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1

Zielak, João César, David Gulin Neto, Leonardo Fernandes da Cunha, Tatiana Miranda Deliberador, and Allan Fernando Giovanini. "Cephalometric Approach to the Occlusal Vertical Dimension Reestablishment." Case Reports in Dentistry 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/920840.

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The occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) refers to the length of the face as determined by the amount of separation of the jaws. Its determination is important for the manufacture of restorations. However, defining the correct occlusal vertical dimension for edentulous patients is one of the most important steps for function and esthetics rehabilitation. Cephalometry is a standardized method of assessing dental and facial proportions and their interrelation. Additionally, cephalometric analysis of the facial vertical dimension can establish an individual pattern for each patient. This analysis sh
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2

Drachevska, I. Yu. "Features and modern aspects of the use of teleroentgenographic indicators determined by STEINER, RICKETTS and DOWNS METHODS (analysis of scientific literature)." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 24, no. 2 (2020): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2020-24(2)-21.

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Annotation. The aim of the work is to analyze the modern scientific literature on the features and use of methods of cephalometric analysis of lateral teleroentgenograms by Steiner, Ricketts and Downs methods. The introduction of modern methods of dental care, which include an individual approach to the patient depending on the characteristics of his face is the most promising in clinical medicine. However, at the same time, such an approach requires a solid theoretical basis, foundation, and further large-scale clinical trials. Clinical anthropology, one of the parts of which is cephalometry,
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3

Metli, Şule Nur, Mücahid Yıldırım, Emire Aybüke Erdur, and Ömer Erdur. "A comparison of transversal changes occurring in the treatment of rapid maxillary expansion with acoustic rhinometry." International Dental Research 12, Suppl. 1 (2022): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.434.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cephalometric transversal measurements and nasal patency before and after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatment applied to patients with maxillary transversal deficiency. Methodology: The records of 30 patients with maxillary transversal insufficiency and 20 patients without normal dentofacial and nasal symptoms were used. Acoustic rhinometry (MCA1, MCA2, VOL1, VOL2) and cephalometry measurements (JR–JL, MMTI, nasal width) were analyzed before (TO) and six months after (T1) RME. Results: There were no significant differen
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4

Yousefi, Faezeh, Vahid Mollabashi, Soroush Bahmani, and Maryam Farhadian. "Comparison of Gonial Angle and Alveolar Bone Height Changes in Panoramic and Lateral Cephalometry Radiography in Growing Patients." Avicenna Journal of Dental Research 14, no. 1 (2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajdr.2022.06.

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Background: This study aimed to compare the gonial angle and alveolar bone height changes between panoramic and lateral cephalometry radiographic images in class II malocclusion patients before and after orthodontic treatment. Methods: The obtained radiographic images were selected from among 120 class 2 malocclusion cases. The gonial angle and alveolar bone height were measured in the midline and molar regions of panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs using the software tools before and after the treatment of patients. Study data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 21
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5

Narkhede, Sameer, Paritosh Rao, Veera Sawant, et al. "Digital Versus Manual Tracing in Cephalometric Analysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 6 (2024): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm14060566.

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Background: Over the years, various researchers have attempted to compare digital cephalometry with the conventional manual approach. There is a need to comprehensively analyze the findings from the earlier studies and determine the potential advantages and limitations of each method. The present systematic review aimed to compare the accuracy of digital and manual tracing in cephalometric analysis for the identification of skeletal and dental landmarks. Methods: A systematic search was performed using the keywords “Digital” AND “Manual” AND “Cephalometry” to identify relevant studies publishe
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6

Taub, Peter J. "Cephalometry." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 18, no. 4 (2007): 811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e31806848cf.

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7

Alshamrani, Khalaf, Hassan Alshamrani, F. F. Alqahtani, and Ali H. Alshehri. "Automation of Cephalometrics Using Machine Learning Methods." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (June 21, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3061154.

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Cephalometry is a medical test that can detect teeth, skeleton, or appearance problems. In this scenario, the patient’s lateral radiograph of the face was utilised to construct a tracing from the tracing of lines on the lateral radiograph of the face of the soft and hard structures (skin and bone, respectively). Certain cephalometric locations and characteristic lines and angles are indicated after the tracing is completed to do the real examination. In this unique study, it is proposed that machine learning models be employed to create cephalometry. These models can recognise cephalometric lo
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8

Berwig, Luana, Ana da Silva, Eliane Corrêa, Eliane Serpa, and Rodrigo Ritzel. "Correlation between nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometry in the diagnosis of hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsils." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 16, no. 02 (2012): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7162/s1809-97772012000200009.

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Summary Introduction: Hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil is one of the main causes of mouth breathing, and accurate diagnosis of this alteration is important for proper therapeutic planning. Therefore, studies have been conducted in order to provide information regarding the procedures that can be used for the diagnosis of pharyngeal obstruction. Objective: To verify the correlation between nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometric examinations in the diagnosis of pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia. Method: This was a cross-sectional, clinical, experimental, and quantitative study. Fifty-five children
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9

Daokar, Suchita Tarvade, and Raksha Rajput. "Cephalometric Appraisal of Antero-posterior Skeletal Discrepancy: An Overview." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 8, no. 1 (2018): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v8i1.21349.

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Cephalometry is one of the important diagnostic tools for assessment of jaw relationship. Sagittal jaw relationship is of utmost concern to the patients and orthodontist. Many linear and angular parameters are used for measurement of sagittal jaw discrepancies. This article reviews various AP cephalometric parameters
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10

Subaşı, Buğra. "Cephalometric analysis with magnetic resonance imaging in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome." Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology 12, no. 2 (2024): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5606/kbbu.2024.32767.

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Objectives: The study aimed to assess soft tissues and bony structures in patients with snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cephalometry and to investigate the correlation between the degree of OSAS with cephalometric measures. Patients and Methods: The prospective study included 137 adult patients (86 males, 51 females; mean age: 44.2±11.8; range 21 to 70 years) admitted with complaints of snoring or witnessed apnea between December 2020 and June 2023. Polysomnography and MRI cephalometry were performed for each patient. According to the pol
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11

Arat, Zuleyha Mirzen, Mehmet Okan Akcam, Elçin Esenlik, and F. Emel Arat. "Inconsistencies in the Differential Diagnosis of Open Bite." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 3 (2008): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/021907-80.1.

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Abstract Objective: To examine inconsistencies in the differential diagnosis of open bite. Materials and Methods: Using visual judgments, a total of 77 anterior open-bite cases in the postpubertal growth period were grouped as either morphogenetic, functional, or combination. The same sample was also grouped as either hyperdivergent, normodivergent, or hypodivergent using mandibular-plane angle and conventional cephalometry. Kappa analysis was used to test the agreement between the 2 methods of evaluation, and χ2 tests were used to analyze the distribution of cephalometrically grouped hyperdiv
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12

Reis, Eliano da Fonseca, Nathanael Attilas Aleva, Lucas de Morais Barros, Hércules Henrique Onibene Castro, Daniel Rodrigues Silva, and Juscélio Clemente de Abreu. "Comparisons of Cephalometric image analysis by Information Technology (IT) in the treatment of Dentomaxillofacial Changes." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 9, no. 5 (2022): 044–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.95.4.

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Cephalometry is one of the most important complementary exams in the diagnosis and planning of orthodontic, surgical, speech therapy, otorhinolaryngology and facial orthopedic treatments. The lateral cephalogram used for cephalometry can also assess the maturation of the cervical vertebrae to complement the diagnosis of bone age, orofacial dysfunction and changes in the Upper Airway (UAS). Due to the technological evolution for obtaining and interpreting images and with the emergence of software that are auxiliary in the diagnosis of orofacial alterations, the objective of this work was to dev
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13

Sinha, Pramod K. "ORTHODONTIC CEPHALOMETRY." Journal of the American Dental Association 127, no. 6 (1996): 738–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1996.0305.

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14

Graber, T. M. "Radiographic Cephalometry." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 109, no. 2 (1996): 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-5406(96)80074-6.

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15

Speidel, T. Michael. "Orthodontic cephalometry." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 111, no. 4 (1997): 458–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-5406(97)80037-6.

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16

Hutovska, I. O., Ye Ye Vyzhenko, V. D. Kuroiedova, and L. B. Halych. "DIAGNOSTIC CAPABILITIES OF CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN ORTHODONTICS." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 24, no. 4 (2024): 283–89. https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.4.283.

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Advancements in medical technology, particularly in computer software, have facilitated the use of 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for craniofacial cephalometry, which plays a crucial role in assessing and quantifying anatomical anomalies in three dimensions. However, a standardized method or algorithm for utilizing 3D CBCT in cephalometry has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to analyze and systematize scientific literature available in the PubMed electronic database regarding the use of 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for cephalometric diagnosis in orthodontics
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17

Hermann, N. V., B. L. Jensen, E. Dahl, T. A. Darvann, and S. Kreiborg. "A Method for Three-Projection Infant Cephalometry." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 38, no. 4 (2001): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_2001_038_0299_amftpi_2.0.co_2.

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Objective: To assess morphology and growth in infants and children with craniofacial anomalies based on comprehensive digitization of radiographic films in three, mutually orthogonal projections. Method: The method consists of (1) acquisition of radiographic films in a highly standardized three-projection (lateral, frontal, and axial) cephalometer, (2) marking and digitization of a total of 279 anatomical landmarks in the three projections, and (3) computation and presentation (tabular and graphical) of 356 linear and angular variables describing the craniofacial morphology, including soft tis
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18

Xu, Meng, Bingyang Liu, Zhaoyang Luo, et al. "Using a New Deep Learning Method for 3D Cephalometry in Patients With Hemifacial Microsomia." Annals of Plastic Surgery 91, no. 3 (2023): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sap.0000000000003647.

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Abstract Deep learning algorithms based on automatic 3D cephalometric marking points about people without craniomaxillofacial deformities have achieved good results. However, there has been no previous report about hemifacial microsomia (HFM). The purpose of this study is to apply a new deep learning method based on a 3D point cloud graph convolutional neural network to predict and locate landmarks in patients with HFM based on the relationships between points. The authors used a PointNet++ model to investigate the automatic 3D cephalometry. And the mean distance error (MDE) of the center coor
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19

Terawatpothong, Anutta, Chidchanok Sessirisombat, Wish Banhiran, Hitoshi Hotokezaka, Noriaki Yoshida, and Irin Sirisoontorn. "Relationship between Cephalometric and Ultrasonic Airway Parameters in Adults with High Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 12 (2024): 3540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123540.

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Background/Objectives: Polysomnography and cephalometry have been used for studying obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) etiology. The association between craniofacial skeleton and OSA severity remains controversial. To study OSA’s etiology, cephalometry, fiberoptic pharyngoscopy, polysomnography, and sleep endoscopy have been used; however, airway obstructions cannot be located. Recent research suggested ultrasonography for OSA screening and upper airway obstruction localization. Thus, this study aims to investigate the relationship between specific craniofacial cephalometric and ultrasonic airway p
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20

Kragskov, Jens, Carles Bosch, Carsten Gyldensted, and Steen Sindet-Pedersen. "Comparison of the Reliability of Craniofacial Anatomic Landmarks Based on Cephalometric Radiographs and Three-Dimensional CT Scans." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 34, no. 2 (1997): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1997_034_0111_cotroc_2.3.co_2.

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Objective Conventional cephalometry is an inexpensive and well-established method for evaluating patients with dentofacial deformities. However, patients with major deformities, and in particular asymmetric cases are difficult to evaluate by conventional cephalometry. Both two- and three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) have been proposed to alleviate some of these difficulties. Only a few studies using metallic markers have indicated 3-D CT to be a useful diagnostic method, whereas no studies have evaluated the reliability of the anatomic cephalometric points used in 3-D CT. The aim of ou
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21

Reginald, B. Ajay, P. Pankaj Mallik, and Veera Nagi Reddy. "Cephalometry Compliments Dactylography." Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine 37, no. 4 (2015): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0848.2015.00094.9.

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22

Frongia, Gianluigi, Pietro Bracco, and Maria Grazia Piancino. "Three-Dimensional Cephalometry." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 24, no. 3 (2013): e308-e311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e31828f2e8e.

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23

Burlakov, Pavlo. "CPCT image combination algorithm for 3D cephalometry." Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal 144, no. 1 (2024): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/usmyj.1(144).2024.92-97.

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3D cefalometry as a method of diagnosis of orthodontic patients for treatment planning has many advantages over the classical adopted as the "gold standard" 2D, but its main disadvantage is the large retgenological load on the patient when conducting MSCT or CBCT of a large field of vision (FOV 25*25 cm). To develop an ALARA principle (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) diagnostic protocol and reduce the dose-area product (DAP) per patient during 3D orthodontic diagnostics (cephalometry) by combining CPCT images taken on a scanner with a smaller field of vision (FOV). Methods : CBCT images of th
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24

RETCHESKI, Alexandre Jose, Nelson Padilha da SILVA, Fernanda LEITE, and Paulo Roberto Aranha NOUER. "Reliability of adenoid hypertrophy diagnosis by cephalometric radiography." RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia 62, no. 3 (2014): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-8637201400030000071762.

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OBJECTIVE: To verify the reliability of adenoid hypertrophy diagnosis by cephalometric radiography. METHOD: Thirty male subjects, aged between 12 and 15 years, either mouth-breathers, or not, were selected. Diagnostic tests for adenoid hypertrophy were performed by radiological cephalometry based on lateral cephalometric radiographs and nasal endoscopy (gold standard). The CefX Cephalometric software program, version 2000 was used and the rhinoscopy was performed with a flexible endoscope. Blockage of 47% and 75% of the nasopharynx were taken as the cutoff points for cephalometric radiography
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25

Puspitasari, Yustisia, Sitti Fadhilah Oemar Mattalitti, Eva Novawaty, and Neny Roeswahjuni. "COMPARISON OF THE ACCURACY OF MANUAL CEPHALOMETRY RADIOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS AND WEB-BASED DIGITAL SOFTWARE." Dentino: Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 9, no. 1 (2024): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dentino.v9i1.18864.

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Background: Determining anatomical landmarks - in the cranium, maxilla and mandible - as well as measuring skeletal and dental angles on cephalometric radiographs are supporting examinations that determine important diagnoses in orthodontic treatment. Traditionally, cephalometric analysis has been performed by tracing radiographic landmarks on acetate overlays and measuring linear and angular variables using protractor. However, despite its widespread use in orthodontics, the technique is time consuming and has several drawbacks, including a high risk of error in tracing, landmark identificati
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26

Yuen, H. M., H. L. Chan, C. T. Au, K. C. Chan, L. M. Lui, and A. M. Li. "0882 Local Deformation Analysis of Lateral Cephalogram for Childhood OSA Classification." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.878.

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Abstract Introduction Craniofacial profile is one of the anatomical causes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Cephalometry provides information on patients’ skeletal structures and soft tissues. Traditional cephalometric analysis focuses on linear distances, angles, ratios and area of specific variables. Its classification power is often disappointed. In this study, a novel approach to cephalometric analysis using local deformation information was carried out to assess its efficacy in OSA classification. Methods This study was a retrospective analysis based on 60 case-control pairs who were Chi
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27

Ed-dhahraouy, Mohammed, Hicham Riri, Manal Ezzahmouly, Abdelmajid El Moutaouakkil, Hakima Aghoutan, and Farid Bourzgui. "Proposition of local automatic algorithm for landmark detection in 3D cephalometry." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 2 (2021): 707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i2.1827.

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This study proposes a new contribution to solve the problem of automatic landmarks detection in three-dimensional cephalometry. 3D images obtained from CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) equipment were used for automatic identification of twelve landmarks. The proposed method is based on a local geometry and intensity criteria of skull structures. After the step of preprocessing and binarization, the algorithm segments the skull into three structures using the geometry information of nasal cavity and intensity information of the teeth. Each targeted landmark was detected using local geometri
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28

Mohammed, Ed-dhahraouy, Riri Hicham, Ezzahmouly Manal, El Moutaouakkil Abdelmajid, Aghoutan Hakima, and Bourzgui Farid. "Proposition of local automatic algorithm for landmark detection in 3D cephalometry." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 2 (2021): 707~715. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i2.1827.

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This study proposes a new contribution to solve the problem of automatic landmarks detection in three-dimensional cephalometry. 3D images obtained from CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) equipment were used for automatic identification of twelve landmarks. The proposed method is based on a local geometry and intensity criteria of skull structures. After the step of preprocessing and binarization, the algorithm segments the skull into three structures using the geometry information of nasal cavity and intensity information of the teeth. Each targeted landmark was detected using local geometri
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29

Nadia Surahmi, Nadia Surahmi, Kartika Sari, and M Yasir Fatani. "FREKUENSI KESALAHAN PADA PEMBUATAN FOTO CEPHALOMETRY PROYEKSI LATERAL (PERIODE JANUARI-FEBRUARI 2024) DI RADIOLOGI KLINIK BUNDA THAMRIN BANDA ACEH." PERISAI: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Riset Ilmu Sains 3, no. 3 (2024): 347–57. https://doi.org/10.32672/perisai.v3i3.2302.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui frekuensi kesalahan pada pembuatan foto cephalometry proyeksi lateral (periode Januari 2024-Februari 2024). Metode yg digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel diambil dari seluruh pasien foto cephalometry proyeksi lateral yang diperoleh di Radiologi Klinik Bunda Thamrin Banda Aceh dari bulan Januari 2024-Februari 2024. Foto dikatakan tidak memenuhi kriteria apabila terdapat minimal satu kegagalan, diantaranya: oklusi tidak sentris, porion dan orbita tidak sejajar, ada artefak, pasien gerak, soft tissue terpotong, da
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30

Bettega, G., M. Chenin, H. Sadek, et al. "Three-Dimensional Fetal Cephalometry." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 33, no. 6 (1996): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569(1996)033<0463:tdfc>2.3.co;2.

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31

Lumban Gaol, Maria Natalina. "Cephalometry Variation of Bataknese." Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 13, no. 1 (2022): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bib.v13i1.4100.

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Indonesia merupakan negara dengan penduduk yang terdiri dari berbagai macam etnis dan suku bangsa, salah satu suku bangsa terbesar di Indonesia adalah suku Batak. Suku Batak terbagi menjadi beberapa subsuku, dengan subsuku terbesar yaitu Batak Toba, Batak Karo, dan Batak Simalungun. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis variasi kefalometri pada suku Batak. Adanya peningkatan jumlah populasi dari suku bangsa di berbagai wilayah, diikuti dengan meningkatnya aktivitas lalu lintas dan kuantitas tindak kejahatan dapat menyebabkan peningkatan peluang terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas dan korban kej
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32

Bettega, G. ,., M. Chenin, H. ,. Sadek, et al. "Three-Dimensional Fetal Cephalometry." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 33, no. 6 (1996): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1996_033_0463_tdfc_2.3.co_2.

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Craniofacial growth has been the subject of numerous studies in which different techniques have been elaborated aiming to model this dynamic phenomenon in a rational manner. One of the methods employed is cephalometric analysis applied to the fetus. Generally, however, these studies are confined to the exploration of a single spatial plane (sagittal plane), whose orientation is never defined in a rigorous and perfectly reproducible manner. Thus, none of these analyses offers a formal growth model. This has led us to propose a new method of fetal cephalometric study taking into account criteria
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33

Leggat, T. G. "Introduction to radiographic cephalometry." British Journal of Sports Medicine 20, no. 3 (1986): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.20.3.124-a.

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34

Schendel, Stephen A. "Introduction to Radiographic Cephalometry." Annals of Plastic Surgery 17, no. 2 (1986): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000637-198608000-00016.

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35

Hirschmann, P. N. "Introduction to Radiographic Cephalometry." Journal of Dentistry 14, no. 2 (1986): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-5712(86)90072-2.

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36

Ross, R. Bruce. "Introduction to Radiographic Cephalometry." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 80, no. 4 (1987): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198710000-00033.

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37

Shintani, Tomoko, Kohji Asakura, Yuji Nakano, Fumiaki Matsuda, and Akikatsu Kataura. "Cephalometry in OSAS children." Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 83, no. 9 (1990): 1435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.83.1435.

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38

Cacciotti, Leo R. "Introduction to Radiographic Cephalometry." Radiology 161, no. 1 (1986): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.161.1.68.

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39

Bond, A. M. "Introduction to radiographic cephalometry." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 24, no. 5 (1986): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-4356(86)90028-8.

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40

Morris, Charles R. "Introduction to Radiographic Cephalometry." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 56, no. 4 (1986): 518–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(86)90409-9.

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41

Fang, Jing Jing, Jia Kuang Liu, Chia Wei Chang, and Yu Cheng Lin. "A Bridging Method between 2D and 3D Cephalometry Using Computed Tomography Synthesized Cephalograms." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 1589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1589.

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Traditional cephalograms are X-ray films, which provide either frontal or lateral overlapped perspective medical imaging. Although computed tomography imaging provides more information in 3-dimensional anatomy, the landmarks for cephalometry are located in space which does not carry normal standards in 3-D cephalometry. The CT natural imaging method is different from X-ray in that they respectively use orthogonal and perspective projections. Thus, we cannot apply the statistical normal values gathered from traditional 2D cephometry to 3D cephalometry. This study makes use of calibrated synthes
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42

Omotoso, D. R., A. J. Olanrewaju, U. C. Okwuonu, O. Adagboyin, and E. O. Bienonwu. "Morphometric study of cephalo-facial indices among Bini children in southern Nigeria." Anatomy Journal of Africa 8, no. 2 (2019): 1580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aja.v8i2.189031.

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Cephalometry is an important branch of anthropometry which involves the morphological study of structures present in the human head or scientific measurement of the dimensions of the head. Some of the most important cephalometric parameters include the length/height and breadth/width of the head, the face and the nose as well as their respective indices. These cephalometric parameters are vital in the description of variation which is a common phenomenon that characterizes human physiognomy. They are also useful in the description of human inter-racial and intra-racial similarities both within
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43

Lytovchenko, Stepan O., Olexandr V. Pelypenko, and Oksana D. Danyliv. "Influence of the Neck Posture on the Masticatory Apparatus in Children." Acta Balneologica 65, no. 5 (2023): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/abal202305108.

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Aim: The study aimed to determine the peculiarities of influence of the neck posture on masticatory apparatus in children. Materials and Methods: We reviewed lateral cephalometric radiographs of 22 children, 10 girls, and 12 boys (mean age 12 years). Steiner cephalometric analysis and analysis of the upper cervical spine, which was available on corresponding cephalometric radiographs, were performed. In addition to cephalometric analysis, the angle between the McGregor line and the base of C2 (Oc-C2), the angle between the base of C1 and C2, and the angle between C2 and C5 were determined. Spe
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44

Krasteva, Stilyana, Silviya Krasteva, Konstantin Georgiev, and Anzhelina Krasteva. "COMPARATIVE CEPHALOMETRIC AND 3D CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANALISIS OF ALVEOLAR BONE DESTRUCTION FOR TEETH IN ANTERIOR CROSSBITE." Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 29, no. 1 (2023): 4779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2023291.4779.

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Purpose: To assess the degree of bone destruction for teeth in anterior crossbite by means of 3D cone beam computed tomography and lateral cephalometry. Material/methods: 20 patients with anterior crossbite underwent 3D cone beam computed tomography and lateral cephalometry of the anterior segments of the maxilla and mandible. The destruction of the bone in the anterior segments of the maxilla and mandible was measured (vestibularly and lingually)– the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the top of the alveolar bone. The parameters of bone resorption for teeth 21 and 31 on cephalogram
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45

Makhlynets, N., Z. Ozhogan, and A. Pantus. "Improving the quality of diagnosis of maxillomandibular anomalies on the background of chronic habits." SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 114, no. 3 (2023): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2023-3-29.

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The aim of the study. Improving the effectiveness of the diagnosis of maxillomandibular anomalies among the patients with pathological occlusion, existing bad habits is relevant due to the spread of social stress among young people and the search for its compensation through the development of bad habits. Research methods. We conducted clinical and radiological methods of examination of 60 patients aged 15–17 with acquired maxillomandibular anomalies, deformities, and 15 people in the comparison group. We studied the data of computer tomograms, performed stereotopometric analysis (threedimensi
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46

Faure, J., A. Oueiss, J. Treil, S. Chen, V. Wong, and J. M. Inglese. "3D cephalometry and artificial intelligence." Journal of Dentofacial Anomalies and Orthodontics 19, no. 4 (2016): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/odfen/2018117.

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47

Parhiz, A., S. Schepers, I. Lambrichts, L. Vrielinck, Y. Sun, and C. Politis. "Lateral cephalometry changes after SARPE." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 40, no. 7 (2011): 662–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2011.03.005.

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48

Pulatov Khamidullo Talyat Ugli. "The Role of Cephalometry in The Diagnosis of Orthodontic Patients." Texas Journal of Medical Science 26 (November 8, 2023): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.62480/tjms.2023.vol26.pp61-62.

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Orthodontics is a department of dentistry that focuses on the alignment and positioning of enamel and jaws to acquire top of the line oral fitness and function. To supply high quality orthodontic treatment, correct prognosis is crucial. The use of cephalometry, a specialised imaging technique, performs a pivotal function in evaluating and diagnosing orthodontic patients. This article objectives to spotlight the importance of cephalometry in orthodontic diagnosis, showcasing its advantages and applications.
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49

Kreshanti, Prasetyanugraheni, Siti Handayani, Maulina Rachmasari, et al. "Long Term Evaluation Of Maxillary Growth After ‘The Non Denuded Palatoplasty’ Technique." Jurnal Plastik Rekonstruksi 5, no. 2 (2019): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14228/jpr.v5i2.254.

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&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Background : Conventional Two Flap Palatoplasty technique will produce lateral defects without any periosteal coverage. These denuded lateral defects are prone to contamination and infection. These will result in wound contraction, scar formation and maxillary growth impairment. In 2011, we studied “The Non Denuded Palatoplasty” technique. This technique precipitated the epithelialization process of the lateral defects. Faster epithelialization is expected to decrease wound contraction and good maxillary growth.&#x0D; Method : This is a case control study to compare
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50

Perrotti, Giovanna, Giulia Baccaglione, Tommaso Clauser, et al. "Total Face Approach (TFA) 3D Cephalometry and Superimposition in Orthognathic Surgery: Evaluation of the Vertical Dimensions in a Consecutive Series." Methods and Protocols 4, no. 2 (2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps4020036.

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Background: Cephalometry is fundamental in diagnosis, analysis, and planning of orthodontic-surgical treatment as it reveals skeletal relationship between the upper and lower jaw as well as facial aesthetic parameters. Nevertheless, 3D cephalometry has still not become the exam of choice in orthognathic treatment even though today CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) is routinely used in other branches of dentistry. Methods: In a sample of 13 patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery a chin-vertex CBCT exam was prescribed prior to orthodontic treatment (OT) and 12 months after surge
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