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1
Mayo-Dosayla, Charity Mae y Dennis V. Madrigal. "A Case Study of the School Behavior of Abused Children with Behavior Modification Intervention". Technium Social Sciences Journal 20 (8 de junio de 2021): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v20i1.3637.
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Child abuse has become prevalent in the society and has reached an alarming state. An experience of abuse creates a domino effect on a child’s learning and socialization in school, and consequently impacts their holistic development. Anchoring on B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory, this study investigates the undesirable school behaviour of abused children and formulates an intervention program for behaviour modification. This case study documented the school behaviour of three primary school children identified as psychologically, physically, and sexually abused by the local Department of Social Welfare and Development. These abused children were selected using purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through pre, and post-observation using a validated research-made Student Behaviour Inventory, in-depth interview, triangulation, and validated Student Behaviour Intervention Program (SBIP) anchored on Cognitive Behavioural approaches. Data were analysed using recursive textual analysis using Lichtman’s framework: coding, categorizing, and conceptualizing. Results of the study revealed that abused children have opposition, refusal, and resistance to orders; sensitiveness; tendency towards social withdrawal, aloofness, and melancholy; feelings of inferiority; and non-compliance to school requirements. Administration of SBIP to abused children produced slight modification in their behaviour. This study implies a consideration of the SBIP and its administration to children who have experienced abuse as an intervention to modify their school behaviour.
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Søftestad, Siri, Margareth Bjørtvedt, Jorunn Haga y Karin E. Hildén. "Family Therapy and Young Abusers". Journal of Comparative Social Work 4, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2009): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v4i1.43.
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This article focuses on young abusers participating in a treatment program for families where one or more children have experienced child sexual abuse and/or have abused other children. TVERS is a multiprofessional team where the treatment is performed within a frame of control ,“care and control hand in hand”. Three trained family therapists from three different agencies come together and form the therapy. The caseworker from the child care protection service (Children`s Service) becomes a part of the TVERS-team during their therapeutic work with the young abuser and his family. The therapists are given access to all reports and documents from the police, the court and medical services. The caseworker can follow up the family between appointments as well as initiate child protection procedures if necessary. The article describes our experience of working with families where the son in the family has abused other children outside or inside their own family.
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Fox, Kathleen Earle. "Are They Really Neglected? A Look at Worker Perceptions of Neglect Through the Eyes of a National Data System". First Peoples Child & Family Review 1, n.º 1 (25 de mayo de 2020): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069586ar.
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A follow up to a two-year study of abuse and neglect of American Indian children looks at differences in perceptions of neglect of American Indian children found in the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS). Findings from an analysis of 17,000 cases of neglect of white or American Indian children were that the neglect of American Indian children, compared to Caucasian children, was more often associated with foster care placement, juvenile court petition, alcohol abuse of child or caretaker, violence in the family, and family receipt of public assistance. The neglect of Caucasian children, when compared to American children, was more often associated with family preservation services, child or adult mental or physical problem, and inadequate housing. These data, from the 1995-1999 NCANDS, appear to confirm stereotypical assignations of neglect to American Indian families. This study supports the need for the direct participation of sovereign Indian nations in child protective investigation, treatment, and data collection, in order to create a more complete data system that will provide accurate numbers and characteristics of abused and neglected American Indian children.
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FERGUSON, HARRY. "Abused and Looked After Children as ‘Moral Dirt’: Child Abuse and Institutional Care in Historical Perspective". Journal of Social Policy 36, n.º 1 (21 de diciembre de 2006): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279406000407.
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This article argues that to provide adequate historical explanations for the maltreatment of children in institutional care it is necessary to ground the analysis fully in the context of the concept of child abuse and definition of childhood that existed at the time, something that many studies fail to do. Drawing primarily on the experience of the Irish industrial schools prior to the 1970s, while most commentators suggest that children were removed into care and treated cruelly because they were poor, there were also many children who entered the industrial schools who had been abused by their parents and welcomed being protected, and the community played a key role in supporting such actions. Children were treated harshly in the industrial schools not only due to their poverty but because they were victims of parental cruelty, which was perceived to have ‘contaminated’ their childhood ‘innocence’. They were treated as the moral dirt of a social order determined to prove its purity and subjected to ethnic cleansing. Prevention of such abuse today requires a radical reconstruction of the traditional status of children in care, while justice and healing for survivors necessitates full remembrance of the totality of the abuse they experienced, and that those responsible are made fully accountable.
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LEVINE, MURRAY y ERIC DOHERTY. "Professional Issues". Criminal Justice and Behavior 18, n.º 1 (marzo de 1991): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854891018001008.
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In several recent court cases, parents of children alleged to have been abused were ordered to undergo treatment or evaluation with a therapist who required that they admit to the abuse before therapy could be concluded successfully. The parents claimed that the requirement violated Fifth Amendment rights against self-incrimination. These claims were accepted by courts, but in very limited ways. Therapists should be aware that often an admission of child abuse cannot be kept confidential. The admission may result in loss of custody, loss of parental rights or criminal prosecution. Accordingly, therapists should be aware of the liabilities that such an admission may create for a client. Courts may draw a fine legal line between effective therapy and unconstitutionally coerced admissions. To encourage full participation in court-ordered treatment, states should consider offering immunity from prosecution for admissions of past abuse made during that treatment.
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Puzanova, Zh V., V. M. Filippov, M. A. Simonova y T. I. Larina. "Domestic sexual child abuse: Social and social-cultural aspects". RUDN Journal of Sociology 21, n.º 2 (15 de diciembre de 2021): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-2-311-321.
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The ratification of the Lanzarote Convention by Russia in 2013 entails several issues that cannot be resolved without the help of social-humanitarian sciences. Information from sociology, psychology, and jurisprudence has been used to create a concept for the empirical study of the domestic violence against children - to improve the implementation of the Convention in Russia. The concept considers two aspects of the problem - social and social-cultural. The article presents the Russian experience of how the provisions of the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse are implemented. The authors analyze statistical data on the number of families in which a sexually abused child is brought up; the number of abortions and childbirths by minors; the number of minors in educational colonies; the work of the childrens helpline; the number of mediation services; the number of social service organizations for families and children; the number of professionals working with children in programs aimed at preventing and protecting children from sexual exploitation and abuse; the number of organizations providing psychological-pedagogical and medical-social assistance; the number of specialized multifunctional centers providing assistance to families and child victims of sexual abuse; the number of specialized green rooms for investigating crimes related to minors; the number of specialists accompanying minors who have come into conflict with the law at all stages of the investigation and court proceedings; the number of professionals trained under the Child Sexual Violence Protection Program and now assisting families and child victims of violence. The article will be useful for readers who study the implementation of the Lanzarote Convention and the issues of child sexual abuse and domestic violence.
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Thompson, Sherry A. y Brooke Thompson. "Youthful parricide: child abuse is not the primary motivator (invited paper)". Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 5, n.º 4 (21 de noviembre de 2019): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-12-2018-0048.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to share nascent theory, suggesting there are five types of parricide offenders. The old theories are not valid: child abuse is not the primary motivator for parricide events. Design/methodology/approach This research draws on archival data derived from public sources (i.e. court records, offender statements, newspapers, etc.). Findings Child abuse is not the primary motivator for youthful parricide events. However, it appears to remain a factor in the parricide equation. The Good Child Postulate romanticizes youthful parricide offenders and could introduce potentially harmful positive bias into investigations, trials and treatment. The nascent theory suggests the five fatal personality clusters for youthful parricide offenders. Research limitations/implications The identified clusters are still being developed and statistically validated. More research and analysis is needed to delimit, refine and verify the five fatal personality types of parricide offenders and to create a clear, cohesive theory. Practical implications Murder in general has decreased over the past decade, parricides have not. A better understanding of the phenomena may help to slow the rate of parricide events. Law enforcement, natal families and the courts can help to improve rehabilitative outcomes if children could be recognized as the type of killer they are and treated differently during the investigative and defense phases of their cases. For example, if parents are placed on trial (i.e. are used by defense to mitigate/excuse the murders), some types of children will adopt the defense arguments laid out in court and feel no need for rehabilitation at all. Families of the murdered parents can come to a better understanding of what has happened – allowing them to grieve without being forced to defend the murder of their love one. This research serves as further correction for the promulgation of the notion that all parents who are victims of youthful parricide abused the perpetrator, thereby causing their own deaths. This does occur on occasion, but is not a complete picture of the phenomenon. Social implications Although murder, in general, has decreased over the past decade, parricides have not. The standing typology stymies fresh research and researcher’s abilities to explore models that may help to teach parents, law enforcement and other caring members of society how to prevent parricides in the future. Additionally, the Good Child Postulate works to create positive bias in the courtroom as attorneys for well-off, white children can easily build an imperfect defense for a population that is not actually the abused population. This has many social justice implications. Originality/value This information can be utilized by law enforcement, attorneys, the courts, parents and the prisons/therapeutic settings to better meet the needs of the youthful parricide offender.
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Kauppi, Anne Leena Marika, Tuija Vanamo, Kari Karkola y Juhani Merikanto. "Fatal child abuse: a study of 13 cases of continuous abuse". Mental Illness 4, n.º 1 (30 de enero de 2012): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mi.2012.e2.
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A parent who continuously physically abuses her/his child doesn't aim to kill the child but commits an accidental filicide in a more violent outburst of anger. Fatal abuse deaths are prevented by recognition of signs of battering in time. Out of 200 examined intra-familial filicides, 23 (12%) were caused by child battering and 13 (7%) by continuous battering. The medical and court records of the victim and the perpetrator were examined. The perpetrator was the biological mother and the victim was male in 69 per cent of the cases. The abused children were either younger than one year or from two-and-a-half to four years old. Risk factors of the victim (being unwanted, premature birth, separation from the parent caused by hospitalization or custodial care, being ill and crying a lot) and the perpetrator (personality disorder, low socioeconomic status, chaotic family conditions, domestic violence, isolation, alcohol abuse) were common. The injuries caused by previous battering were mostly soft tissue injuries in head and limbs and head traumas and the battering lasted for days or even an year. The final assault was more violent and occurred when the parent was more anxious, frustrated or left alone with the child. The perpetrating parent was diagnosed as having a personality disorder (borderline, narcissistic or dependent) and often substance dependence (31%). None of them were psychotic. Authorities and community members should pay attention to the change in child's behavior and inexplicable injuries or absence from daycare. Furthermore if the parent is immature, alcohol dependent, have a personality disorder and is unable to cope with the demands the small child entails in the parent's life, the child may be in danger.
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., Wendi y Firman Wijaya. "PENERAPAN ASAS LEX POSTERIORI DEROGAT LEGI PRIORI TERHADAP ANAK KORBAN PENCABULAN (STUDI KASUS PENGADILAN NEGERI JAKARTA UTARA NOMOR 195/Pid.Sus/2015/PN.Jkt.Utr)". Jurnal Hukum Adigama 1, n.º 1 (20 de julio de 2018): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v1i1.2172.
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Abuses against Children are included in Extraordinary Crimes and often occue mainly to minors. This is due to the lack of government in acting on the case. In this case, it occurred in a 3 years old boy who is abused by his own teacher. Precisely happened on April 29, 2014 at Saint Monica Sunter during the dance extracurricular activity. The victim’s mother found out about it when the victim complained of pain in the part of his penis after the victim was abused. At that moment the victim’s mother reported the incident of abuse to the authorities. It was then estabilished that the defendant was guilty of fulfilling the elements of an offense against the victim. So the defendant must be held in the prison until the court process is decided. In the indictment given by the public Prosecutor charged with using Article 82 of Law Number 23 year 2002 on Child Protection. However, the Prosecutors should be using the updated Law which is Article 82 of Law Number 35 year 2014 on the protection of new Children in the Prosecution. This proves that the Prosecutor is less careful in preparing the indictment given so as to cause legal irregularities that should in decideng the case reflects the legal objectives of Justice, certainty and expediency. Where as in legislation known as the principle of lex posteriori derogat legi priori that should be in the case of obscenity this principle is enforced. Because in the new Child protection Law more confirms the perpetrator of abuse if it is proven to commit abuse then the punishment is heavier that the old Law, and more to give special protection guarantee to the victim of abuse so that its rights will not be violated.
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Beeble, Marisa L., Deborah Bybee y Cris M. Sullivan. "Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners". European Psychologist 12, n.º 1 (enero de 2007): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.12.1.54.
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While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.
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Sakala, Sandra Chilensi. "Girl Child Sexual Abuse in Lusaka Urban". Journal of Law and Social Sciences 1, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2012): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.1.1.366.
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The study on girl child sexual abuse and whose findings are presented in this article
was conducted in 2010 as an academic requirement for the purpose of completing a
Master’s degree in Gender Studies at the University of Zambia.
This article outlines issues of sexual abuse and the various reasons why under-age
girls are more vulnerable to sexual abuse, cultural beliefs with regard to sexual abuse,
gender and power relations and sexual abuse, and existing community programmes and
knowledge levels, and institutional mechanisms of the sexual abuse case reporting in
Lusaka urban. The article has drawn conclusions and recommendations for enhancing
the protection of the children against child sexual abuse. By conducting a study that
comprehensively assesses the types of programmes and perceived implementation
gaps from Lusaka, this report poses specific policy and structural recommendations
on how best to address the existing problem of increased vulnerability of under-age
girls to sexual abuse.
Child sexual abuse is a form of abuse in which a child is abused for the sexual
gratification of an adult or older adolescent (CHIN, 2005: 53). Child sexual abuse is
the actual or the likely sexual exploitation of a child and includes rape, incest and all
forms of sexual activity (VSO, 2008: 2). In Zambia, anyone under the age of sixteen
is classified as a child.
Researchers cite various reasons why child sexual abuse is so common: Gender
power relations (patriarchy views which place women and children in lower positions),
poverty, a legacy of violent homes, power relations between children and adults, and
cultural beliefs.
The research was an exploratory study undertaken in Lusaka urban and endeavored
to explore why the problem of sexual abuse was persistent and why under-age children
were vulnerable to it. Using purposive and simple random sampling, a sample size of
seventy was arrived at and both qualitative and quantitative approaches of research
were employed. The data was then analysed manually and by Statistical Package for
Social Science (SPSS).
The institutions visited were: Ministry of Community Development and Social
Welfare, Women and Law in Southern Africa Trust, The Child Protection Unit of
the Zambia Police Service, Young Women Christian Association, Isubilo Orphanage
and Drop-in Centre and Jesus Cares Ministries Orphanage. Additionally, community
members from Chawama, Mtendere and Kabwata compounds were interviewed for
more insight into the study.
The study results showed that under-age girl-children were more vulnerable to sexual
abuse because they were easy to coerce, threaten, lure and could be more trusting
than much older girls. Further, the study revealed that gender-power relations, power
relations between children and adults, cultural beliefs and community programmes on
sexual abuse played a role in girl child sexual abuse.
The overall study recommendations were coined from the outcomes and
conclusions made in the study as follows: children needed more focused education
to increase their knowledge about child sexual abuse; intensify funding injections
into already functional community and school programmes, for example the School
Liaison Programme under the Zambia Police Service; putting in place a holistic
approach to sensitise community members centring on encroaching cultural norms
and practices that perpetrate child sexual abuse; there was need to intensify and widen
the coverage of programmes on child sexual abuse clearly stipulating and defining
types of sexual abuse; the law and punishment for perpetrators; perceived gaps in the
awareness programmes and institutional mechanism for sexual abuse case reporting
was bureaucratically long, long court procedures and negative cultural doctrines also
played a role and as such needed attention.
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Gebreegziabher, Tensae Gebrekrstos. "Forensic Interview of Sexually Abused Children: The Case of Three Selected Child Protection and Investigation Units in Addis Ababa". International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities 3, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2020): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ijmesh.v3i1.180.
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This study examines the application of forensic interview methods used in police investigations to gather evidence from sexually abused children. The investigating police officers need a range of skills related to interviewing victims, helpful in the course of detecting suspects. An effective interview is therefore a milestone to the investigating officers, plan a new way of eliciting relevant information from additional sources. Typically, interviewing requires the police to attempt to identify the type of sex crime considering the phases of pre, present, and post crime acts. The study used a qualitative method to explore the opinions of informants in depth. Seventeen participants were drawn from seven investigating police officers, three public prosecutors, three social workers, and four administrators selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data pertinent to the study were gathered using unstructured and key-informant interview techniques. Besides, observation and document reviews were employed to complement the data solicited from both sources. Thematic analysis was applied to give a thick description of data opinionated by informants. The study shows that investigating police officers are poorly acquainted with the interview techniques established by the Federal Supreme Court Interview Techniques Guideline. The guideline explicitly advocates the police officers' use of free narrative open-ended questions implying ample room to the child to describe the situation of the abuse in his/her own words. The study conveys the message that the police officers should take a series of training on forensic interviews and design the landscape where regular feedback, supervision, and stress management mechanisms will regularly be exchanged.
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Jirawon, Tanwattanakul, Pairojkul Sriveing, Kamnuansilpa Peerasit, Sritanyaratana Wanapa y Santiboon Toansakul Tony. "Factors of the grandparent conditions to take care of a child born accidentally in environmental health through their raising sexuality adolescence behaviours toward their abusing and neglecting from teenage parents". Archives of Psychiatry and Mental Health 5, n.º 1 (10 de septiembre de 2021): 033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.apmh.1001033.
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According to raising teenage parents though their abusing and neglecting children at a rural community with the ethnographic qualitative research method was surveyed. All children have protected on violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation from their teenage parents. To investigate and emphasize the consequences of violence ranged from immediate to the impact of their development on physical injury, learning ability, and local child care performance to long-term harm that caregivers carry into adult life is affected for raising children. Administration to the 89-households’ families and household memberships, 10 house stakeholders, 8 community leaders, 36 children, 65 caregivers, teenage parents and grandparents, and 3 mentors. Using the ethnographic qualitative research participatory with observation, natural conversation and in-depth interviews were randomized in rural Northeastern Region, Thailand. There are 52% of children being sexually, physically, or psychologically abused, neglected per day. Most of the teenagers’ education is poor learning skills, low academic learning achievements, and independent freedom of their sexual behaviors. These sexual intercourses between their groups are normal. Adding gambling habits among friends and adult groups are amputated without parents to dissuade. Either lifestyles as freely with sexually and gambling and the basic education are stopped, experiences’ living skills are poorly. Teenage women are changed to pregnant and young mothers. The teenage men must be searched for the job without a lack of worker’s skills to look for children with whom they are conflicted family relationships to take care.
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Jablonski, Sarah A., Michael T. Williams y Charles V. Vorhees. "Learning and Memory Effects of Neonatal Methamphetamine Exposure in Sprague-Dawley Rats: Test of the Role of Dopamine Receptors D1 in Mediating the Long-Term Effects". Developmental Neuroscience 41, n.º 1-2 (2019): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000498884.
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Methamphetamine (MA) abuse is a worldwide issue that produces health and cognitive effects in the user. MA is abused by some women who then become pregnant and expose their developing child to the drug. Preclinical rodent models demonstrate cognitive deficits following developmental MA exposure, an effect observed in children exposed to MA in utero. To determine if the dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) is involved in the learning and memory deficits following MA exposure, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated 4 times daily at 2 h intervals with 0 (saline) or 10 mg/kg of MA from postnatal day (P)6–15, 30 min after 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg SCH23390. Cincinnati water maze testing began on P30, and the high dose of SCH23390 blocked the learning deficits induced by MA with no effect from the lower doses. Morris water maze (MWM) learning deficits following MA were not protected by SCH23390, although there was a non-dose dependent effect in the acquisition phase. Locomotor deficits induced by MA were reversed by all doses of SCH23390. There were no effects of MA on criterion to trial passive avoidance. Taken together, these data show that behaviors that are dependent on the striatum are better protected with the DRD1 antagonist during MA treatment than the hippocampally mediated spatial learning in the MWM. This suggests that multiple mechanisms exist for the deficits induced by neonatal MA administration.
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Matnenko, A. "Legal problems of ensuring equal conditions for realization the constitutional right to education". Law Enforcement Review 2, n.º 4 (28 de diciembre de 2018): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2018.2(4).30-42.
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The subject of the paper is legal conditions for realization the constitutional right to education.The purpose of the paper is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that legal measures of realization of the right to education that are used in developed foreign countries can be used in Russia to improve Russian educational legislation.The methodology. General scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison were used. The author also uses the formal legal interpretation of Russian judicial decisions as well as comparative legal method.The main results and scope of their application. The court decisions supporting the principle of territorial consolidation of schools indicate that this principle does not exclude the possibility of citizens not residing in the fixed territory to enter the school of their choice. However, the implementation of this feature, due to the lack of legislative regulations of the procedure, can cause bias, corruption and other abuses of constitutional right to education. Inequality children’s opportunities to enter the school due to their place of residence persists in the individual selection process. Situations where there are no clear and consistent rules for the provision school education inevitably generates numerous violations of citi-zens' rights and inequality based on the financial situation of parents. In Russia, there is no "waiting list", when children wishing to enroll in a particular school, would be taken to the vacant place. Accordingly, the adoption of such decisions by school administrations also lies in the plane of subjective discretion and causes corruption risks. China's experience is interesting because there are transparent, equal conditions for legal attraction of extra-budgetary funds to the school system, which do not turn access to education in the best schools into a corruption scheme or competition of parents ' incomes and do not infringe the rights of those who seek to enter them on the basis of their own achievements and knowledge. Speaking about the British experience, it is interesting to note that the lack of vacancies in the school itself can not be a reason for refusing to enroll a child in school.Conclusions. The legal experience of developed countries, such as the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Japan, China, in regulating the grounds and procedures for the provision of school education can be successfully applied in order to improve the Russian legislation, which establishes the legal mechanisms for the implementation of the constitutional right to education.
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Mbuzi, Anselimo Boniface y Mwiya L. Imasiku. "Legal Societal System Intervention Trauma to Child Sexual Abuse Victims Following Disclosure in the Lusaka Urban District of Zambia". Journal of Law and Social Sciences 1, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.1.1.365.
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The rigorous hospital, police and legal procedures through which sexually abused
children go through can further increase the level of trauma if not done professionally.
If these procedures are performed in a sensitive and knowledgeable manner this can
lead to an expedited healing process for the child who is sexually traumatised. Trauma
is not just a health hazard but a condition that can impair full disclosure of required
details by a child who has been sexually abused.
In Phase 1, four in-depth case studies of children who were sexually abused were
carried out using the qualitative method of one to one oral interviews. Phase II
involved an investigation into the relationship between societal interventions such
as court procedures and trauma levels in fifty sexually abused children. The tool that
was used to assess or to measure the level of trauma and determine the amount of
stress experienced by each child was the Trauma Symptoms Checklist for children.
This instrument was developed by John Biere (1989). The data obtained was analysed
using descriptive analysis.
The police officers, the social workers and health workers indicated that they
had interviewed 50 per cent of the sexually abused children three times while the
remaining 10 per cent reported to have been interviewed more than three times. It
was further reported that each child had an average of three cross examinations in the
courts of law. The Trauma Symptoms Check List revealed that twenty five (50%)
of sexually abused children who had been separated from their primary care-givers
exhibited more stress and trauma than their counterparts. It was also found that fifteen
of the sexually abused children who were taken to the juvenile courts of law exhibited
less stress and trauma than their colleagues who were taken to the regular adult courts.
It was also observed that 75 per cent of the sexually abused children who indicated
that they had trusting relationships with the professionals expressed being at ease with
them.
This study indicates that certain types of societal system interventions such
as multiple questioning, more than three interviews, child-mother or care-giver
separation, inadequate trust during the investigation, court procedures and social
service phases, further traumatised sexually abused children.