Siga este enlace para ver otros tipos de publicaciones sobre el tema: Chargeur.
Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Chargeur"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores artículos de revistas para su investigación sobre el tema "Chargeur".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore artículos de revistas sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
1
Erhel et, Daniel y Richard Calvi. "Une typologie des prestations logistiques (PL) orientée chargeur". Logistique & Management 26, n.º 4 (2 de octubre de 2018): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12507970.2018.1524270.
Texto completo
2
Rabasté, D., J. M. Malartre y C. Glaize. "Chargeur de batterie avec isolation galvanique et absorption sinusoïale". Journal de Physique III 5, n.º 11 (noviembre de 1995): 1887–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp3:1995232.
Texto completo
3
Mir, Amr y Mohammed Amine Balambo. "Externalisation, innovation et gouvernance de la relation chargeur-prestataire de services logistiques". Question(s) de management 45, n.º 4 (26 de julio de 2023): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/qdm.225.0019.
Texto completoResumen
Malgré l’abondance des articles scientifiques autour de l’externalisation logistique et l’étude des relations inter-organisationnelles entre chargeurs-prestataires de services logistiques, nous observons une pénurie de travaux de recherche qui s’intéressent à ce champ dans le contexte marocain, tout particulièrement dans le cadre des contrats d’externalisation à long terme et ce, malgré les changements institutionnels remarquables mis en place par les secteurs public et privé à travers l’opérationnalisation de la stratégie nationale de développement de la compétitivité logistique. En s’appuyant sur une étude de cas qualitative, notre contribution a pour objectif d’étudier les différentes étapes d’externalisation logistique et d’expliquer comment la gouvernance de la relation chargeur-PSL dans le cadre d’un contrat relationnel favorise l’innovation logistique.
4
Jault-Seseke, Fabienne. "Retour sur l’opposabilité de la clause attributive de juridiction figurant dans une lettre de transport maritime". Revue critique de droit international privé N° 4, n.º 4 (25 de octubre de 2023): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rcdip.224.0775.
Texto completoResumen
Il résulte de l’article 25 du règlement Bruxelles I bis qu’une clause attributive de juridiction convenue entre un transporteur et un chargeur et insérée dans une lettre de transport maritime, produit ses effets à l’égard du tiers porteur de la lettre de transport maritime pour autant que, en l’acquérant, il ait succédé aux droits et obligations du chargeur en vertu du droit national applicable. Dans le cas contraire, il convient de vérifier son consentement à la clause, au regard des exigences de ce texte. Dès lors, viole ce texte la cour d’appel qui fait produire ses effets à une clause attributive de juridiction envers le destinataire réel de la marchandise, alors que celui-ci ou son mandataire, qui ne figure en aucune qualité sur une lettre de transport maritime, ne peut être considéré comme un tiers porteur de ce document, de sorte que la clause attributive de juridiction y figurant ne lui est pas opposable.
5
Boissinot, Aline. "L’influence de ’asymétrie d’information entre chargeur et prestataires de services logistiques dans l’industrie automobile". Logistique & Management 18, n.º 2 (enero de 2010): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12507970.2010.11516971.
Texto completo
6
Pingale, Aakash, Purvesh Salunkhe, Shreyash Phule, Sahil Malushte y Rohan Bhand. "Design and Construct of a Portable Solar Mobile Charger". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, n.º 4 (30 de abril de 2024): 4025–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.60321.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract: The state of incessant power failure accompanied with the increase in pump price of petroleum in India, solar energy becomes the most sought after energy source. Solar chargers are simple, portable and ready to use devices which can be used by anyone especially in remote areas. Going solar can solve the problems of dependence on fuels and the prevalent energy crisis. This project aims to make a portable solar charger which can be used on the go. A portable solar mobile phone charger is simply a power electronic device that converts solar radiation into electrical current for the purpose of charging the batteries of mobile phones. This charger is made by converting, controlling and conditioning the flow of electrical energy from source to load according to the requirements. of the load; this technology is called power electronics. An external adjustable voltage regulator is used to obtain the desired constant voltage. A zener diode switches on to ensure charging is cut off at the saturation point. Two 3.7V lithium ion batteries are used as backup; an operational amplifier works here as a comparator to signify when backup is fully charged. Ultimately, 11V and 160mA is supplied by the panel under full sunlight. This charger has an output voltage of 5V and an average of 800mA current to charge a mobile phone, this system charges a phone fully between 4-5hours and it has a capacity of 4800mAh. This device charges all mobile phones by all manufacturers using a universal serial bus connector. It is the only viable solution to charging mobile phones as it is portable, light-weight and does not cause pollution
7
Jose, Louis, David J. Bernstein y Scott D. Baalrud. "Barkas effect in strongly magnetized plasmas". Physics of Plasmas 29, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2022): 112103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0121285.
Texto completoResumen
Strongly magnetized plasmas, which are characterized by the particle gyrofrequency exceeding the plasma frequency, exhibit novel transport properties. For example, recent work showed that the friction force on a test charge moving through a strongly magnetized plasma not only consists of the typical stopping power component but also includes components perpendicular to the test charge's velocity. However, these studies only considered test charges that have the same sign as the charge of the plasma particles. Here, we extend these calculations to the case of charges with opposite signs (such as an ion interacting with strongly magnetized electrons). This is done with both a novel generalized Boltzmann kinetic theory and molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that the friction force changes dramatically depending on the sign of the interacting charges. Likewise, the stopping power component for oppositely charged particles decreases in magnitude compared with like-charged particles, and the perpendicular components increase in magnitude. Moreover, the difference between the two cases increases as the gyrofrequency becomes larger compared with the plasma frequency. The electrical resistivity is calculated from the friction force, where it is found that strong magnetization in conjunction with oppositely charged interactions significantly decreases the parallel resistivity and increases the perpendicular resistivity.
8
Mahesh Kumar K M. "A Comprehensive Investigation into Bidirectional DC-DC Converters with Soft Switching for Electric Vehicles". Journal of Electrical Systems 20, n.º 5s (13 de abril de 2024): 2333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.2593.
Texto completoResumen
Electric vehicles (EVs) are one of the the promising solutions for the environmental issues such as carbon emission and global warming. The high voltage traction battery in EVs is charged from utility grid by an EV charger. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standardize EV charges into two categories on-board chargers and off-board chargers. Usually, the on-board chargers are located inside the vehicle whereas, off-board chargers are not mounted on the vehicle. For onboard chargers, size and power density of charger become a prior matter of concern. The only way to reduce the size of a converter and thereby increase the power density is to operate power electronic conversion system (PECS) at very high switching frequency (HSF) resulting in reduced size of magnetic component in the charger configuration. However, HSF operation may lead to a high electromagnetic interference (EMI), loss in switch and switch duty. The work in this paper is focused on the development of high frequency bi-directional DC-DC converter (BD2C) stage priory used in on-board chargers due to distributed sources of energy as well as to manage the power distribution in the configuration. The power electronic BDCs are derived from boost and buck unit. The boost derived converter are current fed converters and offers advantages in terms of inherent voltage gain, short circuit protection and lower input current ripple. The voltage spikes across switches, high rated device selection, hard switching, snubber and auxiliary circuit requirements are some of the undesirable factors. This occurrence happened due to unbalance power transfer by the power electronics converter. Similarly, voltage fed converter offers good voltage control during power transfer.
9
NG, C. Y., H. W. LAU, T. P. CHEN, O. K. TAN y V. S. W. LIM. "DISSIPATION OF CHARGES IN SILICON NANOCRYSTALS EMBEDDED IN SiO2 DIELECTRIC FILMS: AN ELECTROSTATIC FORCE MICROSCOPY STUDY". International Journal of Nanoscience 04, n.º 04 (agosto de 2005): 709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x05003541.
Texto completoResumen
In this paper, we report a mapping of charge transport in silicon nanocrystals ( nc - Si ) embedded in SiO 2 dielectric films with electrostatic force microscopy (EFM). By using contact EFM mode, positive and negative charges can be deposited on nc - Si . We found that the charge diffusion from the charged nc - Si to the surrounding neighboring uncharged nc - Si is the dominant mechanism during charge decay. A longer decay time was observed for a wider area of stored charge (i.e. 3 charged spots) due to the diffusion of charges being blocked by the surrounding charged nc - Si . This result is consistent with the increase of charge cloud size during the charge decay and the lower charge change percentage for 3 charged spots.
10
Petrov, O. I. "Equalizing the battery charges of rechargeable accumulators". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1303, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2024): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1303/1/012007.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract Charge imbalances in high-voltage batteries, including battery cell arrays, such as lithium-ion in hybrid vehicles, tend to develop and increase over time as the batteries are charged and discharged, or even when the battery remains charged but not in use. This reduces the efficiency of the battery charging and discharging modes, and limits battery life and capacity. The article describes a method and device for performing the charge equalization operation when charging a storage battery. The elements of the charger circuit have been selected, the parameters of which are sufficient for charging with equalizing the charge of the Audi Q5 hybrid Quattro car. Calculations of the pulse mode of charging the battery of the specified car, as well as the time spent on charging with equalizing the battery charges are given. The charging time of the considered battery with the elimination of a 15% imbalance of the batteries will last up to 139 minutes (2.31 hours). The results of calculating the operating parameters of the device indicate that the device for equalizing the charge of the batteries is operable, can be implemented on a modern element base at a relatively low cost, and is capable of charging the battery in a time acceptable for the operation of the car.
11
Brindha, B. y K. Iyswarya Annapoorani. "Design of Bidirectional Resonant Converter For EV Application". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2601, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 2023): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2601/1/012037.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract In this study, a novel LLC converter-based battery charger for EVs is presented. With this structure, the major switches may be switched at zero voltage over the whole charging profile. The suggested charger offers a flexible output voltage range suitable for the battery system. Additionally, storage battery-to-battery charging enables the sharing of charge between two batteries if one battery becomes stranded far from a charging station, hence maintaining high-efficiency undercharging. Various types of vehicle-to-vehicle chargers have been examined by researchers. A major drawback of conventional chargers is the inefficiency caused by the several power conversion steps they use. The study describes a DC source to a battery charger that operates independently from the vehicle. The paper discusses the operation modes of DC source-storage battery chargers.
12
Ata’a, Anas W. "DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FAST THREE STAGES SLA BATTERY CHARGER FOR PLC SYSTEMS". Journal of Engineering 17, n.º 03 (1 de junio de 2011): 448–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2011.03.08.
Texto completoResumen
New fast sealed lead acid (SLA) battery chargers must be able to charge the fully dischargedbatteries in a short time. In the same time, the charger must monitor the battery state of health inorder to prevent over charge and to extend the battery life time.In this paper a Fast charger was presented to charge SLA batteries in short time and monitor thebattery voltage to prevent over charge. The design was implemented practically. And 150 charger ofsimilar type was produced for commercial use. They are now in service in different Mobile basestation sites around Baghdad. It can charge a fully discharged 12V, 4.5Ah battery in less than 5hours. To supply PLC control system on DC power to about 24 hour of continuous operation duringmain electricity faults.During one and half year of continuous operation three faults have been recorded in the 150chargers. All of the three cases were because of bad components manufacturing.
13
Nguyen, T. T. y B. I. Shklovskii. "Inversion of DNA charge by a positive polymer via fractionalization of the polymer charge". Journal de Physique IV 12, n.º 9 (noviembre de 2002): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20020398.
Texto completoResumen
Charge inversion of a DNA double helix by an oppositely charged flexible polyelectrolyte (PE) is widely used for gene delivery. It is considered here in terms of discrete charges of DNA. We concentrate on the worst scenario case when in the neutral state of the DNA-PE complex, each of the DNA charges is locally compensated by a PE charge and show that charge inversion exists even in this case. When an additional PE molecule is adsorbed by DNA, its charge gets fractionalized into monomer charges of defects (tails and arches) on the background of the perfectly neutralized DNA. These charges spread all over the DNA eliminating the self-energy of PE. Fractionalization leads to a substantial charge inversion of DNA.
14
Dr.S.N.Dhurvey, Nidhi S. Shirbhate, Tanvi M. Jiwane, Saloni B. Badwaik, Achal K. Mokadam y Krutika A.Bele. "Coin Based Mobile Charging System". international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, n.º 3 (2023): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i03.022.
Texto completoResumen
In the modern communication environment and day-to-day life, mobile phones now play a significant role. The mobile battery charger on coin insertion is described in this paper. When a normal charger is not available, the battery frequently runs out in the middle of a conversation, especially during inopportune times. Mobile battery chargers that use coins are created to address this issue. So this model, totally work and get charged by the solar power, which is to be mainly used at the metro stations by the people who want to connect with someone on urgent basis. After inserting a coin and plugging in a mobile device, the user will receive a micro pulse that will start the charging process. The battery will charge upto 30 minutes in one rupee coin. If the number of rupee is double, then the charging time limit will also get doubled. This small and lightweight solution is made to accommodate the increasing number of mobile users on metro stations and other places around the world. For each controlling application, a suitable microcontroller is programmed. The solar power serves as the source for charging.
15
Patkar, U. C., Kaveti Nani Kartik, Uday S. Patil, Shika Bharadwaj, Yogita Deepak Sinkar y Sonali Mallinath Antad. "Wireless Charging: Its types, Standards and Applications". International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, n.º 9s (31 de agosto de 2023): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i9s.7398.
Texto completoResumen
An electrical gadget can be powered without cords by providing electrical via an air pocket to the device in order to re-charge its capacity. The performance and practicality of cordless charging tech have noticeably enhanced lately. The introduction to cordless charging in this paper covers its basics. The evaluation of standards, which includes Qi and the A4WP, is then given, as well as a focus on their communications channels. Next, we put out a cutting-edge idea for cordless charger networking, which enables chargers to be linked for easier data gathering and management. We explain how the wireless charger network can be used to assign users to chargers, which demonstrates the usefulness in terms of a reduction costs for users to find the best chargers to recharge their mobile devices.
16
G., Shwetha y Guruswamy K P. "A Study on PWM Rectifier for Battery Charging Applications – A Review". International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 11, n.º 5 (30 de junio de 2022): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.e3608.0611522.
Texto completoResumen
Electric Vehicles (EV) are becoming more popular in present scenario because it can be easily charged using charger. Thus, the chargers play a vital role in EV vehicle. Hence, many distinct types of EV charging technologies have been developed so far. This paper reviewes an effective and quick charging approach which extends the life cycle of a battery with high charging efficiency. This article also presents about characteristics of charger in terms of converter topologies, modulation schemes and control algorithms.
17
Karlsson, Johannes y Anders Grauers. "Agent-Based Investigation of Charger Queues and Utilization of Public Chargers for Electric Long-Haul Trucks". Energies 16, n.º 12 (14 de junio de 2023): 4704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16124704.
Texto completoResumen
This paper investigates the charging needs and charger utilisation of a system of battery electric trucks and their public fast chargers, along the highway between the Swedish cities of Helsingborg and Stockholm, in a possible future scenario in which all trucks are battery electric. The system is investigated via an agent-based model which simulates a typical day with current levels of truck traffic on the road. The traffic flow is based on hourly truck flow data during a day and the annual flow of trucks. The findings indicate major potential for a well-functioning system of public chargers for trucks, with high utilisation, few queuing problems at charging stations, cheap public fast charging and a robust response to queues caused by peaks or increases in the traffic flow. The number of 900 kW chargers along the road needed to achieve this has been estimated at 140, and the utilisation factor for the chargers is predicted to be 30%.
18
Finger, Sebastian, Christian Schwieger, Ahmad Arouri, Andreas Kerth y Alfred Blume. "Interaction of linear polyamines with negatively charged phospholipids: the effect of polyamine charge distance". Biological Chemistry 395, n.º 7-8 (1 de julio de 2014): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2014-0126.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract The binding of cationic polyamines to negatively charged lipid membranes is driven by electrostatic interactions and additional hydrophobic contributions. We investigated the effect of polyamines with different number of charges and charge separation on the phase transition behavior of vesicles of phosphatidylglycerols (dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol) to differentiate between effects caused by the number of charges, the charge distance, and the hydrophobicity of the methylene spacer. Using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy complemented with monolayer experiments, we found that the binding constant of polyamines to negatively charged lipid vesicles depends as expected on the number of charges. However, for diamines, the effect of binding on the main phase transition of phosphatidylglycerols (PGs) is also strongly influenced by the charge distance between the ammonium groups in the backbone. Oligoamines with charges separated by two or three methylene groups bind more strongly and have larger stabilizing effects on the lipid gel phase of PGs. With multivalent polyamines, the appearance of several transition peaks points to effects of molecular crowding on the surface, i.e., binding of only two or three charges to the surface in the case of spermine, and possible concomitant domain formation.
19
Sang, Lin, Jian Cheng Ye y Ming Pan. "Characteristic and Model Analysizes of Steady-State Harmonic Source for DC Charger". Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (julio de 2013): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.536.
Texto completoResumen
The objective of this paper is to present the system construction and operational principle for a DC charger of electric vehicle. By means of analyzing AC and DC sides for the chargers, a reason was derived theoretically for producing specified harmonic current while absorbing fundamental wave of electric power system. The modeling and measuring procedures of multi-harmonic source for single and multiple chargers were proposed. The summation effect of harmonics for charge/exchange station which was regard as a public coupling circuit (PCC) of the electric power system. The simulation and measuring results indicate that as a new type of nonlinear load, the charger represented a characteristic of steady-state harmonic source.
20
Li, Zifeng. "Physics Essay: The Nature of Charge, Principle of Charge Interaction and Coulomb's Law". Applied Physics Research 7, n.º 6 (24 de octubre de 2015): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v7n6p52.
Texto completoResumen
<p class="1Body">What is “electronic charge”? Why there are two kinds of charges? Why do the same charges repel, and dissimilar charges attract each other? Why does their behavior agree with Coulomb's Law? These are among the most basic questions of physics. Let us assume the existence of a kind of microparticle in the universe, which we can call an electon for our purposes here. Three situations are possible: if an object contains a surplus of electons, it will be positively charged; if a deficit of electons, it will be negatively charged; if an object contains electons equal to its expected value, in the saturated state, it is neutral. The charged objects, containing these electons, have the ability to exchange charged or uncharged microparticles in order to achieve a neutral state. The acting force between two charged objects comes from the exchange of charged and uncharged microparticles. The same charges repel, and dissimilar charges attract each other. The value of force is consistent with Coulomb's Law. The material homogeneous between two charged objects affects the value of the acting force between them, but does not affect the direction.</p>
21
Haupt, Armin y Nicolas Minc. "Gradients of phosphatidylserine contribute to plasma membrane charge localization and cell polarity in fission yeast". Molecular Biology of the Cell 28, n.º 1 (enero de 2017): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0353.
Texto completoResumen
Surface charges at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane may contribute to regulate the surface recruitment of key signaling factors. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an abundant charged lipid that may regulate charge distribution in different cell types. Here we characterize the subcellular distribution and function of PS in the rod-shaped, polarized fission yeast. We find that PS preferably accumulates at cell tips and defines a gradient of negative charges along the cell surface. This polarization depends on actin-mediated endocytosis and contributes to the subcellular partitioning of charged polarity-regulating Rho GTPases like Rho1 or Cdc42 in a protein charge–dependent manner. Cells depleted of PS have altered cell dimensions and fail to properly regulate growth from the second end, suggesting a role for PS and membrane charge in polarized cell growth.
22
Ma, Tai-Yu. "Two-stage battery recharge scheduling and vehicle-charger assignment policy for dynamic electric dial-a-ride services". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 5 (20 de mayo de 2021): e0251582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251582.
Texto completoResumen
Coordinating the charging scheduling of electric vehicles for dynamic dial-a-ride services is challenging considering charging queuing delays and stochastic customer demand. We propose a new two-stage solution approach to handle dynamic vehicle charging scheduling to minimize the costs of daily charging operations of the fleet. The approach comprises two components: daily vehicle charging scheduling and online vehicle–charger assignment. A new battery replenishment model is proposed to obtain the vehicle charging schedules by minimizing the costs of vehicle daily charging operations while satisfying vehicle driving needs to serve customers. In the second stage, an online vehicle–charger assignment model is developed to minimize the total vehicle idle time for charges by considering queuing delays at the level of chargers. An efficient Lagrangian relaxation algorithm is proposed to solve the large-scale vehicle-charger assignment problem with small optimality gaps. The approach is applied to a realistic dynamic dial-a-ride service case study in Luxembourg and compared with the nearest charging station charging policy and first-come-first-served minimum charging delay policy under different charging infrastructure scenarios. Our computational results show that the approach can achieve significant savings for the operator in terms of charging waiting times (–74.9%), charging times (–38.6%), and charged energy costs (–27.4%). A sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the impact of the different model parameters, showing the scalability and robustness of the approach in a stochastic environment.
23
Yang, Xiu Li, Tie Min Zhang, Hang Xing y Hai Xia Qi. "Recycling and Using of Vibration Energy". Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (julio de 2011): 3011–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.3011.
Texto completoResumen
The cymbal piezoelectric energy conversion device is set in the sole in this system. Using positive piezoelectric effect, it can convert vibration energy into electric energy when people walking. It exports AC (Alternating Current) voltage. AC voltage is rectified to DC (Direct Current) voltage and steadied to 4.2. The mobile telephone Li charger is charged by DC voltage. The max charge current is 300, and the min charge current is 100 . A Li battery that is discharged to 3.2 can be charged up to 3.6 through 2 hours when a human whose weight is 60is walking with the speed of 23 steps/sec.
24
Uno, Masatoshi, Qi Xu y Yusuke Sato. "Multi-Stacked Superbuck Converter-Based Single-Switch Charger Integrating Cell Voltage Equalizer for Series-Connected Energy Storage Cells". Energies 15, n.º 10 (15 de mayo de 2022): 3619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103619.
Texto completoResumen
Voltages of series-connected energy storage cells, such as electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and lithium-ion batteries, need to be equalized to ensure years of safe operation. However, to this end, a voltage equalizer is necessary in addition to a charger, increasing the system complexity and cost. This paper proposes a family of transformerless single-switch integrated chargers that merge a charger and equalizer into a single unit, achieving a simplified system and circuit. Proposed integrated chargers are derived by stacking multiple conventional pulse width modulation (PWM) converters, such as a superbuck converter, that contain two inductors and one energy transfer capacitor. Detailed operation analyses, including an investigation on the impact of component tolerance on voltage equalization performance, are also performed. Experimental charging tests using a 12-W prototype were performed for four EDLC cells. All cells were charged with eliminating voltage imbalance and demonstrating the charging and equalization performance of the proposed integrated charger.
25
Laakso, L., S. Gagné, T. Petäjä, A. Hirsikko, P. P. Aalto, M. Kulmala y V. M. Kerminen. "Detecting charging state of ultra-fine particles: instrumental development and ambient measurements". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, n.º 5 (27 de febrero de 2007): 1333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1333-2007.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract. The importance of ion-induced nucleation in the lower atmosphere has been discussed for a long time. In this article we describe a new instrumental setup – Ion-DMPS – which can be used to detect contribution of ion-induced nucleation on atmospheric new particle formation events. The device measures positively and negatively charged particles with and without a bipolar charger. The ratio between "charger off" to "charger on" describes the charging state of aerosol particle population with respect to equilibrium. Values above one represent more charges than in an equilibrium (overcharged state), and values below unity stand for undercharged situation, when there is less charges in the particles than in the equilibrium. We performed several laboratory experiments to test the operation of the instrument. After the laboratory tests, we used the device to observe particle size distributions during atmospheric new particle formation in a boreal forest. We found that some of the events were clearly dominated by neutral nucleation but in some cases also ion-induced nucleation contributed to the new particle formation. We also found that negative and positive ions (charged particles) behaved in a different manner, days with negative overcharging were more frequent than days with positive overcharging.
26
Tai, L. S., Y. W. Wong, Y. M. Poon y F. G. Shin. "Characteristics of Corona-Charged PET Sandwich Electrets". Materials Science Forum 480-481 (marzo de 2005): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.480-481.123.
Texto completoResumen
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the major electret materials which has been studied and widely used in charge storage applications for a long time. The homo-charge and hetero-charge formation responsible for the electret effect of PET can be explained by the dipolar polarization, space charge separation and charge injection respectively as a result of contact poling or corona charging. These processes are also verifiable from studies of surface charges and thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) of the PET films. Now consider a stack of PET films charged under the same condition as a single film. It would be intuitively expected that the electret effects of the individual films of the stack should be different due to their different positions in the stack. However, in a recent study on charged PET stacks, it was found that the electret effects of the individual films are quite similar. The surface charges of the individual films are about the same and they sum to make same total as a single charged PET film. On the other hand, the TSDC thermograms of individual films show similar characteristics in the thermal relaxation processes where homo- and hetero- charge effects are still observed. From the TSDC results, especially for the film in the middle of a triple layer sandwich, it shows clearly dipolar polarization and charge injection related peaks. These findings agree with the results of surface charge studies of the individual films.
27
Lapcevic, Vladimir. "Charger for NiMH batteries based on buck DC/DC converter". Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 11, n.º 3 (2014): 477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1403477l.
Texto completoResumen
In this paper is presented charger for NiMH battery types AA. Charger is realized by Buck DC/DC converter and microcontroller. Microcontroller controls the work of Buck DC/DC converter by pulse width modulation and by measuring the current of battery charging. The current of charging is held constant by power electronics, and the time of charging is set by the user dependent of capacity of the battery. Standard battery chargers enable the recharge of NiMH battery for few hundred times, because termination of charging is done when voltage drop on the battery is detected. The aim of this paper is to create charger which enables that NiMH battery is charged 1000 times.
28
Zhou, Yu Sheng, Zheng Pan, Long Zeng y Yong Feng Liu. "Analysis on Harmonic Characteristics of Electric Vehicle High-Frequency Charger". Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (junio de 2013): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.441.
Texto completoResumen
As a nonlinear load, a large number of electric vehicle chargers inserted into power might bring many challenges, cause harmonic pollution to power grid. In this paper, a high-frequency charger is regarded as a researching object, the power characteristics of charger, harmonic current and impactive parameters are analyzed, and the harmonic analysis model of the charger accessed to power grid is built. Applying the Simulink and SimPowerSystems toolbox in Matlab and the simulation method facing the systems structure of electrical principle, the model is simulated. The harmonic generative rules and characteristics for a single high-frequency charger are present. The results might forecast the harmonic pollution of charge station, and provide the theory base for choosing harmonic control device and methods.
29
Rony, Zahidul Islam, MA Rony, M. Hasan, NA Nithe y MN Uddin. "Analysis and Design of a Solar Home System". Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology 8, n.º 10 (20 de octubre de 2023): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjet.2023.v08i10.004.
Texto completoResumen
Solar panels-the vital element of this SSHS makes use of exhausted energy. Compared to all other energy solar energy is abundant and free that can be used to charge batteries used for any module or electrical kits which are obvious for daily usage. The Smart Charge Controller will be designed such, so that the solar battery does not get over charged thereby ensuring no reduction of durability of the battery. This kind of system requires sensors to sense whether the battery is fully charged or not. After fully charged, detection safety can be achieved by designing a logic system in the charger, which will automatically disconnect or cut power to the battery when it is fully charged. When the solar batteries come into account, they get charged in a very short time period considering of the solar/sun/light hours per day, which is 5 hours in Bangladesh; whereas Diesel Battery Charging Stations (DBCS) take 1-2 days.
30
Cheng, Rei-Heng, ChengJie Xu y Tung-Kuang Wu. "A Genetic Approach to Solve the Emergent Charging Scheduling Problem Using Multiple Charging Vehicles for Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks". Energies 12, n.º 2 (17 de enero de 2019): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020287.
Texto completoResumen
Wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) have gained much attention in recent years due to the rapid progress that has occurred in wireless charging technology. The charging is usually done by one or multiple mobile vehicle(s) equipped with wireless chargers moving toward sensors demanding energy replenishing. Since the loading of each sensor in a WRSN can be different, their time to energy exhaustion may also be varied. Under some circumstances, sensors may deplete their energy quickly and need to be charged urgently. Appropriate scheduling of available mobile charger(s) so that all sensors in need of recharge can be served in time is thus essential to ensure sustainable operation of the entire network, which unfortunately has been proven to be an NP-hard problem (Non-deterministic Polynomial-time hard). Two essential criteria that need to be considered concurrently in such a problem are time (the sensor’s deadline for recharge) and distance (from charger to the sensor demands recharge). Previous works use a static combination of these two parameters in determining charging order, which may fail to meet all the sensors’ charging requirements in a dynamically changing network. Genetic algorithms, which have long been considered a powerful tool for solving the scheduling problems, have also been proposed to address the charging route scheduling issue. However, previous genetic-based approaches considered only one charging vehicle scenario that may be more suitable for a smaller WRSN. With the availability of multiple mobile chargers, not only may more areas be covered, but also the network lifetime can be sustained for longer. However, efficiently allocating charging tasks to multiple charging vehicles would be an even more complex problem. In this work, a genetic approach, which includes novel designs in chromosome structure, selection, cross-over and mutation operations, supporting multiple charging vehicles is proposed. Two unique features are incorporated into the proposed algorithm to improve its scheduling effectiveness and performance, which include (1) inclusion of EDF (Earliest Deadline First) and NJF (Nearest Job First) scheduling outcomes into the initial chromosomes, and (2) clustering neighboring sensors demand recharge and then assigning sensors in a group to the same mobile charger. By including EDF and NJF scheduling outcomes into the first genetic population, we guarantee both time and distance factors are taken into account, and the weightings of the two would be decided dynamically through the genetic process to reflect various network traffic conditions. In addition, with the extra clustering step, the movement of each charger may be confined to a more local area, which effectively reduces the travelling distance, and thus the energy consumption, of the chargers in a multiple-charger environment. Extensive simulations and results show that the proposed algorithm indeed derives feasible charge scheduling for multiple chargers to keep the sensors/network in operation, and at the same time minimize the overall moving distance of the mobile chargers.
31
LEE, YONG K. "STUDY OF CHARGES IN FLUORINATED POLYIMIDE FILM BY USING CAPACITANCE-VOLTAGE METHOD". Modern Physics Letters B 20, n.º 07 (20 de marzo de 2006): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984906010822.
Texto completoResumen
The deviations of ideality, such as shifts or distortions, in the Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) curve were examined to characterize charges in fluorinated polyimide film in MPOS ( Cu -fluorinated polyimide film- SiO 2 -Si ) test structure. It was observed that charges in fluorinated polyimide film hard baked at 325°C and annealed at 425°C were mobile and positive charged. The mobile charge concentration was 1011/ cm 2 and the activation energy of the drift of positive mobile charge was 0.6 V.
32
Wang, Wen Cheng. "Intelligent Charger Design of Electric Bicycle Based on SCM". Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (diciembre de 2010): 1573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1573.
Texto completoResumen
In order to avoid the disadvantages of electric bicycle chargers and extend battery’s life, this paper proposed a design plan of intelligent charger based on SCM. It introduced the principle, the hardware circuit components and software flowchart in detail. According to the rechargeable battery sampling voltage and the electric current condition information, the SCM produces the appropriate PWM signal, achieves precise charge controlling of different stages, and it has the function of data displaying and overheating protection. Practice has proved that the charger can improve the charging efficiency and extend battery’s life effectively.
33
Wang, Wei, Haoran Jing, Junhua Liao, Feng Yin, Ping Yuan y Liangyin Chen. "A Safe Charging Algorithm Based on Multiple Mobile Chargers". Sensors 20, n.º 10 (22 de mayo de 2020): 2937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102937.
Texto completoResumen
A safe charging algorithm in wireless rechargeable sensor network ensures the charging efficiency and the electromagnetic radiation below the threshold. Compared with the current charging algorithms, the safe charging algorithm is more complicated due to the radiation constraint and the mobility of the chargers. A safe charging algorithm based on multiple mobile chargers is proposed in this paper to charge the sensor nodes with mobile chargers, in order to ensure the premise of radiation safety, multiple mobile chargers can effectively complete the network charging task. Firstly, this algorithm narrows the possible location of the sensor nodes by utilizing the charging time and antenna waveform. Secondly, the performance of non-partition charging algorithm which algorithm allow chargers to charge different sensors sets in a different cycle is evaluated against the one of partition charging which does not allow for charging different ones. The moving distance of the charger node will be reduced by 18%. It not only improves the safety level which is inversely proportional to electromagnetic radiation but also expands the application scope of the wireless sensor nodes.
34
Yang, Zi, Haocheng Yang, Donglu Shi y Yilong Wang. "In-Vitro Study of Cancer Cell Binding and Photothermal Inhibition Efficiency by Gold Nanoparticles-Capped Iron Oxide Nanospheres". Nano LIFE 09, n.º 01n02 (marzo de 2019): 1940004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179398441940004x.
Texto completoResumen
Different from the traditional cancer cell targeting through protein biomarkers, strong negative surface charges of cancer cells over normal cells derived from the dramatic excretion of lactate acid by cancer cells due to their glycolysis have been testified as an effective cancer cell binding strategy. In our previous work, polyethylenimine (PEI)-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with strong positive surface charge and good photothermal property have been applied to kill cancer cells in vitro. Considering the obvious cytotoxicity of the first generation of positively charged nanotherapeutics, second generation of magnetic nanotherapeutics with tunable surface charges was designed and prepared by shield of positively charged surface areas by negatively charged gold nanoparticles (AU NPs). In addition to reducing the cytotoxicity of original NPs, the photothermal property of magnetic NP core was simultaneously enhanced. Herein, the correlation of the capping degree of the positive surface charge by AU NPs and the photothermal inhibition of cancer cells was investigated.
35
Wang, Minghua, Ying Zeng, Jiaqi Li y Yan Wang. "Collaborative Energy Optimization of Multiple Chargers Based on Node Collaborative Scheduling". International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2023 (5 de junio de 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5092972.
Texto completoResumen
Wireless rechargeable sensor network (WRSN) uses mobile chargers (MCs) to charge sensor nodes wirelessly to solve the energy problems faced by traditional wireless sensor network. In WRSN, mobile charging schemes with multiple MCs supplementing energy are quite common. How to properly plan the MC’s moving path to reduce the charge energy loss and deploy nodes to improve network coverage rate has become a huge research challenge. In this paper, a collaborative energy optimization algorithm (CEOA) is proposed for multiple chargers based on k-mean++ and node collaborative scheduling. The CEOA combines internal energy optimization and external device power supply, effectively prolongs network lifetime, and improves network coverage rate. It uses the k-mean++ to cluster nodes in the network; then, the nodes in the network are scheduled to sleep based on the confident information coverage (CIC) model. Finally, the CEOA uses a main mobile charger to carry multiple auxiliary mobile chargers to charge all the nodes in the cluster. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm increases the network lifetime by more than 8 times and the coverage rate by about 20%.
36
Sudiharto, Indhana, Farid Dwi Murdianto y Lavia Isnani. "Implementation smart charging technique using particle swarm optimization to achieve best performance charger". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2023): 1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i3.pp1604-1614.
Texto completoResumen
<p><a name="_Hlk97130646"></a><span lang="EN-US">These days, there are an increasing number of electronic devices that use batteries as their energy source, often known as portable electronic devices. However, the battery may run out of energy and a recharging process is required to keep the electronic device functional. A charger that is in accordance with the battery specifications is required to complete the charging process. Incompatible chargers can overcharge batteries and shorten their lifetime. Since there are many different types of electronic devices, many different chargers are required, especially since most chargers on the market are static and can only be used with one kind of electronic device. <span>This will increase the costs that customers must pay, especially those who have many types of electronic devices. As a result, this research will create a smart charger using the PSO algorithm that can be used to complete the charging process on all types of portable electronic devices. To test smart chargers, five different battery types from electronic devices with different specifications are used. From the test result, the smart charger can charge five different types of battery loads with various specifications with 100% accuracy at a speed that takes 50.4 seconds to reach a steady state</span>.</span></p>
37
Ahmad, Zulfiqar, Florence Okafor y Thomas F. Laughlin. "Role of Charged Residues in the Catalytic Sites of Escherichia coli ATP Synthase". Journal of Amino Acids 2011 (13 de julio de 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/785741.
Texto completoResumen
Here we describe the role of charged amino acids at the catalytic sites of Escherichia coli ATP synthase. There are four positively charged and four negatively charged residues in the vicinity of of E. coli ATP synthase catalytic sites. Positive charges are contributed by three arginine and one lysine, while negative charges are contributed by two aspartic acid and two glutamic acid residues. Replacement of arginine with a neutral amino acid has been shown to abrogate phosphate binding, while restoration of phosphate binding has been accomplished by insertion of arginine at the same or a nearby location. The number and position of positive charges plays a critical role in the proper and efficient binding of phosphate. However, a cluster of many positive charges inhibits phosphate binding. Moreover, the presence of negatively charged residues seems a requisite for the proper orientation and functioning of positively charged residues in the catalytic sites. This implies that electrostatic interactions between amino acids are an important constituent of initial phosphate binding in the catalytic sites. Significant loss of function in growth and ATPase activity assays in mutants generated through charge modulations has demonstrated that precise location and stereochemical interactions are of paramount importance.
38
Luo, Simon, William White, Joseph M. Cardon y Shane Ardo. "Clarification of mechanisms of protonic photovoltaic action initiated by photoexcitation of strong photoacids covalently bound to hydrated Nafion cation-exchange membranes wetted by aqueous electrolytes". Energy & Environmental Science 14, n.º 9 (2021): 4961–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ee00482d.
Texto completoResumen
Junctions formed from materials that contain mobile charged species and fixed counterions can assist in photo-induced charge separation and lead to photovoltaic action, irrespective of whether the mobile charges are electronic or protonic.
39
Tian, Yu, Matthew Tirrell, Carley Davis y Jeffrey A. Wesson. "Protein primary structure correlates with calcium oxalate stone matrix preference". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 9 (23 de septiembre de 2021): e0257515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257515.
Texto completoResumen
Despite the apparent importance of matrix proteins in calcium oxalate kidney stone formation, the complexity of the protein mixture continues to elude explanation. Based on a series of experiments, we have proposed a model where protein aggregates formed from a mixture containing both strongly charged polyanions and strongly charged polycations could initiate calcium oxalate crystal formation and crystal aggregation to create a stone. These protein aggregates also preferentially adsorb many weakly charged proteins from the urine to create a complex protein mixture that mimics the protein distributions observed in patient samples. To verify essential details of this model and identify an explanation for phase selectivity observed in weakly charged proteins, we have examined primary structures of major proteins preferring either the matrix phase or the urine phase for their contents of aspartate, glutamate, lysine and arginine; amino acids that would represent fixed charges at normal urine pH of 6–7. We verified enrichment in stone matrix of proteins with a large number of charged residues exhibiting extreme isoelectric points, both low (pI<5) and high (pI>9). We found that the many proteins with intermediate isoelectric points exhibiting preference for stone matrix contained a smaller number of charge residues, though still more total charges than the intermediate isoelectric point proteins preferring the urine phase. While other sources of charge have yet to be considered, protein preference for stone matrix appears to correlate with high total charge content.
40
Naji, J. y S. Heshmatian. "Quark–gluon plasma corresponding to a charged rotating hairy black hole". Canadian Journal of Physics 94, n.º 6 (junio de 2016): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2015-0784.
Texto completoResumen
We consider a charged rotating black hole in three dimensions with a scalar charge and discuss the jet-quenching parameter. We find that the effect of scalar charge and electric charge is to increase the jet-quenching parameter while the rotation of the black hole may decrease the value of the jet-quenching parameter. We find that viscosity of quark–gluon plasma is enhanced because of the electric and scalar charges.
41
Schwelberger, Matthias, Athanasios Mamakos, Martin Fierz y Barouch Giechaskiel. "Experimental Assessment of an Electrofilter and a Tandem Positive-Negative Corona Charger for the Measurement of Charged Nanoparticles formed in Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems". Applied Sciences 9, n.º 6 (13 de marzo de 2019): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061051.
Texto completoResumen
Onboard measurement of non-volatile particle number (PN) emissions with portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) was introduced for the type-approval of passenger cars in Europe since 2017 and is foreseen for heavy-duty (HD) vehicles in 2021. First studies on the performance of PN-PEMS with HD engine exhaust revealed larger differences between established PN-PEMS techniques than what was observed for passenger cars. Particles forming in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems for NOx of late technology HD engines have recently been identified as a potential reason for the observed differences. The formed particles have a size distribution peaking below the regulatory limit of 23 nm and most importantly acquire high (more than one) positive charges at the elevated exhaust temperatures. Precise measurement of such highly charged nanosized particles with PN-PEMS instrumentation utilizing diffusion charger (DC) based counters requires proper conditioning of these charges. Two approaches were investigated in this study: (a) an electrofilter (EF) to completely remove charged particles below the regulated size and (b) a tandem negative-positive corona (TC) charger to directly condition pre-charged particles. The two technical solutions were tested alongside the unmodified DC-based PN-PEMS, a PN-PEMS utilizing a condensation particle counter (CPC) and a reference stationary PN system using exhaust of two SCR-equipped HD engines. The results confirmed that the particles forming in such SCR systems are responsible for the observed inconsistencies and that both technical solutions efficiently address the interferences of these pre-charged nanoparticles.
42
Plançon, A. "Modelling X-ray diffraction by lamellar structures composed of electrically charged layers". Journal of Applied Crystallography 36, n.º 1 (21 de enero de 2003): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889802019362.
Texto completoResumen
The stacking parameters and nature of a mixed-layer mineral (m.l.m.) are generally determined by modelling its X-ray diffraction pattern. For m.l.m.'s containing electrically charged layers it has been assumed, until now, that they can be described by stacking of electrically neutral units that associate the charged layer itself and a compensating interlayer charge. Some consequences of this hypothesis are difficult to justify,e.g.quite different charges to compensate the same types of interlayers, or, on the contrary, the same charge to compensate quite different types of interlayers. A new model is proposed, allowing a description of any lamellar structure containing electrically charged layers. The mathematical formalism for the diffracted intensities of such a model is developed.
43
Hundal, Henna, Kamil Taneja, Karan Patel, Alex Zhang, Michael Diaz, Sahas Chandragiri y Jules A. Cohen. "Breaking down cancer costs: Hospital charges for patients with melanoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, n.º 16_suppl (1 de junio de 2023): e18921-e18921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e18921.
Texto completoResumen
e18921 Background: 78,000 new melanoma cases are diagnosed every year in the US and many present to the emergency department (ED). Furthermore, the increasing cost of healthcare has been well established. However, there is little data on the annual trends of hospital charges and risk factors for a high charge for these patients. Methods: We utilized the 2006-2012 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample to analyze the charges of melanoma patients. Multivariate linear regressions were used to identify factors associated with higher ED and inpatient (IP) costs. The 20 most common primary diagnoses of these patients were included in the analysis to consider the reason to visit the ED. Charges were corrected for inflation by normalizing to the 2012 US Dollar. Results: Between 2006 and 2012, 239,956 melanoma patients presented to the ED. In this time period, melanoma patients were charged a total of $567,834,100 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): $519,399,100 - $616,269,100) in the ED. The average per-patient ED charge was $3,284 (95% CI: $3,152-$3,416). The per-patient ED charge increased from $2,309 (95% CI:$2,144-$2,476) in 2006 to $3,844 (95% CI:$3,638-$4,049) in 2012 (p < 0.001), even after correcting for inflation. In the IP setting (57.6% of melanoma patients were admitted), melanoma patients were charged a total of $5,151,730,000 (95% CI:$4,768,685,000-$5,534,776,000). The average per-patient IP charge during this time period was $38,304 (95% CI: $36,952-$39,656). Over time, the per-patient IP charge increased from $34,591 (95% CI: $32,606-$36,576) in 2006 to $41,245 (95% CI:$39,151-$43,448) in 2012 (p < 0.001), even after correcting for inflation. Table 1 shows the top 5 factors associated with higher ED and IP charges. Conclusions: The ED and IP charges associated with melanoma patients has steadily increased during this period, even after correcting for inflation. ED per-patient charges have increased by a factor of 1.7 and IP per-patient charges have increased by a factor of 1.2. Furthermore, patients that present to hospitals in the West or to a Trauma Level I center have significantly higher charges. [Table: see text]
44
Li, Xiang Zhen, Guang Ming Hu, Peng Xin Hou, Yu Bo Fan y Chun Lin Guo. "Analysis on Harmonics Caused by Connecting Electric Vehicle Chargers with Power Network". Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (agosto de 2013): 1393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1393.
Texto completoResumen
As a class of nonlinear loads in the power system, electric vehicle chargers will produce a certain harmonic pollution for the grid. Before the construction of charging stations, it is necessary for electric vehicle charger (station) connected to the grid to simulate and predict harmonics. The models of single charger and charge station are built separately in order to simulate and analysis the impact of a single and multiple chargers on power quality. The factors of the harmonic current ratio (HRI) and the current total harmonic distortion (THDI) varied with the charging power and the number of the chargers are discussed and analyzed. The generation mechanism of harmonic counteraction and interaction between the chargers are analyzed. The simulation results show that: because of the impedance of the system and the transformer, the harmonic current ratio (HRI) and the current total harmonic distortion (THDI) both increase firstly to some extent and subsequently decrease gently with the increase of the number of the chargers in the same power charging. This phenomenon has nothing to do with the harmonic counteraction and how that happen is discussed and analysis in this paper. And the phenomenon of harmonics interaction and counteraction occurs with the increase of the number of the chargers in different power charging, and the current total harmonic distortion (THDI) declines and tends to maintain a relatively stable value.
45
Lekner, John. "Electrostatics of two charged conducting spheres". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 468, n.º 2145 (23 de mayo de 2012): 2829–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2012.0133.
Texto completoResumen
We prove that two charged conducting spheres will almost always attract each other at close approach, even when they have like charges. The one exception is when the two spheres have the same charge ratio that they would obtain by being brought into contact. In this case, they repel, and we derive an analytical expression for the force at contact, for any size ratio, generalizing a force formula for equal spheres obtained by Kelvin in 1853. We also give the electrostatic energy of two arbitrarily charged spheres, and its analytical forms at large and small separations. Expressions are derived for the surface charge densities of the two spheres. Attraction occurs between two positively charged spheres because of mutual polarization: one of the spheres obtains a negatively charged region (neighbouring the other sphere).
46
Alwahaibi, Sultan, Patrick Wheeler, Marco Rivera y Md Rishad Ahmed. "Impact of Grid Unbalances on Electric Vehicle Chargers". Energies 16, n.º 17 (26 de agosto de 2023): 6201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16176201.
Texto completoResumen
There is a global trend to reduce emissions from cars through the adoption of other alternatives, such as electric vehicles (EVs). The increasing popularity of EVs has led to a growing demand for electric vehicle chargers. EV chargers are essential for charging the batteries of EVs. Since the EV charger stays connected to the grid for long periods of time to charge the EV battery, it must be able to handle disturbances in the power grid. The goal of this paper is to present an overview of the impact of grid events on EV battery chargers. As well as the impact of grid unbalances on EV chargers, this paper also provides an overview of the impact of grid faults on other, similar power electronics interfaced resources such as PV and energy storage systems.
47
Doria, R. y L. S. Mendes. "On the electromagnetic symmetry producing fields charges at four bosons association". JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 21 (25 de mayo de 2023): 34–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v21i.9437.
Texto completoResumen
Physics would like to know what electric charge is. As a matter property it generates EM fields, coupling constant,conserved current. Nevertheless Maxwell is uncomplete. It requires to be extended. An approach is supported byelectric charge transfer phenomenology. Consider on three flavours charges {+, 0, −} transmission.A generic electric charge is defined by the triad {+, 0, −}. It provides an exchange charge physics through thequadruplet {Aμ, Uμ, V ± μ }. An electromagnetic symmetry is constituted. It associates the four vectorial bosons. TheEM completeness of particles carrying three electric charges is found. A four photons EM is derived. It includes, Aμ asthe usual photon, Uμ massive photon, V±μ massive charged photons. A new electromagnetic physics is expressed through an enlarged abelian symmetry, Uq(1). Maxwell relationshipsbetween charge and fields are extended. Fields charges are more primitive than electric charge. Noether theoremimproves the attributes on electric charge conservation, symmetry equation and constraint. The symmetry equationwhich govern the electric charge dynamics shows a charge behaviour beyond matter, as fields flux. EM interaction isextended from fine structure constant to modulated and neutral charges.The four bosons electromagnetism introduces a non-univoque electromagnetic symmetry. A pluriformity of EM modelsis performed under similar abelian group, Uq(1). Opportunities for different EM models are constituted preservingcharge conservation law and sharing a common Lagrangian. Physical varieties on Noether theorem, fields strengths,Lagrangian coefficients, equations of motion, fields charges are expressed. Electric charge is englobed by fields charges.The simplest four bosons model is selected. That one which fields strengths are gauge invariants. Propitiatingmeasurable granular and collective fields strenghts. Four kinds of charges are expressed through equations of motion.Electric, modulate, neutral and Bianchi. Allowing to include new EM sectors. Extend Maxwell for nonintegers charges,nonlinearity, neutral EM, spintronics, weak interactions, photonics. A new EM energy emerges.
48
Tijani, Nasiru, Lukman Olakunle Alimi y Salihu Ololu. "Joint Charge against Defendants in Rape Cases - A Legal Impossibility?" Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 6, n.º 2 (2 de febrero de 2023): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2023.v06i02.001.
Texto completoResumen
The successful prosecution of offences, including sexual offences like rape, is sometimes dependent on the framing of the charge or information by the Prosecutor. This takes additional complexity where the offence is committed by two or more suspects. In framing the charge, should the defendants be charged in one count or several counts for the rape of the victim but in the same charge sheet or information? And where two or more persons set out to commit rape but only one of them penetrated the prosecutrix, can all the defendants be charged in one count with rape? Or is it only the defendant who penetrated the victim that can be charged with rape whilst others are charged in different count with kindred offences like sexual assault or attempt to commit rape? This paper examines the rules of drafting of charges within the context of sections 7 of the Criminal Code Act and similar provisions in the Penal Code in relation to the vital ingredients of rape and argues that where two or more suspects are accused of actively participating in the commission of rape in jurisdictions where the Criminal Code Act applies, they should be charged jointly in the same count and in the same charge sheet or information. Whereas in jurisdictions where the Penal Code applies, each person who penetrated the victim should be charged with rape whilst others should be charged with abetting the rape in a separate count but in the same charge sheet. Adopting a doctrinal methodology, a critical examination of the relevant authorities in Nigeria and other jurisdictions will be undertaken. It will be recommended that where more than one defendant is charged in a count for rape, this should not vitiate the charge as such charge is actually technically valid.
49
Vinothkumar, Mr A., M. S. Deepika, V. Kaviya Priya y V. Gowarna Jayasri. "A PFC based EV Battery Charger using a Bridgeless Isolated SEPIC Converter". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, n.º 4 (30 de abril de 2023): 4142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51177.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract: Conventional PFC circuits in EV (Electric Vehicle) battery chargers have efficiency limitations. To overcome this issue, there were losses associated with the DBR, hence a bridgeless single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) with improved power quality is presented in this project. The input current drawn by the charger shows a unity power factor operation in a complete switching cycle. Due to the elimination of DBR, conduction losses are significantly controlled. The overall performance of the proposed bridgeless SEPIC converter is analyzed with the help of various operating modes. The EV battery is charged at constant current/ constant voltage control mode, which provides satisfactory results for improved efficiency and inherent PFC, thus improving the overall performance of the charger.
50
Aubin, Chantal N. St y Paul Linsdell. "Positive Charges at the Intracellular Mouth of the Pore Regulate Anion Conduction in the CFTR Chloride Channel". Journal of General Physiology 128, n.º 5 (16 de octubre de 2006): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200609516.
Texto completoResumen
Many different ion channel pores are thought to have charged amino acid residues clustered around their entrances. The so-called surface charges contributed by these residues can play important roles in attracting oppositely charged ions from the bulk solution on one side of the membrane, increasing effective local counterion concentration and favoring rapid ion movement through the channel. Here we use site-directed mutagenesis to identify arginine residues contributing important surface charges in the intracellular mouth of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl− channel pore. While wild-type CFTR was associated with a linear current–voltage relationship with symmetrical solutions, strong outward rectification was observed after mutagenesis of two arginine residues (R303 and R352) located near the intracellular ends of the fifth and sixth transmembrane regions. Current rectification was dependent on the charge present at these positions, consistent with an electrostatic effect. Furthermore, mutagenesis-induced rectification was more pronounced at lower Cl− concentrations, suggesting that these mutants had a reduced ability to concentrate Cl− ions near the inner pore mouth. R303 and R352 mutants exhibited reduced single channel conductance, especially at negative membrane potentials, that was dependent on the charge of the amino acid residue present at these positions. However, the very low conductance of both R303E and R352E-CFTR could be greatly increased by elevating intracellular Cl− concentration. Modification of an introduced cysteine residue at position 303 by charged methanethiosulfonate reagents reproduced charge-dependent effects on current rectification. Mutagenesis of arginine residues in the second and tenth transmembrane regions also altered channel permeation properties, however these effects were not consistent with changes in channel surface charges. These results suggest that positively charged arginine residues act to concentrate Cl− ions at the inner mouth of the CFTR pore, and that this contributes to maximization of the rate of Cl− ion permeation through the pore.