport au coefficient élastique non linéaire de cisaillement A. Ces résultats expérimentaux nous ont permis de collaborer avec les théoriciens de grande renommée, Yuri Ilinsky et Zhenia Zabolotskaya de l'université de Huston, TX, que nous avons eu le plaisir d'accueillir trois semaines au laboratoire en juillet 2004.
Comme j'ai passé toutes les années de thèse dans un laboratoire dont le thème de recherche principal est le retournement temporel des ondes acoustiques, il était fatal que, tôt ou tard, cette thématique très riche et très féconde me contamine. Mes premières expériences de retournement temporel acoustique ont été effectuées sur un coin de table au Marine Physical Laboratory, à l'institut Scripps de San Diego, CA, pendant mon année post doctorale dont le thème était : « mesures ultrasonores de diamètres de vaisseaux sanguins ». A mon retour au laboratoire Ondes et Acoustique en janvier 2000, Ros Kiri Ing, Mathias Fink et moi avons lancé cette thématique sur le retournement temporel des cavités réverbérantes immergées, qui s'est avérée partager avec les expériences de retournement temporel dans les milieux multidiffuseurs ou dans les guides d'ondes bon nombre de problématiques.
Ces recherches, dont l'essentiel est synthétisé dans le second chapitre, ont été menées parallèlement aux activités d'élastographie et, bien entendu, parallèlement à mes activités d'enseignement à l'université de Paris 7. Outre l'intérêt scientifique de vérifier les lois de la diffraction ou le principe d'Huygens dans des cavités chaotiques en contact avec un transducteur ultrasonore unique, nous avons montré pendant la thèse de Nicolas Quieffin (soutenue en décembre 2004) comment le champ acoustique réverbéré pouvait être contrôlé afin de focaliser les ultrasons en temps réel à l'extérieur de la cavité immergée. Les applications potentielles de ce procédé dans le domaine de l'imagerie notamment médicale pourraient permettre d'envisager des systèmes utilisant un petit nombre de transducteurs donc à faible coût. Mais c'est dans un tout autre domaine, celui de l'interactivité, que ce procédé est apparu immédiatement utile. Ros Kiri Ing et moi avec le projet ReverSys « les interfaces acoustiques interactives » soutenu par AGORANOV, incubateur d'entreprises de
technologies innovantes, avons obtenu la mention spéciale du jury au Grand Prix de l'Innovation de la Ville de Paris 2003. Sous l'impulsion de Ros Kiri Ing, la société Sensitive Object a vu le jour en octobre 2003.
Afi, Sahbi. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la cohérence temporelle et de la diminution du courant de seuil d'un laser semiconducteur par adjonction d'une cavité extérieure". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602126t.
Texto completoRobin, Justine. "Development of a 3D time reversal cavity for pulsed cavitational ultrasound : application to non-invasive cardiac therapy". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC273/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis was to explore new applications for cardiac histotripsy, and to develop the tools making it possible non-invasively. Cardiac ultrasound therapy indeed still remains limited due to the tremendous challenge of treating a constantly and rapidly moving organ, well protected behind the ribcage.We first showed in vivo, on a large animal model, that histotripsy could be used non-invasively to cut mitral chordae, and to treat calcified aortic stenosis in a beating heart. Cavitation on the valve leaflets can indeed locally and remotely act on the calcifications, and globally soften the valve. Simultaneously, we developed a therapeutic device allowing completely non-invasive cardiac shock-wave therapy based on the time reversal cavity concept. In particular, this device allows the emission of high intensity ultrasound pulses, and provides 3D electronical steering of the therapy focal spot in a large volume. After a thorough optimisation process, this device was capable of creating well controlled mechanical lesions over a 2 000 cm3 region of interest. To tackle the challenge of ultrasound propagation through the rib cage, we developed an adaptive focusing method (DORT method through a time reversal cavity), and implemented it in a 2D prototype of the device. With this method, we not only could build an adaptive ultrasonic wavefront propagating preferentially through the intercostal spaces, but due to time reversal cavities properties, we could also increase the peak pressure obtained on target.Finally, we pushed our work on adaptive focusing further, and considered the case of transcranial imaging. For this application, we chose to use the time reversal of speckle noise technique, to correct the aberrations induced by the skull. In numerical simulations, we were able to derive the phase and amplitude modulations induced by the bones, and could improve the contrast and resolution of a B-mode image
Tronche, Hervé. "Contribution à l'étude de la mise en phase de lasers à solide et à semiconducteur : prise en compte des effets temporels". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ESAE0004.
Texto completoFederico, Maxime. "Spatio-temporal description of single photons : from cavity production to local detection". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK013.
Texto completoThis work provides an analysis of spatio-temporal properties of single-photon states. Starting with a direct quantization in position space representation, we show that two different formulations are equivalent, i.e., they give the same quantum theory. The equivalence is formulated in terms of isomorphisms of their respective Hilbert space of states. We then use this construction in position space to study the propagation of photons in terms of pulses and we show that the dynamics of any state of the quantum electromagnetic field is given by the classical Maxwell equations for the classical pulse onto which the photons are defined. We also construct a model for local detection of photons using the energy density operator. This model allows us to show the nonlocality of all single-photon states using the anti-local property of the frequency operator Ω=c(-Δ)^{1/2}. We then characterize this nonlocal property for a single-photon state spontaneously emitted by a Hydrogen atom and we show a radial decay of its energy density of 1/r^6 in the asymptotic limit of large distances r from the atom. Finally, we consider the production of photons in cavities where we show through topological arguments that in the adiabatic limit, the rotating wave approximation is justified and thus the photons produced with these techniques can be very close to perfect single photons. We also construct as a preliminary result a heuristic model using quasinormal modes to describe the production of photons inside leaky cavities
Soltane, Ayoub. "Contributions expérimentales originales en chambres réverbérantes à brassage de modes et en cavités surdimensionnées". Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0092/document.
Texto completoThe reverberation chamber (RC) is an oversized closed metal cavity, equipped with a mode-stirrer. The mode stirring makes the electromagnetic field homogeneous and isotropic inside the RC (in its useful volume). This thesis illustrates firstly a new method for evaluating the performance of a mode-stirrer (via the Doppler spectrum). Then, it presents a new method for measuring the radar cross section (RCS) of a canonical object using the time-gating technique. Finally, it presents a new method for measuring the antenna radiation pattern in an oversized cavity via the time-gating technique
Li, Yifeng. "Développement d'outils de simulation numérique pour l'élastodynamique non linéaire : application à l'imagerie acoustique de défauts à l'aide de transducteur à cavité chaotique". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578755.
Texto completoLi, Yifeng. "Développement d’outils de simulation numérique pour l’élastodynamique non linéaire : application à l’imagerie acoustique de défauts à l’aide de transducteur à cavité chaotique". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECLI0014/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis we propose the development of an innovative micro-damage imaging system based on a combination of Nonlinear Elastic Wave Spectroscopy techniques and “chaotic cavity transducer” concept. It consists of a combination of a PZT ceramic glued to a cavity of chaotic shape with the time reversal principle. The feasibility and capabilities of these new ideas is explored by numerical simulations, and optimal operational parameters for experimental implementation are suggested based on the modelling support. A large part of the research work conducted in this thesis is concentrated on the development of numerical simulation tools to help the improvement of such nonlinear imaging methods. A nodal Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Method (DG-FEM) scheme is extended to nonlinear elasto-dynamic including source terms. A Perfectly Matched Layer absorbing boundary condition well adapted to the DG-FEM scheme, called Nearly Perfectly Matched Layer (NPML), is also developed. In the case of orthotropic material as stability problems appear, a mixture of NPML and sponge layer, with a controllable ratio of these two kinds of absorbing layers, is introduced. The experimental validation of “chaotic cavity transducer” to focalize in reverberant and non-reverberant solid media with only one source is made. Classical time reversal, inverse filter and 1 Bit time reversal process are discussed and compared. The experimental demonstration of the use of a “chaotic cavity transducer”, in combination with the pulse inversion and 1-bit methods, to obtain an image of localized nonlinearity is made. This opens the possibility for high resolution imaging of nonlinear defects
Quieffin, Nicolas. "Etude du rayonnement acoustique de structures solides : vers un système d'imagerie haute résolution". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000940.
Texto completoLa, Rota Camilo. "Analyse de l'activité électrique multi-sites auditif chez le cobaye". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE19001.
Texto completoThe scientific problem that has motivated this study is the representation and processing of information in the neocortex. We are interested in particular in the hypothesis that states that information is coded on the neural populations' cooperative activities. This study is essential to find technological solutions to some medical problems, such as the development of neuroprosthesis. The existence of new multisite measuring techniques that allow the in vivo observation of the spatiotemporal activity of the cortex at high resolutions, give us the possibility to study the concept of "neural interaction" at mesoscopic scales and to study the mechanisms of senses and perception at the level of functional areas. We have studied in particular the electrical activity of the guinea pig's auditory cortex in response to stimuli using voltage-dependent dyes (optical imaging). We have studied some techniques for the processing and analysis of the spatiotemporal information represented by this data. By means of a descriptive analysis we have characterized the signals, their variability and the measuring errors. A theoretical study complemented this description, and allowed us to interpret our data in function of the underlying neural activity. Optical signals are difficult to process with traditional signal processing techniques, we have used wavelet-based techniques to estimate and characterize the neural activity components of the signal. Finally, we have evaluated some approaches to the spatiotemporal modeling of the cortical activity, and we have studied the pertinence of these models to describe our data. Some perspectives on this problem and on the design of future experiences are given