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Libros sobre el tema "Central nervous system Meningitis in children"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
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1

Britain), SCOPE (Great, ed. CNS magnetic resonance imaging in infants and children. [London]: MacKeith Press, 1995.

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2

Faerber, Eric N. CNS magnetic resonance imaging in infants and children. [London]: MacKeith Press, 1995.

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3

Neurobehavioral and perceptual dysfunction in learning disabled children. Lewiston, NY: C.J. Hogrefe, 1985.

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4

Virgilio, Gallai, ed. Maturation of the CNS and evoked potentials: Proceedings of the International Congress on Maturation of the Central Nervous System and Clinical Applications of Cerebral Evoked Potentials in Children, Perugia, 21-24 May 1986. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1986.

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5

Catherine, Bagwell y Erkulwater Jennifer L, eds. Medicating children: ADHD and pediatric mental health. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2008.

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6

Conference on Brain and Behavior in Pediatric HIV Infection (1989 New York, N.Y.). Brain in pediatric AIDS: Proceedings of the Conference on Brain and Behavior in Pediatric HIV Infection, New York, N.Y., July 24-25, 1989. Editado por Kozlowski Piotr B. 1950-. Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 1990.

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7

Current issues in clinical neurovirology: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, 2008.

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8

Catherine, Mollica y Maruff Paul, eds. Cognitive impairment in children with ADHD. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science, 2010.

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9

Handbook of learning disabilities: A multisystem approach. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1990.

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10

Cruz, Andrea T. y Jeffrey R. Starke. Central Nervous System Tuberculosis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0154.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a common cause of bacterial meningitis in areas with high HIV prevalence and its diagnosis often is delayed in industrialized nations. Children (particularly infants) and immunocompromised persons are at higher risk of developing TB meningitis. Lymphocytic meningitis, high CSF protein, and (in children) frequently an abnormal chest radiograph should raise clinician index of suspicion for TB meningitis. Neuroimaging may show hydrocephalus, basilar leptomeningeal enhancement, ischemia, and/or tuberculomas. Prompt recognition and initiation of antituberculous antibiotics and corticosteroids can decrease morbidity and mortality.
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11

Wilson, John W. y Lynn L. Estes. Central Nervous System Infections. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199797783.003.0089.

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•Clinical: The diagnosis of meningitis is suggested by the constellation of headache, fever, and neck stiffness. Some patients may also experience changes in mental status.•Radiology: Computed tomograms or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain may be indicated for immunocompromised patients and patients with papilledema or focal neurologic deficits. However, neuroimaging should not delay initiation of antimicrobial therapy....
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12

Bicanic, Tihana y Thomas S. Harrison. Fungal central nervous system infections. Editado por Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum y Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0022.

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Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are amongst the most severe of all fungal infections. Cryptococcus neoformans is the commonest cause of adult meningitis in many countries with high HIV prevalence. C gattii is usually seen in the tropics in apparently immunocompetent patients. Meningitis is also caused by Candida in premature babies, and by the dimorphic fungi in endemic areas. CNS infections with Aspergillus, the mucormycetes, and less common moulds usually present as intracranial mass lesions in immunocompromised hosts. Early suspicion, prompt imaging, and appropriate samples for culture, histology, and antigen and molecular tests are all critical for early diagnosis. Organism-specific antifungal therapy relies largely on liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole, with therapeutic drug monitoring for the latter. Amphotericin B plus flucytosine is recommended for cryptococcal meningitis. Management of underlying conditions is also critical. Targeted prophylaxis in highest risk groups and pre-emptive therapy for HIV-associated cryptococcosis hold promise for prevention and improved outcome.
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13

Singhi, Pratibha, Karthi Nallasamy y Sunit Singhi. Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0162.

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Fungal infections of the central nervous system are important because of their increasing incidence and the growing population of at-risk individuals. CNS spread is usually hematogenous but rarely can be due to direct invasion from adjacent structures. Morphology of the infecting fungus may predict the regions affected and the lesion phenotype. Meningitis and mass lesions are the most frequent. This chapter reviews the current understanding of the neuropathogenesis of fungal infections with mention of histopathological and imaging correlations. Important aspects of management are also discussed. Diagnosis requires strong clinical suspicion. Treatment is often multimodal with prolonged drug therapy, surgery, and supportive care.
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14

Wijdicks, Eelco F. M. y Sarah L. Clark. Antimicrobial Therapy for Central Nervous System Infections. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0011.

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Broad-spectrum antibiotics—those that are bactericidal and able to penetrate the blood–brain barrier—must be administered to any patient with a suspected infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Antimicrobials should be selected with consideration of spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and need to be administered in a timely fashion. This chapter discusses antibiotics that provide good penetration of the central nervous system, and appropriate doses for these infections are outlined. Antiviral therapy for CNS infections is limited but complex. Antimicrobial therapy for fungal meningitis is well defined but rarely indicated. Understanding the spectrum of antimicrobials and dosing is essential knowledge in caring for patients in the neurosciences intensive care unit with CNS infections.
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15

Schlossberg, David. Infections of the Nervous System. Springer, 2011.

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16

David, Schlossberg, ed. Infections of the nervous system. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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17

Infections of the Nervous System. Springer, 2012.

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18

Tumors of the Pediatric Central Nervous System. Thieme Medical Publishers, 2011.

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19

Eddy, Estlin y Lowis Stephen, eds. Central nervous system tumours of childhood. London: Mac Keith Press, 2005.

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20

Eddy, Estlin y Lowis Stephen, eds. Central nervous system tumours of childhood. London: Mac Keith Press, 2005.

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21

Halperin, John J. Nervous System Lyme Disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0159.

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Nervous system involvement occurs in 10% to 15% of patients infected with Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, or B. garinii, the tick-borne spirochetes responsible for Lyme disease and its European counterparts. Common clinical manifestations include lymphocytic meningitis, facial and other cranial neuropathies, and painful mononeuropathies such as Lyme radiculitis. Diagnosis requires appropriate clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory evidence. Appropriately interpreted serologic testing is highly reliable; cerebrospinal fluid examination is often informative if the central nervous system is involved. Several week courses of widely available oral or parenteral antimicrobials are curative in most patients.
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22

Gutjahr, P., D. Voth y C. Langmaid. Tumours of the Central Nervous System in Infancy and Childhood. Springer, 2012.

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23

Keating, Robert F., ed. Tumors Of The Pediatric Nervous System. THIEME, 2001.

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24

1931-, Johnson Richard T. y Lyon Gilles, eds. Virus infections and the developing nervous system. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1988.

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25

(Editor), Nalin Gupta, Anuradha Banerjee (Editor) y Daphne Haas-Kogan (Editor), eds. Pediatric CNS Tumors (Pediatric Oncology). Springer, 2004.

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26

Solomon, Tom. Meningitis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0969.

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Meningitis is defined as inflammation of the brain meninges, characterized clinically by inflammatory cells in CSF. When there is concurrent parenchymal brain involvement the term meningoencephalitis is used, meningoencephalomyelitis implies that there is spinal cord involvement too.Although increased cellularity in the CSF, or pleocytosis, is traditionally considered the hallmark of meningitis, some organisms, particularly fungi, can cause meningitis without a pleocytosis, especially in the immunocompromised. The advent of more sensitive methods of detecting viral nucleic acid in the CSF such as the polymerase chain reaction, have also shown that viral central nervous system infection can occur without an associated pleocytosis. When none of the common bacterial agents is easily identified the term aseptic meningitis is often used. The majority of such cases are caused by viruses; non-viral causes of an aseptic meningitis picture include certain bacteria which are not readily cultured, and do not grow in standard culture media, such as Borrelia burgdorferi. The clinical presentations of meningitis can be broadly divided into the acute, recurrent, and chronic. The development of meningitis depends on the infecting organism, and also whether there is any particular host susceptibility.
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27

(Editor), L. Angelini, Maria Bardare (Editor) y Alberto Martini (Editor), eds. Immune-Mediated Disorders of the Central Nervous System in Children (Mariani Foundation Paediatric Neurology). John Libbey & Co Ltd, 2002.

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28

Gupta, Nalin, Anuradha Banerjee y Daphne A. Haas-Kogan. Pediatric CNS Tumors. Springer, 2016.

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29

1964-, Gupta N., Banerjee A. 1964- y Haas-Kogan D. 1964-, eds. Pediatric CNS tumors. 2a ed. Berlin: Springer, 2010.

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30

Gupta, Nalin, Anuradha Banerjee y Daphne A. Haas-Kogan. Pediatric CNS Tumors. Springer, 2018.

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31

Gupta, Nalin, Anuradha Banerjee y Daphne Haas-Kogan. Pediatric CNS Tumors. Springer, 2012.

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32

Estlin, Edward y Stephen Lowis. Central Nervous System Tumours of Childhood (Clinics in Developmental Medicine (Mac Keith Press)). MacKeith Press, 2006.

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33

Brain in Pediatric AIDS: Proceedings of the Conference on Brain and Behavior in Pediatric HIV Infection, New York, Ny, July 24-25, 1989. S. Karger Publishers (USA), 1991.

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34

Mishina, Galina, Elena Strebeleva, Yuliya Belyakova, Margarita Bratkova, Irina Vyrodova, Tat'yana Nikolaeva y Larisa Pronina. The correctional help to children of early age with organic defeat of the central nervous system in groups of short-term stay. Infra-M Academic Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18468.

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35

Kaplan, Tamara y Tracey Milligan. Infections of the CNS: Meningitis and Encephalitis (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650261.003.0007.

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The video in this chapter discusses infections of the central nervous system (CNS), meningitis including its symptoms (fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, altered level of consciousness), its causes (bacterial, fungal, viral, or aseptic), and how the CSF profile provides clues to the etiology. The chapter also discusses encephalitis, its symptoms (seizures, other focal neurologic symptoms). Patients with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis may show T2 hyperintensities in the anterior temporal lobes and limbic structures on MRI. CSF may show xanthochromia and positive PCR for HSV1 or HSV2.
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36

Nadel, Simon y Johnny Canlas. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and assessment of meningitis and encephalitis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0240.

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Despite advances in antimicrobial therapy, central nervous system infections have a high morbidity and mortality. Most pathogens reach the brain by haematogenous spread following invasion through the mucosal surface of the nasopharynx. The cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory response is responsible for most of the deleterious effects of the infection. Understanding this response has allowed a more rational approach to therapy. Patients may present with non-specific features, especially neonates, infants, post-neurosurgical patients, and the elderly. This chapter will review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis and encephalitis.
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37

E, Fernández-Alvarez, Aicardi Jean, Bathien N y International Child Neurology Association, eds. Movement disorders in children. London: Mac Keith Press for the International Child Neurology Association, 2001.

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38

Louisiana. Office of Public Health. Injury Research and Prevention Section., ed. Sports and traumatic brain injury in youth 21 years of age, Louisiana, 1996-1999: Facts, figures, and prevention. Baton Rouge, LA: The Office, 2002.

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39

Horwitz, Josh y Fred Epstein. If I Get to Five: What Children Can Teach Us About Courage and Character. Henry Holt and Co., 2003.

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40

1951-, Packer Roger J., Bleyer W. Archie 1943-, Pochedly Carl, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Children's Hospital and Medical Center (Seattle, Wash.) y International Symposium on Pediatric Neurooncology (2nd : 1989 : Seattle, Wash.), eds. Pediatric neuro-oncology: New trends in clinical research. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1992.

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41

Aicardi, Jean y Emilio Fernandez-Alvarez. Movement Disorders in Children (International Review of Child Neurology (Mac Keith Press)). MacKeith Press, 2001.

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42

Greenlee, John E. Cerebrospinal Fluid. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0145.

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Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid is of essential importance in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections, with a major role in the diagnosis of meningitis and encephalitis. In bacterial and viral meningitis, CSF evaluation is usually straightforward, and well-defined serological and molecular techniques are available for CSF examination in many of the more common viral encephalitides. This is in contrast to CSF evaluation in cases of tuberculous and chronic meningitis, in which organisms may be difficult to detect by culture or polymerase chain methods or antigen detection. This chapter first discusses the anatomy and physiology of CSF production, reviews concepts of CSF analysis, and then reviews CSF changes in the major categories of central nervous system infections.
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43

Stacey, Victoria. Infectious diseases. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592777.003.0015.

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44

A, Schwartzkroin P., ed. Brain development and epilepsy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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45

Solomon, Tom. Intracranial space occupying infections and neurological HIV disease. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.1018.

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This chapter begins with a discussion of space occupying lesions. It ends with a review of the neurological complications of HIV, which encompasses patients presenting with all central nervous system syndromes, including meningitis, reduced consciousness, myelopathy, and space occupying lesions.
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46

Theologis, Tim. Musculoskeletal injuries in children. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.014001.

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♦ In children, bone is more flexible and heals faster than in adults but is at risk of growth disturbance. It is also capable of remodelling♦ The physis is weaker than the structures around it and therefore is liable to disruption in trauma♦ The possibility of injuries as a result of abuse must be considered in children and have a characteristic pattern♦ In poly trauma, children are more susceptible to hypothermia. Abdominal viscera and the cranium are more vulnerable. However, the central nervous system has more scope for recovery, and the cardiovascular system has an excellent capacity for coping with hypovolaemic shock♦ A reliable specific paediatric score should be used to plan treatment♦ The management of fractures is more likely to involve traction, plaster, and K-wires.
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47

Farooq, Najma, S. K. Tucker y D. Thompson. Neurological aspects of spinal disorders in children. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.013008.

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♦ Spinal neurological problems may be a focal anomaly or part of a systemic disorder♦ The neuro-orthopaedic syndrome should be considered in any dysraphic patient with a changing clinical picture—urological symptoms respond well to prompt untethering♦ Ten per cent of central nervous system tumours originate in the spinal cord—they may be intramedullary, intradural extramedullary, or extradural.
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48

Shah, Ashish H. y Jacques J. Morcos. Dermoid/Epidermoid Tumors. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190696696.003.0018.

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Epidermoid tumors of the central nervous system are typically found in the cerebellopontine angle or parasellar space and comprise approximately 1% of all intracranial tumors. Dermoid cysts tend to occur in midline locations. Both are derived from embryonal tissue and have classic imaging findings on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Epidermoid tumors and dermoid cysts are benign and grow slowly, although epidermoid cysts can undergo malignant transformation. Surgical decisions and approaches are based on the presenting symptoms and anatomic location of the tumor. Mollaret meningitis is a unique complication of these cysts and may occur if the cyst ruptures preoperatively or during surgery.
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49

Messacar, Kevin y Mark J. Abzug. Enterovirus and Parechovirus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604813.003.0003.

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Enteroviruses (EVs) comprise a genus in the Picornaviridae family. They are single-stranded RNA viruses and are common causes of human infection. Polioviruses, the prototypic EVs, were historically responsible for widespread outbreaks of paralytic poliomyelitis; now they are on the verge of global elimination through vaccination. More than 100 serotypes of nonpoliovirus EVs are described and are associated with a wide variety of diseases, ranging from respiratory infections, nonspecific febrile illnesses, herpangina, and hand-foot-and-mouth disease to meningitis, encephalitis, paralytic disease, myocarditis, chronic or disseminated infection in immunocompromised hosts (particularly those with defects in the humoral immune response), and severe disease in neonates. This chapter reviews disease manifestations during pregnancy and in neonates, with an emphasis on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. The newly emerging parechoviruses, important causes of central nervous system (CNS) disease, are also reviewed.
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50

Dysphagia and the child with developmental disabilities: Medical, clinical, and family interventions. San Diego, Calif: Singular Pub. Group, 1995.

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