Literatura académica sobre el tema "Chrysanthellum americanum"

Chrysanthellum americanum L. (Vatke) is a medicinal plant from the Compositae family used in west-African traditional medicine, known for its flavonoid and saponin richness and for its strong antioxidant potential. In the present study, we assessed the effects of Chrysanthellum americanum polyphenolic extract in the psychological stress-induced rat model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a chronic functional digestive tract disorder marked by immune and inflammatory-related disturbances of central nervous and peripheral intestinal systems, which is often associated with mood disorders including depression and anxiety. Consequently, memory impairment, anxiety and depression behavioral indicators, and cerebral oxidative stress biomarker dynamics were evaluated in a multifactorial heterotypic stress-exposed IBS rats after 6-day gavage with polyphenolic C. americanum extract (100 mg/kg body weight). Y-maze, elevated plus maze, and forced swimming tests were used for assessing behavioral responses. Administration of the extract exhibited significant anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects coupled with significantly increased temporal lobe antioxidant enzyme specific activity (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and decreased malondialdehyde levels, a well-known lipid peroxidation marker. Furthermore, linear regression statistical analyses showed significant correlations between the oxidative stress parameters and behavioral tests. In conclusion, our results suggest that the administration of Chrysanthellum americanum polyphenolic extract could ameliorate mood and cognitive disturbances related to stress-induced in an IBS rat model. This could be also related to cerebral oxidative stress status attenuation.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a food supplement containing Phyllanthus niruri and Chrysanthellum americanum in association with potassium and magnesium citrates in the treatment and prophylaxis of urinary stones. Materials and methods: Eighty-two patients (mean age 49.7 ± 11.2) with history of urinary stones received this food supplement, one capsule a day for 6 months. Each administration contained a combination of the following ingredients: 244 mg Potassium citrate, 735 mg Magnesium citrate, Phyllanthus (Phyllantus niruri) herb d.e. 15% mg Tannins 220 mg, Chrysanthellum (Chrysanthellum americanum Vatke) plant d.e. ¼ 55 mg. After 6 months, all patients underwent urologic visit, urinalysis, imaging and quality of life (QoL) questionnaires evaluation. Each patient was also evaluated by computed tomography (CT) scan at baseline and at 6 months. Result: From January 2018 to March 2019, 82 patients (mean age 49.7 ± 11.2) completed the follow-up period and were analyzed. Fifty patients showed lower stone dimensions (60.9%). The average stone size was 0.9 mm, with a significant reduction in comparison with the baseline (-6.7 mm ± 3 mm) (p < 0.001). Forty-nine patients (59.7%) did not show any symptomatic episode with an improving in QoL (+0.4 ± 0.1) (p < 0.001) in comparison with the baseline. At the end of the follow-up period, 27 patients out of 82 were stone-free (32.9%). Moreover, we report a significant reduction of patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) between the baseline and the end of the follow-up evaluation (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, this food supplement is able to improve quality of life in patients with urinary stones, reducing symptomatic episodes and the prevalence of ABU.

The water-based extraction of bioactive components from flavonoid-rich medicinal plants is a key step that should be better investigated. This is especially true when dealing with easy-to-use home-made conditions of extractions, which are known to be a bottleneck in the course for a better control and optimization of the daily uptake of active components from medicinal plants. In this work, the water-based extraction of Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) leaves (BC) and Chrysanthellum americanum (CA), known to have complementary pharmacological properties, was studied and compared with a previous work performed on the extraction of Hawthorn (Crataegus, HAW). Various extraction modes in water (infusion, percolation, maceration, ultrasounds, microwaves) were compared for the extraction of bioactive principles contained in BC and CA in terms of extraction yield, of amount of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and proanthocyanidin oligomers, and of UHPLC profiles of the extracted compounds. The qualitative and quantitative aspects of the extraction, in addition to the kinetic of extraction, were studied. The optimized easy-to-use-at-home extraction protocol developed for HAW was found very efficient to easily extract bioactive components from BC and CA plants. UHPLC-ESI-MS and high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) were also implemented to get more qualitative information on the specific and common chemical compositions of the three plants (including HAW). Their antihyaluronidase, antioxidant, and antihypertensive activities were also determined and compared, demonstrating similar activities as the reference compound for some of these plants.

Aims: To assess the relevance of Chrysanthellum americanum (L.) Vatke extracts in rat liver protection.
 Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry (LABIOCA), also in Laboratory of Department of Medicine and Traditional Pharmacopoeia (MEPHATRA-PH) of Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSS/CNRST) of Burkina Faso between July 2014 and August 2015.
 Study Design: Polyphenolic extract of Chrysanthellum americanum- in vivo liver protection- in vivo liver intoxication- liver necrosis parameters analysis, histopathology analysis, in vivo and in vitro antioxidant assay.
 Background: Chrysanthellum americanum L. (Vatke) is a medicinal plant well known for its flavonoids and saponins richness, but also for its strong antioxidant potential and use traditionally for liver disease treatment.
 Methodology: In vivo, anti hepatotoxicity effects of Chrysanthellum americanum was evaluated using CCl4 as hepatotoxic agent. Also, acute toxicities were determined using standards methods, serum parameters of liver injury using Cypress Diagnostics kits and histopathology analysis using Mayer's haematoxylin- eosin-phloxine coloration method. For in vitro tests, malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid method were used in lipid peroxidation assessment and the ABTS method in Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity assessing.
 Results: Result showed that the crude extract of C. americericum has a very low oral toxicity but, in intraperitoneal route this extract presented a high toxicity (LD50= 175 mg / kg of body weight). Histopathology micrograph indicated reduction in number of necrotic cells induced by CCl4. This beneficial action was confirmed by reduction in serum transaminases and malondialdehyde (22.68 ± 0.68 mmol MDA/ g of liver weight). In vitro antioxidant capacities, this plant extract presented a result of 35.01 ± 0.26 % and 42.01 ± 0.26 mg TE/ g respectively in LPO and TEAC.
 Conclusion: Given our results, our research confirms that Chrysanthellum americanum extracts have in vivo physiological impact and benefits in traditional medicine for specific care of liver diseases.

Ce travail aborde la question de la standardisation, de la répétabilité et de l'optimisation de l'extraction des plantes médicinales dans l'eau. Trois plantes ont été sélectionnées, pour lesquelles les activités pharmacologiques complémentaires reposent sur les différents flavonoïdes, dont deux sont bien documentées (sommités fleuries d'aubépine et feuilles de cassis) avec des propriétés bien connues, et la troisième a été peu étudiée (Chrysanthellum americanum). Nous avons établi un protocole d'extraction général dans l'eau basé sur l’infusion pour ces trois plantes, utilisable par chacun de nous, qui peut permettre une absorption quotidienne standardisée et reproductible de composants bioactifs (phénols, flavonoïdes, oligomères proanthocyanidines) à une température buvable. La granulométrie est le facteur le plus important pour obtenir les meilleurs rendements d'extraction (environ 22% pour l'aubépine, 26% pour le Chrysanthellum americanum et 28,5% pour le cassis). La composition chimique de ces plantes a été étudiée par des méthodes colorimétriques, ainsi que par des instruments analytiques performants et complémentaires (UHPLC-ESI-MS et FT-ICR MS). Les extraits de cassis contiennent beaucoup plus de composés phénoliques (les principaux composants détectés en UV étant les flavonols) que les deux autres plantes. Les extraits d'aubépine contiennent beaucoup plus d'oligomères de proanthocyanidines (les principaux composants détectés en UV étant les flavanols, les flavonols et les flavones) que les deux autres plantes. Les extraits de Chrysanthellum americanum et de cassis contiennent des quantités similaires de flavonoïdes, le premier contenant essentiellement des dérivés d'acide hydrocinnamique, des flavones, des flavanones et des aurones comme composants détectés en UV. Environ 2500 molécules ont été détectées pour chaque plante, parmi lesquelles environ 25% sont communes aux 3 plantes et environ 15% sont spécifiques à chaque plante. Des dérivés de quercétine et de kaempférol ont été identifiés dans les extraits de feuilles de cassis, tandis que la vitexine-2-O-rhamnoside, l'hyperoside et l'isoquercétine ont été identifiés dans les extraits de sommités fleuries d'aubépine, et des dérivés de flavanomaréine et de martitimeine, ainsi que l'acide oléanolique ou ursolique ont été identifiés dans les extraits de Chrysanthellum americanum. Une inhibition intéressante de la hyaluronidase (≥ 90%) a été rapportée pour les extraits d'aubépine, bien supérieure à celle des deux autres extraits de plante. Quant à l'activité anti-hypertensive, les extraits de Chrysanthellum americanum ont démontré une inhibition de l'ECA plus élevée que les deux autres extraits de plante. Concernant l'activité antioxydante, les extraits de feuilles de cassis ont montré la capacité antioxydante la plus élevée. Enfin, la formation de nanoparticules dans les infusions (appelées teacreaming) a été étudiée d'un point de vue cinétique et rayon hydrodynamique en fonction de la température<br>This work deals with the question of standardization, repeatability and optimization of medicinal plant extraction in water. Three plants were selected, for which the complementary pharmacological activities are based on different flavonoids, two of which are well documented (hawthorn flowering tops and blackcurrant leaves) with well-known properties, and the third one has been little studied (Chrysanthellum americanum). We established a general extraction protocol in water for these three plants that can be used by each of us, based on infusion that can afford a reproducible daily uptake of bioactive components (phenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanidin oligomers) at drinkable temperature. Granulometry was the most important factor to get the best extraction yields (about 22% for hawthorn, 26% for Chrysanthellum americanum and 28.5% for blackcurrant). Chemical composition of these plants was investigated by colorimetric methods, and also using performant and complementary analytical instrumentations (UHPLC-ESI-MS and FT-ICR MS). Blackcurrant extracts contained much more phenolic compounds (the main UV-detected components detected in UHPLC being flavonols) than the two other plants. Hawthorn extracts contained much more proanthocyanidin oligomers (the main UV-detected components in UHPLC being flavanols, flavonols and flavones) than the two other plants. Chrysanthellum americanum and blackcurrant extracts contained similar amounts of flavonoids, the former one containing essentially hydrocinnamic acid derivatives, flavones, flavanones and aurones as UV-detected components. About 2500 hints were obtained for each plant, among which about 1100 are common to all 3 plants and about 700 are specific to each plant. Quercetin and kaempferol derivatives were identified in blackcurrant leaves extracts, while vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside, hyperoside and isoquercetin were identified in hawthorn flowering tops extracts and flavanomarein and martitimein derivatives, and Oleanolic or Ursolic acid were identified in Chrysanthellum americanum extracts. A significant inhibition of hyaluronidase (≥ 90%) was reported for hawthorn extracts, much higher than that of the other two plant extracts. As for the anti-hypertensive activity, the Chrysanthellum americanum extracts demonstrated higher ACE inhibition than the other two plant extracts. Regarding antioxidant activity, blackcurrant leaf extracts showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Finally, the formation of nanoparticles in the herbal tea infusions (also known as tea creaming), was studied from a kinetic and size-distribution point of view as a function of temperature